Simple models for complex systems toys or tools? (part I) Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wrocław
|
|
- Felicity Stone
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Simple models for complex systems toys or tools? (part I) Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wrocław
2 Lessons from simple models Computational philosophy: lessons from simple models (October 11-13, 2007, Niels Bohr Institute) This meeting celebrates the 20 year anniversary of selforganized criticality and the approach to science personified by one of its inventors the late Per Bak. Organizers: Dante Chialvo, Maya Paczuski and Kim Sneppen (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 2
3 Simple models Easier to deal with Do not attempt many detailed predictions Help to understand universal features Pose fundamental questions related to cooperativity self-organization communication regulation and functionality How do complicated systems keep any organization? Simple rules complex behaviour? (c) 2011 Complex Katarzyna Sznajd-Weronsystem simple behavior? 3
4 Various complex systems Biological evolution Population dynamics Opinion dynamics Culture, Lenguages Traffic, pedestrian trafific, evacuation And many others (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 4
5 Agenda: Physics and Sociology Schelling Segregation Model A short historical perspective Can we treat people like particles? - social psychology Sociology public opinion Simple models of opinion dynamics Types of social response Introducing noise Updating scheme is important! (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 5
6 Thomas Schelling An American economist (14 April 1921) Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2005) for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis. Checkerboard model of residential segregation (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 6
7 Aydinonat, N. Emrah, (2005) Economics Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 2 pp. 1 7 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 7
8 An Interview with One day I was flying home from Chicago, and I did not have anything to read. I wondered what to do ( ) So, I drew a line on a sheet of paper, put down ( ) X s and O s, and said now suppose I thought that these were black and whites, and both had ideas about neighbors. I started moving them around ( ) xo o x x o x o x o xoo ox (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 8
9 Interesting Idea I had to erase marks to move them, and was extremely clumsy, but by the time my plane landed in Boston I decided this was going to prove interesting. (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 9
10 The Checkerboard Model (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 10
11 Dynamic Model of Segregation. The spatial structure of the model is a 2D grid. There are B (blue) agents and R (red) agents who are initially located on the grid at random. Agents may be happy or unhappy. Agent are unhappy if the proportion of other agents of its color in its neighborhood is below a certain threshold. In each iteration one unhappy agent is randomly selected to move to a random empty cell in the lattice (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Schelling, Thomas C. (1971) Dynamic Models of Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1:
12 Micromotives and Macrobehavior Below certain critical tolerance racial segregation is an equilibrium state (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 12
13 Lesson from this simple model Mild preferences total segregation Simple agent s rules can create complex global patterns or emergent behavior A milestone in the study of emergent global phenomena based on local social interactions Agent based modeling Schelling, Thomas C. (1971) Dynamic Models of Segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1: (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 13
14 What about Ising model? ( ) long time ago I discovered, somebody told me that, there were some physical models, I think something in crystal formation. Somebody was referring to ISING model, which was a well-known model of, I think, crystal formation [cytat z wywiadu przeprowadzonego przez N. Emrah Aydinon] (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 14
15 Ising model Local interactions order Temperature random changes Low temperature order should dominate High temperature disorder should dominate (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 15
16 Let s have a look (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 16
17 From social psychology to sociology Social Psychology Fundamental unit: A person (micro scale) Sociology Fundamental unit: A social group (macro scale) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 17
18 A historical perspective Philip Ball The physical modeling of society: a historical perspective, Physica A (2002) English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ( ) - The first person to try to deduce what the mechanical model of the universe meant for human society Leviathan, 1642: a model the collective Commonwealth theoretical framework - preferences of individuals and the nature of the interactions between them (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 18
19 Social physics Introduced by Adolphe Quetelet in 1835 Essay on Social Physics: Man and the Development of his Faculties Project of a social physics and concept of the "average man Average man - characterized by the mean values of measured variables that follow a normal distribution Goal - to understand the statistical laws underlying such phenomena as crime rates, marriage rates or suicide rates. (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 19
20 Quetelet - histograms 152 cm 162 cm 167 cm 177 cm 182 cm 197 cm (c) 2009 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 20
21 Scotland 1995 BMI (c) 2009 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 21
22 Average man and crime rates France (from 1827) statistical data about crimes Number of crimes is constant (each year) Quetelet behavior is driven by forces independent of the free will Everybody has a free will!!! What about sociology? (c) 2009 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 22
23 Social physics Sociology French political philosopher Auguste Comte Comte defined social physics as the study of the laws of society (1842) He discovered that Quetelet had appropriated the term 'social physics' prior to him He invented the term 'sociologie' (sociology) He disagreed with Quetelet's collection of statistics. (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 23
24 Physics becomes statistical Maxwell - Kinetic theory of gases (1859) He indicated in 1873, the experiences of social physicists lent him confidence that this statistical approach could extract order from the microscopic chaos The molecules are like so many individuals, having the most various states of motion, and the properties of gases only remain unaltered because the number of these molecules Statistics, entering physics through the agency of social science, soon came to dominate it (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 24
