68 Response to Industrial Revolution Presentation Notes notebook. March 20, 2017

Transcription

1 68 Response to Industrial Revolution Presentation Notes notebook 1

2 Group Tasks Spirit & How do the Knights of Labor plan to reform the working conditions for workers? Explain why Samuel Gompers believes the KoL are not the best organization to protect workers' rights. Handout A Explain the advances that Gompers and the American Federation of Labor brought to America by his death in

3 Sixteen Tons: Now some people say a man's made out of mud, But a poor man's made out of muscle and blood, Muscle and blood, skin and bone A mind that's weak and a back that's strong. You load sixteen tons and what do you get? You get another day older and deeper in debt. Saint Peter don't you call me 'cause I can't go, I owe my soul to the company store. 3

4 1890 Census richest 9% of population controlled 75% of national wealth Company towns (i.e. Pullman, Illinois) co. deducted rent, advances to co. store, medical, fuel or paid in coupons (only redeemable in co. stores) 4

5 Haymarket Square Riot ,000 gather to protest over 8 hour work day Striker killed and many wounded Protest meeting called Someone threw bomb into police ranks 7 police killed & many injured 8 hr. work day violence erupts hired scabs bomb thrown (7 policemen and several protesters die) 8 "anarchists" tried ( 4 hanged, 1 suicide) rest pardoned 5

6 Solidarity Forever They have taken untold millions that they never toiled to earn, But without our brain and muscle not a single wheel could turn. We can break their haughty power gain our freedom when we learn. That the union makes us strong. Solidarity forever (3X) For the Union makes us strong. 6

7 Individual Task As you view the information on the slides and in the video, take note and be able to reply to the following questions: > Explain how the working class responded to conditions in the industrial city. > How did the government respond to the workers? Was their response justified? 7

8 1903 Children's Crusade children marched to home of President Roosevelt on Long Island protest women & children working night hours in PA Textile Mills turned Away 1st Step in Eliminating Child Labor in US 8

9 Railroad Strike of 1877 (Great Strike of 1877) wage cuts (2 in 2 months) blacklisting additional cars layoffs President Hayes orders federal troops accusing strikers of impeding interstate commerce 9

10 Homestead Strike of 1892 ( Pa. Carnegie & Frick US Steel co.) Homestead Strike Video 10

11 Pullman Strike of 1894 Company Towns (i.e. Pullman, Illinois) co. deducted rent, advances to company store, medical, fuel or paid in coupons (only redeemable in company stores) 3,000 workers laid off 40% wage cut no rent reduction (take home $6 wk) co. refused to negotiate fired "troublemakers" 2/3 layoffs American Railway Union (Debs plea for arbitration is rejected) all rail workers to show support and co. is boycotted 120,000 workers walk off company hires scabs Fed Gov't (Sherman) gets injunction Pres. Cleveland sends troops Debs & many strikers arrested "troublemakers" blacklisted and could never again get RR jobs Pres. Cleveland found Pullman partly to blame & creating a company town to be against IL Constitution (panic of 1893) 11

12 The 20 wealthiest Americans are worth more than the poorer half of the entire American population, Nicholas Kristof reported in February 2016, citing a report by the Institute for Policy Studies. The report also said Forbes' wealthiest 100 Americans together are worth as much as all African Americans (over 42 million people or roughly 14% of the American population). By the end of 2015, the wealthiest 1 percent were to be in control of more wealth than everyone else in the world put together, according to Tim Redmond in a Nov. 15 report about Project Censored's list of news items the media ignore. Citing the project and Oxfam International's January 2015 report, Redmond also said that the wealth of 85 of the richest people in the world equals the combined wealth of one half of all the world's poor. 12

13 Important strikes/events from Railroad Strike of 1877 In response to a pay decrease workers struck and violence erupted President Hayes called in federal troops to crush the strike 2. Haymarket Square Riot of 1886 In Chicago the fight for the eight hour day took an ugly turn and led to violence against workers involved in the demonstrations Dozens of people killed in fight with authorities Memorialized world wide in honor of the fight for the eight hour day 3. Homestead Strike of 1892 Strike against Carnegie steel against wage cuts leads to violence Strike crushed by a combination of the armed Pinkertons and National Guard 4. Pullman Strike of 1894 Strike against wage cuts led to disruption of western railroad traffic Court order to stop strike led to calling of federal troops to break the strike Court orders become routine for management after this strike 13