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2 Report of the 8 th Annual Joint Policy Forum of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice, the Department of Justice and the Solicitor General The Implications of Recognizing FAS/FAE as a Human Rights Issue May 6, 2002 Government Conference Centre Ottawa

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 3 Co-Chairs Welcome Remarks... 4 Guest Presentations... 6 Ministerial Address... 9 Panel Discussion Next Steps and Concluding Remarks from Co-Chairs Evaluation Report Appendix A - Forum Agenda Appendix B List Of Participants

4 INTRODUCTION We are pleased to present the report of the 8th Annual Joint Policy Forum of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice (NAACJ) and the Departments of Justice and Solicitor General (May 06, 2002, Ottawa). This report presents an overview of the proceedings of the Policy Forum, key messages from group discussions as well as brief summaries of presentations. The planning committee included: Marie Ross, and Michael O'Neill of the Department of ; Dariusz Galczynski and Ivan Zinger of the Department of the Solicitor General; and, Lisa Addario and Kim Pate of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice. The planning committee played an integral role in the joint planning and organization of the Forum and in the development of the Agenda. A number of invited guests provided broad-ranging perspectives based on the theme The Implications of Recognizing FAS/FAE as a Human Rights Issue". Individual and panel presentations provided insight into thematic areas, setting the context for small group discussions. The nature of the event was participative. Facilitated small group discussion sessions were designed to maximize personal interaction and discussion of key issues. Participants were invited to complete an evaluation of the Forum, and the results of this evaluation, as well as the Agenda, are included with this report. We wish to thank everyone who participated in this event, in particular, the Co-chairs of the Forum, and those who served as small group table facilitators, notetakers, moderators and presenters. The Planning Committee 3

5 FORUM CO-CHAIRS WELCOME REMARKS Madam Nicole Jauvin, Deputy Solicitor General of Canada Madam Nicole Jauvin welcomed participants to the eighth annual joint policy forum by emphasizing the important work undertaken by the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice (NAACJ), together with the Department of and the Solicitor General Canada. On behalf of the Honourable Lawrence MacAulay, Solicitor General of Canada, Madam Jauvin expressed the Minister s regrets for not being able to attend the forum. Madam Jauvin noted that the issue of substance abuse is one of the Minister s highest priorities and emphasized his commitment to make a difference in this area. She noted the Solicitor General s support for the initiatives undertaken by NAACJ and its member organizations. Madam Jauvin spoke about the devastating consequences of FAS/FAE. She encouraged participants to engage in a dialog on the judicial and human rights implications of FAS/FAE for individuals, their families and communities. In particular, she invited participants to analyze the role of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in advocating on behalf of individuals with FAS/FAE. In closing, Madam Jauvin welcomed guest presenters and panelists, and announced that the Minister of Justice, the Honourable Martin Cauchon, would join the forum. Finally, she expressed a desire that the forum would find concrete solutions to the problems associated with FAS/FAE. 4

6 FORUM CO-CHAIRS WELCOME REMARKS Ms. Kim Pate, President, NAACJ Kim Pate welcomed participants to the Forum. She emphasized that the Annual Policy Forum engages the voluntary sector, academic community and delegates from federal departments in a dialogue about important criminal justice issues. She stressed the significance of collaborative work undertaken by the NAACJ, the Solicitor General and the Department of Justice in preparation for this year s meeting. Ms. Pate introduced the theme of the 8 th Annual Policy Forum the Charter and human rights issues related to FAS/FAE. She observed that people diagnosed as having FAS/FAE can suffer life-long disability and experience cognitive, social and behavioral consequences of their conditions. Those labeled tend to be marginalized and poor and there is a clear race, class and gender bias, especially when one examines this in the context of Aboriginal people. This presents a multitude of challenges to the criminal justice system, special services, health care system, and those of us working their communities. Kim Pate cautioned participants about the race, classes and gender nature research that could demonstrate links between FAS/FAE and criminal behaviour. This type of research could assist the criminal justice system in developing new methods of criminalizing people, especially women programs and encourage participants to focus on the need for community-based research. She also cautioned against, correctional services introducing institutional programs that better address individual needs extra-judicially as well as sentencing options. Ms. Pate encouraged participants to discuss the complexity of the issues related to FAS/FAE through the lens of our Charter and human rights protections. In particular, she invited them to explore the possibility of developing new strategies to addressing the consequences of recent focus on FAS/FAE and ARND by the justice system. 5

