MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE JUDICIARY REFORM ( ) sasamartlo reformis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi ( wlebi)

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1 sasamartlo reformis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi ( wlebi) wlebsi `saerto sasamartloebis Sesaxeb~ da `uzenaesi sasamartlos Sesaxeb~ organuli kanonebis mi- RebiT, saqartvelos istoriasi pirvelad daiwyo sasamartlo sistemis reforma. samwuxarod, ukve erti wlis Semdeg arsebulma politikurma da ekonomikurma vi- Tarebam cxadyo, rom sasamartlo reforma saqartvelosi ver Sedgeboda. im dros qveyanasi ar arsebobda yvelaze mtavari, rac reformebis gatarebisatvis aucilebelia _ xelisuflebis neba. amis gamo, ar ganxorcielda im sistemata reformireba, romeltac pirdapiri Tu iribi Sexeba hqondat sasamartlostan, anu prokuraturisa da policiis, agretve advokatta korpusisa, ramac, saboloo jamsi, sasamartlo reformis ara Tu Seferxeba, aramed misi Cavardna gamoiwvia. ufro metic, sasamartlo sistemis reformireba daiwyo Sesabamisi finansuri da materialuri resursebis mobilizaciis garese. arnisnulis Sedegad, sistemasi dagrovda uamravi problema, romelta Soris gansakutrebit mwvave iyo bevri araketilsindisieri da arakvalificiuri mosamartlis saqmianoba, rac ganapirobebda sasamartlo sistemasi masstabur korufcias da, Sesabamisad, damoukideblobis umdables xarisxs. arnisnulis gamo, 2005 wlis dasawyissi SemuSavda Sesabamisi koncefcia da faqtobrivad xelaxla daiwyo mas- Staburi sasamartlo reforma. igi moicavs sasamartlo sistemis mowyobasa da gamartul funqcionirebastan dakavsirebul yvela sakitxs. reformis yvela metad Tu naklebad mnisvnelovani nabiji arsebitad aris dakav- Sirebuli ertmanettan da mati kompleqsuri, etapobrivi ganxorcieleba aucilebelia dasaxuli miznis _ damoukidebeli sasamartlo sistemis - misarwevad. arsanisnavia, rom sasamartlo reforma mimdinareobs saqartvelos partniori qveynebisa da saertasoriso organizaciebis aqtiuri mxardawerit, romlebic monawileoben reformis sxvadasxva mimartulebis ganxorcielebasi. esenia: norvegiis kanonis uzenaesobis programa (NORLAG), amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (USAID), amerikis iuristta asociacia (ABA), gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis ganvitarebis programa (UNDP), germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GTZ), evropis TanamSromlobisa da usafrtxoebis organizacia (OSCE), evropis sabwo da sxvebi. MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE JUDICIARY REFORM ( ) After adopting the organic laws on 'Common Courts' and 'Supreme Court' in , implementation of the judiciary reform was initiated for the first time in the history of Georgia. However, after a year, the existing political and economic situation made it clear that it would be impossible to implement the judiciary reform in Georgia. At that time the country lacked the most important thing needed for these reforms: the will of the government. This is why the systems, namely the office of the prosecutor and the police, also the bar of lawyers, which were directly or indirectly linked to the judiciary, failed to be reformed that eventually caused not only impediment, but also failure of the judiciary reform. Moreover, the judiciary reform was initiated without mobilizing relevant financial and material resources. Hence abovementioned, many problems accumulated in the judiciary system and among them the major one was the activities of many dishonest and underqualified judges, that accounted for the large-scaled corruption within the judiciary system and, correspondingly, the lowest degree of independence. Consequently, the conception of the reform was elaborated in 2005 and in fact the large-scaled judiciary reform started anew. It comprises all the issues related to the arrangement of the judiciary system and to its balanced functioning as well. All the more or less important steps of the reform are substantially linked to each other and it is necessary to implement them comprehensively and gradually to achieve the goal - creation of the independent judiciary system. It should be pointed out that the Judiciary Reform is being implemented with the active support of partner countries and international organizations, which are involved in implementation of various directions of the reform. These are: The Norwegian Mission of Rule of Law Advisers to Georgia (NORLAG), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), American Bar Association (ABA), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Council of Europe, etc. 3

2 wlebi - sasamartlo reforma JUDICIARY REFORM I. instituciuri cvlilebebi I. INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES 1. reformis safuzvlebi da mirwevebi a) "saqartvelos saerto sasamartloebis Sesaxeb" organuli kanonis mireba; b) "saqartvelos uzenaesi sasamartlos Sesaxeb" organuli kanonis mireba; g) mosamartleta Tanamdebobaze ganwesebis axali sistema; d) sistemidan wavidnen sabwota xelisuflebis dros danisnuli mosamartleebi; e) Tanamdebobebze dainisnen gamocdacabarebuli da konkursgavlili mosamartleebi; 2. reformis Cavardnis mizezebi a) mcire xelfasi (romelic xsirad ar gaicemoda); b) Sesabamisi materialur-teqnikuri bazis ararseboba; g) sxva struqturebsi reformis argatareba; d) xelisuflebis nebis ararseboba; e) qveyanasi arsebuli korufciuli garemos kidev ufro gauareseba. 1. FUNDAMENTALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE REFORMS a) Approval of the organic law on "Common Courts of Georgia"; b) Approval of the organic law on "Supreme Court of Georgia"; c) Creation of a new system of appointment of judges; d) Judges appointed during the Soviet period left the system; e) Appointments were provided to the judges who passed the exams and went through the selection process successfully; 2. REASONS OF THE REFORM FAILURE a) Small salaries (that were not distributed often); b) Lack of relevant material and technical resources; c) Failure to perform reforms at other structures; d) Lack of the governmental will; e) Worsening of the corrupted environment in the country wlebsi ganxorcielebuli sasamartlo reformis Sedegad saqartvelosi Camoyalibda sasamartlo sistema, romelic, instanciurobis principis TvalsazrisiT, ar iyo mkvetrad gamijnuli ertmanetisagan wels dawyebuli reformis ert-erti ZiriTadi mimartuleba sasamartlo sistemis instituciuri reorganizaciaa, ris Sedegadac Seiqmneba mwyobri, funqciurad gamartuli sistema da, Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyofil iqneba Tanmimdevruli instanciurobis principi. sistemis SemadgenlobaSi iqneba - pirveli instanciis 21 raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlo 46 magistrati mosamartlit, ori saapelacio sasamartlo (Tbilissa da qutaissi) da saqartvelos uzenaesi (sakasacio) sasamartlo. uzenaesi sasamartlo Supreme Court saapelacio sasamartlo Court of Appeal As the result of the judiciary reform that was implemented in a judiciary system was established in Georgia where the principle of sequential order of instances was not clearly defined. One of the main directions of the reform that started in 2005 is the institutional reorganization of the judiciary system that will result in the creation of a smooth, functionally balanced system and correspondingly, provide the principle of sequential order of instances. The system will consist of - 21 district (city) courts of the first instance with 46 magistrate judges, two courts of appeal (in Tbilisi and Kutaisi) and the Supreme (cassation) Court of Georgia raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlo magistrati mosamartle District (City) Court Magistrate Judge 1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlo, magistrati mosamartle 1. DISTRICT (CITY) COURT, MAGISTRATE JUDGE sasamartlo darbazebi rekonstruqciamde Court rooms before reconstruction reformit gatvaliswinebulia pirveli instanciis sasamartloebis modernizeba, rac gamoixateba rogorc mat gansjadobas mikutvnebul saki- TxTa dazustebasi, ise mosamartleta specializaciasi. It is envisaged to modernize the courts of the first instance that is reflected in reference of identifying the issues that fall under their cognizance and in the specialization of judges as well. 4 5

