GOVERNANCE AT CORRUPTION ERADICATION COMMISSION AND ITS KPK 1st STRATEGY IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

Transcription

1 GOVERNANCE AT CORRUPTION ERADICATION COMMISSION AND ITS KPK 1st STRATEGY IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA Anies Said Basalamah Secretary General Corruption Eradication Commission The 1 st Asian Public Governance Forum on Public Innovation

2 Organization Chart 11/06/2014 2

3 Good Governance Governance can be defined as the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented). [1] It is often used in several contexts, such as corporate governance, government governance (national and local governance), or even international governance, Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary-General ( ), has underscored that "good governance is perhaps the single most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development." [2] The most important lesson I learnt in the World Bank is that without good governance, we can t promote healthy nation building. The bottom reason of the poverty in South Asia is bad governance in public policy and institution. Dr. Nishimizu Mieko, the Vice-President of the World Bank for South Asia ( ) [2] [1] [2] Photos and quotations are from Prof. Hirotsune Kimura s presentation: Good Governance: Theory and Practice 11/06/2014 3

4 Characteristics of Good Governance Source: 11/06/2014 4

5 Meanings Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. KPK proves its accountability in many ways as indicated, partly, in page 16 (Achievements). KPK also has conviction rate of 100% (either at The First Level Court, Higher Level Court or Supreme Court). It is one of the important components in the Robert Kitgaard corruption formula: Corruption = Monoply + Discretion Accountability (C = D + M A) Transparency means that decisions taken and their enforcement are done in a manner that follows rules and regulations. It also means that information is freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by such decisions and their enforcement. At KPK, its operations are guided by external and internal regulations, especially Code of Ethics Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. KPK is mostly regulated by regulations to process its main activities within certain time frame, usually very short (24 hours, within few days, etc.) A society s well being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society Excerpts from and KPK Annual Report, /06/2014 5

6 Meanings (continued) Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. KPK receives approximately 6,000 allegations from the community every year not only regarding corruption cases. In addition, as reported by the daily Timor Express ( ), KPK is Loved by Media and Community, Most Hated by Indonesian Parliament Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially. KPK according to the regulations is an independent institution Participation by both men and women is a key cornerstone of good governance. As per 31 December 2013, KPK s employees consists of 633 men (66.3%) and 322 women (33.7%). KPK also prepares public participation. Good governance requires mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved In short, good practices at KPK are either set by the Law or designed internally Excerpts from and KPK Annual Report, /06/2014 6

7 Public Participation The Roles of KPK Need Environment Bad System Permisive Behavior Greed Initial Condition Opportunity + = Corruption Intention Intervention Mapping Prevention Evaluation Financial Indicator Performance Indicator Program Indicator Transformation of Values & Behavior Appreciation Zero Corruption Prosecution Law Enforcement Individual Role Model Change Agent Advocacy Control through Public Information Disclosure Public Complaint Social Movements The Roles of Community 11/06/2014 7

8 Establishment of KPK (1) KPK Vision KPK Mission KPK s Role Law No. 30 / 2002 KPK Strategy 11/06/2014 8

9 Establishment of KPK (2) Brand new organization with brand new characteristics that have (never existed before): - A combination of civil and non-civil servants (AGO, Police, NGO, Private Sector, other Civil Servants) - Authority of Pre-Investigation, Investigation, and Prosecution - Single Income system - At cost official travel expense (domestic & international), & economy class for less than 2 hours flight, incl. the Commissioners) - Asset Declaration for all employees from low to high levels - Measurable performance evaluation - Open System Recruitment (from Commissioners to the low level Employees) - Web-based recruitment system - Religiosity is one of KPK Values 11/06/2014 9

10 RELIGIOSITY Source: KPK Annual Report, /06/

11 Few Examples of Good Practices from KPK Units - Employees are trying to conduct the best practices, and eager to aks others to do good things There is a stretegy called KPK First that is meant to be conducted at KPK before implemented at other govermental units - Although the number of employees are limited, it s not stopping KPK in conducting massive effort to prevent and combat corruption: strategy focus (establishing 4 sectors of specific focus, i.e. energy, agriculture livestock, infrastructure, and state revenue), coordination and supervision, cooperations with other institutions are well managed at KPK - All interrogation rooms are monitored, and the process of interview is recorded and sometimes the records are presented at the court as a proof that the process is without any violence 11/06/

12 Few Examples of Good Practices from KPK Units (continued) - Internal auditors who can audit every KPK human resource, incl. the Commisioners - KPK receives approximately 6,000 complaints from Sabang to Merauke regarding corruption practices across the provinces - Coordination of units, especially with regard to financial audit by Supreme Audit Board and performance evaluation by Ministry of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform - Most of KPK recommendations to other governmental units were prepared by Directorate of Research and Development - Information regarding prevention and prosecution not only can be obtained from the Directorate of Education & Public Service but also from the KPK site and Radio KPK called Kanal KPK (both are managed by Bureau of Public Relation 11/06/

13 What We Have Been Doing A. Already Implemented Nationally - Integrity Survey - Anti Corruption Initiative Assessment - Public Perception Survey - Government Officers Performance Evaluation - Gratification Report - Asset Declaration - At Cost Official Travel expenses - Integrity Zone/Corruption Free Area - Forestry Study (on regulatory/institutional/governance/hr Aspects). MoU with 12 Government Agencies - Tax payables of Mine and Coal companies B. Implemented Internally (in KPK as Pilot Project) - Integrity tools assessment (developed from KPK Values) C. To be Implemented National Integrity System 11/06/

14 Achievements Ramon Magsaysay Award 2013 The Best Public Service Institution (Polling by Metro TV, 2010) People s choice 2012 Survey by Tempo Magazine Government Innovation Awarded by KOICA 2010 & 2011 Public Relatoins Media Award, 2012 Unqualified Opinion since 2006 from Supreme Audit Board (BPK) 11/06/

15 OBSTACLES POLITICAL STATE BUDGET SYSTEM VERY STRICT HR RECRUITMENT 11/06/

16 A single entity, including KPK, can never eradicate corruption by it self... It requires participation of all elements in the country to prevent and eradicate corruption Terima Kasih Thank You 02/10/