7 GUEST PRESENTATION The Sentencing of Offenders with FAS/FAE Professor Larry Chartrand, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa Professor Larry Chartrand presented a comprehensive review of research analyzing the recognition of FAS and Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) 1 in the justice system and how offenders with FAS and ARND are treated in the sentencing process. Professor Chartrand s review noted that there are about 40 cases where Canadian courts have considered FAE, FAS and/or ARND in the sentencing process. Offenders with FAS/FAE are often incapable of learning or understanding social norms of behaviour and may pose serious threats to the society. Yet, because of their mental disorder, they require special attention in sentencing, which should reflect the need for treatment and support. Most criminal justice officials have little understanding of FAS/FAE conditions and find it particularly difficult to deal with individuals presenting FAS/ARND conditions. It was not until the 1970s that FAS became recognized as a medical disorder. As Judge Barnett in R. v. Baptiste 2 noted in a 1992 judgement, fetal alcohol syndrome was not discussed in medical schools or textbooks until Society has been incredibly remiss in failing to understand the damage done by drinking during pregnancy. 3 Courts that take into account the specific conditions of offenders with FAS/ARND are confronted with two major questions: To what extent must the principles of sentencing be modified to effectively and fairly deal with the sentencing of FAS/ARND offenders? and; To what extent are courts able to fashion sentences that include a therapeutic treatment element and have the confidence that such a tailored 1 More recent medical research has categorized FAS and FAE afflicted individuals under a broader category called Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. FAS is treated as the most extreme manifestation of the disorder. Where the individual does not possess the traditional three characteristics of FAS, yet possesses brain dysfunction because of exposure to alcohol in utero, may be diagnosed with ARND. 2. R. v. Baptiste [1992] B.C.J. No (B.C. Prov. Ct.). 3. Ibid. at para. 9. 6

8 sentence will be carried out under the existing provincial or federal corrections system? Sentencing of offenders with FAS/ARND has been inconsistent. For instance, courts have often ignored the significance of FAS/ARND or have accepted it as one of several mitigating or aggravating factors, but otherwise not deserving of further consideration, much less an entirely different sentencing approach. In some cases, courts have ruled that due to the nature of the crime, other sentencing factors such as safety for the public outweigh any other sentencing options. In the unusual case of R v. J. and perhaps to some extent in R. v. J. H., the courts have treated FAS/ARND as an aggravating factor. Recently, however, there is a growing body of cases that reflect an informed and knowledgeable judiciary about the nature of FAS/ARND. The courts have responded by developing sentencing considerations specific to cases involving FAS/ARND. These cases tend to begin with the assumption that the only fair and just approach to sentencing of offenders with FAS/ARND is one that applies rehabilitation principles over other sentencing regimes. In the early 1990s in cases such as R. v. Mitchell 4 and R. v. Moses, 5 the presence of FAS/ARND was identified as one of several personal factors related to the offender that would warrant sensitivity and compassion by a sentencing court. In Mitchell, for instance, the British Columbia Court of Appeal reduced the sentence imposed by the trial judge by recognizing that punishment and jail will not necessarily break the cycle of crime. The court acknowledged that some offenders who have been harmed before or at birth, or afterwards by some form of alcohol syndrome, or from other physical or cognitive impairment or from the additional misfortune of abuse in childhood cannot realistically be rehabilitated by successive and increased periods of imprisonment. Professor Chartrand concluded his remarks suggesting that provinces should establish Task Forces mandated to look into the founding of specialized mental health courts and/or court mental health commissioners/counsellors for dealing with mentally ill offenders. Those courts should give special attention to offenders with FAS/ARND. 4. R. v. Mitchell [1990] B.C.J. No. 381 (C.A.) 5. R. v. Moses [1992] Y.J. No. 50,11 C.R. (4th) 357, 71 C.C.C. (3d) 347 7

