Five Centuries of Monarchy in Korea: Mining the Text of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
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1 Five Centuries of Monarchy in Korea: Mining the Text of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty JinYeong Bak, Alice Oh School of Computing, KAIST
2 Leadership A process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task [Chemers. 2014] 2
3 Leadership A process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task [Chemers. 2014] The ability to Influence other people Get them to do something significant Energizing people toward a goal [Mills. 2005] 2
4 Leadership Styles [Lewin, et al. 1939] 3
5 Leadership Styles [Lewin, et al. 1939] Autocratic Get little input from group members Control over all decisions 4
6 Leadership Styles [Lewin, et al. 1939] Autocratic Get little input from group members Control over all decisions Laissez-Faire Give little guidance to group members Leave them to decision-making 4
7 Leadership Styles [Lewin, et al. 1939] Autocratic Get little input from group members Control over all decisions Laissez-Faire Give little guidance to group members Leave them to decision-making Democratic Encourage group members to participate Retain the final say in the decision-making 4
8 Leadership Styles Target people School children [Lewin, et al. 1939] Work employee [Hoel. 2010] USA president [Bligh, et al. 2004] & Prime minister [Kaarbo. 1997] 5
9 Leadership Styles Target people School children [Lewin, et al. 1939] Work employee [Hoel. 2010] USA president [Bligh, et al. 2004] & Prime minister [Kaarbo. 1997] Relationships [Van. 2006] Age Health Context 5
10 Leadership Styles Target people School children [Lewin, et al. 1939] Work employee [Hoel. 2010] USA president [Bligh, et al. 2004] & Prime minister [Kaarbo. 1997] Relationships [Van. 2006] Age Health Context How about the kings in the old times? 5
11 Research Questions 1. Do kings show different kinds of leadership styles? 6
12 Research Questions 1. Do kings show different kinds of leadership styles? 2. What factors are related with kings leadership? Context/Topics? Members? Time? 6
13 Dataset What kinds of data are needed? 7
14 Dataset What kinds of data are needed? Requirements: records of king s official duty activities Discussions with government officials King s decisions Long and large dataset 7
15 Dataset What kinds of data are needed? Requirements: records of king s official duty activities Discussions with government officials King s decisions Long and large dataset My answer: The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 7
16 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Series of books which describe about historical facts in Joseon dynasty 1,893 books, 380,271 articles 472 years ( ) 8
17 The Joseon Dynasty Ancient kingdom in Korean peninsula From 1392 to kings Capital city: Seoul Religion: Neo-Confucianism 9
18 The Joseon Dynasty Monarchial system King governs the nation King decides on official issues King discusses it with government officials 10
19 The Joseon Dynasty Monarchial system King governs the nation King decides on official issues King discusses it with government officials 10 A screenshot of a historical drama - Yi san
20 The Joseon Dynasty Monarchial system King governs the nation King decides on official issues King discusses it with government officials King 10 A screenshot of a historical drama - Yi san
21 The Joseon Dynasty Monarchial system King governs the nation King decides on official issues King discusses it with government officials King Government officials 10 A screenshot of a historical drama - Yi san
22 The Joseon Dynasty Monarchial system King governs the nation King decides on official issues King discusses it with government officials King Government officials historiographers 10 A screenshot of a historical drama - Yi san
23 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents 11
24 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents Human resources Employment & Dismissal Person information 11
25 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents Human resources Employment & Dismissal Person information Government issues Military Tax & Population 11
26 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents Human resources Employment & Dismissal Person information Government issues Military Tax & Population Diplomatic relations China Japan 11
27 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents Human resources Employment & Dismissal Person information Government issues Military Tax & Population Diplomatic relations China Japan Judgements Punishment Remission 11
28 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Contents Human resources Employment & Dismissal Person information Government issues Military Tax & Population Diplomatic relations China Japan Judgements Punishment Remission Observations Astronomical phenomena 11 Weather
29 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty National Institute of Korean History ( Translated it to modern Korean 12
30 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty National Institute of Korean History ( Translated it to modern Korean Tagged meta information Title Category (political, economic, social and cultural) Entity (person, location, nation) 12
31 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty National Institute of Korean History ( Translated it to modern Korean Tagged meta information Title Category (political, economic, social and cultural) Entity (person, location, nation) Published on the web 12
32 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 13
33 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 13
34 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 13
35 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 13
36 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty 14
37 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Time 14
38 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Time Title 14
39 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Time Title Body 14
40 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Time Title Body Meta information 14
41 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts 15
42 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts 15
43 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts 15
44 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A 15
45 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A It s reasonable to combine two local districts. 15
46 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A It s reasonable to combine two local districts. King 15
47 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A King It s reasonable to combine two local districts. How should we handle this? 15
48 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A King It s reasonable to combine two local districts. How should we handle this? Official B Official C 15
49 The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Combining two local districts Facts Official A King It s reasonable to combine two local districts. How should we handle this? Official B Official C The king follows Official C s suggestion. 15
