Historical Tripos Part I Paper 4 British Political History The Tudor and Stuart Age

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1 1 Historical Tripos Part I Paper 4 British Political History The Tudor and Stuart Age Faculty Reading List Moodle. This document can be found on the Paper 4 Moodle website. Course Guide. The Moodle site includes the Course Guide and background information about the Tudor-Stuart age. All lecturers are encouraged to put their handouts on the site. It is vital to use this Reading List in conjunction with the Course Guide. Asterisk / debates / essays. In the reading lists below, key items are marked with asterisks. Please note that the reading lists contain more items for each topic that you can realistically cover in a week, but these bibliographies are provided as a resource to enable you to pursue your own interests within the paper and to offer alternatives should you be unable to obtain particular items for a given supervision. Each list is preceded by a note of some of the main debates and questions for discussion. Convenor. The current course convenor (Dr Gabriel Glickman, gng22@cam.ac.uk) welcomes comments from supervisors and students concerning additions and amendments to these reading lists. Two sections. The paper is divided into two sections. Section A, Chronological, comprises 15 topics covering the whole period sequentially and in a British context. Section B, Themes in Early Modern British History, comprises 8 topics that encompass the whole period. Candidates taking this paper will need to engage with the history of all three kingdoms, though it will also be possible for them to develop a special knowledge of one or more of these. In the examination, candidates should not feel constrained by the boundaries between Sections A and B, but they should avoid undue repetition. Exam paper. The exam paper is divided into the same two sections, and candidates are required to answer three questions, including at least one from each section. The exam paper will include questions on each of the 23 topics. Basic books. If you have never studied the period before, some beginners' items are: Kenneth Morgan, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain (1984). John Morrill, ed., Oxford Illustrated History of Tudor and Stuart England (1996). Patrick Collinson, The Sixteenth Century, (2002). Blair Worden, The English Civil Wars, (2009). Jenny Wormald, ed., The Seventeenth Century (2008). Textbooks. Some excellent textbooks: Stephen Ellis and Christopher Maginn, The Making of the British Isles (2007). John Guy, Tudor England (1988). Jane Dawson, Scotland Reformed (2007). Mark Nicholls, A History of the Modern British Isles, (1999). Barry Coward, The Stuart Age (1978). David Scott, Leviathan: the Rise of Britain as a World Power (2013). David Smith, A History of the Modern British Isles, (1998). Nicholas Canny, N., From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, (1987). T. Moody, F. Martin, and F. Byrne, A new history of Ireland: vol. 3, (1991).

2 Primary sources. You may wish to equip yourself with one or more documentary sourcebooks: G. R. Elton, ed., The Tudor Constitution (1960, and later editions). J. P. Kenyon, ed., The Stuart Constitution (1966, and later editions). E. N. Williams, ed., The Eighteenth-Century Constitution (1960, later editions). David Wootton, ed., Divine Right and Democracy (1986). [Stuart century] W. C. Dickinson, G. Donaldson, and I. A. Milne (eds) A Source Book of Scottish History ( ). Note also English Historical Documents Online, vols. IV, Va, Vb, VI (accessible online, see below). Internet resources. There are many useful internet resources for early modern British history, available via the Newton Catalogue e-resources site. The most important are: JSTOR (journal articles). ODNB (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography). EEBO (Early English Books Online: for pre-1700 printed texts). ECCO (Eighteenth-Century Collections Online: for printed texts). ESTC (English Short Title Catalogue: bibliography of pre-1800 printed books). Bibliography of British and Irish History (via Brepolis). BHO (British History Online). Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 ( English Historical Documents Online, vols. IV, Va, Vb, VI, cover our period. Depositions relating to the 1641 rebellion ( Journals. The journals which contain most key articles on early modern British history are: 2 English Historical Review Historical Journal Historical Research Journal of British Studies Journal of Ecclesiastical History Journal of Modern History Past and Present Transactions of the Royal Historical Society More primary sources. Although not part of the formal Reading Lists, do try to inform your understanding of the Tudor-Stuart age by reading primary sources. Here are some more: Gilbert Burnet, History of my Own Time, abridged T. Stackhouse (1991). Oliver Cromwell, Speeches, ed. I. Roots (2002). Lucy Hutchinson, Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson, ed. N. H. Keeble (1995). James VI and I, Political Writings, ed. J. P. Sommerville (1994). John Milton, Political Writings, ed. M. Dzelzainis (1991). Thomas More, Utopia, eds. M. Logan and R. Adams (2002). Roger Morrice, The Entring Book of Roger Morrice, gen. ed. M. Goldie, 6 vols. (2007). Samuel Pepys, Diary, eds. R. Latham and W. Matthews, 11 vols. ( ). H. C. Porter, ed., Puritanism in Tudor England (1970). Andrew Sharp, ed., The English Levellers (1998). Thomas Smith, De Republica Anglorum, ed. M. Dewar (1982). Table of Contents

3 Section A (Chronological): Early Modern Britain and Ireland [15] 3 1. Kingship at the turn of the sixteenth century: Henry VII and James IV Politics and government in the British Isles, c The Henrician Reformation and its repercussions Crisis and Conflict in the British Isles Securing Regimes and Eliminating Rivals: Governance in the British Isles War and succession politics in the British Isles, Reformation and state religion c Politics and government, Religion and the church, The Civil Wars, regicide, and the radicals, The Interregnum, Oliver Cromwell, and the republicans, Politics in the reign of Charles II, James VII and II and the Revolution, Parliament, parties, and political culture, The restored church and religious dissent, Section B: Themes in Early Modern British History [8] 16. The three kingdoms and the British problem 17. Centre and locality: state formation and patterns of governance 18. The culture of power and the power of culture 19. Political ideas: sovereignty, common law, counsel, and constitution 20. Rebellion, Resistance and Revolt 21. Media and opinion: pulpits and pamphlets, news and censorship 22. Britain, Europe, and Christendom 23. The emergence of the Atlantic Empire

