QUO VADIS, EUROPE? DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY AND EUROSCEPTICISM IN TIMES

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1 QUO VADIS, EUROPE? DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY AND EUROSCEPTICISM IN TIMES OF CRISIS (HAUPTSEMINAR VERGLEICHENDE REGIERUNGSLEHRE, FSS 2016) DATES Monday, 10:15 11:45 ( ) Building A5,6 Room B 317 INSTRUCTOR Constantin Schäfer Office: Building A5, Room constantin.schaefer@uni-mannheim.de Phone: Office hours: Tuesday, 15:00-16:00 (Please send an before coming) CONTENT Since the Maastricht treaty in the early 1990s has raised European integration to another level, the European Union has been increasingly forced to legitimate itself by more than just positive political outputs, such as peace and economic wealth. Suddenly, EU citizens political attitudes and behaviors that had been ignored for too long came into the focus of scholarly attention: The empirical study of the EU s democratic legitimacy was born. Today, the research agenda is largely dominated by works assessing the causes and consequences of popular Euroscepticism as well as the impact of the economic and sovereign debt crisis in Europe. In its first part, this course aims at familiarizing students with the classical literature of behavioral research on European integration. For this purpose, theoretical foundations of this research agenda, especially concepts and measurements of political support and democratic legitimacy, will be laid out. In the second part, students will be reading newer empirical works focusing on popular Euroscepticism, its causes and consequences. The goals of the seminar thus are to gain an advanced understanding of theories of democracy and legitimacy and their application on the European Union as well as conceptual works on political support for the EU. Furthermore, students shall be enabled to read and analyze empirical state-of the-art research on EU support and Euroscepticism. Finally, they are asked to develop their own research project, present it in class and put it down on paper. A basic knowledge of statistical methods and EU politics are therefore essential to follow the class.

2 BASIC INFORMATION 7 ECTS Recommended for students in the fourth/fifth semester of the Political Science B.A. Online registration on Portal² and ILIAS is mandatory (all available documents and upload of homeworks on ILIAS) Teaching language is English HOW TO SUCCEED IN SHORT Regular attendance and active participation (max. two missed sessions without documentation, e.g. doctoral attestation) Weekly preparation in the form of mandatory readings and homeworks (questions to the texts to be uploaded in ILIAS) Writing a research proposal and reviewing the research proposal of one fellow student Presenting the own research project in class at the end of the semester Writing a final term paper (deadline: 31 st July 2016, p.m.) READINGS, HOMEWORKS AND CLASS PARTICIPATION For each week there are mandatory readings for all course participants and homeworks in the form of 1-5 questions or remarks to each of the texts. All mandatory and further readings are available electronically via ILIAS. Please note: It is not only essential that you read these pieces of literature prior to the sessions in order to participate in the class discussions, but the homeworks are also mandatory in order to pass the course. Please upload them until the beginning of the respective lesson in ILIAS and only bring a printed version in cases when the uploading has not worked. It is also highly recommended to bring a copy of the readings to class and to take notes during the discussion, as there won t be electronic slides prepared by the instructor. As you can imagine, class participation is absolutely necessary to make the weekly sessions interesting and beneficial to everyone. RESEARCH PROPOSAL, REVIEW, PRESENTATION AND FINAL PAPER At the end of the semester, students are asked to develop and carry out an own (empirical) research project, which naturally should relate to the contents of the seminar. For that purpose, you need to submit a first research proposal that includes a working title, the research question, a preliminary content overview and a short bibliography (the deadline will be announced in class). The proposals will then be presented in class, which will take place in the last two sessions. Due to the number of students, the presentation can only take five minutes for each student. Afterwards, each presenter will be reviewed by one fellow student and the course instructor. For this purpose, students are asked to write a review beforehand and bring it to class. The final paper itself can be written in English or German. The length of the paper should be around words (+/- 10%), which is around 15 pages. It needs to be handed in by 31 th July 2016 in printed AND electronic form (the former one including a signed declaration of authorship).

