Gender, Culture and Corruption

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2 Gender, Culture and Corruption Giri Suprapdiono Director of Gratification Corruption Eradication Commision KPK Medan, 23 October 2013 Video

3 7 100%..?

4 KPK s Corruption Cases Handling (100% conviction rate) Based on Type of Cases ( ) Type of Cases Procurement Red Tape Bribery Illegal Fees Misuse of Gov. Funds Numbers of cases Based on Defendant s Title ( ) Title Parliament Member Minister/Head of Ministrial Level Ambassadors Commisioners Governors Mayor/Head of Regents/District Echelon I, II, II Judges Private sectors Others Numbers of defendants Number Number

5 Gender and Corruption Are Women Really Less Corrupt Than Men? How corruption could impact women and men?

6 The Relationship of Culture and Corruption Al-Quran procurement Graft Case Oil regulator Graft Case Imported Beef Case

7 The Strategies Anti-Corruption

8 3 Strategy Enforcement Deter to corrupt Cases Prevention Can t corrupt Education System Doesnt want to corrupt Culture

9 THE WORLD SHIFTED Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

10 SHIFT #1 From Vertical to Horizontal 300+ million population 800+ million population Breaking News Trending Topics Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

11 SHIFT #2 From Exclusive to Inclusive Tim Pemberantasan Korupsi (TPK) Era Orba Di bawah Jaksa Agung Gerakan anti korupsi saat ini dilakukan lintas fungsi dan bahkan lintas negara Local Action Borderless Action

12 SHIFT #3 From Individual to Social Eliot Ness All Americans Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

13 Shift #1 Rational Perspective Rational Crime Theory CURATIVE ACTIONS Decision to corrupt is affected by: Expected return Risk to be caughted magnitude of punishment Source: Allingham, M. G., & Sandmo, A. (1972), Income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 1, Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

14 Shift #2 Emotional Perspective Regret Theory PREVENTIV E ACTIONS Decision to corrupt is affected by: Personal dialogue and personal norms Regret with values System development Source: Loomes, G. and Sugden, R. (1982), Regret theory: An alternative theory of rational choice under uncertainty, Economic Journal, 92(4),

15 Shift #3 Human Spirit Perspective Social Identity Theory EDUCATIVE ACTIONS Decision mades by: Social media community involved and identity Social norms of the community Source: Francesca Gino, Shahar Ayal,and Dan Ariely, Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior, Psychological Science, Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

16 The New Social Engines

17 NEW WAVE SUB CULTURE: Youth, Women, and Netizen as New Social Engines Source : Hermawan Kertajaya

18 NEW WAVE SUB CULTURE: Youth, Women, and Netizen as New Social Engines

19 NEW WAVE SUB CULTURE: Youth, Women, and Netizen as New Social Engines

20 NEW WAVE SUB CULTURE: Youth, Women, and Netizen as New Social Engines

21 Are Women Really Less Corrupt Than Men? The higher representation of women in government has a link to the lower levels of corruption

22 Are Women Really Less Corrupt Than Men? Gender difference in tolerance for corruption women are less likely than men to pay bribes Transparency International s Global Corruption Barometer women are less involved in bribery and are less likely to condone bribe taking Swamy et al

23 Are Women Really Less Corrupt Than Men? V. Alatasa, L. Cameron, A. Chaudhuric, N. Erkalb and L. Gangadharanb : Based on experimental data collected in Australia (Melbourne), India (Delhi), Indonesia (Jakarta) and Singapore, we show that while women in Australia are less tolerant of corruption than men in Australia, there are no significant gender differences in attitudes towards corruption in India, Indonesia and Singapore.

24 Are Women Really Less Corrupt Than Goetz: Men? Gender relations limit women s opportunities for corruption. Sung: The driver of lower corruption when there s higher representasion of women in government is not women s integrity but the fairer system

25 Fairer System? Source: Khoman, 2008 (APEC Study)

26 Fairer System? Source: Khoman, 2008 (APEC Study)

27 Gendered Differences in Impact of Corruption HEALTH SERVICES SEXUAL EXTORTION EDUCATION SERVICES Access to Decision Making

28 The Relationship of Culture and Corruption Cultural Dimensions Individual s Perception Corruption Habits

29 Campaign & Public Education Programs Public Campaign & Socialization Anti-Corruption Gimmics Multimedia Materials Organizing Events Public Campaign events Mobile & Outreach Campaign TV and Radio Campaign Artist of Integrity Anti Corruption Education Developing module for Elementary school, Junior High School,University, journalist, private sector, public official, parliament, etc Train the Trainers for the University Student Conducting Seminars and Workshop

30 Youth and Women Involvement

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65 Conclusion In order to achieve a sustain anti corruption corruption, we need to: - 3 comprehensive strategies (strong and effective enforcement, effective prevention and education) - Changing the culture - Government System improvement (Bureaucracy reform) - Promoting women, youth and netizen involvement in anti-corruption movement - Culture and local wisdom of the power of anti corruption movement strategy

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