4 Section A: Chronological Early Modern Britain and Ireland Kingship at the turn of the sixteenth century: Henry VII and James IV, Key debates Impact of the Wars of the Roses Centralisation of government Crown finance, the royal demesne, and lordship A new monarchy the end of the Middle Ages? Questions for discussion Did Henry VII ever escape the insecurity of the Wars of the Roses? Might he have done so if he had pursued different policies? Did Henry VII and/or James IV significantly alter the conduct or principles of government? Why was crown finance so prominent a feature of either/both reigns? Why were relations between the crown and the nobility so different under these two kings? Does the term new monarchy have any value in understanding either/both reigns? Key publications: Henry VII Carpenter, C., The Wars of the Roses (1997), chs Cavill, P.R., The English Parliaments of Henry VII, (2009). Chrimes, S.B., Henry VII (1972; 1999 edn. has new intro. only). *Condon, M., Ruling elites in the reign of Henry VII, in C. Ross, ed., Patronage, Pedigree and Power in Later Medieval England (1979); reprinted in J. Guy, ed., The Tudor Monarchy (1997). Cooper, J.P., Henry VII s last years reconsidered, Historical Journal, 2 (1959) [see Elton]. *Cunningham, S., Henry VII (2007). Davies, C.S.L., Information, disinformation and political knowledge under Henry VII and early Henry VIII, Historical Research, 85 (2012). Davies, C.S.L., Tudor: what s in a name?, History 97 (2012). Elton, G.R., Henry VII: rapacity and remorse, Historical Journal, 1 (1958), and Henry VII: a restatement, Historical Journal, 4 (1961); both reprinted in his Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, vol. 1 (1974) [see Cooper]. Goodman, A., The New Monarchy: England (1974) Grummitt, D., A Short History of the Wars of the Roses (2013), chs Grummitt, D., Henry VII, chamber finance and the new monarchy, Historical Research, 72 (1999). Gunn, S.J., The accession of Henry VIII, Historical Research, 64 (1991). Gunn, S.J., The courtiers of Henry VII, English Historical Review, 108 (1993); reprinted in J. Guy, ed., The Tudor Monarchy (1997). Gunn, S.J., Early Tudor Government (1995), esp. intro. Gunn, Henry VII, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) [online]. *Gunn, S.J., Henry VII in context: problems and possibilities, History, 92 (2007). Horowitz, M.R., ed., Who was Henry VII? = special issue of Historical Research, 82/2 (2009). Horrox, R., Yorkist and early Tudor England, in C.T. Allmand, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 7 (1998). Lander, J.R., Bonds, coercion and fear: Henry VII and the peerage, in his Crown and Nobility (1976). Luckett, D., Crown, office and licensed retinues in the reign of Henry VII, in R. Archer and S. Walker, eds., Rulers and Ruled in Late Medieval England (1995). Penn, T., Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England (2011). Pollard, A.J., The Wars of the Roses (3 rd edn., 2013), ch. 5.

5 Pugh, T.B., Henry VII and the English nobility, in G.W. Bernard, ed., The Tudor Nobility (1992). Ross, J., John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl of Oxford (2011); retitled for paperback edn. The Foremost Man of the Kingdom (2015). Storey, R.L., The Reign of Henry VII (1968). *Thompson, B., ed., The Reign of Henry VII (1995), esp. intro., Carpenter, Watts. Watts, J.L., ed., The End of the Middle Ages? (1998), esp. intro., Gunn, concl. Key publications: James IV Boardman, S., Royal finance and regional rebellion in the reign of James IV, in J. Goodare and A.A. MacDonald, eds., Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2008). Brown, J.M., ed., Scottish Society in the Fifteenth Century (1977), esp. chs Burns, J., The true law of kingship: concepts of monarchy in early modern Scotland (1996), chs *Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, (2007), intro., pt. 1. MacDonald, A.A., Princely culture in Scotland under James III and James IV, in M.L. Gosman, A. MacDonald, and A.J. Vanderjagt, eds., Princes and Princely Culture, , vol. 1 (2003). Macdougall, N., James IV (1989). Macdougall, N., The estates in eclipse? Politics and parliaments in the reign of James IV, in K.M. Brown and R.J. Tanner, eds., Parliament and Politics in Scotland, (2004). Macfarlane, L.J., William Elphinstone and the Kingdom of Scotland, : The Struggle for Order (1985). Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal: Political Thought in Renaissance and Reformation Scotland (1998), chs. 1, 3. *Mason, R., Renaissance monarchy? Stewart kingship ( ), in M. Brown and R. Tanner, eds., Scottish Kingship, (2008). Stevenson, K., Chivalry, British sovereignty and dynastic politics: undercurrents of antagonism in Tudor-Stewart relations, c.1490-c.1513, Historical Research, 86 (2013). *Wormald, J., Court, kirk and community, (1981), pt. 1. Wormald, J., Taming the magnates?, in K. Stringer, ed., Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland (1985). Key publications: Ireland, Wales and Henry VII s international relations Arthurson, I., The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy, (1994). Bennett, M.J., Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (1987). Conway, A., Henry VII s Relations with Scotland and Ireland, (1932). Cosgrove, A., ed., A New History of Ireland, vol. 2 (1987), chs *Connolly, S., Contested Island: Ireland (2007), chs Currin, J., England s international relations, : continuities amidst change, in S. Doran and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005). Ellis, S.G., Henry VII and Ireland, , in J.F. Lydon, ed., Ireland in the Later Middle Ages (1981). *Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1998), intro., chs Robinson, W.R.B., Early Tudor policy towards Wales, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, 20/4 (1964), 21/1 (1964), 21/4 (1966). Smith, J.B., Crown and community in the principality of north Wales in the reign of Henry VII, Welsh Historical Review, 3 (1966-7). *Williams, G., Recovery, reorientation and Reformation: Wales, (1987); re-titled Renewal and Reformation for paperback edn. (1993), chs

