Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project

Transcription

1 ADB Loan-2709 PRC Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project Gender Action Plan Project Completion Report (G108) (Gender and Development) December 2013 Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau

2 Gender Action Plan Completion Report December 2013 Loan No PRC: Yunnan Integrated Road Network Development Project Gender Action Plan Project Completion Report (G108) (Gender and Development) Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the Asian Development Bank i

3 Content ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CONCISE SUMMARY I. Subproject Background... 1 A. Subproject Overview:... 1 B. Socioeconomic status of the subproject site... 1 II. Gender and road maintenance... 2 III. Gender Mainstreaming... 4 IV. Implementing Schedule... 4 V. Relevant policies, laws and regulations... 4 VI. GAP Progress... 5 VII. Conclusion and Recommendations VIII. Pictures taken on-site v ii

4 The gender action plan progress report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of Asian Development Bank Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. iii

5 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following parties for their support and guidance on data collection and the preparation of this report: 1. We would like to thank Mr. Shen Haiping, the Deputy director general of YHAB, Mr. Zhang Shijun and Ms. Wu Likun. Yunnan Road Science Research Institute, Kunming General Section, officers and staff from G108 steering office also pay tremendous time and efforts in helping collecting data and preparing the report. The residents along the maintained road sections cooperated and supported the project as well as providing us with a great many of value suggestion. Moreover, we would thank ADB for reviewing the report. 2. Also, we need to express our gratitude to the related design institutes, supervision units, contractor and other related personnel and experts participated in feasibility study, designing and project preparation technical assistance as well as the making of maintenance schedule. iv

6 CONCISE SUMMARY I. Overview of road maintenance conducted by YHAB The road maintenance project conducted by YHAB is km long. There are 7 contracts contain km road maintenance which is financed by ADB with 20 million USD together with government counterpart. The project was planned to implement from Jan, 2012 to Dec 31, II. Project progress 3 Out of 7 contracts are ADB-financed, including CL18 section on G108, CL15 and CL16 sections on G326, of which the subprojects have all been finished. Total investment for G108 is 38,530,760 CNY. The subproject was started on Mar 8, 2013 and was completed on Nov 30, III. Gender action pan implementation status YHAB make sure that local villagers, especially women should be recruited in some non-technical job of maintenance subproject, and provide them safety condition. According to national laws and international rules, equal pay for equal work for both male and female has been implemented. Employment opportunities and economic income have been increased. v

7 I. Subproject Background A. Subproject Overview: 1. In 2012, Yunnan Highway Administrative Bureau (YHAB) planned to conduct maintenance over km highway, which would take 4 years time. The project was started in It was divided into 2 parts: the 1 st part is km, which would be solely financed by domestic counterpart funds. The 2 nd is km road maintenance with 20 million USD loan from ADB together with government counterpart on 7 contracts. 3 out of the 7 are ADB-financed contracts (with a total length of 79.3km), CL18 section on G108, CL15 and CL16 sections on G326. The bid winner is Yunnan the 3 rd Highway & Bridge Engineering Co., LTD. The contract was signed on Dec 26, The subproject G108 was started on March 8, 2013 and completed on Nov 30, The national highway G108 begins from Kunming in south and ends in Luquan in north with a total length of 72km. It is a class 2 highway in mountainous area. Having been used for 10 years, this road is seriously damaged with the rapid growth of traffic load, which affects local women and children in their daily life and travel in many aspects: (1) the road damage causes heavy dust and affects ambient air quality; (2) the road condition reduces transport vehicles useful life; (3) frequent traffic jams seriously affect the rural and urban goods exchange and local economic development. Characteristic industry in Fumin County is fresh fruits and vegetables, such as bayberry, grapes and zucchini. The inconvenience of the traffic makes it difficult to store all these fresh fruits and vegetable, increase the transportation cost and thus seriously affect the development and reduce the local people s income; (4) frequent traffic accidents puts the safety of local children at great risk. Based on these problems, YHAB is planned to have maintenance on 25 km G108 pavement and roadbed on K to K The subproject would be funded by ADB 20 million loans and domestic counterpart. B. Socioeconomic status of the subproject site 3. Population: the road section for maintenance goes through, Damuke Village, Zhebei Village, Xiao Zhebei Village, Sashuyi Village and Lengfanqiao Village, which all belong to Luomian Town, Fumin County. Luomian Town was used to be Luomian Yi and Miao Autonomous County, formed by 8 administrative villages and the original Zhebei and Gaocang administrative villages from the original Zhebei County. In the past, the former Luomian Yi and Miao Autonomous County was the only county inhabited by ethnic groups with 13 ethnic groups like Han, Yi, Miao, Bai, Hui, Naxi and Lisu. Now, Luomian Town has a population of 15,223 (including non-agricultural population), 7,672 male and 7,551 female. The sex ration is %. Totally, the agricultural population is 14,157, takes 93 % of the total and 7,946 are labour force. Han people s population is 10,610; the ethnic people is 4,613, taking 30.3% of the total, with 2,936 Yi, 1,607 Miao and 70 people from other ethnic groups. 1