3 axleburad yalibdeba pirveli instanciis sasamartlos struqtura: iqmneba 21 gamsxvilebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlo (saerto jamsi 110 mosamartlis SemadgenlobiT), romelsic aseve imusavebs 46 magistrati mosamartle. isini gantavsdebian saqartvelos yvela regionsi da pirveli instanciis wesit ganixilaven sisxlis, samoqalaqo da administraciuli kategoriis saqmeebs. am sistemis mtavari upiratesoba aris is, rom raionul (saqalaqo) sasamartloebsi moxdeba mosamartleta specializacia, anu sxvadasxva kategoriis saqmeebs ganixilavs am disciplinasi specializebuli mosamartle, rac udavod xels Seuwyobs saqmeta ufro swrafad da maralkvalificiurad ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. aseve mnisvnelovania, rom yvela saqmes, ganurcevlad mati sir- Tulisa Tu subieqtisa, ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartloebis specializebuli mosamartleebi. dres am principit ukve funqcionirebs Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamartlo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis samoqalaqo, sisxlis da administraciul saqmeta kolegiebi, sadac mosamartle ganixilavs saqmes konkretuli specializaciis Sesabamisad. aseve Seqmnilia goris, xasuris, axalqalaqis, sa- Cxeris da mcxetis gaertianebuli raionuli sasamartloebi. mimdinare wlis bolomde ki gaer- Tiandeba rustavis, sirnarisa da zestafonis sasamartloebi. martlmsajulebis ert-erti ZiriTadi principis - xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad iqmneba magistrati mosamartlis instituti. igi Sedis raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlos Semadgenloba- Si da samosamartlo uflebamosilebas axorcielebs im administraciul-teritoriul erteul- Si, sadac ar moqmedebs gamsxvilebuli raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamartlo. zemot dasaxelebul regionebsi ukve moqmedebs 7 magistrati mosamar- Tle, wlis bolostvis ki mati ricxvi 13-mde gaizrdeba. The structure of the court of the first instance is being established in a new way: there will be 21 enlarged district (city) courts (staffed by 110 judges in total), where 46 magistrate judges will be working as well. They will be located in all the regions of Georgia that will hear the criminal, civil and administrative cases by the rule of the first instance. The main advantage of this system is that the judges will be specialized at district (city) courts, that is, the cases of various categories will be heard by the judge specialized in this discipline that will undoubtedly promote hearing and resolving of cases more quickly and on a highly qualified level. It is also significant that all the cases, regardless their complexity or subject, will be heard by the specialized judges of the district (city) courts. Today this principle is already activated at Tbilisi City Court, where there are panels for hearing civil, criminal and administrative cases and where judges hear cases according to their particular area of specialization. Also the united district courts of Gori, Khashuri, Akhalkalaki, Sachkhere and Mtskheta were established. In addition, Rustavi, Signagi and Zestaponi courts will be united by the end of the current year. For ensuring accessibility as one of the main principles of justice, the institute of magistrate judges is established. It constitutes the part of the district (city) court and implements the judicial power in the administrative-territorial unit where the enlarged district (city) court is not present. 7 magistrate judges are already implementing their duties in above mentioned regions, and their number will be increased up to 13 till the end of the year. I instanciis raionuli (saqalaqo) da magistrati sasamartloebi DISTRICT (CITY) AND MAGISTRATE COURTS OF THE I INSTANCE 1. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamartlo 2. qutaisis ss wyaltubos mm bardatis mm tyibulis mm 3. zestafonis rs xaragaulis mm Terjolis mm 4. sacxeris rs WiaTuris mm 5. samtrediis rs vanis mm xonis mm 6. rustavis ss gardabnis mm sagarejos mm 7. bolnisis rs marneulis mm dmanisis mm 8. TeTriwyaros rs walkis mm 9. ambrolauris rs onis mm 10. cageris rs lentexis mm 11. mcxetis rs axalgoris mm dusetis mm TianeTis mm 12. Telavis rs axmetis mm gurjaanis mm yvarlis mm 13. sirnaris rs dedofliswyaros mm lagodexis mm 14. ozurgetis rs lancxutis mm Coxatauris mm 15. goris rs kaspis mm 16. xasuris rs qarelis mm 17. fotis ss abasis mm martvilis mm senaki mm xobis mm 18. zugdidis rs mestiis mm Cxorowyus mm walenjixis mm 19.. axalcixis rs adigenis mm aspinzis mm borjomis mm 20 axalqalaqis rs ninowmindis mm 21 batumis ss qedis mm qobuletis mm Suaxevis mm xelvacauris mm xulos mm soxumis rs tyvarceli-ocamciris rs gagra-gudautis rs gali-gulrifsis rs 1. TBILISI CITY COURT 2. KUTAISI CC Tskaltubo MJ Bagdati MJ Tkibuli MJ 3. ZESTAPONI DC Kharagauli MJ Terjola MJ 4. SACHKHERE DC Chiatura MJ 5. SAMTREDIA DC Vani MJ Khan MJ 6. RUSTAVI CC Gardabani MJ Sagarejo MJ 7. BOLINAS DC Marneuli MJ Dmanisi MJ 8. TETRITSKARO DC Tsalka MJ 9. AMBROLAURI DC Oni MJ 10. TSAGERI DC Lentekhi MJ 11. MTSKHETA DC Akhalgori MJ Dusheti MJ Tianeti MJ Kazbegi MJ 12. TELAVI DC Akhmeta MJ Gurjaani MJ Kvareli MJ 13. SIGNAGI DC Dedoplistskaro MJ Lagodekhi MJ 14 OZURGETI DC Lanchkhuti MJ CHokhatauri MJ 15 GORI DC Kaspi MJ 16 KHASHURI DC Kareli MJ 17 POTI abasis MJ martvilis MJ senaki MJ xobis MJ 18 ZUGDIDI DC Mestia MJ Chkhorotsku MJ Tsalenjikha MJ 19. AKHALTSIKHE DC Adigeni MJ Aspindza MJ Borjomi MJ 20 AKHALKALAKI DC Ninotsminda MJ 21 BATUMI CC Keda MJ Kobuleti MJ Shuakhevi MJ Khelvachauri MJ Khulo MJ Sokhumi DC Tkvarcheli-Ochamchire DC Gagra-Gudauta DC Gali-Gulripshi DC rs - raionuli sasamartlo mm - magistrati mosamartle 6 7 CC - City Court DC - District Court MJ - Magistrate Judge

4 2. saapelacio sasamartlo 2005 wlis pirvel naxevarsi ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, 1 noembridan amoqmedda saapelacio sasamartlo instancia, ritac Zireulad Seicvala arsebuli saolqo sasamartloebis modeli saerto sasamar- Tloebis ertian sistemasi. saapelacio sasamar- TloSi arar arsebobs saqmeta pirveli instanciis wesit ganmxilveli kolegiebi da yvela saqmes sasamartlo ganixilavs mxolod apelaciis wesit. saqartvelosi ori saapelacio sasamartlo moqmedebs: Tbilissa da qutaissi. dasavlet saqar- TveloSi moqmed pirveli instanciis sasamar- TloTa (mat Soris magistrat mosamartleta) gadawyvetilebebze saapelacio sacivrebs qutaisis saapelacio sasamartlo ganixilavs, xolo armosavlet saqartvelos sasamartlota gadawyvetilebebze sacivrebi Tbilisis saapelacio sasamar- TloSi ganixileba. 2. COURT OF APPEAL According to the legislative amendments implemented in the first half of 2005, the instance of the court of appeal has been put into practice since November 1, which completely changed the existed model of district courts in the unified system of common courts. There are no panels at the courts of appeal for hearing the cases by the rule of the first instance any more, and the court hears all the cases only by the rule of appeal. There are two courts of appeal in Georgia: in Tbilisi and Kutaisi. The appeals of the courts of the first instance from the west Georgia are heard by Kutaisi Court of Appeal, whereas the appeals on the resolutions of the courts of the east Georgia go directly to Tbilisi Court of Appeal. qutaisis saapelacio sasamartlo Kutaisi Court of Appeal uzenaesi sasamartlo Supreme Court qutaisis saapelacio sasamartlo Kutaisi Court of Appeal Tbilisis saapelacio sasamartlo Tbilisi Court of Appeal soxumi Sokhumi zugdidi Zugdidi Tsageri ambrolauri Ambrolauri zestafoni foti samtredia gori Poti Samtredia Zestaponi Gori mcxeta Telavi ozurgeti Mtskheta xasuri qutaisi Telavi Ozurgeti Khashuri Kutaisi Tbilisi batumi axalcixe Tbilisi rustavi Batumi Rustavi Akhaltsikhe Tetritskaro axalqalaqi Akhalkalaki bolnisi Bolnisi sirnari Signagi Tbilisis saapelacio sasamartlo Tbilisi Court of Appeal 8 9