3 SCHEDULE + READINGS INTRODUCTORY SESSION THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE EU: IS THERE ROOM FOR (A POST-NATIONAL) DEMOCRACY? Mandatory reading: Dahl, Robert (1994): A Democratic Dilemma: System Effectiveness versus Citizen Participation. Political Science Quarterly 109(1): Bache, Ian / Bulmer, Simon / George, Stephen / Parker, Owen (2015): Politics in the European Union. 4 th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press [Chapter 3 Democracy : 52-62]. Hix, Simon (2014): The EU as a New Political System. In: Caramani, Daniele (ed.): Comparative Politics. 3 rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press: IS THERE A DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION? Follesdal, Andreas / Hix, Simon (2006): Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik. Journal of Common Market Studies 44(3): Kohler-Koch, Beate / Rittberger, Berthold (2007): "Charting Crowded Territory: Debating the Democratic Legitimacy of the European Union." In: Kohler-Koch, Beate / Rittberger, Berthold (eds.): Debating the Democratic Legitimacy of the European Union. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield: Majone, Giandomenico (1998): Europe s Democratic Deficit : The Question of Standards. European Law Journal 4(1): Moravcsik, Andrew (2002): Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies 40(4): Ruchet, Olivier (2011): Cultural Diversity, European Identity and Legitimacy of the EU: A Review of the Debate. In: Fuchs, Dieter / Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (eds.): Cultural Diversity, European Identity and the Legitimacy of the EU. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar: HOW TO LEGITIMIZE THE EU? INPUTS VS. OUTPUTS VS. THROUGHPUTS Follesdal, Andreas (2006): "Survey Article: The Legitimacy Deficits of the European Union." Journal of Political Philosophy 14(4): Schmidt, Vivien A. (2012): Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union. In: Jones, Erik / Menon, Anand / Weatherill, Stephen (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press: Beetham, David / Lord, Christopher (1998): Legitimacy and the European Union. New York: Addison Wesley Longman.

4 Lord, Christopher / Magnette, Paul (2004): "E Pluribus Unum? Creative Disagreement about Legitimacy in the EU." Journal of Common Market Studies 42(1): Scharpf, Fritz W. (2009): "Legitimacy in the Multilevel European Polity." European Political Science Review 1(2): Thomassen, Jacques (2009): The Legitimacy of the European Union After Enlargement. In: Thomassen, Jacques (ed.): The Legitimacy of the European Union After Enlargement. Oxford: Oxford University Press: DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY AND POLITICAL SUPPORT Fuchs, Dieter (2011): "Cultural Diversity, European Identity and Legitimacy of the EU: A Theoretical Framework." In: Fuchs, Dieter / Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (eds.): Cultural Diversity, European Identity and the Legitimacy of the EU. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing: Westle, Bettina (2007): "Political Beliefs and Attitudes: Legitimacy in Public Opinion Research." In: Hurrelmann, Achim / Schneider, Steffen / Steffek, Jens (eds.): Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan: Easton, David (1975): "A Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support." British Journal of Political Science 5(4): Ehin, Piret (2008): "Competing Models of EU Legitimacy: The Test of Popular Expectations." Journal of Common Market Studies 46(3): Niedermayer, Oskar / Westle, Bettina (1995): "A Typology of Orientations." In: Niedermayer, Oskar / Sinnott, Richard (eds.): Public Opinion and Internationalized Governance. Oxford: Clarendon Press: Norris, Pippa (1999): "The Political Regime." In: Thomassen, Jacques / Schmitt, Hermann (eds.): Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press: [ & EASTER BREAK] SUPPORT FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND THE POST-MAASTRICHT BLUES Eichenberg, Richard C. / Dalton, Russell J. (2007): "Post-Maastricht Blues: The Transformation of Citizen Support for European Integration, " Acta Politica 42(2): Gabel, Matthew (1998): "Public Support for European Integration: An Empirical Test of Five Theories." The Journal of Politics 60(2): Anderson, Christopher J. / Kaltenthaler, Karl C. (1996): "The Dynamics of Public Opinion toward European Integration, " European Journal of International Relations 2(2): Anderson, Christopher J. (1998): "When in Doubt, Use Proxies Attitudes toward Domestic Politics and Support for European Integration." Comparative Political Studies 31(5):