8 4 Education Level: The town has one kindergarten, 5 primary schools and 1 middle school. There are 89 teachers and 2243 enrolled students, including 146 in kindergarten, 1,165 primary students, and 932 middle school students. More than 99% of female children are in primary school and more than 95 % in secondary high school. Basically, all female children go to schools. 5. Health care: There are 1 hospital in town and 10 village clinics in administrative village. Basically, general illness can be handled within the town. 6. Economic Conditions: Based on its strength, Luomian Town develops planting industry as for apple, chestnut, arbutus trees, nectarines, cherries, grapes and zucchini. By 2012, the town has made an annual output value of agriculture was 11,360 CNY with annual increase of 20.8 %; completed million CNY annual local public financial budget, with annual increase of %; complete 392 million CNY large-scale investment in fixed assets. The Annual per capita net income of farmers reached 8,316 CNY with an average annual growth of 30.86%. 7. Women organizations: The town has 10 village committees, 77 villages, and 80 women-representative groups; averagely, there is a women-representative group and one female village head leader in each of the villages to work on protection of women s rights and social welfare as well as providing help for women in poverty. II. Gender and road maintenance 8. The subproject of G108 has impacted the local people both positively and negatively, especially on women and children. The construction process has made surrounding people s life inconvenient to some degree, but it s temporary. After the construction, the road is smooth, which can provide convenience for people s travel. Generally, it brings more good than harm. Positive Impact: (i). (ii). (iii). After the maintenance, the road capacity has been improved and the traffic congestion can be resolved. The travel environment of the community and health environment of people living on both sides of the road has been improved. The local people were employed in the maintenance and got trained on safety and environment protection. Thus, their safety and environment protection awareness is improved. Because of the limited condition, there are not many schools in rural areas, if the traffic is inconvenient, it would definitely affect the children s education. The road pavement condition was bad and accidents happened frequently, it was not safe for children on their way to and from schools. After the maintenance, the road is smooth, and the traffic condition has been improved, which provide convenient and safe guarantee for students. Moreover, the good transportation can also improve information exchange between urban and rural areas and thus enhance the rural education level. 2

9 (iv). (v). (vi). After the maintenance, women would have more opportunities to communicate with the outside world and participate into all kinds of social activities. They can visit their friends and relatives, go shopping and sell farm produces. Their participation in community management, training, education study opportunities would improve their knowledge so as to raise their economic and social status in house and society to realize equality of men and women. In Fumin County, the area along G108 highway produces fresh fruits and vegetable like red bayberry, grapes, zucchini and Chinese yam, all of which are hard to keep fresh for long. After the maintenance, on one hand, the improved transportation would reduce cost and loss in transportation; on another, the convenient transportation would attract more people to come to the county to enjoy the picking activities, which would increase farmers income and encourage the development of other local specialty and catering services. In rural areas, most men are working outside; the majority of the beneficiaries are women and senior people. The maintenance greatly improved their opportunities in income generation and brought great benefits to them. The subproject also provided indirect benefits for local women. The construction increased non-agricultural job opportunities in a short term, among which 30% has been provided to local women and poverty people. Negative impact during maintenance: (i). (ii). (iii). During the construction, local people s life was affected by constructing activities. Except for safety hazard for construction workers and students during the construction, the improved traffic led to faster vehicle speed, which would also become a threat of life security for local people, especially for children and senior people. Temporary measures like limit line and others brought inconvenience for local people s travel, affected materials transportation between the project site and other places and produced noise and air pollution. Negative impact after maintenance: (i). (ii). The improvement of the transportation would increase the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, especially HIV/AIDS, which would threat life and health of local women and children. The improvement of the transportation would increase the migration and chances for criminals to get into the local communities, especially for those human traffickers. 3