5 uzenaesi sasamartlo Supreme Court 3. sakasacio sasamartlo 3. COURT OF CASSATION 2005 wlis 1 noembridan saqartvelos uzenaesi sasamartlo Camoyalibda wminda sakasacio instanciis sasamartlod. uzenaes sasamartlosi gauqmda sisxlis samartlis saqmeta kolegia, romelic pirveli instanciis wesit ganixilavda gansaku- TrebiT mzime kategoriis saqmeebs. SemoRebulia sakasacio sacivris dasasvebobis kriteriumebi. uzenaesi sasamartlo, am kriteriumta Sesabamisad, dasasvebad miicnevs iseti kategoriis saqmeebs, romlebic mnisvnelovania samar- Tlis ganvitarebisa da ertgvarovani sasamar- Tlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis. arnisnuli cvlilebebit uzenaesi sasamartlo gaxda mar- Tlac doqtrinaluri sasamartlo, romlis erterti ZiriTadi funqciaa samartlis normata ganmarteba da ertgvarovani sasamartlo praqtikis Camoyalibeba. 10 Since November 1, 2005 The Supreme Court of Georgia has been established as a court of the pure cassation instance. The Panel for hearing criminal cases was cancelled at the Supreme Court, which used to hear the cases of extremely grave crime by the rule of the first instance. The criteria for eligibility of cassation appeals have been introduced. According to these criteria the Supreme Court considers the eligible cases and accepts only those which are significant for the development of the justice and for the establishment of the common judicial practice With the mentioned changes the Supreme Court has in fact become a doctrinal court with one of the most basic functions of interpreting judicial norms and establishment of the common judiciary practice. uzenaesi sasamartlos Sida xedi da darbazi Interior and the hall of the Supreme Court 11 sasamartlo sistemis moqnili modelis Camoyalibebis da sakasacio sacivrebis dasasvebobis kriteriumebis garda, ertgvarovani sasamartlo praqtikis Camoyalibebis miznit, saqartvelos uzenaesi sasamartlos iniciativit, 2007 wlis 5 Tebervals Seiqmna sisxlis samartlis sasamartlo praqtikis Seswavlis, ganzogadebisa da saerto sasamartloebis mosamartleebisatvis saxelmzrvanelo winadadebebis ganmsazrvreli mudmivmoqmedi komisia, romelmac arsebuli mdgomareobis da tradiciuli demokratiis saxelmwifoebis gamocdilebis gatvaliswinebit SeimuSava saxelmzrvanelo winadadebebi (e.w. guidelines), romelsic maqsimaluradaa gatvaliswinebuli yvela SesaZlo garemoeba sisxlis samartlis kodeqsis konkretul muxltan mimartebasi da detalurad aris mititebuli, Tu ra sasjeli unda danisnos mosamar- Tlem ama Tu im muxlit piris msjavrdebis dros Sesabamisi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi.

6 amastan, 2006 wlis TebervalSi safuzveli Caeyara axal iniciativas, rac gulisxmobs saqartvelos uzenaes sasamartlosi yvela instanciis mosamar- TleTa regularuli Sexvedrebis organizebas. am Sexvedrebis mizania sasamartlo praqtikis mni- Svnelovani sakitxebis ganxilva, analizi, sxvadasxva instanciis mosamartleta gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis Sejereba da diskusiis Sedegad sisxlis, samoqalaqo Tu administraciuli samar- Tlis normata ertgvarovani gagebis Camoyalibeba, rac werilobit, rekomendaciebis saxit egzavneba yvela mosamartles. dreis mdgomareobit, saxelmzrvanelo winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba saqartvelos saerto sasamartloebis mosamar- Tleebis mier. arnisnuli saxis iniciativebi da axali sasamar- Tlo sistemis modeli did gavlenas axdens swrafi da efeqturi martlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sistemis institucionalurma cvlilebebma da ertgvarovani sasamartlo praqtikis intensiurma danergvam xeli Seuwyo sasamartloebsi saqmeta droul ganxilvasa da gadawyvetas. ukve armoifxvra sxvadasxva instanciis sasamartloebsi saqmeta wlobit ganxilvis praqtika da Sedegic askaraa: 2007 wels saqartvelos uzenaesi sasamartlos mier Catarebuli statistikuri kvlevis Tanaxmad, romlis drosac Seswavlili iqna 3000-mde saqme, irkveva, rom samive instanciis sasamartlosi saqmis ganxilvis sasualo vada 17.3 Tves Seadgens. Tu gavitvaliswinebt, rom tradiciuli demokratiis mraval saxelmwifosi saertod ar arsebobs raime SezRudva sasamartlosi saqmis ganxilvis zust vadebtan dakavsirebit da konkteruli saqmis ganxilva ert instanciasi SeiZleba weliwadze met xans gagrzeldes, saqartvelos sasamartlo sistemas sauketeso Sedegi aqvs. Sesabamisad, axali sistema xels uwyobs saqartvelosi saqmis ganxilvis kanonmdeblobit dadgenili vadebis dacvas, rac gvazlevs umnisvnelovanes Sedegs: swraf da efeqtur martlmsajulebas. 12 Other than establishment of the flexible model of the judiciary and the eligibility criteria of cassation claims, with the purpose of establishing the common judiciary practice and with the initiative of the Supreme Court of Georgia, a permanent commission has been formed on February 5, 2007 with the purpose of determining the guidelines for the judges of common courts for studying and generalizing the criminal judiciary practice. After considering the current situation and experience of the countries of traditional democracy, the commission elaborated the guidelines which envisages all the possible circumstances in reference to the particular article of the Criminal Code as much as possible, and detailed reference is provided about what punishment the judge should decide while charging a person with this or that article in case of existence or non-existence of relevant circumstances. Besides, in February, 2006 the new initiative emerged which means arrangement of regular meetings of judges of all instances at the Supreme Court of Georgia. These meetings aim at discussing and analyzing important issues of the judiciary practice, also matching the different opinions of the judges of various instances and establishing a common understanding of the norms of criminal, civil or administrative law, which is sent to all the judges in writing, as recommendations. Currently the guidelines and recommendations are actively used by the judges of the common courts of Georgia. These initiatives and the model of the new judiciary system greatly influence the administration of quick and effective justice. As it was expected, the institutional changes of the system and intensive introduction of the common judiciary practice supported the timely hearing and resolving of the cases at courts. The practice of hearing the cases for years has already been eradicated at the courts of various instances and the result is visible: in 2007 a statistical survey was held by the Supreme Court of Georgia, 3,000 cases were studied and it was revealed that the average term for hearing a case at the courts of all the instances is 17.3 months. Considering that in many states of traditional democracy there is no limit regarding the exact deadlines for case hearing, and hearing of one certain case might be protracted up to a year at one instance, the results of the judiciary system of Georgia is impressive. Correspondingly, the new system supports to observing the timeframes for case hearing in Georgia as determined by the legislation, which brings us a significant result: quick and effective justice. II. saqartvelos iusticiis umarlesi sabwo reformis ert-erti prioriteti, saqartvelos iusticiis umarlesi sabwos reorganizacia massi mosamartleta raodenobis gazrdisa da, saer- Tod, mosamartleta "xmis" gazlierebis miznit, faqtobrivad dasrulebulia. iusticiis umarlesi sabwo, romelsac Tavmjdomareobs uzenaesi sasamartlos Tavmjdomare, arar warmoadgens prezidentis satatbiro organos da Camoyalibda sasamartlo sistemis martvis damoukidebel organod. sasamartlo xelisuflebasi Semavali umni- Svnelovanesi uflebamosilebebis mqone am organos kompetenciasi Sedis sasamartlo biujetis Sedgena, materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa da misi kontroli, mosamartlis Tanamdebobaze danisvna, Tanamdebobidan gantavisufleba, gadawyvetilebis mireba mosamartleta waxalisebis Sesaxeb, disciplinuri samartalwarmoebis ganxorcieleba mosamartleebis mimart, sasamar- Tlos moxeleta samsaxursi mireba da a.s. iusticiis umarlesi sabwo High Council of Justice 13 II. HIGH COUNCIL OF JUSTICE OF GEORGIA One of the priorities of the reform, which aimed at reorganizing the High Council of Justice through increasing the number of judges and, in general, strengthening the 'voices' of judges, is in fact completed. The High Council of Justice, chaired by the Chairman of the Supreme Court, does not represent the President's advisory body any more and it has been established as an independent body in charge of management of the judiciary system. This is the body of greatest authority in the judicial power, and its competence is to draw up the judiciary budget, provide with and control the material and technical resources, appoint and release judges, make decisions about promotion of judges, initiate disciplinary administration of justice against judges, employ court personnel, etc. sakonferencio darbazi Conference Hall