50 Methodology Identify relevant articles To avoid non-governmental affairs (e.g. observations) Look at the kings words and decisions 126K, 36% over all articles 16
51 Methodology Identify relevant articles To avoid non-governmental affairs (e.g. observations) Look at the kings words and decisions 126K, 36% over all articles Identify king s final decisions in the article Build sixty candidate verbs Order: 명하다, 命 Approve: 윤허하다, 允 Disapprove: 불허하다, 不允 Reject: 따르지않았다, 不從 Follow: 따르다, 從之 Look at the verbs in king s last sentence and title 16
52 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) Discussion and Order (DO) Discussion and Follow (DF) 17
53 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) Like autocratic style No discussion with officials Orders directly Discussion and Order (DO) Discussion and Follow (DF) 17
54 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) Like autocratic style No discussion with officials Orders directly Discussion and Order (DO) Like democratic style Discussion with officials Orders, approves, or rejects at the end Discussion and Follow (DF) 17
55 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) Like autocratic style No discussion with officials Orders directly Discussion and Order (DO) Like democratic style Discussion with officials Orders, approves, or rejects at the end Discussion and Follow (DF) Like laissez-faire style Discussion with officials Follows officials suggestion 17
56 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) example King Facts 18
57 Ruling styles Arbitrary Decision (AD) example King Remove all fences at the gates Facts 18
58 Ruling styles Discussion and Order (DO) example Agency A King Official B King Official C King 19
59 Ruling styles Discussion and Order (DO) example Please interrogate a suspect Agency A King Official B King Official C King 19
60 Ruling styles Discussion and Order (DO) example Please interrogate a suspect Agency A King Official B King Official C King I don t want to do that. Don t ask me about that again 19
61 Ruling styles Discussion and Follow (DF) example Facts Official A King Official B Official C The king follows Official C s suggestion. 20
62 Research Question 1 1. Do kings show different kinds of leadership styles? 21
63 Results Among kings Each king shows different ruling style Multinomial test between king s ruling style distribution ( <0.001) 22
64 Results Among kings Each king shows different ruling style Multinomial test between king s ruling style distribution ( <0.001) Tyrants (Yeonsangun, Gwanghaegun) show high value of AD 22
65 Research Question 2 2. What factors are related with kings leadership? Context/Topics? Members? Time? 23
66 Methodology Discover topics in each article LDA [Blei et al. 2003] with 300 topics LDA outputs a topic proportion for each article LDA outputs a multinomial word distribution for each topic 24
67 Methodology Discover topics in each article LDA [Blei et al. 2003] with 300 topics LDA outputs a topic proportion for each article LDA outputs a multinomial word distribution for each topic Identify who said what To analyze the participants in the discussion Look at subjects and person tags in front of the sentence of each quote 20K people/agencies 24
68 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Investigate the effects of the topics Look at the difference between ruling styles overall and given a topic Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 25
69 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Investigate the effects of the topics Look at the difference between ruling styles overall and given a topic Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 25
70 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Investigate the effects of the topics Look at the difference between ruling styles overall and given a topic Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 25
71 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Investigate the effects of the topics Look at the difference between ruling styles overall and given a topic Results Different from overall ( ) Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 25
72 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Remission of sins topic Kings act DO than overall Injo tends to DF Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 26
73 Sejong the Great Results - Topics Remission of sins topic Kings act DO than overall Injo tends to DF Granting rewards topic Sejong the Great acts DF Yeonsangun acts arbitrarily Injo tends to give grants to servants than overall Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) 26
74 Results - Members Investigate the effects of the participants in a discussion Compute the mutual information among ruling styles 27
75 Results - Members Investigate the effects of the participants in a discussion Compute the mutual information among ruling styles Results Discussion and Order Chief secretary Local government officials 27
76 Results - Members Investigate the effects of the participants in a discussion Compute the mutual information among ruling styles Results Discussion and Order Chief secretary Local government officials Discussion and Follow Central government officials Crown prince Agency officials who remonstrate to the king 27
77 Results Time Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) Investigate the changes over time Look at the temporal difference of a king 28
78 Results Time Yeonsangun (Tyrant) Injo (Weak king) Investigate the changes over time Look at the temporal difference of a king Results 28 Yeonsangun becomes more arbitrary over time Injo stays consistent in his ruling style
79 Conclusion Introduced the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty Long and large historical documents Translated and annotated corpus Measured the king s leadership styles Arbitrary Decision Discussion and Order Discussion and Follow Analyzed the patterns Difference among kings Relationship with factors (Topics, Members, Time) 29
80 Reference Chemers, M. (2014). An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Mills, D. Q. (2005). Leadership: How to lead, how to live. MindEdge Press. Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R. K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 10(2), Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Meindl, J. R. (2004). Charting the language of leadership: a methodological investigation of President Bush and the crisis of 9/11. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 562. Hoel, H., Glasø, L., Hetland, J., Cooper, C. L., & Einarsen, S. (2010). Leadership styles as predictors of self-reported and observed workplace bullying. British Journal of Management, 21(2), Kaarbo, J. (1997). Prime minister leadership styles in foreign policy decisionmaking: A framework for research. Political Psychology, Blei, D. M., Ng, A. Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2003). Latent dirichlet allocation. the Journal of machine Learning research, 3, Van Vugt, M. (2006). Evolutionary origins of leadership and followership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4),
81 Image sources / _23417.html da_ _005 31
82 Thank you! Any questions or comments? JinYeong Bak U&I Lab, KAIST 32
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