9 GUEST PRESENTATION The Human Rights of Children and Youth with FAS/FAE: Still Largely Unmet Mr. Yude Henteleff, Former Canadian Human Rights Commissioner Mr. Yude Henteleff examined the challenges faced by all levels of government, as well as organizations representing the interest of Aboriginal people, in addressing the problematic of FAS/FAE. He analyzed some of the more recent studies on FAS/FAE and surveyed the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada [C.N.R. v. Canada (C.H.R.C.) (1987) 1114; Granovsky v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1999] 1 S.C.R.,] dealing with mental health issues. Mr. Henteleff provided some suggestions on how to ensure children and youth with FAS/FAE can be treated fairly by the law, as granted to them under section 15 of the Charter. Mr. Henteleff referred to large number of Canadian and American studies noting that, despite the fact that research has well established the relationship between learning disabilities, cognitive deficits and juvenile delinquency, the youth justice system has generally failed to put into place the programs that such research has recommended. Mr. Henteleff concluded his remarks by stating that in Canada, the scales of justice have always been tilted against individuals with special needs in conflict with the law, including those with FAS/FAE. Unless we move rapidly to implement the recommendations made to the Department of Justice by the Learning Disabilities Association of Canada, by the National Crime Prevention Council and by the Standing Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs in its 1997 report <<Renewing Youth Justice>>, individuals with special needs and youth at risk, such as those with FAS and FAE who are already ill-served by the system, will slide off the scales of justice entirely. 8

10 MINISTERIAL ADDRESS The Honourable Martin Cauchon, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada Minister Cauchon began his address by thanking the organizers, the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice (NAACJ), the Solicitor General Canada and the Department of, for choosing the constitutional and human rights of persons with FAS/FAE as the theme of this year s forum. Minister Cauchon expressed his concerns about people with FAS/FAE who were involved in the justice system. He noted that special attention should be given to those individuals because of their distinctive needs. He stressed the importance of asserting fair and equal treatment of individuals with FAS/FAE in full respect of their human and Charter rights. Minister Cauchon emphasized that organizations such as NAACJ were helping his department in finding practical solutions to various criminal justice related issues, including FAS/FAE related phenomena. is continuing to participate in consultations and research on substantive issues related to FAS/FAE; the department is also participating in the funding of many projects to help victims of FAS/FAE. Minister Cauchon s remarks noted that too many young people in conflict with the law, especially Aboriginal Canadians, were needlessly placed in custody. He welcomed and commended innovative approaches to justice that looked for solutions outside of the formal justice system that paid special attention to the offender s needs. Minister Cauchon observed that the unique requirements of people with FAS/FAE demand alternative solutions and that the traditional justice system was not necessarily equipped in providing appropriate services. In conclusion, Minister Cauchon encouraged participants to further their discussion on human and Charter rights of people with FAS/FAE. 9