6 2. Politics and government in the British Isles, c Key debates The rise of the court the decline of the nobility? Kings, ministers, and factions: agency in a personal monarchy State formation and a Tudor revolution in government Questions for discussion Did the pre-eminence of the royal court transform the practice of politics? Were monarchs more or less beholden to their subjects as a result? Was there any substance behind the competitive glamour of Renaissance kingship? How coherent and effective were efforts at governmental reform? What motivated them? Key publications: Henry VIII Bernard, G.W., The continuing power of the Tudor nobility, in Bernard, ed., The Tudor Nobility (1992). a *Bernard, G.W., Elton s Cromwell, History, 83 (1998). a Bernard, G.W., The fall of Anne Boleyn, English Historical Review, 106 (1991). a Bernard, G.W., The fall of Wolsey reconsidered, Journal of British Studies, 35 (1996). a Bernard, G.W., ed., The Tudor Nobility (1992). Coleman, C., and D. Starkey, eds., Revolution Reassessed (1986), esp. Starkey #2 c, Guy b. Davies, C.S.L., The Cromwellian decade, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6 th series, 7 (1997). Elton, G.R., Reform and Reformation: England (1977). [Elton, G.R, The Tudor Revolution in Government (1953)] approach through the debate between P. Williams, G.L. Harriss, J.P. Cooper, and Elton in Past & Present, 25 (1963), 26 (1963), 29 (1964), 31 (1965), 32 (1965). Ellis, S.G., Frontiers and noble power in the early Tudor state, History Today, 45/4 (April 1995). c Graves, M.A.R., Early Tudor Parliaments (1990). Gunn, S.J., Chivalry and the politics of the early Tudor court, in S. Anglo, ed., Chivalry in the Renaissance (1990). *Gunn, S.J., Early Tudor Government (1995). Gunn, S.J., The French wars of Henry VIII, in J. Black, ed., The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe (1987). *Gunn, S.J, The structures of politics in early Tudor England, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6 th series, 5 (1995). Guy, J., The Henrician age, in J.G.A. Pocock, ed., Varieties of British Political Thought (1993). b Guy, J., The king s council and political participation, in A. Fox and Guy, Reassessing the Henrician Age (1986). b *Guy, J., Thomas Cromwell and the intellectual origins of the Henrician Revolution, in A. Fox and Guy, Reassessing the Henrician Age (1986). c Harris, I., Some origins of a Tudor revolution, English Historical Review, 126 (2011). Ives, E.W., Faction in Tudor England (2 nd edn, 1986). Ives, E.W., The fall of Anne Boleyn, English Historical Review, 107 (1992). Ives, E.W., Henry VIII, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004) [on-line]. MacCulloch, D., ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (1995). Miller, H., Henry VIII and the English Nobility (1986). Richardson, G., Eternal peace, occasional war: Anglo-French relations under Henry VIII, in S. Doran and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and its Neighbours (2005). Richardson, G., The Field of the Cloth of Gold (2013). Richardson, G., Renaissance Monarchy (2002). Scarisbrick, J.J., Henry VIII (1968; 1997 edn. has new intro.).

7 Starkey, D., From feud to faction, History Today, 32/11 (Nov. 1982). *Starkey, D., Intimacy and innovation: the rise of the privy chamber, , in Starkey, ed., The English Court from the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War (1987). Starkey, D., The Reign of Henry VIII (1985). Starkey, D., Representation through intimacy, in I. Lewis, ed., Symbols and Sentiments (1977). c Starkey, D., ed., Henry VIII: A European Court in England (1991) = exhibition catalogue. *Wooding, L., Henry VIII (2008). a = reprinted in G.W. Bernard, Power and Politics in Tudor England (2000) b = reprinted in J. Guy, Politics, Law and Counsel in Tudor and Early Stuart England (2000) c = reprinted in J. Guy, ed., The Tudor Monarchy (1997) Key publications: Henrician government in Ireland and Wales Bradshaw, B., The Irish Constitutional Revolution of the Sixteenth Century (1979). *Bradshaw, B., The Tudor reformation and revolution in Wales and Ireland: the origins of the British problem, in Bradshaw and J. Morrill, eds., The British Problem (1997). Brady, C., The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland, (1994), prologue, ch. 1. *Brady, C., Comparable histories? Tudor reform in Wales and Ireland, in S.G. Ellis and S. Barber, eds., Conquest and Union (1995). Connolly, S., Contested Island: Ireland (2007), ch. 3. Ellis, S.G., England in the Tudor state, Historical Journal, 26 (1983). Ellis, S.G., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1997), chs Ellis, S.G., Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power (1995). Haywood, E., Humanism s priorities and empire s prerogatives: Polydore Vergil s description of Ireland, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, 109 (2009). Maginn, C., The Gaelic peers, the Tudor sovereigns, and English multiple monarchy, Journal of British Studies, 50 (2011). Roberts, P.R., The English crown, the principality of Wales and the council of the Marches, , in B. Bradshaw and J. Morrill, eds., The British Problem (1996). Roberts, P.R., Wales and England after the Tudor union, in C. Cross, D. Loades, and J.J. Scarisbrick, eds., Law and Government under the Tudors (1988). *Robinson, W.R.B., The Tudor revolution in Welsh government, : its effect on gentry participation, English Historical Review, 103 (1988). Williams, G., Recovery, Reorientation and Reformation: Wales, (1987); re-titled Renewal and Reformation for paperback edn. (1993), chs Key publications: James V Blakeway, A., Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2015). Burns, J., The True Law of Kingship (1996), chs *Cameron, J., James V: The Personal Rule, (1998), Cathcart, A., James V, king of Scotland and Ireland?, in S. Duffy, ed., The World of the Galloglass (2007). Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, (2007), pt. 2. Edington, C., Court and Culture in Renaissance Scotland: Sir David Lindsay of the Mount (1994). Hadley Williams, J., ed., Stewart Style, (1996), esp. Murray. Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal (1998), chs Mason, R., Renaissance monarchy? Stewart Kingship ( ), in M. Brown and R. Tanner, eds., Scottish Kingship, (2008) *Thomas, A., Princelie Majestie: The Court of James V of Scotland (2005). Wormald, J., Court, Kirk and Community, (1981), pt. 1. 7