25 Sociophysics was born XXXVI Winter School Exotic Statistical Physics (2000) Serge Galam father and mother of sociophysics Galam, Gefen i Shapir (1982 ) new field sociophysics You can learn more from 25
26 Our hope Social Psychology Fundamental unit: A person (micro scale) Sociology Fundamental unit: A social group (macro scale) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 26
27 Can we find a simple rule? (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 27
28 Can we treat people like particles? Social psychology situation more important than individual traits Social influence (Latane, 1981) Informational influence (Sherif 1935) Normative influence (Asch 1956) Conformity: obedience to authority, peer pressure, social validation (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 28
29 Conformity Conformity - the main mechanism of collective actions. Informational: when in doubt, imitate Normative: when in Rome, do as the Romans do. Aversion to standing out in the crowd (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 29
30 Sherif experiment (1935) Informational Influence Participants observed a stationary point of light in a dark room Asked to judge how much the light source moved (autokinetic effect) Participants took part in groups, heard each other s judgments (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 30
31 Experiment results Participants estimates gradually converged (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 31
32 The power of social validation Milgram, Bickman & Berkowitz, 1969 Results of experiments: 1 4%, % Robert B. Cialdini: Social Validation the fundamental way of decision making (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 32
33 Asch s Experiment Normative Influence Asch (1956) visual perception (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 33
34 conformity conformity (%) The size of the group is important Conformity (social validation) Group size a threshold of 4-5 persons (Latane, 1981) % 30% 20 Milgram et al (1969) the size of the group (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 20% 10% Asch (1956) 0% The size of the group 34
35 Even more surprising (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 35
36 Unanimity is the key! The presence of a social supporter reduced the total number of yielding responses from 32% to 5.5%! Participants were far more independent when they were opposed by a seven person majority and had a partner than when they were opposed by a three-person majority and did not have a partner. (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 36
37 Opinion opinion - verbalized attitude (Trommsdorff 1998), measured in surveys discrete opinions: Ising spins Potts variables Continues opinions? not in surveys private attitude public opinion (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 37
38 Opinion and attitude Attitude - is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item; learned predisposition to respond towards a given object (Fishbein/Ajzen 1975) Attitude based on cognition rational thinking Attitude based on emotions values we subscribe Opinion - verbalized attitude (Trommsdorff 1998), measured in surveys (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 38
39 Public opinion social mood In which direction goes the situation in Poland? bad good no opinion (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 39
40 Problems with social data How to collect them? People investigate the system People create the system Information about people s behavior can change their behavior (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 40
41 individual collective action The hunger protest took place in May-June 2004 in several prisons in Poland. It started in Wołów (reason: overcrowding in cells) Within a week several prisons joined the protest (2320 prisoners in 10 prisons) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 41
42 Protests in Egypt and Tunisia In Egypt protests started on Tuesday, January first on such a large scale since the 1970s The reason? Sociologists claim that it was a domino effect Egyptian revolution has been inspired by the successful revolution in Tunisia In Tunisia - Suicide of a young man who could not find a job and was barred from selling fruit without a permit (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 42
43 Models of opinion dynamics Social network Opinion states Update rules Ising spins and conformity Voter Model Majority model (Galam) Outflow dynamics (Sznajd) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 43
44 Interesting variables: exit (relaxation) time to reach final state as a function of the system size density of interfaces (active bonds) versus the relative number of pairs of neighboring spins with opposite signs exit probability the probability that the system, initially in a disordered configuration with a fraction p of positive spins, reaches a state with all spins of the same sign survival probability fraction of runs surviving at time t, i.e. not having reached full order 1- CDF of exit times (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 44
45 Voter Model (Clifford and Subdury, 1973) m S i 1 N 1 N i 1 S i (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 45
46 Voter model on the lattice Exactly solvable in any dimension (Frachebourg & Krapivsky, 1996) The only stable states are the fully ordered ones! d=1 -> consensus, reached by a finite system after a time τ(n) ~ N^2 d=2 -> consensus, reached by a finite system after a time τ(n) ~ N log N (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 46
47 No surface tension! (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 47
48 Let s have a look (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 48
49 Majority Rule (Galam) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 49
50 Remember - Unanimity is the key! The presence of a social supporter reduced the total number of yielding responses from 32% to 5.5%! Participants were far more independent when they were opposed by a seven person majority and had a partner than when they were opposed by a three-person majority and did not have a partner. (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 50
51 Inflow versus outflow dynamics inflow of information (Glauber dynamics T=0) outflow of information (Sznajd model) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 51
52 m Outflow dynamics - unanimity time (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 52
53 Time evolution for 1D time space (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 53
54 Exit probability and relaxation time [1] R. Lambiotte et al 2008 EPL [2] F. Slanina et al 2008 EPL, (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 54