11 PANEL DISCUSSION Accommodation of people with FAS/FAE Panel members addressed the following issues: the Legal Duty to Accommodate the Practicalities of Accommodation for Service Organizations A youth Advocate s Perspective Cherry Kingsley, Director, International Centre to Combat Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Ms. Kingsley is active in a worldwide campaign against commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth. She began her presentation by stating that she was a victim of sexual exploitation during her childhood and adolescence. Through a process of healing and reconnecting with her First Nations' culture, she overcame the consequence of many years of abuse. Ms. Kingsley observed that people with FAS/FAE are disadvantaged because they do not receive adequate support from educational and health systems. Children and youth with FAS/FAE are often marginalized and mistreated by their communities. Long before they come into conflict with the law, they are stigmatized, ridiculed and abandoned by society. They receive little support from schools and other public institutions. Consequently, they are isolated from their communities, often becoming vulnerable to further abuse and crime. She pointed out that the criminal behaviour of individuals with FAS/FAE often results from health, poverty, marginalization and other social conditions. Courts do not pay enough attention to those factors and repeatedly impose sentences that lead to isolation and helplessness of FAS/FAE affected clients. Ms. Kingsley suggested that in order to overcome those negative tendencies, the society should provide more inclusive services for people who are affected by addictions and FAS/FAE conditions. Society should become more tolerant and open to people with FAS/FAE. In particular, women should be given better access to services that help them to deal with addiction, poverty and other social problems. In addition to changing the systems, we should also engage in transforming our own attitudes towards individuals with FAS/FAE by becoming more compassionate and tolerant. 10

12 Jan Lutke, Executive Director, FAS/FAE Support Network of BC At the beginning of her presentation, Jan Lutke referred to the fact that she and her husband are adoptive parents of 12 children with FAS/FAE, between the ages of 10 and 38. She noted that only two of those children are Aboriginal. She emphasized that FAS/FAE is a condition that affects all races and should not be viewed solely as a First Nation s problem. Ms. Lutke observed that individuals with FAS/FAE should be treated as human beings and fellow citizens who are affected by a specific mental disability. They should not be penalized for their conditions and their mothers should not be blamed for their addictions. The major underlining issue of FAS/FAE is mental health not the criminal behaviour that might occur as a result of this condition. She noted that more research is needed into FAS/FAE, specifically FAE which is far less noticeable than FAS. It seems that people with FAE tend to receive more punitive sentences than those with FAS. There is a need to develop a new model of addressing the needs of the individuals with FAS/FAE who come into conflict with the law. Generally, people with FAS/FAE tend to follow dominant groups or individuals, often showing little interest in leading others. Consequently, the social environment plays an important role in shaping the behaviour of those affected by FAS/FAE. Certain institutions, like jails, are not particularly well suited to meeting the needs of FAS/FAE individuals. Ms. Lutke concluded saying that in her opinion no other group is as marginalized as people affected by FAS/FAE. Their basic human rights are often ignored and violated. We need to develop new ways of addressing their specific needs. One way of doing this is to create community-based organizations that would assist small groups of people with FAS/FAE. These organizations would provide advice, support, guidance and lobby for their clients. 11

13 Bruce Uditsky, Executive Director, Alberta Association for Community Living Mr. Uditsky, an adopted parent of a child with FAS/FAE, argued that FAS/FAE should be placed within a mental health context and be treated as a disability. He noted that people with FAS/FAE are often marginalized by society and excluded from the public welfare system. According to Mr. Uditsky, welfare organizations and other public institutions are geared toward specific clienteles and are not sensitive enough to the distinctive needs of people with FAS/FAE. Children, who suffer from those conditions, do not receive adequate attention and support from schools and child welfare systems. Consequently, they are totally dependent on their families, which often do not have adequate resources and knowledge to deal with FAS/FAE issues. Supporting families of children with FAS/FAE could be an important step toward building a more inclusive and just society. We need a society that would give equal opportunity to all its members, including people with FAS/FAE. Some grassroots organizations have already initiated this work, supporting families that are confronted with FAS/FAE problems. Families play an important role in preventing antisocial and criminal behaviour of those who suffer from FAS/FAE conditions. Families should therefore receive special attention and support from the justice system. People with FAS/FAE who come into conflict with the law should not lose contact with their families and their communities. They need to be included in their communities even if it requires creating special structures and support systems. 12