7 arsanisnavia, rom iusticiis umarlesi sabwos daarsebidan, anu 1997 wlidan dremde, mosamar- Tleebi yoveltvis umciresobasi iyvnen wlis sakonstitucio cvlilebebita da mimdinare wlis ivnissi sakanonmdeblo aqtebsi Setanili cvlilebebit, 2007 wlis 2 ivlisidan iusticiis umarlesi sabwos Semadgenloba ganisazrvra 15 wevrit, romeltagan 9 moqmedi mosamartlea. am mosamartleebs (garda uzenaesi sasamartlos Tavmjdomarisa, romelic sabwos Tavmjdomarea), sabwos wevrebad (mat Soris sabwos mdivansac) ir- Cevs saqartvelos mosamartleta konferencia. Sesabamisad, mosamartleebi iusticiis umarles sabwosi, umravlesobasi arian da nebismieri saki- Txis ganxilvisas gadamwyvetia mati pozicia. es ki mosamartleta damoukideblobis kidev erti mni- Svnelovani garantiaa. iusticiis umarlesi sabwo 15 wevri HIGH COUNCIL OF JUSTICE 15 MEMBERS It is noteworthy that since its establishment in 1997, the judges at the High Council of Justice have always represented the minority till today. With the constitutional amendments of 2006 and the amendments to the legislative acts made in June, it was determined to have 15 members within the High Council of Justice since July 2, 2007, 9 of whom are acting judges. These judges (except the Chairman of the Supreme Court, who is a Chairman of the Council) are elected the Council Members (among them the Council Secretary too) by the Conference of Judges of Georgia. Correspondingly, the judges represent the majority within the High Council of Justice and their position is decisive for solving any issue. This represents one more important guarantee for independence of judges. III. disciplinuri samartalwarmoeba `saqartvelos saerto sasamartloebis mosamar- TleTa disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobisa da disciplinuri samartalwarmoebis Sesaxeb~ saqar- Tvelos kanonit dadgenilia mosamartleta disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis safuzvlebi. kanonis Tavdapirveli redaqciit gatvaliswinebuli iyo disciplinuri samartalwarmoebis rtuli da ramdenimesafexuriani procedura, rac iwvevda samartalwarmoebis usafuzvlo gawianurebas wels, veneciis komisiis rekomedaciebis ga- TvaliswinebiT, kanonsi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebit mnisvnelovnad gamartivda da daixvewa disciplinuri samartalwarmoeba. reformirebuli iusticiis umrlesi sabwos struqtura Seesabameba evropis ministrta komitetis mier 1994 wlis 13 oqtombers mirebul rekomendacias mosamartleta damoukidebloba, efeqtianoba da roli, romlis mixedvitac, mosamartleta mier Cadenili disciplinuri darrvevebi unda Seamowmos Sesabamisma damoukidebelma da kompetenturma organom. III. DISCIPLINARY ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE The fundamentals for the disciplinary responsibilities of judges are defined by the law of Georgia on Disciplinary Administration of Justice and Disciplinary Responsibilities of Judges of Common Courts of Georgia. The first version of the law envisaged the complicated and multistage procedure of the disciplinary administration of justice, which caused the unsubstantiated protraction of administration of justice. In 2007, considering the recommendations of the Venice Commission, the disciplinary administration of justice has been significantly simplified and refined with the amendments made to the law. The reformed structure of the High Council of Justice corresponds to the recommendation received from the European Committee of Ministers on October 13, 1994 Independence, Effectiveness and Roles of Judges, according to which the disciplinary offences committed by judges should be examined by the relevant independent and competent body. aramosamartle 6 wevri NON-JUDGE 6 MEMBERS mosamartle 9 wevri JUDGE 9 MEMBERS saqartvelos iusticiis umarlesi sabwos SemadgenlobaSi (15 wevri) Seiqmna sadisciplino kolegia. igi Sedgeba eqvsi wevrisagan, romeltagan sami saerto sasamartloebis mosamartlea, mosamar- Tlea aseve kolegiis Tavmjdomare. The Disciplinary Panel was formed at the High Council of Justice of Georgia (15 members). It consists of six members, three of which are the judges of the common courts of Georgia, and the chairperson of the Panel is a judge as well. ircevs 3 wevrs ELECT 3 MEMBERS ircevs 3 wevrs ELECT 3 MEMBERS sadisciplino kolegia Sedgeba 6 wevrisagan DISCIPLINARY PANEL CONSISTS OF 6 MEMBERS sadisciplino kolegiis gadawyvetilebis gasacivreba SeiZleba saqartvelos uzenaesi sasamar- Tlos sadisciplino palatasi. sadisciplino palata (igi Sedgeba uzenaesi sasamartlos sami mosamartlisagan), Tavis mxriv, warmoadgens mosamartleta discilinuri sakitxebis ganmxilvel sakasacio instanciis sasamartlos. The decision of the Disciplinary Panel can be appealed to the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia. The Disciplinary Chamber (consisting of three judges of the Supreme Court) from its side represents the court of cassation that hears the disciplinary issues of judges

