SUB Hamburg A/ THE EUROPEAN UNION. Critical Concepts in Political Science. Edited by Simon Usherwood

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1 SUB Hamburg A/ THE EUROPEAN UNION Critical Concepts in Political Science Edited by Simon Usherwood Volume I The Development of the European Union R Routledge Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON AND NEW YORK

2 Acknowledgements Chronological table of reprinted articles and chapters xvii xix Introduction 1 VOLUME I THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION PARTI Origins - ideas and wellsprings 15 1 The historical origins of the EU's system of representation 17 BERTHOLD RITTBERGER 2 The origins of European citizenship in the first two decades of European integration 37 ESPEN D. H. OLSEN PART 2 The developing community 57 3 Obstinate or obsolete? The fate of the nation-state and the case of Western Europe 59 STANLEY HOFFMANN 4 European integration from the 1980s: state-centric v. multi-level governance 105 GARY MARKS, LIESBET HOOGHE AND KERMIT BLANK 5 Democracy or technocracy? European integration and the problem of popular consent 142 WILLIAM WALLACE AND JULIE SMITH VU

3 PART 3 The emergent union Choosing union: monetary politics and Maastricht 165 WAYNE SANDHOLTZ 7 The end of creeping competence? EU policy-making since Maastricht 205 MARK A. POLLACK 8 Trusting the Poles? Constructing Europe through mutual recognition 224 KALYPSO NICOLAIDIS 9 Beyond the Community Method: why the Open Method of Coordination was introduced to EU policy-making 242 ARMIN SCHAFER PART 4 Theoretical perspectives The evolution of European legal integration 269 TORSTEN J. SELEK, MARK RHINARD AND FRANK M. HAGE 11 The path to European integration: a historical institutionalist analysis 284 PAUL PIERSON 12 History meets politics: overcoming interdisciplinary Volapuk in research on the EU 323 WOLFRAM KAISER 13 Forging a European nafttwi-state? The European Union and questions of culture 338 CRIS SHORE 14 European Union? 369 LIESBET HOOGHE AND GARY MARKS 15 European integration in retrospect 393 ANDREW MORAVCSIK Vlll

4 VOLUME II THE ORGANISATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL TURN Acknowledgements vii PART 5 Constitutionality and integration theory 1 16 The European Union and forms of state: Westphalian, regulatory or post-modern? 3 JAMES A. CAPORASO 17 Constructing a supranational constitution: dispute resolution and governance in the European Community - 27 ALEC S. SWEET AND THOMAS L. BRUNELL 18 Theorizing the European Union: international organization, domestic polity, or experiment in new governance? 63 MARK A. POLLACK 19 A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: from permissive consensus to constraining dissensus 109 LIESBET HOOGHE AND GARY MARKS 20 Introduction: the neo-medieval paradigm 138 JAN ZIELONKA 21 Comparative regionalism: what might it be? 164 ALBERTA SBRAGIA PART 6 Constitutionality in practice Challenges to intergovernmentalism: an empirical analysis of EU treaty negotiations since Maastricht 187 DANIEL FINKE 23 Contested meanings of representation 217 JOHANNES POLLAK 24 Conditions for EU constitutionalization: a qualitative comparative analysis 234 FRANK SCHIMMELFENNIG, BERTHOLD RITTBERGER, ALEXANDER BURGIN AND GUIDO SCHWELLNUS IX

5 25 The institutional foundations of intergovernmentalism and supranationalism in the European Union 257 GEORGE TSEBELIS AND GEOFFREY GARRETT 26 The European Union's constitutional order? Between community method and ad hoc compromise 293 YOURI DEVUYST 27 Whose project is it? Media debates on the ratification of the EU constitutional treaty 354 REGINA VETTERS, ERIK JENTGES AND HANS-JORG TRENZ 28 Assessing the legitimacy of the EU's treaty revision methods 374 THOMAS RISSE AND MAREIKE KLEINE 29 Referendums and ratification of the EU constitution 385 SIMON HUG AND TOBIAS SCHULZ 30 Political roof and sacred canopy? Religion and the EU constitution 399 PHILIP SCHLESINGER AND FRANCOIS FORET PART 7 The limits to constitutionality Studying contemporary constitutionalism: memory, myth and horizon 425 HANNES HANSEN-MAGNUSSON AND ANTJE WEINER 32 Back to the 'future of Europe': a political sociology of EU constitutional saga 447 ANTONIN COHEN AND ANTOINE VAUCHEZ VOLUME III THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Acknowledgements ix PART 8 The organisational logic of the institutions 1 33 Introduction: explaining the EU political system 3 SIMON HIX

6 34 Opportunity structures in the EU multi-level system 29 SEBASTIAAN PRINCEN AND BART KERREMANS PART 9 The Commission as the 'European' interest Path dependence and Commission activism in the evolution of the European Union's external energy policy 51 SEBASTIAN MAYER 36 Claims to legitimacy: the European Commission between continuity and change 80 MYRTO TSAKATIKA 37 The temporal constitution of the European Commission: a timely investigation 107 LUC THOLONIAT 38 The European Commission - Appointment, preferences, and institutional relations 126 STEFAN NAPEL AND MIKA WIDGREN PART 10 The European Parliament as the popular interest Voting patterns and alliance formation in the European Parliament 155 SIMON HIX, ABDUL NOURY AND GERARD ROLAND 40 The rationale behind committee assignment in the European Parliament: distributive, informational and partisan perspectives 175 NIKOLETA YORDANOVA 41 Party politics as usual? The role of political parties in EU legislative decision-making 201 BJORN LINDBERG, ANNE RASMUSSEN AND ANDREAS WARNTJEN PART 11 The Council as the member states' interest Who has the power in the EU? 225 JASON BARR AND FRANCESCO PASSARELLI XI