14 Professor Michael Jackson, Faculty of Law, BC University As Moderator, Professor Jackson began by noting that his commitment toward FAS/FAE issues differed from other panelists who personally shared their lives with people afflicted by FAS/FAE. According to Professor Jackson, FAS/FAE should not be seen only as a social phenomenon and a subject for academic scrutiny. It is a condition that affects individual people, their families and their communities in a very concrete way. Unlike the justice system, which deals with FAS/FAE from a public safety and risk management perspective, people who have experienced FAS/FAE in their immediate families are able to individualize problems and needs of the FAS/FAE affected people. They are the experts. The justice system, on the other hand, perceives FAS/FAE as a structural not an individual issue. It treats people with FAS/FAE as a problem not as an asset to society. It gives little attention to the specific needs of the individuals who suffer from FAS/FAE. People with FAS/FAE should be treated as our brothers and sisters not as criminals. They have equal human rights as everybody else in the society. Unfortunately, they are unable to stand up and advocate for their rights. Professor Jackson concluded with the reminder that like such other labels as sociopath, we should be mindful of the cautions raised throughout the day about applying the FAS, FAE or ARND labels too quickly to sush a range and variety of behaviours as seem to be included in the "diagnoses". History and the examples from other countries should discourage us from too quickly labelling too many, especially Aboriginal youth and prisoners, as FAS or FAE. 13

15 "Responding to the Needs of People with FAS/FAE in the Criminal Justice System: A Practical Perspective" Small Group Discussions KEY MESSAGES: In their table groups, participants focused on the following questions: Q1: How can we ensure that courts, police, corrections and community agencies effectively respond to individuals (adults, youth or victims) with FAS/FAE? Develop adequate evaluation and assessment methods; Conduct more research about FAS/FAE; Launch educational campaigns for professionals who deal with FAS/FAE affected individuals; Create special services and programs for people with FAS/FAE and their families; Support community and grassroots initiatives. Q2: What are some new and innovative strategies to advocate and implement compliance with our human rights and Charter obligations towards individuals (adults, youth or victims) with FAS/FAE? a. In the long term? Recognize FAS/FAE as a disability; Financially sustain and assist victims support networks; Establish special courts for FAS/FAE cases similar to drug courts; b. In the short term? Enhance counseling and referral agencies for children affected by FAS/FAE; Develop alternative sentencing criteria; Q3: What would be the essential elements of an effective decarceration/crime prevention strategy for adults, youth or victims with FAS/FAE? Create special residential facilities for offenders with FAS/FAE Provide close supervision of offenders (e.g. daily contacts with parole officers, easy access to support networks) Divert FAS/FAE offenders from the traditional justice system 14

16 NEXT STEPS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS FROM CO-CHAIRS Ms. Kim Pate, President, NAACJ Ms. Pate expressed her appreciation for the quality of presentations, the significance of discussions and the organizational professionalism of the Forum. Once again, she thanked the Honourable Martin Cauchon, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada for addressing the Forum and Madam Nicole Jauvin, Deputy Solicitor General of Canada for co-chairing it. She expressed her gratitude to all participants for their contribution and commended the organizers. Kristine Burr, Assistant Deputy Solicitor General of Canada, Corrections and Aboriginal Policing, Solicitor General Canada On behalf of Madam Nicole Jauvin, Deputy Solicitor General of Canada, Kristine Burr expressed her appreciation for this year s Policy Forum and thanked organizers for making it a very successful event. She commended Ms. Kim Pate for co-chairing the meeting and for her role in preparing this event. Ms. Burr noted that, for the first time in the history of the forum, representatives from departments other than Justice and the Solicitor General were invited to take part. She thanked Health Canada, the leading federal department in FAS/FAE issues, for its contribution towards this year s Forum. In conclusion, she invited participants to continue their commitment toward people with FAS/FAE. 15