55 Stauffer s et al. Generalization in 2D In agreement with social theory: Group size a threshold of 4-5 persons Unanimity instead of majority (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 55
56 Stauffer s generalization in 2D (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 56
57 Glauber T=0 (inflow) dynamics V. Spirin, P. L. Krapivsky, and S. Redner, Phys. Rev. E flip the red arrow! do not flip the red arrow! (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 57
58 Let s have a look (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 58
59 Recent Review Article C. Castellano, S. Fortunato, V. Loreto, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, (2009) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 59
60 agreement preexposure disagreement Responses to social influence (Nail et. al. 2000) postexposure agreement disagreement conformity independence congruence anticonformity P.R.Nail, G.MacDonald, D.A.Levy Psychological Bulletin vol. 126, pp (2000) (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 60
61 Anticonformity asserting uniqueness (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 61
62 Conformity and anticonformity They are similar in the sense that both acknowledge the group norm The level of anticonformity depends on the society (asserting uniqueness) Contrarians (Galam, 2002) p 1 p 2 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 62
63 Steady states? Consensus is no more a steady state Is consenus still possible? What is the opinion dynamics? p 0 2 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 63
64 Time evolution of public opinion N=100 individuals high level of anticonformity (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 64
65 Time evolution of public opinion N=100 individuals, low level of anticonformity (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 65
66 Model on a complete graph P1 P1 P2 P2 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 66
67 Time evolution of public opinion (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 67
68 Stationary values of opinion (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 68
69 Lesson from this model Model with conformers and anticonformers For small values of anticonformity (<p*) spontaneous reorientations occur complete repolarizations The mean reorganization time for p=p* is minimal No need to introduce an external field nor a strong leader to obtain social repolarizations (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 69
70 Updating is important!!! (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 70
71 Updating matters K. Sznajd-Weron, S. Krupa, Phys. Rev. E 74, (2006) random sequential updating parallel updating c-parallel updating (randomly chosen fraction c of spins is updated synchronously) Bartosz Skorupa, PhD student Dr Sylwia Krupa (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 71
72 Generalized Glauber dynamics T=0 H i E i, j H i i H i j i i 1 W i 0 W i 0 W i E 1 W 0 0 for for for E E E W i W i W i W i 1 1 1/ 1/ (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron
73 Synchronous updating W 0 1 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 73
74 Time evolution of active bonds (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 74
75 Order parameter (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 75
76 Exit time (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 76
77 Finite size scaling (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 77
78 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 78
79 Glauber dynamics T=0 (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 79
80 Summary Simple models are used by computational sociologists Problem with social data (not a science?) The goal is to understand the system Social influence interactions between individuals Several types of social responce Unexpected behaviour complex systems Dynamics and updating scheme is important! (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 80
81 Thank you for attention (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron 81
Social physics or sociophysics? Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wrocław
Social physics or sociophysics? Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Institute of Theoretical Physics University of Wrocław About 15 years ago (c) 2011 Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron Piotrek Nyczka 2 Part 1 Long, long time
More informationRumor Spreading and Voting
1 Cultural and Social Interactions Culture and Social Interactions Christian Jacob Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Calgary Rumor Spreading and Voting Rumor
More informationFrom 2000 Bush-Gore to 2006 Italian elections: Voting at fifty-fifty and the Contrarian Effect
arxiv:physics/0703095v1 8 Mar 007 From 000 Bush-Gore to 006 Italian elections: Voting at fifty-fifty and the Contrarian Effect Serge Galam Centre de Recherche en Épistémologie Appliquée (CREA), École Polytechnique
More informationSerge Galam. Sociophysics. A Physicist's Modeling of Psycho-political Phenomena. 4^ Springer
Serge Galam Sociophysics A Physicist's Modeling of Psycho-political Phenomena 4^ Springer The Reader's Guide to a Unique Book of Its Kind References xvii xxiii Part I Sociophysics: Setting the Frame 1
More informationAddressing the U.S. Financial/Housing Crisis: Pareto, Schelling and Social Mobility
1 Addressing the U.S. Financial/Housing Crisis: Pareto, Schelling and Social Mobility Brian Castellani, 1 Michael Ball 2 and Kenneth Carvalho 3 1 Department of Sociology, 2 Computer Services, 3 School
More informationThe Two Faces of Emergence in Economics Mark Kuperberg
The Two Faces of Emergence in Economics Mark Kuperberg As this anthology makes clear, there is not one definition of Emergence that is universally agreed to, nor for progress to be made in the field does
More informationNetworked Games: Coloring, Consensus and Voting. Prof. Michael Kearns Networked Life NETS 112 Fall 2013
Networked Games: Coloring, Consensus and Voting Prof. Michael Kearns Networked Life NETS 112 Fall 2013 Experimental Agenda Human-subject experiments at the intersection of CS, economics, sociology, network
More informationA Dynamical Simulation of Riots: Social Stress, Upper Bounds and Governmental Intervention
Universita Ca Foscari Venezia Department of Applied Mathematics Prof. Paolo Pellizzari A Dynamical Simulation of Riots: Social Stress, Upper Bounds and Governmental Intervention Handed in on 23.12.2006
More informationChapter 1 The Sociological Perspective. Putting Social Life Into Perspective. The sociological imagination is: Definition of Sociology:
Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective Putting Social Life Into Perspective Definition of Sociology: Sociologists study societies and social interactions to develop theories of: Society is defined as:
More informationSocial Science and History: How Predictable is Political Behavior?