8 3. The Henrician Reformation and its repercussions, Key debates Cause: more complex and deep-rooted than the King s Great Matter? Agency: the king s reformation vs. a process of elite political manoeuvring Character: Catholic (without the pope), Erasmian humanist, international evangelical Reception: support, co-operation, collaboration, resistance, and indifference Effect: creative and destructive influences on popular piety and religious identities Questions for discussion Is the condition of the Church before 1529 relevant in explaining the Henrician Reformation? Was the Henrician Reformation simply an idiosyncratic melange of royal prejudices? Why did a king who hated Luther end up heading a Church that was influenced by his ideas? How popular was the Henrician Reformation in England and/or Wales and/or Ireland? Key publications: Henrician Reformation Amos, N.S., A. Pettegree, and H.F.K. van Nierop, eds., The Education of a Christian Society: Humanism and the Reformation in Britain and the Netherlands (1999) Aston, M., England s Iconoclasts (1988). Bernard, G.W., The dissolution of the monasteries, History, 92 (2011). Bernard, G.W., The King s Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church (2005). Bernard, G.W., The Late Medieval English Church (2012). Bernard, G.W., The making of religious policy, , Historical Journal, 41 (1998). *Bradshaw, B., Sword, word and strategy in the Reformation in Ireland, Historical Journal 21 (1978). Brigden, S., London and the Reformation (1989). Brigden, S., Youth and the English Reformation, Past & Present, 95 (1982); reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997). Dickens, A., The English Reformation (2 nd edn, 1989), chs. 1-9 on whom see a special issue of Historical Research, 77/195 (2004). Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, (1992), pt. 1 and chs Elton, G.R., Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell (1972). Gunther, K., Reformation Unbound: Protestant Visions of Reform in England, (2014), intro., chs Gunther, K., and Shagan, E.H., Protestant radicalism and political thought in the reign of Henry VIII, Past & Present, 194 (2007). Haigh, C., Anticlericalism and the English Reformation, History, 68 (1983); reprinted in Haigh, ed., The English Reformation Revised (1987). *Haigh, C., English Reformations (1993), prologue, intro., chs Haigh, C., The recent historiography of the English Reformation, Historical Journal, 25 (1982); reprinted in C. Haigh, ed., The English Reformation Revised (1987). Harper-Bill, C., Dean Colet s convocation sermon and the pre-reformation Church in England, History, 32 (1988); reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997) [sermon is in English Historical Documents, vol. 5, doc. 79] Hope, A., Lollardy: the stone the builders rejected?, in P. Lake and M. Dowling, eds., Protestantism and the National Church in Sixteenth-Century England (1987). Hoyle, R.W., The origins of the dissolution of the monasteries, Historical Journal, 38 (1995). Lutton, R., Lollardy and Orthodox Religion in pre-reformation England (2006), esp. ch. 1. MacCulloch, D., Thomas Cranmer (1996). MacCulloch, D., ed., The Reign of Henry VIII (1995), Murphy, MacCulloch, Whiting.

9 Marshall, P., Anticlericalism revested?, in C. Burgess and E. Duffy, eds., The Parish in Late Medieval England (2006). Marshall, P., Is the pope Catholic?, in E.H. Shagan, ed., Catholics and the Protestant Nation (2005); reprinted in his Religious Identities in Henry VIII s England (2006). Marshall, P., Mumpsimus and sumpsimus, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 52 (2001); reprinted in his Religious Identities in Henry VIII s England (2006). Marshall, P., Religious Identities in Henry VIII s England (2006). *Marshall, P., and A. Ryrie, eds., The Beginnings of English Protestantism (2002), esp. intro., Marshall, Ryrie. Marshall, P., ed., The Impact of the English Reformation, (1997), chs Rex, R., The crisis of obedience: God s word and Henry s Reformation, Historical Journal, 39 (1996). Rex, R., The English campaign against Luther in the 1520s, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5 th series, 39 (1989). *Rex, R., Henry VIII and the English Reformation (1993; 2006 edn. has new ch.). Rex, R., The Lollards (2002), chs Rex, R., The religion of Henry VIII, Historical Journal, 57 (2014). Ryrie, A., The Gospel and Henry VIII: Evangelicals in the Early English Reformation (2003). Ryrie, A., The strange death of Lutheran England, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 53 (2002). Scarisbrick, J.J., The Reformation and the English People (1984), esp. chs *Shagan, E.H., Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), intro., plus pts Shagan, E.H., The Rule of Moderation: Violence, Religion and the Politics of Restraint in Early Modern England (2011), ch. 2. Wendebourg, D., ed., Sister Reformations (2010), esp. Null, Ryrie. Key publications: transnational and cross-cultural reformations Cooper, J.P.D., Propaganda and the Tudor State: Political Culture in the Westcountry (2003), chs. 1, 4, 6. Heal, F., Mediating the word: language and dialect in the British and Irish Reformations, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 56 (2005). *Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), pts Jefferies, H.A., The early Tudor reformations in the Irish pale, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 52 (2001). *Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010), ch. 4. Kellar, C., Scotland, England, and the Reformation, (2003), chs Marshall, P., The Greatest Man in Wales : James ap Gruffydd ap Hywel and the International Opposition to Henry VIII, Sixteenth Century Journal, 39 (2008). Mason, R., Regnum et imperium: humanism and the political culture of early Renaissance Scotland, in his Kingship and the Commonweal (1998). Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006), intro., chs Scott, B., Religion and Reformation in the Tudor Diocese of Meath (2006). Murray, J., Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, (2009), chs Ó Hannracháin, T., and R. Armstrong, eds., Christianities in the Early Modern Celtic World (2014). Olson, K.K., Was the Reformation welcomed in Wales?, in H.V. Bowen, ed., A New History of Wales (2011). Williams, G., Wales and the Reformation (1997). Wormald, Court, Kirk and Community, (1981), chs