17 EVALUATION REPORT Introduction This evaluation report was compiled from evaluation questionnaires provided to each participant. Approximately 80 participants attended this year's forum and 18 completed the evaluation questionnaire. An analysis of the responses is reported for each section/question. General The majority of respondents (12) were NAACJ members. The overall evaluation for the Forum was very positive with most respondents agreeing or giving positive ratings to the dimensions queried. Elements such as the relevance of the theme to organizations, guest speakers, panel and small group discussions were well rated. Respondents were satisfied with the level of participation by officials from both the Department of Justice and the Solicitor General. The Forum meeting facilities were well rated, with the exception of the sound quality in the Main Hall. Forum Planning and Objectives There was strong agreement among respondents that the theme was relevant to their organizations. While most respondents gave the meeting an overall positive rating, some noted areas for future improvement including: allocating more time for questions period; shortening the afternoon break; and, organizing the NAACJ meeting after the Forum in order to develop a collective position on the issue. The following themes were proposed for next year's Forum: substance abuse; circles of support (needs of sex offenders in the community); and, compulsive gambling and its effects on the criminal justice system. 16

18 Facilities and Travel Most respondents indicated that they had sufficient notice of the date and theme of the policy forum. The forum meeting facility (Government Conference Centre) received a favourable rating as an appropriate venue. Most respondents were satisfied with the hotel's facilities. Guest Speakers Guest speakers presentations (Larry Chartrand and Yude Henteleff) received very good ratings by all respondents. Interest was expressed in inviting a guest speaker at the next policy forum. Small Group and Panel discussions and Co-chairs The panel received a very positive rating. One respondent felt that there could have been more interaction between panelists and participants. Most participants felt the small group discussions were a useful exercise. Almost all respondents rated the small group discussion facilitators adept at ensuring an even-handed and constructive dialogue. The same positive rating rang true toward the overall role and contribution of the co-chairs. Participation by Ministers, Deputies and Other Senior Officials Most respondents indicated their agreement regarding the importance of attendance and participation of Ministers and Deputy Ministers at the annual policy forum. However, one respondent noted that Ministerial presence was important politically, but not substantially, as it did not have much influence on the overall success of the meeting. Overall, most respondents were very satisfied with the level of attendance and participation of the officials from the Department of Justice and the Department of the Solicitor General. However, there was some concern about the fact that the Solicitor General was not present at this year s Forum. 17

19 APPENDIX A NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS ACTIVE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CANADA SOLICITOR GENERAL CANADA Annual Joint Policy Forum The Implications of Recognizing FAS/FAE as a Human Rights Issue Monday, May 6, 2002 Government Conference Centre Ottawa Main Hall (613) Invited Co-chairs: Ms. Kim Pate, President, National Associations Active in Criminal Justice (NAACJ) Ms. Nicole Jauvin, Deputy Solicitor General of Canada AGENDA Time Event Speakers: 8:45 a.m. Coffee 9:00 a.m. Welcome Remarks Ms. Kim Pate, President, NAACJ Madam Nicole Jauvin, Deputy Solicitor General of Canada 9:15 a.m. Guest Presentation: The Sentencing of Offenders with FAS/FAE Professor Larry Chartrand, Faculty of Law University of Ottawa 10:45 a.m. BREAK 18

20 Time Event Speakers: 11:00 a.m. Guest Presentation: The Human Rights of Children and Youth with FAS/FAE: Still Largely Unmet Mr. Yude Henteleff, Canadian Human Rights Commissioner 12:00 p.m. Guest: Ministerial Address The Honourable Martin Cauchon, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada 12:30 p.m. LUNCH 1:30 p.m. Panel Discussion: Accommodation of people with FAS/FAE The Legal Duty to Accommodate The Practicalities of Accommodation for Service Organizations A Youth Advocate s Perspective Moderator: Professor Michael Jackson, Faculty of Law BC University Panelists: Cherry Kingsley, Director International Centre to Combat Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Jan Lutke, Executive Director FAS/FAE Support Network of BC Bruce Uditsky, Executive Director Alberta Association for Community Living 2:45 p.m. BREAK 19