Social Science and History: How Predictable is Political Behavior? Roger D. Congleton Center for Study of Public Choice GMU and Leiden Universiteit I. Let me begin this lecture with a methodological assertion:
More informationWider than the Sky : social physics and big data
Wider than the Sky : social physics and big data Science has provided reliable knowledge, first about the skies and then about the natural world. Today, the avalanche of data on society drives modelers
More informationThe Interplay Between Conformity and Anticonformity and Its Polarizing Effect on Society.
The Interplay Between Conformity and Anticonformity and Its Polarizing Effect on Society. Patryk Siedlecki 1, Janusz Szwabiński 2, Tomasz Weron 3 1 Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław,
More informationINSTITUTIONS AND THE PATH TO THE MODERN ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM MEDIEVAL TRADE, Avner Greif, 2006, Cambridge University Press, New York, 503 p.
INSTITUTIONS AND THE PATH TO THE MODERN ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM MEDIEVAL TRADE, Avner Greif, 2006, Cambridge University Press, New York, 503 p. Review* In his review of Avner Greif s book Institutions and
More informationTactical Voting in Plurality Elections
in Plurality Elections Nuno A. M. Araújo 1 *, José S. Andrade Jr. 2, Hans J. Herrmann 1,2 1 Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,
More informationChapter 1 What is Sociology? Introduction to Sociology, 10e (Hewitt/White/Teevan)
Chapter 1 What is Sociology? Introduction to Sociology, 10e (Hewitt/White/Teevan) 1) Durkheim called the social sources of behaviour. Answer: social facts 2) is the study of social behaviour and relationships.
More informationPolitical Science 200A Week 8. Social Dilemmas
Political Science 200A Week 8 Social Dilemmas Nicholas [Marquis] de Condorcet (1743 94) Contributions to calculus Political philosophy Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority
More informationSOCIOPHYSICS: CAN WE PREDICT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR?
SOCIOPHYSICS: CAN WE PREDICT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR? Professor : Serge GALAM Academic Year 2017/2018 : Common core curriculum Fall semester COURSE OUTLINE WARNINGS : a `topic' does not mean one
More informationMathematics and Social Choice Theory. Topic 4 Voting methods with more than 2 alternatives. 4.1 Social choice procedures
Mathematics and Social Choice Theory Topic 4 Voting methods with more than 2 alternatives 4.1 Social choice procedures 4.2 Analysis of voting methods 4.3 Arrow s Impossibility Theorem 4.4 Cumulative voting
More informationI. What is a Theoretical Perspective? The Functionalist Perspective
I. What is a Theoretical Perspective? Perspectives might best be viewed as models. Each perspective makes assumptions about society. Each one attempts to integrate various kinds of information about society.
More informationExperimental Computational Philosophy: shedding new lights on (old) philosophical debates
Experimental Computational Philosophy: shedding new lights on (old) philosophical debates Vincent Wiegel and Jan van den Berg 1 Abstract. Philosophy can benefit from experiments performed in a laboratory
More informationRepeat Voting: Two-Vote May Lead More People To Vote
Repeat Voting: Two-Vote May Lead More People To Vote Sergiu Hart October 17, 2017 Abstract A repeat voting procedure is proposed, whereby voting is carried out in two identical rounds. Every voter can
More informationWIKIPEDIA IS NOT A GOOD ENOUGH SOURCE FOR AN ACADEMIC ASSIGNMENT
Understanding Society Lecture 1 What is Sociology (29/2/16) What is sociology? the scientific study of human life, social groups, whole societies, and the human world as a whole the systematic study of
More informationChapter. Estimating the Value of a Parameter Using Confidence Intervals Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Chapter 9 Estimating the Value of a Parameter Using Confidence Intervals 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Section 9.1 The Logic in Constructing Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean
More informationPrentice Hall. Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 9th Edition (Henslin) High School. Indiana Academic Standards - Social Studies Sociology
Prentice Hall Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 9th Edition (Henslin) 2009 High School C O R R E L A T E D T O High School Standard 1 - Foundations of Sociology as a Social Science Students will describe
More informationPART I: STUDYING JURORS
TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures Foreword 10 Practical Features of this Book PROLOGUE PART I: STUDYING JURORS Chapter 1 KNOWING JURORS 1-1. Three Jury Epiphanies. 1-2. The Mystery of Jury Deliberations
More informationPOWER LAW SIGNATURE IN INDONESIAN LEGISLATIVE ELECTION
POWER LAW SIGNATURE IN INDONESIAN LEGISLATIVE ELECTION 999-004 Hokky Situngkir *) Dept. Computational Sociology Bandung Fe Institute Abstract We analyzed the distribution of the result of Indonesian 999
More informationExtended Abstract: The Swing Voter s Curse in Social Networks
Extended Abstract: The Swing Voter s Curse in Social Networks Berno Buechel & Lydia Mechtenberg January 20, 2015 Summary Consider a number of voters with common interests who, without knowing the true
More informationHigh School. Prentice Hall. Sociology, 12th Edition (Macionis) Indiana Academic Standards - Social Studies Sociology.
