1: induce. 2: inevitable. 3: infrastructure. 4: inspect. 5: intense. 6: manipulate. 7: minimise. Appears in List(s): 8b Level: AWL

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1 page 1 of 5 1: induce induced, induces, inducing, induction 1. Patients with eating disorders may use drugs to induce vomiting. 2. Pills for seasickness often induce drowsiness. 3. Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. 4. They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom. 2: inevitable inevitability, inevitably 1. A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable. 2. Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions. 3. Such bad economic conditions inevitably lead to more crime. 4. We are all bound by the inevitability of death. 3: infrastructure infrastructures 1. Some countries lack a suitable economic infrastructure. 2. The war has badly damaged the country s infrastructure. 3. Many governments have prepared public-sector national information infrastructure plans designed to exploit the potential of the Internet. 4. The big firm, having invested a lot of money in e-business infrastructure, is determined to get a return on it. 4: inspect inspected, inspecting, inspection, inspections, inspector, inspectors, inspects 1. Police inspected the scene and interviewed all the staff. 2. The building is regularly inspected by the fire-safety officer. 3. Close inspection of the plane s engines revealed several small defects. 4. Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the track. 5: intense intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensified, intensifies, intensify, intensifying, intension, intensity, intensive, intensively 1. Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed. 2. At least 3,000 people were killed in a week of intense fighting. 3. China is intensifying efforts to fight crime. 4. The opposition leader has intensified his attacks on the government. 6: manipulate manipulated, manipulates, manipulating, manipulation, manipulations, manipulative 1. The opposition leader accused government ministers of manipulating the statistics to suit themselves. 2. Computers are very efficient at manipulating information. 3. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. 4. They have been accused of fraud and stock market manipulations. 7: minimise minimised, minimises, minimising, minimize, minimized, minimizes, minimizing 1. Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. 2. We must not minimize the problem of racial discrimination. 3. Good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection. 4. He always tried to minimize his own faults, while exaggerating those of others.

2 page 2 of 5 8: nuclear 1. With the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the possibility of a nuclear holocaust was greatly reduced. 2. How many nations have a nuclear capability? 3. The city has declared itself a nuclear-free zone. 4. A nuclear winter is a period without light, heat or growth which scientists believe would follow a nuclear war. 9: offset offsets, offsetting 1. Prices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials. 2. The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here. 3. The move is designed to help offset the shortfall in world oil supplies caused by the UN embargo. 4. The increase in pay costs was more than offset by higher productivity. 10: paragraph paragraphing, paragraphs 1. Write a paragraph on each of the topics given below. 2. See paragraph 15 of the handbook. 3. The length of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys. 4. Those mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 are not permissible under the LAUTRO rules and must be rectified without delay. 11: plus pluses 1. There may be a variation of plus or minus 5% in the prices that are quoted. 2. Some knowledge of Chinese is a definite plus in this job. 3. This is not an exciting car to drive, but on the plus side it is extremely reliable. 4. The house is near the sea, which is a plus factor for us. 12: practitioner practitioners 1. He is one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction. 2. Elizabeth Quan is a London-based practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. 3. Doctors are sometimes referred to as practitioners or medical practitioners. 4. A general practitioner is a doctor who is trained in general medicine and who treats patients in a local community rather than at a hospital. 13: predominant predominance, predominantly, predominate, predominated, predominates, predominating 1. Immigration is the predominant social issue of the day. 2. The city s population is predominantly Irish. 3. Pine trees predominate in this area of forest. 4. Private interest was not allowed to predominate over the public good. 14: prospect prospective, prospects 1. There is every prospect of the weather remaining dry this week. 2. At 25, he was an unemployed musician with no prospects. 3. Long-term prospects for the economy have improved. 4. They are worried about prospective changes in the law.

3 page 3 of 5 15: radical radically, radicals 1. They are proposing radical changes to the way the company is run. 2. He has put forward some very radical ideas. 3. The government embarked on a program of radical economic reform. 4. Would the USA be radically different today if Kennedy had not been assassinated? 16: random randomly, randomness 1. The company has introduced random drug testing of its employees. 2. The information is processed in a random order. 3. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. 4. The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer. 17: reinforce reinforced, reinforcement, reinforcements, reinforces, reinforcing 1. The climate of political confusion has only reinforced the country s economic decline. 2. Success in the talks will reinforce his reputation as an international statesman. 3. All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes. 4. The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initial investigations. 18: restore restoration, restored, restores, restoring 1. The government promises to restore the economy to full strength. 2. The National Guard was called in to restore order when riots broke out. 3. The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. 4. They re fighting for the restoration of democratic rights. 19: revise revised, revises, revising, revision, revisions 1. Forecasts of economic growth are being revised downwards. 2. The government may need to revise its policy in the light of this report. 3. They realized that some of their prices were higher than their competitors and revised prices accordingly. 4. He made some minor revisions to the report before printing it out. 20: schedule reschedule, rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling, scheduled, schedules, scheduling, unscheduled 1. The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule. 2. The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 3. Her first album is scheduled for release in September. 4. The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon. 21: tense tension, tensely, tenser, tensest, tensions 1. This gesture of goodwill did little to improve the tense atmosphere at the talks. 2. If you feel a tenseness around the eyes, relax your muscles. 3. Jane tensed her muscles to stop them from shaking. 4. Exercise is the ideal way to relieve tension after a hard day.

4 page 4 of 5 22: terminate terminal, terminals, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminations 1. The court ruled that the contract must be terminated. 2. Your contract of employment terminates in December. 3. Failure to comply with these conditions will result in termination of the contract. 4. The industry is in terminal decline. 23: theme themes, thematic, thematically 1. The book s theme is the conflict between love and duty. 2. The President stressed a favourite campaign theme greater emphasis on education. 3. In her study, the author has adopted a thematic rather than a chronological approach to the French Revolution. 4. The books have been grouped thematically. 24: thereby 1. He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote. 2. Regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack. 3. Our bodies can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation. 4. Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains. 25: uniform uniformity, uniformly 1. The policeman was on duty and in uniform. 2. Growth has not been uniform across the country. 3. There seems to be no uniformity among the various systems. 4. Pressure must be uniformly distributed over the whole surface. 26: vehicle vehicles 1. A truck driver died last night when his vehicle overturned. 2. People would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle. 3. The 1936 Olympics were used as a vehicle for Nazi propaganda. 4. Corporate America has embraced the Web as a new vehicle for advertising. 27: via 1. We flew to Athens via Paris. 2. You can access our homepage via the Internet. 3. The news programme came to us via satellite. 4. Translators can now work from home, via electronic mail systems. 28: virtual virtually 1. Car ownership is a virtual necessity when you live in the country. 2. The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade. 3. New technology has enabled development of an online virtual library. 4. Virtually all the children come to school by bus.

5 page 5 of 5 29: visual visualise, visualised, visualising, visualisation, visualize, visualized, visualizing, visualization, visually 1. Artists translate their ideas into visual images. 2. The process is easy to understand when it is demonstrated visually. 3. Somehow I can t visualize myself staying with this company for much longer. 4. I can t visualize what this room looked like before it was decorated. 30: widespread 1. The storm caused widespread damage. 2. The plan received widespread support throughout the country. 3. Malnutrition in the region is widespread affecting up to 78% of children under five years old. 4. Hundreds of lives could be saved if the installation of alarms was more widespread.