21 Time Event Speakers: 3:00 p.m. Small Group Discussions: "Responding to the Needs of People with FAS/FAE in the Criminal Justice System: A Practical Perspective". (Facilitated small groups will examine the following question(s) 1. How can we ensure that courts, police, corrections and community agencies effectively respond to individuals (adults, youth or victims) with FAS/FAE? 2. What are some new and innovative strategies to advocate and implement compliance with our human rights and Charter obligations towards individuals (adults, youth or victims) with FAS/FAE? a. In the long term? b. In the short term? 3. What would be the essential elements of an effective decarceration/crime prevention strategy for adults, youth or victims with FAS/FAE? 4:00 p.m. Key Messages from Small Group Discussions 4:20 p.m. Next Steps and Concluding Remarks Ms. Kim Pate, NAACJ 4:30 p.m. Adjourn and Reception 20

22 APPENDIX B LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Name/Nom Adams, Barbara Addario, Lisa Beemans, Marie Benson, Allen Berri, Helen Birba, Rose-Gabrielle Bolanos, Lyse Coté Bourgault, Sylvie Burr, Kristine Campbell, Mary Campiou, Martha Cantin, Cerena Chartrand, Larry Churney, Daryl Cleland-Moyer, Kathleen Corbett, Andrea Farber, Stanley Farthing, Dave Fever, Kimberly Fox, Andrew E. Fryters, John Galczynski, Dariusz Gay, Alfred Gibbs, Willie Gordon, Tom Gosselin, Michèle Graham, Patrick Green, Karen Hassard, Patricia Hayward, Corina Henteleff, Yude Hogel, Frank Hollman, Ruth Howe, Susan Howse, Rebecca Jackson, Michael Johnson, Jim Kane, Catherine Kane, Joy Kastner, Karen Kingsley, Cherry Organization/Organisation Health Canada Santé Canada National Associations Active in Criminal Justice Association des services de réhabilitation social du Québec Native Counselling Services Of Alberta CSC SCC Health Canada Santé Canada National Association Of Friendship Centres University of Ottawa Conflict Resolution Network Canada Health Canada Santé Canada Youcan Canadian Training Institute National Association Of Friendship Centres Canadian Criminal Justice Association Seventh Step Society Of Canada Seventh Step Society Of Canada Pitblado, Buchwald Asper Salvation Army Health Canada Santé Canada St-Leonard s Society Of Canada Canadian Bar Association Salvation Army International Centre to Combat Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children 21

23 Name/Nom Kyle, Vanessa Laishes, Jane Lakeman, Lee Laking, Erin Latimer, Catherine Lesage, Marlene Lutke, Jan MacArthur, Martha MacLaurin, Katie Mahaffy, Jim Mallard, Anna Marie McBride, Dawn McDonald, Huguette Miles, Christine Mousseau, Debbie Nussbaum, David O'Neill, Michael Pate, Kim Peach, John Perron, Suzanne Provost, Mireille Repetur-Moreno, Eugenia Robillard, Nicole Roboubi, Nahid Root, Lorie Sawdon, John Schellenberg, Gaylene Smiley, Carson W. Stewart, Graham St-Jean, Gaston Stone, Kelly Stone, Lynn Summers, Cliff Swaine, Alain Turmaine, Anne Uditsky, Bruce Valdés, Diego Vallée, Johanne White, Elizabeth Wichmann, Cherami Wormith, Stephen Wright, Christine Zinger, Ivan Organization/Organisation CSC SCC CSC SCC Canadian Association Of Sexual Assault Centres CSC SCC Society of the FAS/FAE Support Network of B.C. Block Parent Program Of Canada Incorporated Canadian Association For Community Living RCMP GRC Canadian Association Of Elizabeth Fry Societies Canadian Psychological Association Canadian Association Of Elizabeth Fry Societies John Howard Society Of Canada Canadian Association of Social Workers Canadian Association Of Sexual Assault Centres HRDC Canadian Training Institute Canadian Bar Association John Howard Society Of Canada Canadian Criminal Justice Association Prison Arts Foundation Odawa Friendship Centre Health Canada Santé Canada Canadian Association For Community Living Association des services de réhabilitation social du Québec St-Leonard s Society Of Canada Canadian Psychological Association 22