10 4. Crisis and conflict in the British Isles, Key debates The impact of absentee, female, and underage monarchs The Tudor succession controversy in its international context Religious radicalism in government and against it Religious reform within the regime and outside it Questions for discussion How well did the Tudor and Stewart polities cope with the lack of adult male monarchs? How effective were proxies protectors, regents, presidents as substitute rulers? Why did risings and rebellions cluster in this period? Did religious policies entrench minorities, rather than convert majorities? Were Catholic regimes as innovative as Protestant ones? Could the Scottish Reformers have succeeded without English backing? Key publications: British reformations Alford, S., The Early Elizabethan Polity (1998), chs Cavill, P.R., Heresy and forfeiture in Marian England, Historical Journal, 56 (2013). Cowan, I.B., The Scottish Reformation (1982), esp. chs Davies, C., A Religion of the Word: The Defence of the Reformation in the Reign of Edward VI (2002). Dawson, J.E.A., Revolutionary conclusions: the case of the Marian exiles, History of Political Thought, 11 (1990). Dawson, J.E.A., The two John Knoxes, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 55 (2004). Dawson, J.E.A., William Cecil and the British dimension of early Elizabethan foreign policy, History, 74 (1989). *Duffy, E., Fires of Faith: Catholic England under Mary Tudor (2009). Duffy, E., The Stripping of the Altars (1992; 2005 edn. with new preface), chs ; 16 (on Mary) reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997). Duffy, E., and D. Loades, eds., The Church of Mary Tudor (2006). Evenden, E., and V. Westbrook, eds., Catholic Renewal and Protestant Resistance in Marian England (2015). Hutton, R., The local impact of the Tudor reformations, in C. Haigh, ed., The English Reformation Revised (1987); reprinted in P. Marshall, ed., The Impact of the English Reformation (1997). Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010), chs *Kellar, C., Scotland, England, and the Reformation, (2003). Loades, D., The Religious Culture of Marian England (2010). *MacCulloch, D., Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation (1999). Mason, R., Kingship and the Commonweal: Political Thought in Renaissance Scotland (1998), chs. 5, 9. Merriman, M., The high road from Scotland: Stewarts and Tudors in the mid-sixteenth century, in A. Grant and K. Stringer, eds., Uniting the Kingdom (1995). Merriman, M., The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, (2000). Pettegree, A., Marian Protestantism: Six Studies (1996), esp. intro., ch. 4, concl. Phillips, G., The Anglo-Scots Wars, (1999), chs. 4 ff. Potter, D., Mid-Tudor foreign policy and diplomacy, , in S. Doran and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005). Ryrie, A., The Age of Reformation: The Tudor and Stewart Realms (2009), chs Ryrie, A., Clubs, congregations and the nature of early Protestantism in Scotland, Past & Present, 191 (2006). *Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006).

11 Ryrie, A., Reform without frontiers in the last years of Catholic Scotland, English Historical Review, 119 (2004). Shagan, E.H., Confronting compromise: the schism and its legacy in mid-tudor England, in Shagan, ed., Catholics and the Protestant Nation (2005). Shagan, E.H., Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003), pt. 3. Williams, G., Recovery, Reorientation and Reformation in Wales, c (1987) Key publications: politics in an age of unconventional monarchs *Alford, S., Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI (2002). *Blakeway, A., Regency in Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2015). Bryson, A., Edward VI s speciall men : crown and locality in mid-tudor England, Historical Research, 82 (2009). Bush, M., The Government Policy of Protector Somerset (1977). Elton, G.R., Reform and the commonwealthmen of Edward VI s reign, in P. Clark, A. Smith and N. Tyacke, eds., The English Commonwealth (1979); reprinted in his Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government, vol. 3 (1983). Dawson, J.E.A., Scotland Re-Formed, (2007), chs Doran, S., and T.S. Freeman, eds., Mary Tudor (2011). Edwards, J., Mary I (2011). Fletcher, A., and D. MacCulloch, Tudor Rebellions (rev. 5 th edn., 2008) [wt. primary sources]. Hoak, D., The King s Council in the Reign of Edward VI (1976). Hoak, D., The king s privy chamber, , in D. Guth and J. McKenna, eds., Tudor Rule and Revolution (1982). Hoak, D., Two revolutions in Tudor government: the formation and organization of Mary I s privy council, in D. Starkey and C. Coleman, eds., Revolution Reassessed (1986). Hunt, A., The monarchical republic of Mary I, Historical Journal, 52 (2009). Hunt, A., and A. Whitelock, eds., Tudor Queenship (2010). Ives, E.W., Tudor dynastic problems revisited, Historical Research, 81 (2008). Jordan, C., Woman s rule in sixteenth-century British political thought, Renaissance Quarterly, 40 (1987). Levine, M., Tudor Dynastic Problems, (1973) [wt. primary sources]. Loach, J., Edward VI (1999). Loach, J., and R. Tittler, eds., The Mid-Tudor Polity, c (1980). Loades, D., The Mid-Tudor Crisis, (1992). Loades, D., Philip II and the government of England, in C. Cross, D. Loades, and J.J. Scarisbrick, eds., Law and Government under the Tudors (1988). Loades, D.M, Two Tudor Conspiracies (1965; reprinted 1992) [Wyatt and Dudley]. MacCulloch, D., Kett s rebellion in context, Past & Present, 84 (1979); reprinted in P. Slack (ed.), Rebellion, Popular Protest and Social Order in Early Modern England (1984). Murphy, J., The illusion of decline: the privy chamber, , in D. Starkey, ed., The English Court (1987). *Redworth, G., Matters impertinent to women : male and female monarchy under Philip and Mary, English Historical Review, 112 (1997). Richards, J.M., Mary Tudor (2008). *Richards, J.M., Mary Tudor as sole quene?, Historical Journal, 40 (1997). Ritchie, P., Mary of Guise in Scotland, (2002). Russell, E., Mary Tudor and Mr. Jorkins, Historical Research, 63 (1990). Sanderson, M.H.B., Cardinal of Scotland: David Beaton, c (1986). Shagan, E.H., G.W. Bernard, and M.L. Bush, Protector Somerset and the 1549 rebellions, English Historical Review, 114 (1999) and 115 (2000). Tittler, R., and S. Battley, The local community and the crown in 1553: the accession of Mary Tudor revisited, Historical Research, 57 (1984). Whitelock, A., and D. MacCulloch, Princess Mary s household and the succession crisis, Historical Journal, 50 (2007). 11