8 disciplinuri samartalwarmoebis reformit mnisvnelovnad gaizarda sadisciplino palatis funqcia. adre moqmedi sistemit uzenaesi sasamartlos sadisciplino kolegia ganixilavda sa- Civars disciplinur saqmeze sakasacio sacivris farglebsi, anu ar xdeboda saqmis gamokvleva, kolegia ar iyo uflebamosili, Seecvala mosamar- TlisaTvis dakisrebuli saxdeli. dres moqmedi sadisciplino palata disciplinur saqmes ganixilavs arsebitad, sruli moculobit da igi uflebamosilia, Secvalos sadisciplino kolegiis gadawyvetileba mosamartlisatvis dakisrebuli saxdelis nawilsi. saerto sasamartloebis mosamartleta mimart disciplinuri samartalwarmoebis dawyebis erterti mnisvnelovani safuzvelia moqalaqeta gancxadebebi, mosamartlis mier disciplinuri gadacdomis Cadenis SesaZlo faqtze mititebit wlis statistika: The reform of the disciplinary administration of justice resulted in the significant expansion of the function of the Disciplinary Chamber. With the former system the Disciplinary Panel of the Supreme Court of Georgia reviewed the claims on disciplinary issues within the cassation frameworks, i.e. the case was not investigated and the panel was not authorized to amend the punishment towards the judge. Currently the acting Disciplinary Chamber reviews the disciplinary case substantially, at full extent and it is authorized to amend the decision of the Disciplinary Panel in the part stating the punishment for the judge. One of the significant grounds for initiating the disciplinary administration of justice against the judges of common courts are the applications of citizens, with the indication of the possible fact of the disciplinary offence committed by the judge. STATISTIC IN 2006: 2007 wlis 9 Tvis statistika: Semovida 889 gancxadeba (sacivari) disciplinuri devna arizra 13 sakitxze, rac Semosuli gancxadebebis 1,5% Seadgens. sadisciplino kolegiis mier ganxilulia 13 saqme 12 mosamartlis mimart, romeltagan: a) disciplinuri saxdeli SeniSvna daekisra 1 mosamartles (8,3%); b) disciplinuri saxdeli Tanamdebobidan gan- Tavisufleba Seefarda 4 mosamartles (33,3%); g) mosamartleta rezervidan amoiricxa 4 mosamartle (33,3%); d) mosamartleta rezervidan gadmoyvanis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 1 mosamar- Tlis mimart (8,3%); e) mosamartlis Tanamdebobidan gantavisuflebis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 2 mosamartlis mimart (16,7%). STATISTIC IN 2007 DURING 9 MONTH: 889 applications (claims) was filed Disciplinary prosecution was initiated on 13 issues that represent 1.5% of the filed applications. The Disciplinary Panel reviewed 13 cases against 12 judges, out of whom: a) 1 judge (8.3%) received admonition a disciplinary penalty; b)4 judges (33.3%) were dismissed from office due to the disciplinary penalty. c)4 judges (33.3%) were removed from the judges reserve list; d) Disciplinary administration of justice was terminated against 1 judge (8.3%) due to the transfer from the judges reserve list; e) Disciplinary administration of justice regarding a judge s dismissal was terminated against 2 judges (16.7%). Semovida 1851 gancxadeba (sacivari) applications (claims) was filed disciplinuri devna arizra 60 sakitxze, rac Semosuli gancxadebebis 3,2% Seadgens. sadisciplino kolegiis mier ganxilulia 56 saqme 55 mosamartlis mimart, romeltagan: a) gamartlda 10 mosamartle (18,2%) b) kerzo sarekomendacio baratit miemarta 4 mosamartles (7,3%); g) disciplinuri saxdeli SeniSvna daekisra 9 mosamartles (16,4%); d) disciplinuri saxdeli- sayveduri daekisra 13 mosamartles (23,6%); e) disciplinuri saxdeli mkacri sayveduri daekisra 3 mosamartles (5,5%); v) disciplinuri saxdeli Tanamdebobidan gan- Tavisufleba Seefarda 6 mosamartles (10,9%); z) mosamartleta rezervidan amoiricxa 2 mosamartle (3,6%); T) mosamartlis Tanamdebobidan gantavisuflebis gamo disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba Sewyda 5 mosamartlis mimart (9,1%); i) cnobil iqna braleulad, magram ar daekisra disciplinuri pasuxismgebloba da saxdeli 2 mosamartles (3,6%); k) disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis vadis gasvlis gamo Sewyda disciplinuri saqmiswarmoeba 1 mosamartlis mimart (1,8%). Disciplinary prosecution was initiated on 60 issues that represent 3.2% of the filed applications. The Disciplinary Panel reviewed 56 cases against 55 judges, out of whom: a)10 judges were acquitted (18.2%); b)4 judges (7.3%) were applied to with private letters of recommendation; c)9 judges (16.4%) received admonition a disciplinary penalty; d) 13 judges (23.6%) received reprimand a disciplinary penalty; e)3 judges (5.5%) received strict reprimand a disciplinary penalty; f) 6 judges (10.9%) were dismissed from office due to the disciplinary penalty; g) 2 judges (3.6%) were removed from the judges reserve list; h) Disciplinary administration of justice regarding a judge s dismissal was terminated against 5 judges (9.1%); i)2 judges (3.6%) were found guilty but were not charged with disciplinary responsibility or penalty; j) Disciplinary administration of justice was terminated against 1 judge (1.8%) due to expiration of the term for imposing the disciplinary responsibility. iusticiis umarlesi sabwo High Council of Justice iusticiis sabwos sxdoma - mosamartlis disciplinur pasuxisgebasi micemis Taobaze Session of the Council of Justice - on pursuing a disciplinary prosecution against a judge sadisciplino kolegia (6 wevri) Disciplinary Panel (6 members) disciplinuri samartalwarmoeba Disciplinary Administ ration of Justice gancxadeba (sacivari) Application (claim) uzenaesi sasamartlos Tavmjdomare saapelacio sasamartlos Tavmjdomare Chairman of the Supreme Court Chairman of the Court of Appeal gadawyvetileba mosamartlis disciplinur pasuxisgebasi micemis Taobaze Decision on pursuing a disciplinary prosecution against a judge uzenaesi sasamartlos sadisciplino palata (3 wevri) Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court (3 members)

9 IV. kadrebis SerCeva, mati momzadeba da gadamzadeba, iusticiis umarlesi skola sasamartlo reformis Semadgeneli yvela komponentis warmatebit ganxorcielebac ki ver mogvcems sasurvel Sedegs, Tuki ar iqna mirweuli yvelaze mtavari: sistemis dakompleqteba miuker- Zoebeli, patiosani da, rac mtavaria, kvalificiuri kadrebit. reformis am qvakutxedsi ori etapi gamoirceva: 1. gardamaval periodsi (reformis mimdinareobisas _ w.w.) mosamartleta SerCeva arsebuli modelis farglebsi gansakutrebuli yuradrebita da pasuxismgeblobit, mkafiod dadgenili kriteriumebis, kerzod, pretendentis pirovnuli maxasiateblebis, reputaciis, kvalifikaciisa da analitikuri azrovnebis safuzvelze. arnisnuli kriteriumebis gatvaliswinebit, reformis mimdinareobisas, wlebsi, Tanamdebobaze dainisna 139 axali mosamartle. 2. samomavlod mosamartleta SerCevisa da momzadebis axali sistemis Seqmna, romelic 2007 wlis oqtombridan amoqmedda iusticiis umarlesi skolis farglebsi. pirveli etapi itvaliswinebs mosamartleta korpusis Sevsebas axali kadrebit da imavdroulad, mosamartleta saerto raodenobis gazrdas jer 320-mde, rac Tavdapirvelad sakmarisi iqneba axali sistemis mteli qveynis masstabit asamoqmedeblad, Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT zrdas 400-mde, rac Seesabameba dadgenil saertasoriso standarts yovel mosaxleze 1 mosamartle. IV. HUMAN RESOURCES, THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING, HIGH SCHOOLOF JUSTICE Even the successful implementation of all the components of the court reform will not give us the desired result if the most important thing cannot be achieved: staffing the system with impartial, honest, and, more importantly, qualified human resources. Two stages stand out of this cornerstone of the reform: 1. To select judges with exceptional attention and responsibility within the frameworks of the existed model during the transition period (during the reform ) based on the strictly defined criteria, namely the personal characteristic features of a candidate, reputation, qualification and analytical thinking. Considering these criteria, 139 new judges were appointed during the reform in To create the new system of selecting and developing judges for the future, which has become effective since October 2007 within the framework of the High School of Justice. The first stage envisages staffing the body of judges with new human resources and, at the same time, increasing the total number of judges to 320 at first, which at the initial phase will be enough for activating the new system throughout the whole country, and then it will be gradually increased up to 400, which corresponds to the current international standard 1 judge per each 10,000 person wlis 1 aprilidan funqcionirebas Seudga iusticiis umarlesi skola, romelic am etapze axorcielebs Tavis ert-ert umnisvnelovanes funqcias _ moqmed mosamartleta gadamzadebas mati profesiuli srulyofis miznit. mosamartleta gadamzadebis programit 2006 wels sul Catarda 25 seminari. aqedan sami seminari mosamartlis TanaSemweebisaTvis gaimarta. saerto jamsi gadamzadebis programebs daeswro daaxlebit 550 monawile, anu sasualod TiTo seminars eswreboda 23 monawile wlidan skolam ukve srulyofilad daiwyo funqcionireba, radgan centraluri ofisis garda (Tbilisi), mwyobrsi Cadga skolis regionaluri saswavlo centrebi batumsa da wyaltubo- Si. umarles doneze garemontebul da ketilmowyobil am centrebsi mudmivad gaimarteba seminarebi rogorc moqmedi mosamartleebisatvis, ise 2007 wlis noembridan - iusticiis skolis msmeneltatvis. iusticiis umarlesi skolis SeqmniTa da amoqmedebit faqtobrivad mogvarda sasamartlo reformit gatvaliswinebuli ori umnisvnelovanesi sakitxi: The High School of Justice has started functioning since April 1, 2006 that currently implements its one of the most important functions training of acting judges with the purpose of their professional perfection. In 2006 total of 25 seminars were held according to the judges training program. Three of these seminars were held for assistant judges. In total, about 550 participants attended the training programs, or, on average, 23 participants attended each seminar. Since 2007 the School has started functioning in its full capacity as far as other than the central office (Tbilisi), the regional training centers have also become fully organized in Batumi and Tskaltubo. These centers are excellently rehabilitated and equipped, and seminars will permanently be arranged not only for judges, but also for the students of the School of Justice from November, By creating and activating the High School of Justice, in fact, two important issues envisaged in the judiciary reform have been solved: iusticiis umarlesi skola (batumi) High School of Justice (Batumi) iusticiis umarlesi skola (Tbilisi) High School of Justice (Tbilisi) iusticiis umarlesi skola (wyaltubo) High School of Justice (Tskaltubo)