Prentice Hall Sociology, 12th Edition (Macionis) 2008 High School C O R R E L A T E D T O High School Standard 1 - Foundations of Sociology as a Social Science Students will describe the development of
More informationFrom The Collected Works of Milton Friedman, compiled and edited by Robert Leeson and Charles G. Palm.
Value Judgments in Economics * by Milton Friedman In Human Values and Economic Policy, A Symposium, edited by Sidney Hook, pp. 85-93. New York: New York University Press, 1967. NYU Press I find myself
More informationGame Theory and the Law: The Legal-Rules-Acceptability Theorem (A rationale for non-compliance with legal rules)
Game Theory and the Law: The Legal-Rules-Acceptability Theorem (A rationale for non-compliance with legal rules) Flores Borda, Guillermo Center for Game Theory in Law March 25, 2011 Abstract Since its
More informationLesson Title: Redistricting in Pennsylvania
1 Lesson Title: Redistricting in Pennsylvania ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How are Pennsylvania s voting lines determined? I HAVE: Two days LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to: 1. Read and analyze a secondary
More informationGVPT 221 SPRING 2018 INTRODUCTION TO FORMAL THEORIES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND POLITICS
GVPT 221 SPRING 2018 INTRODUCTION TO FORMAL THEORIES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND POLITICS Professor Piotr Swistak, Department of Government and Politics and the Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific
More informationTHE LOUISIANA SURVEY 2018
THE LOUISIANA SURVEY 2018 Criminal justice reforms and Medicaid expansion remain popular with Louisiana public Popular support for work requirements and copayments for Medicaid The fifth in a series of
More informationWhy Human Rights? Human rights are a precondition for progress and stability; Human rights can only be secured by true democracy;
Why Human Rights? According to Liberal International: Human rights are the core of liberalism; Human rights are a precondition for progress and stability; Human rights can only be secured by true democracy;
More informationNeighborhood Tipping; Blue Hills
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Hartford Studies Collection: Papers by Students and Faculty Hartford Collections 5-3-1993 Neighborhood Tipping; Blue Hills David M. Jones Trinity College
More informationMATH4999 Capstone Projects in Mathematics and Economics Topic 3 Voting methods and social choice theory
MATH4999 Capstone Projects in Mathematics and Economics Topic 3 Voting methods and social choice theory 3.1 Social choice procedures Plurality voting Borda count Elimination procedures Sequential pairwise
More information- Bill Bishop, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America is Tearing Us Apart, 2008.
Document 1: America may be more diverse than ever coast to coast, but the places where we live are becoming increasingly crowded with people who live, think and vote like we do. This transformation didn
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
2000-03 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS JOHN NASH AND THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR BY VINCENT P. CRAWFORD DISCUSSION PAPER 2000-03 JANUARY 2000 John Nash and the Analysis
More informationCompulsory versus Voluntary Voting Mechanisms: An Experimental Study
Compulsory versus Voluntary Voting Mechanisms: An Experimental Study Sourav Bhattacharya John Duffy Sun-Tak Kim January 31, 2011 Abstract This paper uses laboratory experiments to study the impact of voting
More informationINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND TRADE Vol. II - Strategic Interaction, Trade Policy, and National Welfare - Bharati Basu
STRATEGIC INTERACTION, TRADE POLICY, AND NATIONAL WELFARE Bharati Basu Department of Economics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA Keywords: Calibration, export subsidy, export tax,
More informationNotes for Session 7 Basic Voting Theory and Arrow s Theorem
Notes for Session 7 Basic Voting Theory and Arrow s Theorem We follow up the Impossibility (Session 6) of pooling expert probabilities, while preserving unanimities in both unconditional and conditional
More informationDo natives beliefs about refugees education level affect attitudes toward refugees? Evidence from randomized survey experiments
Do natives beliefs about refugees education level affect attitudes toward refugees? Evidence from randomized survey experiments Philipp Lergetporer Marc Piopiunik Lisa Simon AEA Meeting, Philadelphia 5
More informationPredicting Information Diffusion Initiated from Multiple Sources in Online Social Networks
Predicting Information Diffusion Initiated from Multiple Sources in Online Social Networks Chuan Peng School of Computer science, Wuhan University Email: chuan.peng@asu.edu Kuai Xu, Feng Wang, Haiyan Wang
More informationVoting: Issues, Problems, and Systems, Continued
Voting: Issues, Problems, and Systems, Continued 7 March 2014 Voting III 7 March 2014 1/27 Last Time We ve discussed several voting systems and conditions which may or may not be satisfied by a system.