12 5. Securing Regimes & Eliminating Rivals: Governance in the British Isles Key debates Stability Court and factions A monarchical republic? Loyalty, rebellion, and resistance Conquest Questions for discussion What were the political principles of Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots? How did Elizabethan queenship differ from Tudor kingship? In what sense, if any, were the three kingdoms of the British Isles states in this period? How helpful is the concept of monarchical republic to our understanding of the period? What was the political significance of the issues surrounding succession to the crown? How politically significant were the courts of Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots? How useful is faction as a means of understanding sixteenth-century court politics? Why was Mary Queen of Scots so great a threat to England and why was she executed in 1587? How was the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland achieved? Key publications Adams, S., Favourites and Factions at the Elizabethan Court, in R. Asch and A. Birke, eds, Princes, Patronage and Nobility (1991) *Adams, S., Leicester and the court: essays on Elizabethan politics (2002), esp. part I. Alford, S., Burghley: William Cecil at the court of Elizabeth I (2008). *Alford, S., The early Elizabethan polity (1998). Brady, C, The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland (1994) Brady, C., and R. Gillespie, eds., Natives and newcomers (1986), esp. chs. by Cunningham, Lennon, Ford, Gillespie. *Brigden, S., New worlds, lost worlds: the rule of the Tudors, (2000), chs Canny, N., The Elizabethan conquest of Ireland (1976). Canny, N., From Reformation to Restoration: Ireland, (1987). Collinson, P., Elizabeth I (2007); also published in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004). *Collinson, P., Elizabethan essays (1994), esp. chs. 1, 3 Collinson, P., The Elizabethan exclusion crisis and the Elizabethan polity, Proceedings of the British Academy, 84 (1994) Dawson, J.,The politics of religion in the age of Mary, Queen of Scots (2002) Doran, S., Monarchy and matrimony: the courtships of Elizabeth I (1996) Doran, S., and N. Jones, eds., The Elizabethan world (2011) Doran, S., and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and its neighbours (2005), nos. 5 7 Ellis, S., Ireland in the age of the Tudors (1997). Goodare, J., State and society in early modern Scotland (1999) Graves, M.A.R., Elizabethan parliaments, , 2nd edn. (1996) *Guy, J., The Tudor monarchy (1997), esp. essays by Guy, Collinson, Williams. Guy, J., My heart is my own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots (2004) Haigh, C., Elizabeth I (2nd edn. 1998) Hammer, P., The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics (1999). Hammer, P.E.J., Elizabeth s wars (2003) Haigh, C., Elizabeth I (1999), ch. 2. Hartley, T.E., Elizabeth s parliaments: queen, lords, and commons, (1992) Jones, N., 'Elizabeth's first year: the conception and birth of the Elizabethan political world', in C. Haigh, ed., The reign of Elizabeth I (1984). Lake, P., & S. Pincus, eds., The politics of the public sphere in early modern England (2007) 12

13 Levin, C., The heart and stomach of a king : Elizabeth I and the politics of sex and power (1994) Lynch, M, Mary Stewart: Queen in Three Kingdoms (1988) McDiarmid, J. F. ed., The monarchical republic of early-modern England (2007). Kesselring, K. J., The Northern Rebellion of 1569: faith, politics and protest in Elizabethan England (2007). McLaren, A., Political culture in the reign of Elizabeth I (1999). Mears, N., Queenship and political discourse in the Elizabethan realms (2005) Richards, J.M., Elizabeth I (2012) Sharpe, K., Selling the Tudor monarchy (2009), pt. 7 Strong, R., The cult of Elizabeth (1977) Walker, J.M., eds., Dissing Elizabeth: negative representations of Gloriana (1998) Williams, P., The later Tudors (1995) *Wormald, J., Court, kirk and community, (1981). *Wormald, J., Mary Queen of Scots: a study in failure (1987). 13

14 6. War and succession politics in the British Isles, Key debates The contested succession to the English throne in its international context The reorientation of Tudor foreign policy The extent of fiscal-military mobilisation The second reign of Elizabeth I against the majority of James VI Political and cultural fatigue at the Tudor fin de siècle Question for discussion How far did James VI subordinate other considerations to his pursuit of the English throne? Who wanted James VI to succeed Elizabeth I? Did these years demonstrate the limits of militarisation? What distinguished Elizabeth s second reign from her first? Was the earl of Essex chiefly responsible for destabilising politics in the 1590s? How do literature and art enhance our understanding of late sixteenth-century politics? Why was English policy in sixteenth-century Ireland such a consistent failure? Key publications Brady, C., From power to policy: the evolution of Tudor reforming strategies in sixteenthcentury Ireland, in B. Mac Cuarta, ed., Reshaping Ireland, (2011). Brady, C., Spenser s Irish crisis: humanism and the experience of the 1590s, Past and Present, 111 (1986). Canny, N., The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland (1976). Connolly, A.F., and L. Hopkins, eds., Essex: The Cultural Impact of an Elizabethan Courtier (2013). Croft, P., King James (2003), chs Cruz, A.J., ed., Material and Symbolic Circulation between England and Spain, (2008), esp. Pi Corrales and García García. Dawson, J.E.A., Anglo-Scottish political culture and the integration of sixteenth-century Britain, in S. Ellis and S. Barber, eds., Conquest and Union (1995). Dean, D., Law-Making and Society in Late Elizabethan England: The Parliament of England, (1996). Dickinson, J., Court Politics and the Earl of Essex, (2012). Dickinson, J., and N. Younger, Just how nasty were the 1590s?, History Today, 64/7 (July 2014). Doran, S., James VI and the English succession, in R. Houlbrooke, ed., James VI and I: Ideas, Authority, and Government (2006). Doran, S., and G. Richardson, eds., Tudor England and Its Neighbours (2005), Doran, Hammer. Doran, S., and N. Jones, eds., The Elizabethan World (2011), esp. Edwards, Hammer, Jones. *Doran, S., and P. Kewes, eds., Doubtful and Dangerous: The Question of Succession in Late Elizabethan England (2014). Ellis, S., Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1997), ch. 12. Gajda, A., The Earl of Essex and Late Elizabethan Political Culture (2012). Gajda, A., Political culture in the 1590s: the second reign of Elizabeth, History Compass, 8 (2010). Gajda, A., The state of Christendom: history, political thought and the Essex circle, Historical Research, 81 (2008). Goodare, J., and M. Lynch, eds., The Reign of James VI (2000), esp. intro., Goodare. *Goodare, J. The Government of Scotland, (Oxford, 2014), intro, chs 4, 6, 12, and 13 especially.