5 Kritzinger, Sylvia (2003): "The Influence of the Nation-state on Individual Support for the European Union." European Union Politics 4(2): Sánchez-Cuenca, Ignacio (2000): "The Political Basis of Support for European Integration." European Union Politics 1(2): NATIONAL IDENTITY AND CULTURAL FEARS AS OBSTACLES FOR EU SUPPORT Carey, Sean (2002): "Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration?" European Union Politics 3(4) (2002): McLaren, Lauren M. (2002): "Public Support for the European Union: Cost/Benefit Analysis or Perceived Cultural Threat?" The Journal of Politics 64(2): De Vreese, Claes H. / Boomgaarden, Hajo G. (2005): "Projecting EU Referendums: Fear of Immigration and Support for European Integration." European Union Politics 6(1): Hooghe, Liesbet / Marks, Gary (2004): "Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public Opinion on European Integration?" Political Science and Politics 37(3): Hooghe, Liesbet / Marks, Gary (2005): "Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration." European Union Politics 6(4): McLaren, Lauren M. (2004): "Opposition to European Integration and Fear of Loss of National Identity: Debunking a Basic Assumption Regarding Hostility to the Integration Project." European Journal of Political Research 43(6): TYPES AND SOURCES OF POPULAR EUROSCEPTICISM Krouwel, André / Abts, Koen (2007): "Varieties of Euroscepticism and Populist Mobilization: Transforming Attitudes from Mild Euroscepticism to Harsh Eurocynicism." Acta Politica 42(2-3): Weßels, Bernhard (2007): "Discontent and European Identity: Three Types of Euroscepticism." Acta Politica 42(2-3): De Vries, Catherine E. / Edwards, Erica E. (2009): "Taking Europe to its Extremes: Extremist Parties and Public Euroscepticism." Party Politics 15(1): Leconte, Cecile (2010): Understanding Euroscepticism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Lubbers, Marcel / Scheepers, Peer (2005): "Political versus Instrumental Euro-Scepticism: Mapping Scepticism in European Countries and Regions." European Union Politics 6(2): McLaren, Lauren (2007): "Explaining Mass-Level Euroscepticism: Identity, Interests, and Institutional Distrust." Acta Politica 42(2-3): Taggart, Paul (1998): "A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems." European Journal of Political Research 33(3):

6 CRISIS EFFECTS ON EU SUPPORT AND EUROSCEPTICISM Serricchio, Fabio / Tsakatika, Myrto / Quaglia, Lucia (2013): "Euroscepticism and the Global Financial Crisis." Journal of Common Market Studies 51(1): Braun, Daniela / Tausendpfund, Markus (2014): "The Impact of the Euro Crisis on Citizens Support for the European Union." Journal of European Integration 36(3): Armingeon, Klaus / Ceka, Besir (2014): "The Loss of Trust in the European Union during the Great Recession since 2007: The Role of Heuristics from the National Political System." European Union Politics 15(1): Armingeon, Klaus / Guthmann, Kai (2014): "Democracy in Crisis? The Declining Support for National Democracy in European Countries, " European Journal of Political Research 53(3): Dotti Sani, Giulia M. / Magistro, Beatrice (2016): "Increasingly Unequal? The Economic Crisis, Social Inequalities and Trust in the European Parliament in 20 European Countries." European Journal of Political Research: Ringlerova, Zuzana (2015): "Weathering the Crisis: Evidence of Diffuse Support for the EU from a Six-Wave Dutch Panel." European Union Politics 16(4): CRISIS EFFECTS ON SUPPORT FOR DIFFERENT EU POLICIES Kuhn, Theresa / Stoeckel, Florian (2014): "When European Integration Becomes Costly: The Euro Crisis and Public Support for European Economic Governance." Journal of European Public Policy 21(4): Roth, Felix / Jonung, Lars / Nowak Lehmann, Felicitas D. (2015): "Crisis and Public Support for the Euro, " Journal of Common Market Studies: doi/ /jcms.12338/epdf. Daniele, Gianmarco / Geys, Benny (2015): "Public Support for European Fiscal Integration in Times of Crisis." Journal of European Public Policy 22(5): Hobolt, Sara B. / Wratil, Christopher (2015): "Public Opinion and the Crisis: The Dynamics of Support for the Euro." Journal of European Public Policy 22(2): Roth, Felix / Gros, Daniel / Nowak-Lehmann, Felicitas D. (2014): Crisis and Citizens Trust in the European Central Bank: Panel Data Evidence for the Euro Area, Journal of European Integration 36(3): CONSEQUENCES OF EUROSCEPTICISM I: ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR Hobolt, Sara B. / Spoon, Jae-Jae (2012): "Motivating the European Voter: Parties, Issues and Campaigns in European Parliament Elections." European Journal of Political Research 51(6):