More informationInfluence in Social Networks
CSCI 3210: Computational Game Theory Influence Games Ref: Irfan & Ortiz, AI (2014) Reading: Sections 1 3(up to pg. 86), Sections 4.5, 5 (no proof), 6 bowdoin.edu/~mirfan/papers/irfan_ortiz_influence_games_ai2014.pdf
More informationRESEARCH NETWORKS Nº 21 Social Theory. The bases of the modern theory of societies. Franchuk Victor
RESEARCH NETWORKS Nº 21 Social Theory The bases of the modern theory of societies Franchuk Victor Franchuk V.I. THE BASES OF THE MODERN THEORY OF SOCIETIES Abstract This paper is an attempt to briefly
More informationSystematic Policy and Forward Guidance
Systematic Policy and Forward Guidance Money Marketeers of New York University, Inc. Down Town Association New York, NY March 25, 2014 Charles I. Plosser President and CEO Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
More informationMax Weber. SOCL/ANTH 302: Social Theory. Monday, March 26, by Ronald Keith Bolender
Max Weber 1 SOCL/ANTH 302: Social Theory Background http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbmndjzheei&feature=fvst Born in Thuringia, Germany (1864) Eldest of eight children Weber was a sickly child Suffered
More informationAuthority versus Persuasion
Authority versus Persuasion Eric Van den Steen December 30, 2008 Managers often face a choice between authority and persuasion. In particular, since a firm s formal and relational contracts and its culture
More informationSocial Choice Theory. Denis Bouyssou CNRS LAMSADE
A brief and An incomplete Introduction Introduction to to Social Choice Theory Denis Bouyssou CNRS LAMSADE What is Social Choice Theory? Aim: study decision problems in which a group has to take a decision
More informationIssues & Controversies
1 Sports in Society: Issues & Controversies Class 2 The Sociology of Sport: What Is Sport and Why Study It Sociologically? 2 Sports Are Social Phenomena Sports only exist in social and cultural contexts
More informationSchool of Management and Economics
School of Management and Economics Simulation Models for Economics Migration in Europe (Simulation in NetLogo 5.0.5.) Students: Lilian Brodesco Nadezhda Krasavina Vitalii Podoleanu Instructor: Prof. Pietro
More informationThe American Colonies and Their Government
CHAPTER 4 The American Colonies and Their Government ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How does geography influence the development of communities? Why do people create, structure, and change government? Table of Contents
More informationMichael Laver and Ernest Sergenti: Party Competition. An Agent-Based Model
RMM Vol. 3, 2012, 66 70 http://www.rmm-journal.de/ Book Review Michael Laver and Ernest Sergenti: Party Competition. An Agent-Based Model Princeton NJ 2012: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691139043
More informationPAPER No. : Basic Microeconomics MODULE No. : 1, Introduction of Microeconomics
Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 3 Basic Microeconomics 1- Introduction of Microeconomics ECO_P3_M1 Table of Content 1. Learning outcome 2. Introduction 3. Microeconomics 4. Basic
More informationThe Politics of Emotional Confrontation in New Democracies: The Impact of Economic
Paper prepared for presentation at the panel A Return of Class Conflict? Political Polarization among Party Leaders and Followers in the Wake of the Sovereign Debt Crisis The 24 th IPSA Congress Poznan,
More informationReview of Roger E. Backhouse s The puzzle of modern economics: science or ideology? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 214 pp.
Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, Volume 4, Issue 1, Spring 2011, pp. 83-87. http://ejpe.org/pdf/4-1-br-1.pdf Review of Roger E. Backhouse s The puzzle of modern economics: science or ideology?
More informationChapter 1: What is sociology?
Chapter 1: What is sociology? Theorists/People Who Influenced Sociology Emile Durkheim (1895-1917): French Sociologist Investigated suicide, looked at social influences/factors instead if individual reasons
More informationKey Concepts & Research in Political Science and Sociology
SPS 2 nd term seminar 2015-2016 Key Concepts & Research in Political Science and Sociology By Stefanie Reher and Diederik Boertien Tuesdays, 15:00-17:00, Seminar Room 3 (first session on January, 19th)
More informationJERRY S. KELLY Distinguished Professor of Economics
JERRY S. KELLY Distinguished Professor of Economics Department of Economics 110 Eggers Hall email: jskelly@maxwell.syr.edu Syracuse University Syracuse, New York 13244-2010 (315) 443-2345 Fields Microeconomic
More informationRapid Methods for Assessing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services in Emergency Settings: Working Paper
Rapid Methods for Assessing Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services in Emergency Settings: Evaluation of simple random, systematic, cluster, and random location-based sampling approaches Working
More informationIntroduction to New Institutional Economics: A Report Card
Introduction to New Institutional Economics: A Report Card Paul L. Joskow Introduction During the first three decades after World War II, mainstream academic economists focussed their attention on developing
More informationTHINGS TO REMEMBER SOCIOLOGY
PREMIER CURRICULUM SERIES Based on the Sunshine State Standards for Secondary Education, established by the State of Florida, Department of Education THINGS TO REMEMBER SOCIOLOGY Copyright 2009 Revision
More information4. Philip Cortney, The Economic Munich: The I.T.O. Charter, Inflation or Liberty, the 1929 Lesson (New York: Philosophical Library, 1949).