10 (iii). Now, some of remote villages have become concentrating places for drug addicts and drug dealers. The improved traffic would increase the risk of drug as well as its spreading areas, threatening the health and life of women and children. III. Gender Mainstreaming 9. Recruit local women in road maintenance: The G108 maintenance subproject recruited many local villagers, provided job opportunities and income for families involving in the subproject. In rural area, because men used to work outside, women have to take important responsibilities and roles in economic and agricultural activities and they have become the main labour force. During the construction, women were recruited for pit repairing, cleaning the road, ditches and culverts, collecting wasted materials and planting trees and grass on road sides to prevent soil erosion. 10. Equal pay for equal work: In accordance with ILO Convention No. 100, "Equal Remuneration Convention", the subproject adopts equal pay for men and women employees system. IV. The implementation of schedule 11. As the Implementing Agency of the subproject, YHAB implemented and monitored the Gender Action Plan (GAP). During the project execution process, YHAB has guaranteed that: (i). (ii). (iii). (iv). The GAP has been implemented and monitored, and annual report has been submitted to ADB; The related provisions in GAP has been included into bidding documents; The progress of GAP has been included into project progress report and completion report The contractor has: (1) recruited women in construction and maintenance work of the subproject; (2) paid men and women equally according to domestic law and international conventions; (3) provided safe working environment for employees; (4) provided training on road maintenance and used of equipment for female employees; (5) provided safety and health training courses for workers to raise their awareness on safety and prevention of transmitted diseases. V. Relevant policies, laws and regulations 12. The development outline of Chinese women ( ) 13. Chinese Children's Development Outline ( ) 14. Women and children rights and interests protection law of the People's Republic of China (1992 People's Republic of China the Presidential Decree No. 58 Announcement) 15. Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (ILO Convention No. 100) 4

11 16. The People's Republic of China Law on the Protection of women's rights (Effected on 1 December 1, 1992) 17. Women and children rights and interests protection law of the People's Republic of China (Effected on Oct 10, 1992) 18. Labor Law of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国劳动法 (Effected on Jan1, 1995) VI. GAP Implementation Status 19. In accordance with the GAP, the contractor prioritized the hiring of local people in construction to let them benefit from the subproject. (See Table 1) Recruit for road maintenance Capacity building on gender issue Table 1 GAP Implementation Status G108 contractor recruited untrained local people as workers and provided maintenance technique and safety training for them so as to improve their chances to get hired. The trained workers had equal pay for equal work. Among all on-site investigation, women took up to 30%. The contractor gave priority to people from poverty families and women when employing the local people. Guarantee the indigenous people and people from ethnic groups can involve into the road maintenance. The contractor did not hire child labourer. Men and women got equal pay for equal work, which at a certain level improves women s status in family. The investigation results can be found in Table 2, Pic 1, 2 and 6 show the recruited women workers In capacity building activities, gender awareness have been put much attention to and discussions about gender issues have been held with more than 50% women s participation. Discussions on gender issues along the subproject road sections can be found in Table 4. Women have actively participated into local decision making process, like the public consultation about the environment impact of the maintenance and the interview to villagers living in the project area after the construction. (See Pic 8 ) (50% participants were women). During the maintenance, YHAB established complaint mechanism so that it can solve the affected people s concern and complaint about environment, traffic safety, social safety and other issues promptly through simple and clear procedures especially for female. Any people can directly make complains when they feel their rights have been violated until the problem is solved. During the construction process, road maintenance well received by 5