10 1.mosamarTleTa gadamzadebisa da kvalifikaciis amarlebisatvis aucilebeli specialuri programis SemuSaveba da amoqmedeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, mosamartleta damoukideblobisa da miukerzoeblobis kidev erti garantiaa. es aris skolis ert-erti funqcia, rac itvaliswinebs winaswar, wlis dasawyissi dagegmili grafikis mixedvit mosamartletatvis gadamzadebis kursebis Catarebas. TiToeuli mosamartle wlis ganmavlobasi, sul mcire, orjer mainc CaerTveba am swavleba- Si,sadac specialuri metodikit (kanonmdeblobis analizi, uzenaesi sasamartlos praqtikis ganxilva, konkretuli kazusebis safuzvelze problemis Seswavla da a.s.) mat miewodebat specialistebis mier momzadebuli masala; 2. mosamartleta SerCevisa da danisvnis axali modelis Seqmna, romelic itvaliswinebs kandidatis Caricxvas skolis msmenelad da mis srulyofil momzadebas 14 Tvis ganmavlobasi. evropis sabwos eqspertebis monawileobit ukve SemuSavda msmenelta saswavlo programa. Catarda ramdenime specialuri seminari skolis leqtorebisatvis, ganisazrvra swavlebis metodika da am mimartulebit skola funqcionirebas daiwyebs 2007 wlis noembridan, roca skolasi Cairicxebian pirveli msmenelebi. 1. Elaboration and application of special programs necessary for training judges and for upgrading their qualification that, from its side, represents another guarantee for independence and impartiality of judges. This is one of the functions of the school that envisages holding the training courses for judges according to the schedule planned in advance in the beginning of the year. During a year each judge will take part in the training program at least twice, where the material prepared by trainers will be delivered to them through the special methodology (analysis of legislation, review of the practice of the Supreme Court, study of the problem based on particular cases, etc); 2.Creation of the new model of selecting and appointing judges, which envisages enrollment of the candidates as students at the school and their complete development for 14 months. With participation of the experts of the Council of Europe, the training program for students has already been elaborated. Several special seminars were arranged for school lecturers, the teaching methodology was determined and the School will start functioning in this direction since November, 2007, when the first students are enrolled at school. V. sasamartlo sistemis biujeti sasamartlos reformis ganxorcielebis ert-er- Ti umnisvnelovanesi winapirobaa reformis finansuri da materialuri uzrunvelyofa. sasamar- Tlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad, pirvel rigsi, swored misi finansuri damoukidebloba unda iqnes garantirebuli. reformis farglebsi gatvaliswinebulia mosamartleta xelfasebis mkvetri zrda, rac sasamartlo xelisuflebis damoukideblobis erterti ZiriTadi garantiaa, agretve sasamar- TloebSi samusao pirobebis gaumjobeseba, ertiani kompiuteruli qselis Seqmna, samartalwarmoebis eleqtronuli sistemebis danergva, materialur-teqnikuri bazis gadaxaliseba da evropul standartebamde miyvana. swored am miznit sasamartlo sistemis biujeti 19 milioni larit gaizarda _ 14,4 milioni laridan 2005 wels 33,2 milion laramde 2006 wels. aseve gaizarda mosamartleta xelfasi, romelic 2007 wlis 1 ianvridan I instanciis sasamartloebsi 1550 laria (minimaluri xelfasi), sasualod 2000 lari _ saapelacio sasamartloebsi da 3000-dan 4000 laramde uzenaes sasamartlosi wlis biujeti ki 34,4 milion lars Seadgens. V. BUDGET OF THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM Another significant prerequisite for implementing the court reform is to ensure the financial and material provision of the reform. Besides, for ensuring the independence of the judicial power, first of all their financial independence should be guaranteed. Within the frameworks of the reform it is envisaged to increase the salaries of judges significantly, which represents one of the basic guarantees independence of the judicial power, also, it is necessary to improve working conditions at courts, material and technical resources and make it closer to the European standards. With this purpose, the budget of the judiciary system has been increased by 19 million GEL from 14.4 million GEL in 2005 to 33.2 million GEL in Also, the salaries of judges have increased, which has been 1,550 GEL (minimum salary) at the court of the I instance since January 1, 2007, and on average 2,000 GEL - at courts of appeal, and 3,000-4,000 GEL at the Supreme Court. The budget of 2007 is 34.4 million GEL. saerto sasamartloebis wlebis sabiujeto saxsrebi (Tanxa milion larebsi) sqema Budgetary resources of common courts for (in million GEL) - chart mosamartleta sasualo xelfasi TveSi wlebsi (Tanxa larebsi) sqema Average monthly salaries of judges during (in GEL) - chart iusticiis umarlesi skolis darbazi seminarebisatvis (batumi) Training Hall of the High School of Justice (Batumi) 20 iusticiis umarlesi skolis darbazi seminarebisatvis (wyaltubo) Training Hall of the High School of Justice (Tskaltubo)