153 Notes 1. Patrick J. Buchanan, A Republic, Not an Empire (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1999). 2. Vreeland Hamilton, Hugo Grotius: The Father of the Modern Science of International Law (New York: Rothman,
More informationIterated Prisoner s Dilemma on Alliance Networks
Iterated Prisoner s Dilemma on Alliance Networks Tomoki Furukawazono Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, zono@sfc.keio.ac.jp Yusuke Takada Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University,
More informationGuidance Notes : Tutorial Preferences CUA Oxford Honors Program - OPUS - STUDY IN OXFORD
Guidance Notes : Tutorial Preferences CUA Oxford Honors Program - OPUS - STUDY IN OXFORD The Tutorial Preference Form asks for two preferences for each of your Primary Subjects and two preferences for
More informationUnderstanding Taiwan Independence and Its Policy Implications
Understanding Taiwan Independence and Its Policy Implications January 30, 2004 Emerson M. S. Niou Department of Political Science Duke University niou@duke.edu 1. Introduction Ever since the establishment
More informationSupporting Information Political Quid Pro Quo Agreements: An Experimental Study
Supporting Information Political Quid Pro Quo Agreements: An Experimental Study Jens Großer Florida State University and IAS, Princeton Ernesto Reuben Columbia University and IZA Agnieszka Tymula New York
More informationUC Berkeley Department of Economics Game Theory in the Social Sciences (Econ C110) Fall Introduction. Aug 29, 2016
UC Berkeley Department of Economics Game Theory in the Social Sciences (Econ C110) Fall 2016 Introduction Aug 29, 2016 Game theory Game theory is about what happens when decision makers (spouses, workers,
More informationCivil Services Prelims (CSP) -Syllabus
Civil Services Prelims (CSP) -Syllabus Paper I - (200 marks) Duration: Two hours Current events of national and international importance. History of India and Indian National Movement. Indian and World
More informationEconomics and Reality. Harald Uhlig 2012
Economics and Reality Harald Uhlig 2012 Economics and Reality How reality in the form empirical evidence does or does not influence economic thinking and theory? What is the role of : Calibration Statistical
More informationSelf-Organization and Cooperation in Social Systems
Self-Organization and Cooperation in Social Systems Models of Cooperation Assumption of biology, social science, and economics: Individuals act in order to maximize their own utility. In other words, individuals
More informationTHE LOUISIANA SURVEY 2017
THE LOUISIANA SURVEY 2017 More Optimism about Direction of State, but Few Say Economy Improving Share saying Louisiana is heading in the right direction rises from 27 to 46 percent The second in a series
More informationPublic opinion formation with the spiral of silence on complex social networks
NOLTA, IEICE Paper Public opinion formation with the spiral of silence on complex social networks Daiki Takeuchi 1, Gouhei Tanaka 1,2,3a), Ryo Fujie 3,4, and Hideyuki Suzuki 1,3 1 Graduate School of Information
More informationA NOTE ON THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CHOICE
A NOTE ON THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CHOICE Professor Arrow brings to his treatment of the theory of social welfare (I) a fine unity of mathematical rigour and insight into fundamental issues of social philosophy.
More informationThe 2000 U.S. presidential election was a
aomvector/hutterstock The Geometry of Adding Up s Michael A. Jones and Jennifer Wilson The U.. presidential election was a source of interesting politics and mathematics. George W. Bush was elected president
More informationSampling Equilibrium, with an Application to Strategic Voting Martin J. Osborne 1 and Ariel Rubinstein 2 September 12th, 2002.
Sampling Equilibrium, with an Application to Strategic Voting Martin J. Osborne 1 and Ariel Rubinstein 2 September 12th, 2002 Abstract We suggest an equilibrium concept for a strategic model with a large
More informationVoter Participation with Collusive Parties. David K. Levine and Andrea Mattozzi
Voter Participation with Collusive Parties David K. Levine and Andrea Mattozzi 1 Overview Woman who ran over husband for not voting pleads guilty USA Today April 21, 2015 classical political conflict model:
More informationNBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ARE MIXED NEIGHBORHOODS ALWAYS UNSTABLE? TWO-SIDED AND ONE-SIDED TIPPING. David Card Alexandre Mas Jesse Rothstein
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ARE MIXED NEIGHBORHOODS ALWAYS UNSTABLE? TWO-SIDED AND ONE-SIDED TIPPING David Card Alexandre Mas Jesse Rothstein Working Paper 14470 http://www.nber.org/papers/w14470 NATIONAL
More informationOnline Appendix 1: Treatment Stimuli
Online Appendix 1: Treatment Stimuli Polarized Stimulus: 1 Electorate as Divided as Ever by Jefferson Graham (USA Today) In the aftermath of the 2012 presidential election, interviews with voters at a
More informationSummary of Social Contract Theory by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
Summary of Social Contract Theory by Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau Manzoor Elahi Laskar LL.M Symbiosis Law School, Pune Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2410525 Abstract: This paper
More informationSocial Stratification Presentation Script
Social Stratification Presentation Script Slide 1: Before we begin talking about how the various sociological perspectives explain the answers to the questions in the content, let s take a quick look at
More informationMAPPING THE EXACT RELATIONS BETWEEN INEQUALITY AND JUSTICE. Guillermina Jasso New York University December 2000
MAPPING THE EXACT RELATIONS BETWEEN INEQUALITY AND JUSTICE Guillermina Jasso New York University December 2000 Recent developments in justice analysis -- the scientific study of the operation of the human
More informationCommunicating a Systematic Monetary Policy
Communicating a Systematic Monetary Policy Society of American Business Editors and Writers Fall Conference City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Journalism New York, NY October 10, 2014
More informationHANDBOOK OF SOCIAL CHOICE AND VOTING Jac C. Heckelman and Nicholas R. Miller, editors.
HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL CHOICE AND VOTING Jac C. Heckelman and Nicholas R. Miller, editors. 1. Introduction: Issues in Social Choice and Voting (Jac C. Heckelman and Nicholas R. Miller) 2. Perspectives on Social
More informationEconomists as Worldly Philosophers
Economists as Worldly Philosophers Robert J. Shiller and Virginia M. Shiller Yale University Hitotsubashi University, March 11, 2014 Virginia M. Shiller Married, 1976 Ph.D. Clinical Psychology, University
More informationAnti-Corruption Training in the Field of Education. Anti-Corruption Event and Workshop for Adolescents
THEMATIC COMPILATION OF RELEVANT INFORMATION SUBMITTED BY AUSTRIA ARTICLE 13 UNCAC AWARENESS-RAISING MEASURES AND EDUCATION AUSTRIA (EIGHTH MEETING) Anti-Corruption Training in the Field of Education Anti-Corruption
More informationRADICALIZATION: A SUMMARY
RADICALIZATION: A SUMMARY Radicalization is the process where group s beliefs/values/ideologies move closer to those where inter-group violence can be justified through them. Although focus often is on
More informationPOLITICAL SCIENCE. Chair: Nathan Bigelow. Faculty: Audrey Flemming, Frank Rohmer. Visiting Faculty: Marat Akopian
POLITICAL SCIENCE Chair: Nathan Bigelow Faculty: Audrey Flemming, Frank Rohmer Visiting Faculty: Marat Akopian Emeriti: Kenneth W. Street, Shelton Williams A major in political science or international
More informationThe Effect of Electoral Geography on Competitive Elections and Partisan Gerrymandering
The Effect of Electoral Geography on Competitive Elections and Partisan Gerrymandering Jowei Chen University of Michigan jowei@umich.edu http://www.umich.edu/~jowei November 12, 2012 Abstract: How does
More informationPolitical Participation
Political Participation Public Opinion Political Polling Introduction Public Opinion Basics The Face of American Values Issues of Political Socialization Public Opinion Polls Political participation A
More informationWasserman & Faust, chapter 5
Wasserman & Faust, chapter 5 Centrality and Prestige - Primary goal is identification of the most important actors in a social network. - Prestigious actors are those with large indegrees, or choices received.
More informationMalthe Tue Pedersen History of Ideas
History of ideas exam Question 1: What is a state? Compare and discuss the different views in Hobbes, Montesquieu, Marx and Foucault. Introduction: This essay will account for the four thinker s view of
More informationLecture 7 A Special Class of TU games: Voting Games
Lecture 7 A Special Class of TU games: Voting Games The formation of coalitions is usual in parliaments or assemblies. It is therefore interesting to consider a particular class of coalitional games that
More informationSOCI 221 Basic Concepts in Sociology
SOCI 221 Basic Concepts in Sociology Session 2 Origin and Emergence of Sociology Lecturer: Dr. Samson Obed Appiah, Dept. of Sociology Contact Information: soappiah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School
More informationTENDENCIES IN DEFINING AN OPTIMUM GLOBALIZATION MODEL
TENDENCIES IN DEFINING AN OPTIMUM GLOBALIZATION MODEL Cătălin C. POPA, Lecturer Naval Academy Mircea cel Bătrân, Constantza, Romania catalin_popa@anmb.ro, golea_p@yahoo.com Abstract Over viewing the most
More informationNovember 15-18, 2013 Open Government Survey
November 15-18, 2013 Open Government Survey 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 TOPLINE... 6 DEMOGRAPHICS... 14 CROSS-TABULATIONS... 15 Trust: Federal Government... 15 Trust: State Government...
More informationOn the Irrelevance of Formal General Equilibrium Analysis
Eastern Economic Journal 2018, 44, (491 495) Ó 2018 EEA 0094-5056/18 www.palgrave.com/journals COLANDER'S ECONOMICS WITH ATTITUDE On the Irrelevance of Formal General Equilibrium Analysis Middlebury College,
More information'Wave riding' or 'Owning the issue': How do candidates determine campaign agendas?
'Wave riding' or 'Owning the issue': How do candidates determine campaign agendas? Mariya Burdina University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Economics October 5th, 008 Abstract In this paper I adress
More informationHow to identify experts in the community?
How to identify experts in the community? Balázs Sziklai XXXII. Magyar Operációkutatás Konferencia, Cegléd e-mail: sziklai.balazs@krtk.mta.hu 2017. 06. 15. Sziklai (CERS HAS) 1 / 34 1 Introduction Mechanism
More information