12 the local communities and residents, there is no complaint, letters, petitions on environment pollution, traffic safety and social safety received because that various impact mitigation measures have been taken. Improvement on road safety and social security Local economy development Bulletin boards, safety cone, identification tags and other warning signs were set along the road in maintenance, especially in places near schools, hospital and markets, providing information about the name of the subproject, subproject overview, contractor, design unit, supervision unit, contractor and their telephone numbers.(see Pic 5) The contractor provided training for employed workers, especially women and equiped them with proper working clothes, hard hat and gloves. (See Pic 6) Provide clean drinking water for workers on site. The subproject was conducted as required by HIV/AIDS Prevention Plan. The contractor provided trainings HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases risk and prevention related knowledge and awareness to workers, part-time workers and their families to reduce HIV/AIDS impact during and after the construction period. Process medical waste timely and reduce AIDS infection risks The subproject also educated the local people, especially women and children about human trafficking related knowledge to build their alert toward this as well as cooperate with related law enforcing department to prevent trafficking. After the completion of the subproject, the steering office keeps the propaganda and education on the traffic safety knowledge to local villagers, and posted traffic safety propaganda poster on the eye-catching places along the road. After the maintenance, the road condition has been improved, traffic congestion can be solved greatly, which would bring benefits and economic effect for local people as well as local special tourism and farmhouse visits. During the construction, local people, especially women and poverty people have been recruited so as to increase their income. Women (middle-aged) were hired to be responsible for providing food for workers, maintaining vegetations along the road, like plant trees and clean garbage, which all provided income source for elder women. Put priority to use local construction materials such as sand, 6

13 stone, cement and others to increase local people s income as well as the economics of private enterprise. (Pic 7) After maintenance, the traffic investigated on-site turned to be much fewer than before, which is due to the distributary of Kunming-Wucheng express newly built nearby. However, it s charge is too expensive, gradually, most transportation vehicles will choose G108, which will increase income of restaurant owners, fruit growers and agricultural products planters along G108. Adaptation in Climate Change Situation Education for school-age children At 40% of the workers working on climate change adaptation (plant trees, maintenance of vegetations) are women. Local women were hired to do vegetation planting in ecological fragile region along the road. After the construction, vegetation recovering work along the road in the project area is kept on, and local women are hired to do the work continually. After the maintenance, the traffic condition is more convenient and safe for school students to go and from schools. However, during the construction, large transportation vehicles were still a threat for children s safety. Parents need to educate their children on personal safety. The contractor also needs to provide safety training for drivers. Also, monitoring on violation of transportation rules by related departments (like transportation bureau) shall be strengthened. After the maintenance, road condition is improved mostly, the road is smooth, and traffic decreases temporarily, leading to faster vehicle speed, which bring about a great security risk especially to the students and children on their way to and from schools. Parents and teachers need to educate them on traffic safety, and local transportation administration department need to monitor the limit line and overloading of vehicles forcibly and effectively. 20. After on-site investigation and interview on local villagers working on the subproject to know about the household information, income and salary, the results show that all interviewees hope that they can have more of these opportunities in the future. For details, please see the following Table 2. Table 2 G108 Subproject Recruitment of local workers Name Sex Age Position Income/ No. No. of No. of Annual 7

14 month Family members Families: Male Families: Male Chen Road F 42 Yanxiang worker Yang Road M 44 Xuanmign worker Li Hongqiang M 48 Driver Chen Road M 20 Jingfeng worker Li Xianfu M 38 Road worker Zhu Road F 52 Meizhen worker Wang Road F 58 Xiuying worker Yang Road M 55 Xuanyun worker Xu Road M 43 Xingquan worker Li Yunzhi F 51 Cook Liao Meifeng F 58 Cook household income 20,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 20,000 CNY 50,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 10,000 CNY 20,000 CNY 21. On Nov 3, 2013, G108 subproject conducted a public consultation after the construction on the local communities (Table 3), the main questions asked included: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) During the maintenance of the road, do you think that the noise and dust produced by construction activities have impact on your life? The subproject has been done, are you satisfied with this road? Is the dust less than before? Is the road safer and smoother than before? Whether the limit line of overloading vehicles should be adopted? During the construction, did the contractors offer many job opportunities? Did it solve the economic problem at a certain extent? Whether women can benefit from the project? Did they get special protection and care measures during working? 22. The results show that the villagers thought that there was some impact on the environment. But since the time is short and the contractor used measures like watering, covering transporting vehicles with canvas, the dust is reduced greatly. The subproject has been completed now, dust is less,( See Pic 9,10) and traffic is less, but vehicle speed is much 8

