Girls on the Move: Adolescent girls & migration in the developing world. Miriam Temin Mark R. Montgomery
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2 Girls on the Move: Adolescent girls & migration in the developing world Miriam Temin Mark R. Montgomery
3 Girls on the Move Why girls? Why urban? Why migration? PHOTO: OLLIVIER GIRARD
4 The evidence More than 150 DHS surveys More than 60 census micro-samples 16 commissioned research reports Extensive literature review But more is needed
5 What we ll talk about today Characteristics of migrant girls Benefits of migration Migration from a girl s perspective Current programs and policies Action agenda
6 Many urban girls are recent migrants Population censuses: 5% to 30% PHOTO: PALANI MOHAN DHS: Higher percentages; up to 80% in some countries
7 What do we know about these girls? Who moves? Why do they move? PHOTO: JANE HAHN
8 Migration: rural-to-urban vs. urban-to-urban
9 Migration can bring: Greater autonomy Greater voice for girls within families PHOTO: JANE HAHN
10 Migration can provide: New opportunities for schooling and skill building PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL
11 Enrollment levels: Urban migrant and non-migrant girls
12 Safe migration can lead to: Prosperity for individuals and families More equitable gender norms PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL
13 Perception vs. Reality Most extreme risks More common risks Benefits PHOTO: PHIL BORGES
14 Migrant girls challenge myths DECIDING TO MOVE I decided myself to leave and come here because I want to help my family because they are poor. Phuong, 18, Vietnam PHOTO: BUSSARAWAN TEERAWICHITCHAINAN
15 Migrant girls challenge myths DECIDING TO STAY IN THE CITY I intend to continue my education! I would like to go back but not without any skills or a proper job here in Accra. Even if I get money now, I will not return until I have had some skills. If I return without any skills, I would have wasted my time here. Zuera, 19, Accra PHOTO: RICHARD LORD
16 Before departure Influence of returned migrants Media portrayal of city life Unrealistic expectations
17 When she came back, she was very beautiful and she had money, so I knew no matter how difficult life might be in the cities, you can t compare it with village life. So, I was waiting for an opportunity to come to the city. Sabina, 17, Tanzania
18 In transit Possibly riskiest part of migration Distance matters Most girls travel with companion Importance of money, information
19 I did not have enough money for bus fare. I had to sit on the floor in the bus for two days. I only had one dress. I was so scared and hungry. I cried. I didn t know where I was going. Only the bus driver knew. Neema, 12, Tanzania
20 Upon arrival Social support? Slums? Social services but access?
21 The difficulty I got was where to spend the night for the first nights, since I didn t know anyone and I really didn t know where I was going Bad boys stole my bag, but fortunately I had kept the money in my underpants. Zamda, 16, Tanzania
22 Migrant girls are significantly less likely to be related to the head of the household than their non-migrant peers
23 Limited employment options The 3 Ds Service industry Entertainment industry Factories
24 PHOTO: SHARAT CHOWDHURY
25 PHOTO: OLLIVIER GIRARD
26 Current programs and policies Small scale Reactive, not proactive Miss the mark
27 The diversity of adolescent girls requires a variety of responses
28 Take action for migrant girls Create opportunities for connections Fill critical evidence gaps Increase migrant girls visibility through policy and advocacy PHOTO: MELODIE MCDANIEL
29 What would success look like? Girls migrate for the right reasons Transit period less risky Migrant girls safely & rapidly included in social structures & programs PHOTO: POPULATION COUNCIL
30 The Population Council conducts biomedical, social science, and public health research. We deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world.
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