11

12 uzenaesi sasamartlos biujeti da mosamartleta sasualo xelfasi wlebsi sqema BUDGET OF THE SUPREME COURT AND AVERAGE SALARIES OF JUDGES IN CHART biujeti (atasi lari) VI. sasamartlo Senobebis reabilitacia da arwurva mosamartlistvis teqnikuri da materialuri pirobebis Seqmnis, martlmsajulebis Seuferxeblad da operatiulad ganxorcielebis miznit, 2006 wlidan mteli qveynis masstabit mimdinareobs sasamartlo SenobaTa intensiuri rekonstruqcia, mosamartleta da mati damxmare personalisatvis materialur-teqnikuri pirobebis Seqmna-gaumjobeseba. am mimartulebit ganxorcielebuli intensiuri samusaoebis Sedegad, 2007 wlis Semodgomaze ukve dasrulda saqartvelos 24 didi sasamartlodan (uzenaesi da saapelacio sasamartloebis CaTvliT) 21 sasamartlos sruli rekonstruqcia, mat Soris: ozurgetis, axalcixis, axalqalaqis, zugdidis, samtrediis, sacxeris, ambrolauris, zestafonis, xasuris, goris, mcxe- Tis, Telavis da sirnaris raionuli sasamar- Tloebis, agretve, Tbilisis, rustavis, qutaisis, fotisa da batumis saqalaqo sasamartloebis saremonto samusaoebi. aseve garemontda 12 magistrati sasamartlo, mat Soris axmetis, ninowmin mosamartlis sasualo xelfasi Budget (thousand GEL) Average salaries of Judges VI. REHABILITATION AND EQUIPMENT OF THE COURTHOUSES With the purpose of creating technical and material conditions to the judges, and ensuring the unimpeded and speedy administration of justice, the intensive reconstruction of courthouses, creation-improvement of the material and technical environment for judges and their support personnel have been going on throughout the country since As the result of these intensive works implemented in this direction, 21 courts out of 24 large courts of Georgia (including the Supreme Court and the courts of appeal) have been completely reconstructed for the fall of 2007, among them: Ozurgeti, Akhaltsikhe, Akhalkalaki, Zugdidi, Samtredia, Sachkhere, Ambrolauri, Zestaponi, Khashuri, Gori, Mtskheta, Telavi and Signagi district courts. Besides, Tbilisi, Rustavi, Kutaisi, Poti and Batumi city courts were also rehabilitated, and, in addition, 12 magistrate courts were repaired, among them those of Akhmeta, dis, lentexis, walkis, wyaltubos, Suaxevis, aba- Sis, dedofliswyaros da sxva. am samusaoebisa- Tvis saerto jamsi saxelmwifo biujetidan 15 milioni lari daixarja wlisatvis dagegmilia 20 sasamartlo Senobis rekonstruqcia, 2009 wlis bolos ki saremonto samusaoebi dasruldeba da sasamartlos yvela Senoba umarles doneze iqneba garemontebuli. garda amisa, yvela rekonstruirebul sasamar- TloSi sxdomis darbazebi ariwurva kompiuterebit, damontajda xmis gamazliereblebi da mikrofonebi, aseve specialuri aparatura, ritac ganxorcieldeba sasamartlo sxdomebis Cawera. mtlianad garemontda mosamartleta da aparatis musakta samusao otaxebi da TiToeuli matgani uzrunvelyofil iqna kompiuterit wlis bolomde asetive pirobebi Seiqmneba pirveli instanciis yvela 21 raionul (saqalaqo) sasamar- TloSi da daaxloebit 30 magistrat sasamartlo- Si. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos (USAID), gaeros ganvi- Tarebis programis (UNDP) finansuri mxarda- WeriT da nawilobriv sakutari resursebit aseve iqmneba sasamartlo sistemis ertiani kompiuteruli qseli, rac sabolood moxsnis dreisatvis sasamartlo sistemasi arsebul problemebs da xels Seuwyobs swrafi martlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas. ertiani kompiuteruli qselis SeqmniT: upirveles yovlisa, mogvardeba mosamartleta axali informaciit (sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis, kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis, uzenaesi sasamartlos gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb) uzrunvelyofis sakitxi. TiTieuli mosamartle gaecnoba ertgvarovani praqtikis ganmsazrvrel uzenaesi sasamartlos gadawyvetilebata programas, rac xels Seuwyobs ertiani sasamartlo praqtikis danergvasa da dainteresebuli sazogadoebis mier am gadawyvetilebata gauyovnebliv gacnobis SesaZleblobas. sasamartloebsi dainergeba ertiani eleqtronuli dokumentbrunvisa da saqmiswarmoebis sistemebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen saproceso, organizaciuli Tu sameurneo xasiatis korespondenciebis mimoqcevas. Ninotsminda, Lentekhi, Tsalka, Tskaltubo, Shuakhevi, Abasha, Dedoplistskaro, etc. The funds expended from the state budges for these works totaled 15 million GEL. By 2008 it is planned to reconstruct 20 courthouses, by the end of 2009 all the rehabilitation works will be over and all the courthouses will have received high quality repairs. Besides, the halls at all the reconstructed courthouses were equipped with computers, sound amplifiers and microphones, also special equipment were installed for taping court sessions. Working rooms of judges and the personnel have completely been repaired and each of them was provided with a computer. By the end of 2008 similar conditions will be provided in all the 21 district (city) courts of the first instance and at about 30 magistrate courts. With the financial support of USAID and UNDP, and partly by its own resources the integrated virtual network is created, which will finally solve the current problems within the judiciary system and support the quick administration of justice. By creating the integrated virtual network: First of all, the issue of providing judges with recent information (legislative amendments, information about the sublegislative normative acts and the resolution of the Supreme Court) will be solved. Each judge will get familiar with the program of resolutions of the Supreme Court for defining the common practice that will facilitate the introduction of common judiciary practice, and enable the interested people to get familiar with these resolutions immediately. The integral electronic system of document circulation and case management will be introduced at the courts, which will ensure the flow of procedural, organizational or administrative correspondence. The self-control of courts will be increased that means the procedural deadlines and violation of rules of case management will be controlled automatically. Statistical and analytical data will be processed more efficiently

13 gaizrdeba sasamartlota TviTkontroli - igulisxmeba saproceso vadebisa da saqmiswarmoebis wesis darrvevis avtomaturi kontroli. ganxorcieldeba statistikuri da analitikuri informaciis operatiuli damusaveba. uzrunvelyofili iqneba informaciis sajarooba, rac gamoixateba gadawyvetilebebis, sxdomata ganrigebisa da saqmis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb informaciis qselsi gantavsebit, romelic xelmisawvdomi iqneba nebismieri dainteresebuli moqalaqisatvis. ertian kompiuterul qselsi amjamad CarTulia 20 didi sasamartlo wlis bolomde CaerTvebian qutaisis saqalaqo da cageris raionuli sasamartloebi, xolo 2008 wels ki - bolnisisa da TeTriwyaros raionuli sasamartloebi. saqmeta ganxilvis dacqarebisa da sxdomebis Sesaxeb informaciis sizustisa da sajaroobis ama- Rlebis miznit, saqartvelos yvela sasamartlo- Si gatvaliswinebulia sasamartlo procesis teqnikuri fiqsaciis specialuri sistemis danergva. am sistemis mesveobit sinqronulad, cifrul formatsi, iwereba sxdomis mimdinareoba, xolo sxdomis damtavrebistanave xorcieldeba sasamartlo procesis Cawera kompaqt-diskze da sxdomis mokle oqmis amobewdva, romelic daer- Tvis saqmes. sxdomis audio Canaweri SiZleba waki- Txul iqnas nebismier multimediur kompiuterze. arnisnuli sistema ukve moqmedebs saqar- Tvelos uzenaes sasamartlosa da rustavis saqalaqo sasamartlosi wlis bolomde ki amoqmeddeba sxva sasamartloebsic. es kidev ufro daacqarebs procesebis warmartvas da, Sesabamisad, swrafi martlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas Seuwyobs xels. SeiZleba itqvas, rom reformis Sedegad saqar- TveloSi yalibdeba evropuli standartebis mqone sasamartloebi, Tanamedrove Senoba-nagebobebiTa da Tanamedrove teqnikuri arwurvilobit, rac mosamartlisatvis musaobis sauketeso pirobebs izleva. aseti tipis sasamartloebi ki uewvelad imsaxurebs mosaxleobis, sazogadoebis mxridan pativiscemas da sasamartlosadmi mokr- Zalebas, rac saboloo jamsi, sxva faqtorebis ga- TvaliswinebiT, gadamwyvet Sedegs moitans: sasamartlosadmi xalxis absolutur ndobas. 26 Publicity of information will be guaranteed, which means that the information about court resolutions, trial schedules and case proceedings will be posted on network and be available for any interested citizen. Currently 20 large courts are connected to the integrated virtual network. Kutaisi City Court, also Tsageri district court will be connected by the end of 2007, and Bolnisi and Tetritskaro district courts in With the purpose of speeding up the case hearings and enhancing the accuracy and publicity of information about sessions, it is envisaged to introduce a special system of technical fixation of trials at all the courts of Georgia. This system will make it possible to record the trial simultaneously in a digital format, and as soon as the trial is over, it will be burned on the CD and short protocol of the trial will be printed out to be attached to the case. It will be possible to read the audio record of the session on any multimedia computer. These systems are already operational at the Supreme Court of Georgia and Rustavi City Court. By the end of 2008 it will be installed in other courts as well. This will speed up trial proceedings more and, correspondingly, will support to quick administration of justice. It is possible to say that as the result of the reforms there will be courts in Georgia that meet European standards, with up-to-date buildings and constructions and up-to-date technical equipment, which provides best working environment for judges. Such courts deserve respect and esteem from the population and society, which, ultimately, considering other factors, will result in a decisive outcome: absolute trust of the people in the judiciary. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamartlo Tbilisi Court of Appeal 27

14 qutaisis saapelacio sasamartlo Kutaisi Court of Appeal rustavis saqalaqo sasamartlo Rustavi City Court BbaTumis saqalaqo sasamartlo Batumi City Court mcxetis raionuli sasamartlo Mtskheta District Court 28 29

15 sacxeris raionuli sasamartlo Sachkhere District Court goris raionuli sasamartlo Gori District Court xasuris raionuli sasamartlo Khashuri District Court samtrediis raionuli sasamartlo Samtredia District Court

16 zestafonis raionuli sasamartlo Zestafoni District Court zugdidis raionuli sasamartlo Zugdidi District Court axalcixis raionuli sasamartlo Akhaltsikhe District Court 32 ozurgetis raionuli sasamartlo 33 Ozurgeti District Court