7 43 Technical or political? The working groups of the EU Council of Ministers 264 EVES FOUILLEUX, JACQUES DE MAILLARD AND ANDY SMITH 44 The power of the presidency in EU Council decision-making 280 JELMAR SCHALK, RENE TORENVLIED, JEROEN WEESIE AND FRANS STOKMAN 45 The Council Presidency in the European Union: responsibility with power 300 ROBERT THOMSON PART 12 The European Council Bargaining power in the European Council 325 JONAS TALLBERG 47 Party politics in the European Council 347 JONAS TALLBERG AND KARL M. JOHANSSON 48 European Councils as first encounters of trans-european media communication? 369 ALESSIO CORNIA, JULIA LONNENDONKER AND PIA NITZ PART 13 The European Court of Justice as the legal interest Who are the "Masters of the Treaty"?: European governments and the European Court of Justice 393 KAREN J. ALTER 50 The European Court of Justice as an agent of Europeanization? Restoring compliance with EU law 424 DIANA PANKE 51 Judicial behavior under political constraints: evidence from the European Court of Justice 445 CLIFFORD J. CARRUBBA, MATTHEW GABEL AND CHARLES HANKLA Xll

8 VOLUME IV MEMBER STATES AS ACTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Acknowledgements vii PART 14 The formal position of states within the Union 1 52 Exercising power and influence in the European Union: the roles of member states 3 HELEN WALLACE 53 Same effects in different worlds: the transposition of EU directives 26 ROBERT THOMSON PART 15 Europeanisation 45 a. Models of Europeanisation Europeanization: how the European Union interacts with its member states 47 TANJA A. BORZEL 55 Europeanisation: solution or problem? 75 CLAUDIO M. RADAELLI 56 Europeanization beyond the goodness of fit: domestic politics in the forefront 103 ELLEN MASTENBROEK AND MICHAEL KAEDING b. Bottom-up elements States' bargaining success in the European Union 128 JAVIER ARREGUI AND ROBERT THOMSON 58 The electoral connection in European Union politics 151 CLIFFORD J. CARRUBBA c. Top-down elements The many faces of Europeanization 170 JOHAN P. OLSEN X1U

9 60 Neglected faces of Europeanization: the differential impact of the EU on the dismantling and expansion of domestic policies 200 CHRISTOPH KNILL, JALE TOSUN AND MICHAEL W. BAUER 61 Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe 225 FRANK SCHIMMELFENNIG AND ULRICH SEDELMEIER 62 Fuzzy borders and adaptive outsiders: Norway, Switzerland, and the EU 245 STEPHAN KUX AND ULF SVERDRUP 63 The open method of co-ordination: a way to the Europeanization of social and employment policies? 275 MARTIN HEIDENREICH AND GABRIELLE BISCHOFF d. The shift from nation-state to member state European states and nations 309 BRIGID LAFFAN, RORY O'DONNELL AND MICHAEL SMITH 65 Multi-level governance and multi-level metagovernance changes in the European Union as integral moments in the transformation and reorientation of contemporary statehood 333 BOB JESSOP 66 The 'governance turn' in EU studies 362 BEATE KOHLER-KOCH AND BERTHOLD RITTBERGER VOLUME V CITIZENS AS ACTORS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Acknowledgements ix PART 16 The creation of the European citizen 1 67 Citizenship of the European Union - A legal analysis 3 FRANCIS G. JACOBS 68 The evolution of European Union citizenship 28 DORA KOSTAKOPOULOU XIV

10 69 Waiting for a European identity... Reflections on the process of identification with Europe 41 SOPHIE DUCHESNE PART 17 Citizens as actors 59 a. European level Interest groups and democracy in the European Union 61 SABINE SAURUGGER 71 Empirical and theoretical studies in EU lobbying 80 DAVID COEN 72 Interest groups in the European Union: how powerful are they? 94 ANDREAS DUR 73 A virtual European public sphere? The Futurum discussion forum 114 SCOTT WRIGHT b. National level Post-Maastricht blues: the transformation of citizen support for European integration, RICHARD C. EICHENBERG AND RUSSELL J. DALTON 75 'Second-order' versus 'issue-voting' effects in EU referendums: evidence from the Irish Nice Treaty referendums 158 JOHN GARRY, MICHAEL MARSH AND RICHARD SINNOTT 76 Regarding the Dutch 'nee' to the European constitution: a test of the identity, utilitarian and political approaches to voting 'no' 177 MARCEL LUBBERS 77 Proximate factors in the mobilization of anti-eu groups in France and the UK: the European Union as first-order politics 203 SIMON USHERWOOD 78 Who's cueing whom? Mass-elite linkages and the future of European integration 224 MARCO R. STEENBERGEN, ERICA E. EDWARDS AND CATHERINE E. DE VRIES XV

11 79 Explaining mass-level Euroscepticism: identity, interests, and institutional distrust 245 LAUREN MCLAREN PART 18 The problems of popular involvement The European Union democratic deficit: federalists, skeptics, and revisionists 267 JONATHAN BOWMAN 81 In defence of the democratic deficit: reassessing legitimacy in the European Union 290 ANDREW MORAVCSIK 82 Why there is a democratic deficit in the EU: a response to Majone and Moravcsik 311 ANDREAS FOLLESDAL AND SIMON HIX Who is without sin cast the first stone: the EU's democratic deficit in comparison 339 THOMAS D. ZWEIFEL Index 368 XVI