IN THIS ISSUE: Are we growing smart?: new vision for urban development in Asia and the Pacific

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1 IN THIS ISSUE: Are we growing smart?: new vision for urban development in Asia and the Pacific Fiscal decentralization for poverty reduction in Asia: opportunities, challenges and policy issues Trade liberalization effects on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia: a case study Government finances and economic growth: a policy perspective on the developing economy of Sri Lanka Stimulating income generation for the population in Uzbekistan: an econometric analysis

2 The secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the regional development arm of the United Nations and serves as the main economic and social development centre for the United Nations in Asia and the Pacific. Its mandate is to foster cooperation between its 53 members and 9 associate members. It provides the strategic link between global and country-level programmes and issues. It supports Governments of countries in the region in consolidating regional positions and advocates regional approaches to meeting the region s unique socio-economic challenges in a globalizing world. The ESCAP secretariat is located in Bangkok, Thailand. Please visit the ESCAP website at < for further information. The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members.

3 New York, 2009 i

4 ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL Vol. 15, No. 2, December 2008 United Nations publication Sales No. E.08.II.F.28 Copyright United Nations 2009 All rights reserved Manufactured in Thailand ISBN: ISSN: ST/ESCAP/2532 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is acknowledged. The ESCAP Publications Office would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use may be made of this publication for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of reproduction, should be addressed to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations, New York. ii

5 Members Advisory Board DR. CHALONGPHOB SUSSANGKARN Distinguished Fellow Thailand Development Research Institute Bangkok PROFESSOR KARINA CONSTANTINO-DAVID Former Chairperson Civil Service Commission, Manila PROFESSOR PETER G. WARR Convener, The Arndt-Corden Division of Economics John Crawford Professor of Agricultural Economics Director, Poverty Research Centre, The Arndt-Corden Division of Economics Australian National University, Canberra PROFESSOR SHOICHI YAMASHITA Director The International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development, Kitakyushu, Japan PROFESSOR REHMAN SOBHAN Chairman, Centre for Policy Dialogue Dhaka PROFESSOR SYED NAWAB HAIDER NAQVI Distinguished National Professor of Economics Director-General, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology Karachi, Pakistan PROFESSOR SUMAN K. BERY Director-General, National Council of Applied Economic Research New Delhi PROFESSOR JOMO K. SUNDARAM Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations, New York, United States of America DR. A.B. MIRZA AZIZUL ISLAM Former Finance Adviser Ministry of Finance and Planning Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh DR. SHAHID AHMED Director-General Competition Commission of Pakistan Islamabad EDITORS Chief Editor MR. AYNUL HASAN iii

6 Editorial Statement The Asia-Pacific Development Journal is published twice a year by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Its primary objective is to provide a medium for the exchange of knowledge, experience, ideas, information and data on all aspects of economic and social development in the Asian and Pacific region. The emphasis of the Journal is on the publication of empirically based, policy-oriented articles in the areas of poverty alleviation, emerging social issues and managing globalization. The Journal welcomes original articles analysing issues and problems relevant to the region from the above perspective. The articles should have a strong emphasis on the policy implications flowing from the analysis. Analytical book reviews will also be considered for publication. Manuscripts should be sent to: Chief Editor Asia-Pacific Development Journal Macroeconomic Policy and Development Division ESCAP, United Nations Building Rajadamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok Thailand Fax: (662) or (662) escap-mpdd@un.org iv

7 ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL Vol. 15, No. 2, December 2008 CONTENTS Page Hyunsun Choi Muhammad Hussain Malik Tulus Tambunan Are we growing smart?: new vision for urban development in Asia and the Pacific 1 Fiscal decentralization for poverty reduction in Asia: opportunities, challenges and policy issues 13 Trade liberalization effects on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia: a case study 35 Partha Pratim Ghosh, Government finances and economic Arpita Dhar and growth: a policy perspective on the Debesh Chakraborty developing economy of Sri Lanka 61 Sergey V. Chepel Stimulating income generation for the population in Uzbekistan: an econometric analysis 97 v

8 Explanatory notes References to dollars ($) are to United States dollars, unless otherwise stated. References to tons are to metric tons, unless otherwise specified. A solidus (/) between dates (e.g. 1980/81) indicates a financial year, a crop year or an academic year. Use of a hyphen between dates (e.g ) indicates the full period involved, including the beginning and end years. The following symbols have been used in the tables throughout the journal: An em-dash ( ) indicates that the amount is nil or negligible. A hyphen (-) indicates that the item is not applicable. A point (.) is used to indicate decimals. A space is used to distinguish thousands and millions. Totals may not add precisely because of rounding. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where the designation country or area appears, it covers countries, territories, cities or areas. Bibliographical and other references have, wherever possible, been verified. The United Nations bears no responsibility for the availability or functioning of URLs. The opinions, figures and estimates set forth in this publication are the responsibility of the authors, and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or carrying the endorsement of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. vi