"Sharing experience of natural disasters between Japan and Thailand

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1 Public seminar "Sharing experience of natural disasters between Japan and Thailand Prof.Dr.Noriko Okubo (Osaka University) Assoc.Prof.Dr.Tamiyo Kondo (Kobe University) Asst.Prof.Dr.Tavida Kamolvej (Thammasat University) Sat. 28 th January Room : Po.103 Faculty of Political Science Thammasat University, Tha Prachan, Bangkok

Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation for

2 Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation for next flood What Japan has learned from past disasters?. Great Hanshin Earthquake(1995), Kobe Hurricane Katrina (2005), New Orleans Eastern Japan Earthquake(2011) Jan.28 th 2012 Tamiyo KONDO, Ph.D Kobe University, JAPAN

3 Eastern Japan Earthquake(2011) Human Loss : 16,131 death and 3,240 missing Economic Loss : 210 billion (US$) Source) New York Times

5 Devastating earthquakes and weather related catastrophes have made 2011 the most expensive year Eastern JAPAN(2011) 2011 Thai Flood Kobe(1995) Katrina(2005) 2011 Thailand Flood ranked as World's fourth costliest disaster

6 Presentation Outline What do we have to protect from disaster? 1. Save human lives 2. Protect assets and property 3. Swiftly restore business and products 4. Restore livelihood of those affected Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Disaster Reduction=Mitigation + Preparedness Disaster Prevention=Mitigation What JAPAN has learned from past disasters and what has improved?

7 Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995) Picture from Kobe University

Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995) Severe damage of Wooden Structure Single-Family Detached Housing Vulnerability= Old wooden structure without

8 Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995) Severe damage of Wooden Structure Single-Family Detached Housing Vulnerability= Old wooden structure without seismic safety Most of human loss was caused by housing collapse Providing grant by government sector for individual home to conduct seismic retrofitting

9 Who rescued people under collapsed housing? Policeman, 警察消防 Fireman, Self-Defense 自衛隊 Army ,000 27,000 15,000 Neighbors 市民 We learned the importance of mutual help by community source)kawata, Y., 1996, Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake disaster and their integration post disaster analysis after 1 year 10 month passed, Journal of Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science, 15, pp (in Japanese)

Hazard > Vulnerability = Source) New York Times http://www.

10 Hazard > Vulnerability = Source) New York Times

12 Japan s tallest and longest tsunami wall "Great Wall of China 10m high and 2433m long

13 The village of Taro built Japan's largest tsunami wall, which stands 10 meters high. It's not financially viable to build even higher walls Instead of focusing on building better physical defenses, the residents of these communities have to prepare themselves mentally to respond to such disasters. The more the government focused on building tsunami walls, setting up early warning systems and the like, the less aware residents were of the dangers of their situation. It was quite a paradox.

14 Mitigation and Preparedness No Damage Some Damage Severe Damage Size of Destructive Power Source) DRS, DPRI Kyoto University Set the limitation by mitigation Acceptable Risk Limitation of disaster prevention Frequency

15 2011 Thailand Flood damage The floods claimed the lives of some 800 people Upwards of 2.8 million homes sustained various levels of flood inundation and vast expanses of farmland flooded Economic damage was estimated at more than 200 billion baht ($40 billion). More than 14,800 industrial and manufacturing plants were damaged by floods in 20 separate provinces. Approximately 25% of the world's supply of components for computer hard drives was directly impacted by the floods.

16 Physical Vulnerability Physical Vulnerability: Bangkok is low elevation above sea level and prone to flooding. Long-term inundation causes discontinuation of economic activities and impacts the lives of the people. Our society needs to develop disaster reduction strategy to reduce the risk of long-term inundation through mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Source) Kyodo News/AP

17 What do we have to protect from disaster? 1. Save human lives 2. Protect assets and property 3. Swiftly restore business and production 4. Restore livelihood of those affected

18 Why couldn t we stop this death? (1) Save human lives Disaster reduction is a practical discipline that is all about saving lives. By listening to the voices of the dead we can work out how to save other lives the next time Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11 Figure 1. Transition of fatalities source: Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation death

19 Protect urban Historic cultural Preservation assets from disasters (2)Protect assets and property Source ) UNESCO/R. Manowalailao Establish the necessary knowledge and technology to protect cultural heritage for future generations.

20 Source)Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan Univ.

21 Source) Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage

Vehicles at a Honda car factory are submerged (3)Swiftly restore business and production The cut off in supply chain links, where Thailand plays a major role in the manufacture of components for

22 Vehicles at a Honda car factory are submerged (3)Swiftly restore business and production The cut off in supply chain links, where Thailand plays a major role in the manufacture of components for electronics, auto assembly lines and textiles, has had a particularly devastating impact. If Thai government cannot conduct adequate mitigation and preparedness in the near future, it is difficult to boost investor confidence. Source ) Kyodo News/AP

23 Our challenge is to sustain our business and politics continuity in Tokyo where many companies headquarter and the center of Japan's government exist Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake

24 Source) Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2005, Business Continuity Guidelines What is Business Continuity Management? Early resume operation Minimize the damage

25 Characteristics of Good Practice in Business Continuity A plan is developed in anticipation of great damage that might have significant adverse effects on business. It is recognized that the resources to be used after a disaster are limited, and efforts should to concentrate on critical operations. Important factors (bottlenecks) are identified that are essential for the continuity of critical operations, and which would take time and labor for re-procurement and recovery, and might prevent recovery, and are dealt with selectively. A target recovery time is set for critical operations and advanced preparations are made for its achievement through a coordinated approach. Source) Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2005, Business Continuity Guidelines

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/10/thailand_flood_reaches_bangkok.