15 Goodare, J., and A.A. MacDonald, eds., Sixteenth-Century Scotland (2008), Grant, Yellowlees, Goodare. Goodare, J., State and society in early modern Scotland (1999) *Guy, J., ed., The Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade (1995). Hammer, P.E.J., Elizabeth s Wars (2003). Hammer, P.E.J., The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics: The Political Career of Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex, (1999). Hammer, P.E.J., The smiling crocodile: the earl of Essex and late Elizabethan popularity, in P. Lake and S. Pincus, eds., The Politics of the Public Sphere in Early Modern England (2007). Holmes, P., The authorship and early reception of A conference about the next succession to the crown of England, Historical Journal, 23 (1980). Kanemura, R., Kingship by descent or kingship by election? The contested title of James VI and I, Journal of British Studies, 52 (2013). Kaufman, P.I., ed., Leadership and Elizabethan Culture (2013), esp. Dickinson, Younger. Loomis, C., Withered plants do bud and blossome yeelds : naturalizing James I's succession, in R. Sturges, ed., Law and sovereignty in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (2011). MacCaffrey, W., The Armada in its context, Historical Journal, 32 (1989). MacCaffrey, W., Elizabeth I: War and Politics, (1992). MacDonald, A.R., Consultation and consent under James VI, Historical Journal, 54 (2011). Maginn, C., William Cecil, Ireland, and the Tudor State (2012). Mason, R.A., Scotland, Elizabethan England and the idea of Britain, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6 th series, 14 (2004). Mayer, J.-C., ed., The Struggle for the Succession in Late Elizabethan England (2004). McGinnis, P.J., and A.H. Williamson, Radical menace, reforming hope: Scotland and English religious politics, , Renaissance and Reformation, 36 (2013). Morgan, H., Never any realm worse governed : Queen Elizabeth and Ireland, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6 th series, 14 (2004). Morgan, H., Tyrone s Rebellion: The Outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland (1993). Nicholls, M., Treason s reward: the punishment of conspirators in the Bye Plot of 1603, Historical Journal, 38 (1995). Nicholls, M., Two Winchester trials: the prosecution of Henry, Lord Cobham, and Thomas, Lord Grey of Wilton, 1603, Historical Research, 68 (1995) [on Bye and Main Plots]. Rapple, R., Martial Power and Elizabethan Political Culture: Military Men in England and Ireland, (2008). Richards, J.M., Elizabeth I (2012), chs Richards, J.M., The English accession of James VI, English Historical Review, 117 (2002). Shagan, E.H., The English inquisition: constitutional conflict and ecclesiastical law in the 1590s, Historical Journal, 47 (2004). Sobecki, S., John Peyton s A Relation of the State of Polonia and the accession of King James I of England, , English Historical Review, 129 (2014). Walker, J.M., ed., Dissing Elizabeth: Negative Representations of Gloriana (1998). Walter, J., A rising of the people? The Oxfordshire rising of 1596, Past & Present, 107 (1985); reprinted in his Crowds and Popular Politics in Early Modern England (2006). Williams, P., The Later Tudors (1995), chs Younger, N., If the Armada had landed: a reappraisal of England s defences in 1588, History, 93 (2008). Younger, N., The practice and politics of troop-raising: Robert Devereux, second earl of Essex, and the Elizabethan regime, English Historical Review, 127 (2012). Younger, N., Securing the monarchical republic: the remaking of the lord lieutenancies in 1585, Historical Research, 84 (2011). Younger, N., War and Politics in the Elizabethan Counties (2012). Younger, N., William Lambarde and the politics of enforcement in Elizabethan England, Historical Research, 83 (2010). 15

16 7. Reformation and state religion, Key debates The Elizabethan settlement: England and Wales Resistance to the Reformation in Ireland The Scottish Reformation The Catholic threat Continental influences Spiritual and temporal loyalties and treason Puritan influence and non-conformity 16 Questions for discussion Why, and with what consequences, was Elizabeth I s government so reluctant to enforce the Elizabethan settlement of religion? Was outward religious conformity all that the late sixteenth-century church and state sought? To what extent did political loyalty to the crown demand a commitment to the established Church in England and Ireland by the late sixteenth century? How was the Reformation enforced and received in the dark corners of the land? How distinctive was the Reformation in Scotland and what roles were played in it by evangelical preachers, aristocracy, and the populace? Why did the Elizabethan Church persecute its opponents so vigorously? Catholicism in late sixteenth-century Britain did not die, it merely adapted to difficult circumstances. Discuss. When and why did the Reformation in Ireland fail? How influential was Europe in the British Reformations between 1558 and 1603? Key publications: Elizabethan religion Bossy, J., The English Catholic Community (1975) Coffey, J., and P. Lim, eds., The Cambridge companion to Puritanism (2008). Collinson, P., The birthpangs of Protestant England (1988). *Collinson, P., The religion of Protestants, (1983). Collinson, P., Richard Bancroft and Elizabethan Anti-Puritanism (2013) Collinson, P., and J. Craig, eds., The Reformation in English towns (1998). Bossy, J., The English Catholic community (1975). Fincham, K., and P. Lake, P., Religious politics in post-reformation England (2006), esp. chs. by MacCulloch and Lake. Ha, P., English Presbyterianism, (2011). Haigh, C., English Reformations: religion, politics, and society under the Tudors (1993). Haigh, C., The Continuity of Catholicism in the English Reformation, Past and Present, 93 (1981) Haigh, C., Success and failure in the English Reformation, Past and Present 173 (2001). Haigh, C., The plain man s pathways to heaven (2007) *Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003), Jones, N., Faith by statute: parliament and the settlement of religion in 1559 (1982). Jones, N., The English Reformation: religion and cultural adaptation (2001). Lake, P., Anglicans and Puritans? Presbyterianism and English conformist thought from Whitgift to Hooker (1988). *Lake, P., Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church (1982), esp. chs Lake, P. and Questier, M., Conformity and Orthodoxy in the English Church, c (2000), esp. chs by Freeman and Walsham *MacCulloch, D., The later Reformation in England, , 2nd edn (2011) *MacCulloch, D., Putting the English Reformation on the map, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 15 (2005). *Marshall, P., The impact of the English Reformation (1997). * Marshall, P., Reformation England (2003) Maltby, J., Prayer book and people in Elizabethan and early Stuart England (1998).