7 Van Spanje, Joost / De Vreese, Claes H. (2011): "So what s Wrong with the EU? Motivations Underlying the Eurosceptic Vote in the 2009 European Elections." European Union Politics 12(3): Blondel, Jean / Sinnott, Richard / Svensson, Palle (1998): People and Parliament in the European Union: Participation, Democracy, and Legitimacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. De Vries, Catherine E. (2007): "Sleeping Giant: Fact or Fairytale? How European Integration Affects National Elections." European Union Politics 8(3): Stockemer, Daniel (2012): "Citizens Support for the European Union and Participation in European Parliament Elections." European Union Politics 13(1): Werts, Han / Scheepers, Peer / Lubbers, Marcel (2012): "Euro-Scepticism and Radical Right-Wing Voting in Europe, : Social Cleavages, Socio-Political Attitudes and Contextual Characteristics Determining Voting for the Radical Right." European Union Politics 14(2): CONSEQUENCES OF EUROSCEPTICISM II: BEHAVIOR OF POLITICAL PARTIES Rohrschneider, Robert / Whitefield, Stephen (2016): "Responding to Growing European Union- Skepticism? The Stances of Political Parties toward European Integration in Western and Eastern Europe Following the Financial Crisis." European Union Politics 17(1): Williams, Christopher / Spoon, Jae-Jae (2015): "Differentiated Party Response: The Effect of Euroskeptic Public Opinion on Party Positions." European Union Politics 16(2): Halikiopoulou, Daphne / Nanou, Kyriaki / Vasilopoulou, Sofia (2012): "The Paradox of Nationalism: The Common Denominator of Radical Right and Radical Left Euroscepticism." European Journal of Political Research 51(4): Hooghe, Liesbet / Marks, Gary / Wilson, Carole J. (2002): "Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration?" Comparative Political Studies 35(8): Kopecký, Petr / Mudde, Cas (2002): "The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe." European Union Politics 3(3): Meijers, Maurits J. (2015): "Contagious Euroscepticism: The Impact of Eurosceptic Support on Mainstream Party Positions on European Integration." Party Politics: Szczerbiak, Aleks / Taggart, Paul (2008): "Theorising Party-Based Euroscepticism: Problems of Definition, Measurement and Causality." In: Szczerbiak, Aleks / Taggart, Paul (eds.): Opposing Europe? The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism [Volume 2: Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives]. Oxford: Oxford University Press: STUDENT PRESENTATIONS STUDENT PRESENTATIONS

8 FURTHER LITERATURE OVERVIEW ABOUT ATTITUDES TOWARDS EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Boomgaarden, Hajo G. / Schuck, Andreas R. T. / Elenbaas, Matthijs / De Vreese, Claes H. (2011): Mapping EU Attitudes: Conceptual and Empirical Dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU Support. European Union Politics 12(2): Hobolt, Sara B. (2012): Public Opinion and Integration. In: Jones, Erik / Menon, Anand / Weatherill, Stephen (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press: Loveless, Matthew / Rohrschneider, Robert (2011): "Public Perceptions of the EU as a System of Governance." Living Reviews in European Governance 6(2): Usherwood, Simon / Startin, Nick (2015): "Euroscepticism as a Persistent Phenomenon." Journal of Common Market Studies 51(1): FURTHER CONTEMPORARY EMPIRICAL STUDIES RELATED TO EU SUPPORT AND EUROSCEPTICISM Bakker, Bert N. / De Vreese, Claes H. (2015): "Personality and European Union Attitudes: Relationships across European Union Attitude Dimensions." European Union Politics 17(1): Chalmers, Adam William / Dellmuth, Lisa Maria (2015): "Fiscal Redistribution and Public Support for European Integration." European Union Politics 16(3): De Vries, Catherine E. (2013): "Ambivalent Europeans? Public Support for European Integration in East and West." Government and Opposition 48(3): Down, Ian / Wilson, Carole J. (2013): "A Rising Generation of Europeans? Life Cycle and Cohort Effects on Support for Europe." European Journal of Political Research 52(4): Fligstein, Neil / Polyakova, Alina / Sandholtz, Wayne (2012): "European Integration, Nationalism and European Identity." Journal of Common Market Studies 50(1): Harteveld, Eelco / Van der Meer, Tom / De Vries, Catherine E. (2013): "In Europe we Trust? Exploring Three Logics of Trust in the European Union." European Union Politics 14(4): Hobolt, Sara B. (2012): "Citizen Satisfaction with Democracy in the European Union. Journal of Common Market Studies 50(1): Stoeckel, Florian (2013): "Ambivalent or Indifferent? Reconsidering the Structure of EU Public Opinion." European Union Politics 14(1):