15 faster. The limit line should be conducted to overloading vehicles otherwise the road will be damaged sooner. In a word, these respondents are satisfied with the road section recovered. During the construction, the contractors offered local people many road maintenance works, average per capita income is about 2000 CNY, much more than farming at home, which solved some people s family economic problems. Before the women started to work on-site, contractors had provided them safety and skill training as well as safe working environment. Women can get even treatment as men, contractors gave them equal pay for equal work. Because of the physical differences between men and women, they were arranged to do some light works such as pit repairing, cleaning the road, collecting wasted materials and others. The increased income would raise their economic and social status in family, as well as their decision making power. Table 3 Attendants for public consultation on G108 subproject No. Name Sex Nationality Occupation Village 1 Lin Guixian F Han Fruit grower Xiaozhebei Village, Fumin County, Yunnan 2 Li Junhui M Han Restaurant Xiaozhebei Village, Fumin County, worker Yunnan 3 Yang Yin F Miao Villager Dawotang Village, Fumin County, Yunnan 4 Tian Junjie M Han Restaurant Xiaozhebei, Funmin County, worker Yunnan 5 Li Xingrong M Yi Villager Xiaozhebei, Fumin County, Yunnan 6 Li Fuxing F Yi Shop owner 7 Liu Chengbao M Yi 8 Bi Guixian F Yi Restaurant owner Restaurant owner 9 Li Meifen F Yi Villager 10 Zhang Zhongliang M Han Shop owner 11 Wang Jiali F Han Student 12 Wei Chenhao M Han Student Shaoshan Village, Fumin County, Yunnan Luomian Town, Fumin County, Yunnan Luomian Town, Fumin County, Yunnan Luomian Town, Fumin County, Yunnan Luomian Town, Fumin County, Yunnan Lengfanqiao Village, Fumin County, Yunnan Lengfanqiao Village, Fumin County, Yunnan 23. The main work of G108 maintenance is conducted in Luomian Township, survey on gender was conducted in local township government, details can be found in Table 4. Table 4 Survey on gender issues in area of the subproject No. Questions about Results 9

16 1 Total population of the village and detailed information about different groups of people Luomian Town has a population of 15,223 Luomian Town has a population of 15,223 (including non-agricultural population), 7,672 male and 7,551 female. The sex ration is %. Totally, the agricultural population is 14,157, takes 93 % of the total and 7,946 are labour force. Han people s population is 10,610; the ethnic people is 4,613, taking 30.3% of the total, with 2,936 Yi, 1607 Miao and 70 people from other ethnic groups. 2 The School attendance of female students, what is the age for girls to have education, how about the education level for girls? More than 99% of female children are in primary school and more than 95 % in secondary high school. Basically, all female children get school education before 5. 3 Main economic activity of the local people Most of the people make their living by planting fruit trees, like red bayberry, grape, peach or special vegetable like zucchini and Chinese yam. Some people would find job in nearby factories and some are hired as road workers Annual average income of the local people What is the social organization that they usually pay visits? Is the transportation to these places convenient? Main health problems of the local people? Can the people s disease be treated in time? Can the maintenance of the road impact on the situation? 8,316 CNY The social organization that the local people usually pay visits includes the town government, health clinic, rural credit cooperative, all of which are located in the town. G108 is the only way that the villagers can go to the town from surrounding places. Before the maintenance, the road was seriously damaged and it was not safe for villagers to take travel on it. During the construction, because of the measure of limit line, traffic congestion is severer and affects the effectiveness of the local people to go to the town. After the maintenance, the road condition is greatly improved and it becomes more convenient for the local. Prevention and control of major diseases facing enormous challenges: Intestinal diseases, micronutrient deficiencies, women's maternal disease, endemic and parasitic diseases have not been effectively controlled. AIDS, avian influenza 10

