THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES. Faculty of International Economic Relations DOCTORAL SCHOOL: ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Transcription

1 THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES Faculty of International Economic Relations DOCTORAL SCHOOL: ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PhD THESIS SUMMARY DIGITIZATION OF EUROPEAN INDUSTRY. CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ROMANIA Scientific Coordinator: Prof.univ.dr. Gabriela DRĂGAN PhD Candidate: Mihaela BUICĂ Bucharest 2018

2 1. contents 2. key words 3. summary

3 CONTENTS Pag. Introduction 8 1 The global and European development context. EU approach to developing and 17 increasing industrial competitiveness 1.1 The concept of sustainable development. Global action and EC involvement in 18 supporting sustainable development, both externally and at Member State level Sustainable development at global and EU level 18 a) Sustainability at global level 18 b) Sustainability at EU level EU priorities and interdependence with global sustainable development goals 20 a) EU priorities 21 b) The interdependence of EU priorities with global sustainable development goals Global Trends and Risks 24 a) Global Trends 25 b) Global risks Competition and competitiveness in the EU. Digitization as a global phenomenon 27 and a determinant factor in increasing EU competitiveness Competition and competitiveness. The relationship between governance 28 (institutions, policies) and economic development in the EU: Industrial Policies in the EU or an EU Industrial Policy? a) Competition policy within the EU 29 b) Competitiveness within the EU 29 c) The relationship between governance (institutions, policies) and economic 31 development in the EU: Industrial Policies in the EU or a EU Industrial Policy? The Fourth Industrial Revolution. The role of digitization in the current industrial 34 structures Risks and challenges of digitization Literature review - documentation on research in the field Conclusions of the chapter and establishment of the research directions. Working 48 methods. 2 Industrialization vs. deindustrialisation in the EU and the concept of sustainable 54 manufactory. The new EU industrial policy and the impact of digitization on the European economy (historical, legal, institutional, economic) 2.1 Evolution of the manufacturing / industrial sector in the EU Industrialization versus deindustrialization in the EU. Sustainable Manufacturing 60 a) The phenomenon of deindustrialization 60 b) Sustainable Manufacturing About the new EU industrial policy New industrial policy in the context of Europe 2020 strategy. The main aspects of 64 the evolution, purpose and direction of development.

4 2.3.2 The holistic approach of the renewed EU Industrial Policy Strategy. 69 Interdependence between the Flagship Initiatives 'An Industrial Policy for the Globalization Era', 'Innovation Union', 'A Digital Agenda for Europe' and 'New Skills for New Jobs' to boost EU competitiveness Interdependence between cohesion policy and EU industrial policy in terms of 79 objectives and action lines in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy Comparative analysis of the digitization stage: 83 a) within the EU; 83 b) between EU countries and non-eu economically advanced countries Conclusions of the chapter 93 3 Addressing the challenges arising from the implementation of digitization in 95 terms of management (public sector versus private sector) 3.1 Change management approach: public sector versus private sector 96 a) What is change management? 98 b) Industrial Revolutions as the main factor of change 99 c) The change in the public sector: about the change initiatives for public sector: e- 101 Democracy, e-government, the Global Initiative on Agile Governance, the Future of Government project, Young Global Leaders Program, Policy Making Multiple Case Study: Change management - Addressing changes by the 106 management of an enterprise of France versus Romania a) The Saint-Gobain Group, global action and in Romania 106 b) Glass Factory Tomeşti, Timiş County, Romania Conclusions of the chapter Digitizing the industry in Romania. Opportunities and challenges The size and evolution of the manufacturing / industrial sector in Romania; The Romanian industry before The Romanian industry between 1859 and The Romanian industry between present Contextual analysis of social progress, competitiveness and digitization in 130 Romania (legislation, relevant indicators, public sector versus private sector) Romania's main strategies with impact on social progress, competitiveness and 130 digitization process The relevant results achieved so far by Romania on social progress, 136 competitiveness, digitization, CD & I, education and training Identifying Romania's strengths and weaknesses in the digitization process 149 compared to some of the better positioned countries in the European ranking: Comparative analysis between Romania, Germany, Poland and Denmark, based on the Economy and Digital Society Index The contribution of the private sector to increasing the Romanian competitiveness 154 through digitization; The role and importance of public-private partnership

5 4.3 Financing of industrial policy at EU level. Case study: use of ESI funds by 164 Romania to support competitiveness; Analysis of OP Competitiveness: programming periods and ; 4.4 Conclusions of the chapter Conclusions Main analyzed aspects and main findings The global context of development The EU approach to the economic and technological revolution Addressing change by decision-makers: public and private Romania and the new European industrial policy Action directions to increase the efficiency of industrial policy in Romania Proposal for a possible organizational change Development of the Romanian industry: action scenarios Lessons for Romania Final conclusions 184 References 185 Annex 1.The Fourth Industrial Revolution- connections 200 Annex 2. The architecture of cohesion policy for the programming period Anexa 3. The architecture of cohesion policy for the programming period Anexa 4. Thematic Objectives of ESI Funds 203 Anexa 5. Organization chart of the Ministry of Communications and Information 204 Technology Anexa 6. Organization chart of the Ministry of Economy 205 List of abbreviations and acronyms 206 List of tables 210 List of figures / graphs 211 List of annexes 214 KEYWORDS Industry, Europe, Romania, globalization, industrial revolution, digitization, competitiveness, sustainable development, leadership, public administration, change, action scenarios

6 SUMMARY Să nu stăm pe loc, toată Europa merge înainte, căci poate veni timpul când să fim nevoiți a zice: este prea târziu 1 Petre Sebeșanu Aurelian (Radu-Dan, 2011: 75) It is said that, with the arrival of the last technological revolution the fourth one which is mainly based on the use of the internet and of the digital technologies, humanity entered into the digital era. Romania, despite its resources and its potential, takes the first wavering steps into this era if we take into account its positioning among the last places of the rankings which monitor the digitization process. The same places are occupied by Romania in all European rankings that quantify social progress, competitivity, research, development and innovation, education and training. All these, lead to the idea of an overall faulty administration, especially when considering that most if not all organizations at global level, no matter the field, public or private, have entered into a major transformative process in order to adapt to this new digital age. With these premises, Romania has only two development options : a) Accepting a slow and minor progress which implies maintaining its place in the rankings and hoping that development will come as a result of the inertia. For this option the implicit risks associated with the low rankings are to be taken into consideration. b) Mobilizing itself as a country thus ensuring an overall quantifiable growth with the distinct possibility of actually excelling in a few fields. The second development option presents itself with three development scenarios: 1. Development through the strong influence of the public sector 2. Development through the strong influence of the private sector 3. Development through partnerships A worthwhile organizational change would be the creation of a dedicated ministry whose objectives and structures would fit the strategic directions of the new european industrial policy. An alternative can be considered the strengthening of current structures like the Ministry of Communications and Informational Society or the Ministry of Economy, and at the same time increasing their competencies and capacities for action. 1 "Let's not stand still, all of Europe is going forward, for the time may come when we are compelled to say: it is too late" t.a.