17 Questier, M., Conversion, Politics and Religion in England (1996) Ryrie, A., The age of Reformation: the Tudor and Stewart realms (2009). Shagan, E. ed., Catholics and the Protestant nation (2005). *Shagan, E., The English Inquisition: Constitutional Conflict and Ecclesiastical Law in the 1590s, Historical Journal, 47 (2004) *Tutino, S., Law and Conscience: Catholicism in Early Modern England, (2007) Walsham, A., Church papists: Catholicism, conformity and confessional polemic in early modern England (1993) Walsham, A., Translating Trent: English Catholicism and the Counter Reformation, Historical Research, 78 (2005) Whiting, R., Local Responses to the English Reformation (1998) Scotland Cowan, I., and D. Shaw, eds., The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (1983). *Dawson, J., Scotland re-formed, (2007). Dawson, J.,The politics of religion in the age of Mary, Queen of Scots (2002) Dawson, J, John Knox (2014) Donaldson, G., The Scottish Reformation (1960) Kirk, J., Patterns of Reform: Continuity and Change in the Reformation Kirk (1989) Lynch, M., Edinburgh and the Reformation (1981) MacDonald, A., Jacobean kirk, (1998). Mason, R., ed., John Knox and the British Reformations (1998). McCallum, J. Reforming the Scottish parish : the Reformation in Fife, (2010) McRoberts, D., ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation (1962). *Ryrie, A., The Origins of the Scottish Reformation (2006) Todd, M., The culture of Protestantism in early modern Scotland (2002). *Wormald, J., Court, Kirk and Community, (1981) Cowan, I.B., The Scottish Reformation (1982) Wales Olson, K.K., Was the Reformation welcomed in Wales?, in H.V. Bowen, ed., A New History of Wales (2011). Williams, G., Wales and the Reformation (1997). Ireland Bottigheimer, K., Why the Reformation in Ireland failed: une question bien pose e, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36 (1985) Canny, N., Why the Reformation failed in Ireland: une question mal pose e, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 30 (1979). Ellis, S., Economic Problems of the Church: Why the Reformation Failed in Ireland, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 41 (1990) *Jefferies, H.A., The Irish Church and the Tudor Reformations (2010) Meigs, S., The Reformation in Ireland: Tradition and Confessionalism (1997) Murray, J., Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, (2009) Scott, B., Religion and Reformation in the Tudor Diocese of Meath (2006). The British Reformations Heal, F., Mediating the word: language and dialect in the British and Irish Reformations, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 56 (2005). *Heal, F., Reformation in Britain and Ireland (2003) Ó Hannracháin, T., and R. Armstrong, eds., Christianities in the Early Modern Celtic World (2014) 17

18 8. Politics and government, Key debates Britain Multiple kingdoms The road to civil war Court faction and favourites Foreign policy; war and its cost The nature of parliaments Questions for discussion How did the British question affect James I s domestic policies? What was the effect of the Spanish Match on early Stuart government and politics? Is faction a useful way of understanding early Stuart court politics? To what extent was Charles I s absolutism drawn from continental models? To what extent were Charles I s religious policies responsible for the Wars of the Three Kingdoms? Key publications Bellany, A., 'The murder of John Lambe: crowd violence, court scandal and popular politics in early seventeenth-century England', Past and Present 200 (2008) Bellany, A., '"Rayling rymes and vaunting verse": libellous politics in early Stuart England, ' in Sharpe, K. and P. Lake (eds.), Culture and politics in early Stuart England (1994) Burgess, G., 'On revisionism: an analysis of early Stuart Historiography in the 1970s and 1980s', Historical Journal 33: 3 (1990) Christianson, P., 'Politics, patronage and conceptions of governance: the duke of Buckingham and his supporters in the Parliament of 1628', Huntington Library Quarterly 60 (1998) Cogswell, Thomas, 'John Felton, popular political culture, and the assassination of the duke of Buckingham', Historical Journal 49: 2 (2006) Cogswell, Thomas, 'England and the Spanish Match', in Cust, R., and A. Hughes eds.), Conflict in early Stuart England (1989) Cogswell, 'The people's love: the duke of Buckingham and popularity' in T. Cogswell, R. Cust and P. Lake (eds.), Politics and popularity in early Stuart Britain (2002) Cramsie, J., 'The philosophy of Imperial Kingship and the interpretation of James VI and I' in R. Houlbrooke (ed.), James VI and I: ideas, authority and government (2007) Cressy, D., Charles I and the people of England (2015) Croft, P., King James (2003). Cromartie, A., 'The constitutionalist revolution: the transformation of political culture in early Stuart England', Past and Present 163 (1999) Cust, R., 'Politics and the electorate in the 1620s' in Cust, R. and A. Hughes (eds), Conflict in early Stuart England (1989) Cust, R., 'Anti-puritanism and urban politics: Charles I and Great Yarmouth', Historical Journal 35: 1 (1992) Cust, R., Charles I: a political life (2005). Cust, R., Charles I and the aristocracy (2013) Doran, S., 'James VI and the English succession'. in R. Houlbrooke (ed.), James VI and I: ideas, authority and government (2007) Elton, G. R., A high road to civil war?, in C. H. Carter, ed., From the Renaissance to the Counter-Reformation (1965). Houlbrooke, R., ed., James VI and I: ideas, authority and government (2007) Hughes, A., The causes of the English Civil War (1998 edn). Kishlansky, Charles I: a case of mistaken identity, Past and Present 189 (2005); see also ensuing debate in Past and Present 205 (2009)