17 and other emerging infectious disease increase the difficulty of disease prevention and control efforts. Because of the changes in rural living, working environment and people s lifestyle, the numbers of people having cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other serious ailments are also increasing. Although there is a hospital and many clinics in Luomian Town, the local medical condition is still rather limited, which is also a main reason that many sudden illness cannot be treated and cured. G108 is the only way that the villagers go through to big hospitals in Fumin County. During the construction, traffic congestion might affect timely treatment for patients in short time; however, the traffic would be smoother after the maintenance, which would save much time for saving the local patients. 7 Do the local people know about HIV/AIDS? The survey result shows that the local people s awareness rate in HIV/AIDS is only 55 % to 60 %, much lower than the rate in cities. It means that the local people s knowledge about AIDS is far from enough, which is mainly gotten from television and broadcasting (67.4%), newspaper and magazines (20.7%), neighbors and friends (20.6%), rural activities (17.3%), schools and teachers (7.5%), medical staff (5.5%) and family members (4.1%). Different groups of people have different knowledge sources. More male get the information through newspaper and magazines than female. People have higher education usually get it from television and broadcasting, newspaper and magazines, medical staff and schools and teachers and people with lower education level get it from their neighbors and friends and rural activities. Besides, during the construction of G108 maintenance, the contractor organizes the workers and their families for HIV/AIDS prevention trainings and distribute related pamphlet to nearly communities. 8 Do the local ethnic groups insist The local ethnic groups are Yi and Miao, who 11

18 their own customs and beliefs? always keep their own customs, like the Torch Festival once a year of Yi people and Flower Mountain Festival of Miao people, showing the colorful ethnic culture and customs of Luomian Town 9 Do the ethnic groups discriminated by other people? No. They share the same equal treatment as for Han people. Students from ethnic groups can have extra score plus for their entrance examination for universities and colleges. The local government also provides subsidies or poverty-reduction support for ethnic people living in remote mountainous areas. 10 What is the feedback of the local toward the road condition? The road was damaged. The dust is heavy along the road. The traffic congestions and accidents happen a lot. All of these affect people s life seriously. 11 What is the local people s expectation and suggestion for the maintenance? Hope to speed up the progress of road maintenance and reduce the inconvenience caused by the construction. The contractor should hire more local people so as to provide those with sources of income. 12 If there is any safety and environment problem happen during the construction, is there any place for people to make complaint and get their rights protected? YHAB has established a complaint mechanism with the information put to bulletin boards. If there is any problem, the people can make their complaint to the local community, government, contractor, supervisors and steering office until it is solved. VII. Conclusion and Recommendations 24. With the direction and supervision of the steering office, the contractor strictly follows the ADB GAP during the construction: (1) to ensure that some of the non-skilled jobs will be provided to local women and ensure men and women get equal pay for equal work so that women can benefit from the subproject and have their economical and social status improved; (2) to provide safe working environment for both male and female workers; (3) to provide safety and technique training for employees to improve their skills and improve their future chances for jobs; (4) try to use local materials to increase the local people s income. Through on-site investigation on local workers, they are all satisfied with the job and hope that they can have more of this kind of opportunities in future. They believe that the road maintenance increases their income sources. Especially women s involvement in the construction make 12

19 them bring more income home and raises their status in family and community and at the same time enhanced their skills for future job opportunities. (5) Because the construction was too short, making the working time short, which only can improve villagers income temporarily. After the construction, as interviewed to villagers in the project area, the road maintenance workers have to find other employment opportunity. (6) After the maintenance, road condition is well, road is smooth, which provides local people s travel and vehicles many conveniences, at the same time, it will progress the development of local social and economics. 25. Recommendations: (1). The contractor can enlarge the scope that the local people s involvement in the construction; (2) to strengthen training and promotion on safe production, self-protection and environment protection; (3) to distribute and put more post about HIV/AIDS and other diseases in villages along the road; (4) After the maintenance, faster vehicle speed would bring about a great security risk especially to the students and children to and from schools. Parents and teachers need to educate them on traffic safety, and local transportation administration department need to monitor the speeding and overloading vehicles forcibly and effectively. (5) to make a list of women recruited during the maintenance, if there are some other construction opportunities, they can be chose preferentially. 13

20 VIII. Pictures taken on-site Pic 1 Women are hired as road workers and equipped with protective clothing Pic 2 On-site consultation from women road workers 14

21 Pic 3 Public consultation Pic 4 Safety signs like Slow down used on the maintained section,and road pavement during construction 15

22 Pic 5 Bulletin board on prominent positions Pic 6 All workers wear protective clothing 16

23 Pic 7 Getting materials from local qarry Pic 8 The interview to the people along the maintenance road after construction 17

24 Pic 9 The road pavement before construction Pic 10 The clean and even road pavement after construction 18