26 Social Vulnerability Social Vulnerability: Why didn t they evacuate earlier?? No adequate information? No where to evacuate? No understanding of danger?

27 The step of Evacuation (4) Restore livelihood of those affected The step of evacuation :It will take at least 1hour 1. Understanding the situation 2. Decide to evacuate and prepare (pack up one's stuff and wait for families) 3. Evacuate People have to make decision to evacuate early enough to keep them safe. For this decision making, local government has to disseminate information and issue an evacuation order.

28 What kind of information dose government has to disseminate and how? (4) Restore livelihood of those affected (4) When does people have to evacuate safely and to where? (People have to know where to evacuate BEFORE flooding) Not only telling them You have to evacuate! but also provide them scientific information on hazard and expected damage It is important to make them understand why they have to evacuate. Wrong response Hold back information Not do anything until the last minute by fear of missed swing Even if it was missed swing, you can explain why the government decided to issue an evacuation order

29 Understanding the hazard and evacuation Hazard Mapping Local government distribute map indicating flood hazard and where to evacuate to all households.

30 Disaster Reduction Mapping understanding vulnerability and response

Disaster Reduction Education is important No miracle that 99.8% of the schoolkids survived(2011.03.11) Prof.

they have learned to their parents and the community at large. 1.

31 Disaster Reduction Education is important No miracle that 99.8% of the schoolkids survived( ) Prof. Toshitaka Katada has been working with teachers to provide disaster education for 8 years If you reach the kids they tend to pass on what they have learned to their parents and the community at large. 1. Disaster Reduction Mapping Where and How to evacuate safely, understand hazard 2. Training for evacuation You have to assess the situation for yourself and act accordingly. 3. Disaster Reduction Class in school

32 Evacuation and Sheltering (4) Restore livelihood of those affected It is important to protect peoples' lives and assist their temporary shelter stay to keep them safe for short period. Local government has to prepare flood evacuation and sheltering plan, and also, citizens have to learn how they should evacuate before the flood safely through disaster reduction education program. One pre-designated shelter in one community in walking distance

33 Evacuees received dinner at an evacuation center How to manage shelter, and who is responsible for it? Source) New York Times

34 Evacuees waited for food at a temporary shelt Source) New York Times

35 Shelter management (4) Restore livelihood of those affected Who is responsible for shelter management in JAPAN? Local government, facility manager (school teachers), community leaders, non-government sector, volunteers etc. Each roles are discussed in local government level and indicated in Local Disaster Reduction Plan It is important to involve evacuees to manage the shelter stay such as distributing foods, supplies and cleaning the shelter, especially when length of stay get longer in terms of independency and shortage of managers

36 Emergency And Rescue Team school staff in Hyogo (EARTH) by

37 An estimated 440,000 people are living in shelters or evacuation centers. How can we improve the living condition in the shelter? Source) New York Times

38 Evacuees at a school gymnasium How can we design shelter as temporary home? Source) New York Times

39 Care for diverse needs in shelter in JAPAN Special Shelter for elderly Protect Privacy for families Care for women Changing cloths, breath feeding

40 undreds of thousands remain homeless, squeezed into temporary elters without heat, warm food or medicine We have to stock supplies and foods in the shelter BEFORE disaster. Source) New York Times

41 A plea for help was drawn on the grounds of a local high school. We cannot expect HELP when disaster is catastrophic. How to prepare and response by individually and communities? Source) New York Times

42 People waiting in line for water on the grounds of a school in Sendai. Source) New York Times

43 disaster preparedness storage in local community = Mutual help preparedness disaster preparedness backpacks for home =Self help preparedness

44 Finding families and friends in shelter Do you talk with your families Where to evacuate and meet?

45 Sharing the information among family Talk with families where to evacuate and meet Disaster Emergency Message Dial by NTT NTT =Nippon Telephone Corporation

46 Self-Help, Mutual-Help, Gov.-Help Self-Help Individuals protecting themselves Retrofitting house Prepare disaster preparedness backpacks Understanding the hazard Understanding where and how to evacuate safely in disaster reduction Mutual-Help Protecting other citizens How to help each other to evacuate and rescue people Flood Hazard and Evacuation Mapping Understanding the vulnerability of community Physical Gov.-Help Improving community infrastructure and develop Citizens Capabilities Promote disaster education Prepare Local Disaster Reduction Plan and Action Plan Flood control Social INVOLVE ALL Stakeholders in disaster reduction: Policy Makers, Public official, Professionals, Entrepreneurs, Educator, Community Leaders, Mass Media

10 Worst Disasters (fatalities) in the past 3 decades

Kenji Okazaki, Professor Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University, Japan 1 10 Worst Disasters (fatalities) in the past 3 decades Nation Disaster Year Death 1 Indonesia, others Eq/tsunami