17 axalqalaqis raionuli sasamartlo Akhalkalaki District Court Telavis raionuli sasamartlo Telavi District Court ninowmidis magistrati sasamartlo Ninotsmina Magistrate Court sirnaris raionuli sasamartlo Signagi District Court Terjolis magistrati sasamartlo Terjola Magistrate Court 34 35

18 abasis magistrati sasamartlo Abasha Magistrate Court Suaxevis magistrati sasamartlo Shuakhevi Magistrate Court wyaltubos magistrati sasamartlo Tskaltubo Magistrate Court axmetis magistrati sasamartlo Akhmeta Magistrate Court 36 37

19 iusticiis umarlesi skola (batumi) High School of Justice (Batumi) iusticiis umarlesi skola (wyaltubo) High School of Justice (Tskaltubo) 38 39

20 VIII. sasamartlo da sazogadoeba VIII. THE COURT AND THE PUBLIC VII. wesrigis dacva sasamartlosi mravali saxelmwifos gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, 2006 wlis ianvridan pirvelad saqartvelos istoriasi sasamartlo sistemasi amoqmedda mandaturis instituti. mandaturi uzrunvelyofs mosamartlisa da procesis monawileebis usafrtxoebas, icavs wesrigs sasamartlos SenobaSi da sxdomis darbazebsi procesis mimdinareobisas. sasamartlos mandaturi uflebamosilia, arasrulos mosamartlis brzaneba wesrigis darrvevisa da sasamartlosadmi upativcemulobis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi piris 50-dan 500 laramde TanxiT dajarimebis, darbazidan misi gazevebis an 30 dremde dapatimrebis Taobaze. mandaturis samsaxuri moqmedebs saqartvelos uzenaes sasamartlosi, Tbilisisa da qutaisis saapelacio da saqalaqo sasamartloebsi, aseve Tvramet raionul (saqalaqo) sasamartlosa da cxra magistrat sasamartlosi wlis bolomde ki amoqmeddeba saqartvelos yvela sasamartlosi. VII. KEEPING THE ORDER AT COURT Considering the experience of many countries, and for the first time in the history of Georgia the institute of a Mandaturi (Court-Martial) has been introduced at the judiciary system since January The Mandaturi will ensure safety of judges and trial participants; will keep order at the courthouse and session halls during the trial. In case of showing disrespect towards the court and violating the order at court the Mandaturi is authorized to execute the order of a judge about imposing the fine of GEL, dismissing a person from the hall or arresting such person for the term up to 30 days. The Mandaturi service is functioning at the Supreme Court of Georgia, at Tbilisi and Kutaisi appellate and city courts, also at eighteen district (city) courts and nine magistrate courts. It will also start functioning in all the courts of Georgia by the end of sasamartlos mandaturi Court Mandaturi sasamartlo sistemis gamwvirvaloba, sajaroobis principis uzrunvelyofa da sazogadoebastan urtiertoba am reformis warmatebis ert-erti mnisvnelovani pirobaa. seriozuli nabiji gadaidga sasamartlosa da sazogadoebas Soris gamwvirvale urtiertobis dasamyareblad da sasamartloebsi spiker mosamartlis instituti amoqmedda. msgavsi praqtika ukve damkvid-- rebulia dasavletis qveynebsi. spiker mosama-- rtlis mesveobit sasamartlos aqvs sasualeba, sazogadoebas Tavisi pozicia gaacnos. spiker mosamartlestan dakavsireba uzenaesi sasamar-- Tlos veb-gverdis mesveobitac aris SesaZle-- beli: garda amisa, dritidre ixveweba sasamartlosa da mediis urtiertoba, rac sasamartlosa da sazogadoebas Soris civilizebuli kontaqtis Camoyalibebiskenaa mimartuli. Catarda araerti treningi, romlebzec sxvadasxva instanciis spikermosamartleebi da mediis warmomadgenlebi ertoblivad ganixilavdnen iset sakitxebs, rogoricaa sajaro gamosvla da prezentacia, efeqturi da damarwmunebeli komunikacia, sasamartlosa da mas-medias Soris dialogis aucilebloba, sasamartlo Jurnalistika. gaimarta imitirebuli sasamartlo procesebi, romlebzec Jurnalistebi gamodiodnen mosamartleebis, advokatebis da bralmdeblis rolsi. arnisnuli saxis treningebi mnisvnelovania mas-mediis informirebistvis samosamartlo saqmianobis specifikis Sesaxeb, ris Sedegadac sazogadoebas miewodeba obieqturi informacia. amis ert-erti dasturia is garemoebac, rom Jurnalistebma, mosamartlis rolsi yofnisas, ertxmad ariares sasamartlosi mar- Tlwesrigis dacvis mxriv mandaturis mnisvnelovani roli mosamartlis saqmianobasa da Sesabamisad martlmsajulebis Seuferxeblad ganxorcielebasi Transparency and public relations of the judiciary system and provision of the principle of publicity represent one of the important conditions of the success of this reform. A significant step has been made towards establishing the transparent relationship between the court and the society, and the institute of the Speaker Judge has been activated at courts. Similar practice has already been introduced in western countries. Through speaker judges the court will have a chance to make its position known to the society. It is also possible to contact speaker judges on the web-site of the Supreme Court: Besides, the relationship of the court and the media is improving day by day, which is directed to establishing a civilized contact between the court and the public. Many trainings have been conducted where the speaker-judges of various instances and media representatives jointly discussed the issues such as public speaking and presentation, effective and persuasive communication, necessity of the dialogue between the court and the mass-media, judiciary journalism. There were mock-trials where the journalists acted as judges, lawyers and prosecutors. Such trainings are important for informing the mass-media about the specifics of judicial activities, which result in the delivery of unbiased information to the public. One of its proofs is that the journalists, while playing the role of judges unanimously recognized the importance of court-martials in regards to keeping the order at courts, also for ensuring the unimpeded implementation of activities of judges and for administration of justice.

21 treningebze aseve mnisvnelovani yuradreba mieqca efeqturi komunikaciisa da kamerastan ur- TierTobis unar-cvevebis daxvewas da ganvitarebas spiker mosamartleebsi. amjamad, sasamartloebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebas intensiurad miewodeba informacia, rogorc spiker-mosamartleebis, aseve sasamar- TloTa pressamsaxurebis mier. aseve moqmedebs satelevizio proeqti, romlitac Tavad sasamar- Tloebis mier gadarebuli videomasala yovelkvireulad gadis etersi. proeqti sasualebas azlevs sazogadoebas miiros informacia yvela im saintereso siaxlis Sesaxeb, romelic sasamar- Tlos ukavsirdeba da miznad isaxavs sazogadoebis cnobierebis amarlebas sasamartlo sistemasi mimdinare procesebze, sazogadoebasi samartlebrivi qcevis wesebis Camoyalibebas da samartlebrivi Segnebis ganvitarebas. yovelive zemoarnisnulis safuzvelze, SeiZleba Tamamad itqvas, rom reformis ZiriTadi prioritetebi - martlmsajulebis Seuferxeblad ganxorcielebisatvis mandaturis samsaxuris Seqmna sasamartlo sistemasi wesrigis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad, sasamartlosa da sazogadoebis Soris urtiertobis gaumjobesebistvis progresuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba da spiker-mosamartleebis institutis SemoReba, warmatebit ganxorcielda. The trainings also made special focus on acquiring and refining the skills of effective communication and for working with camera among speaker judges. Currently the society is intensively provided with the information about the activities of courts by speaker judges and press-services of courts as well. There is also a TV project where the video material, taped by the courts themselves, is broadcasted every week. The project enables the public get informed about all the interesting novelties that is related to the court and aims at raising awareness of the people regarding the processes going on within the judiciary, also at developing the judicial behavior among the society and raising their legal awareness as well. Based on all the above-mentioned it is possible to say that the main priorities of the reform creation of Mandaturi service for ensuring the unimpeded administration of justice and for keeping order within the judiciary, implementation of progressive projects for improving relationships between the court and the public, and introduction of the institute of speaker-judges have been implemented successfully. spikermosamartleebis wardgena Presentation of Speaker Judges spikermosamartlis brifingi Briefing of Speaker Judge 40