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5 ,, 50 %3, 50 %50 % 5, 1/ 4 (, 2007),,,GDP 1 %,2006 GDP %(,2006),,,,, ( ) %(,2006),,, ;,,,, () () ( %) () () ( %) : PricewaterhouseCoopers/ National Venture Capital Association, Money Tree TM Re2 port. Historical Trend Data for the U. S (www. pwcmoneytree. com) ;Jeffrey Sohl. The Angel Investor Market Center for Venture Research,University of New Hampshire (www. unh. edu) 3.,, ;,, (2002),,,,, ;,,, 4., ,, 2, 7, %,11 % (, 14

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9 (2007) : 2006 ( GEM),,9 5. (2004) :2003 :, 6. (1990) :,, 7. (2002) :,, 8. (2007) :,,2 9. (2003) :2002, 10. (2007) : %,, (2006) :2005 ( http :/ / www. most. gov. cn/ bstd/ cx/ kjtjcx/ kjtjzx/ / t _ htm) 12. (2006) :,, (2006) : (http :/ / www. most. gov. cn/ tztg/ / t _ htm) 14. (2006) : ( http :/ / zxqys. ndrc. gov. cn/ zsqyjb/ t _ htm) 15. (2007) :,,7 16. (2007) :,, (2006) :,, (2007) :(2006),,1 19. (2006) :810,, (2007) :, (http :/ / job. chsi. com. cn/ jyzd/ jyxx/ / / html) (2007),,5 22. (2007) :, (),1 23. Anders Hoff mann (2004), A General Policy Framework for Entrepreneurship. FORA2Centre for Economic and Business Research. www. foranet. dk. 24. Anders L undstrdgm &Lois Stevenson (2001), Entrepreneurship Policy for the Future. Volume 1 of the En2 trepreneurship for the Future Series. Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research. 25. Jeffrey Sohl ( ), The Angel Investor Market Center for Venture Research,University of New Hampshire,www. unh. edu. 26. Morris,M. H (1998), Entrepreneurship Intensity : Sustainable Advantages for Individuals,Organizations,and Societies. Westport,Corm. :Quorum. 27. Niels Bosma, Rebecca Harding ( 2006), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2006 Result s. http :/ / www. gem2 consortium. org. 28. Paul D Reynolds,William D Bygrave, Erkko Autio,et al (2004), Global entrepreneurship monitor 2003 Exec2 utive Report. Babson College,London Business School, Ewing Marion Kauff man Foundation : PricewaterhouseCoopers/ National Venture Capital Association ( ), Money Tree TM Report. His2 torical Trend Data for the U. S.. www. pwcmoneytree. com. 30. Roy Thurik (2007), Entreprenomics : On Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Policy. Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy. Z. J. Acs,D. B. Audret sch and R. Strom (eds),cambridge University Press,Cam2 bridge,u K,forthcoming. 18 ( : )

10 Chinese Journal of Population Science N o. 1 A bi mont hly February 1, 2008 ABSTRACTS Theoretical Thinking about Equity and Efficiency of Employment, Income Distribution and Social Security Reform X in Chang x ing 2 This article conducts a theoretical analysis on some issues in the field of labour and social security in the perspective of the rela2 tionship between equity and efficiency. It argues that more attention should be paid to safeguarding employment rights and creating job opportunities when reducing employment discrimination ;more emphasis should be put on equity in redistribution,on the basis of proper balance between equity and efficiency in primary distribution ;the social security system should be expanded to cover all resi2 dent s in t he urban and rural areas so as to include people who are out of t he existing social security system due to t he lack of ar2 rangements in the system when gradually reducing the irrational benefits disparity among different groups of people covered by the existing system ;in the process of establishing a social security system covering residents both in the urban and rural areas,attention should be paid to the rationality and effectiveness of the system,balancing the legitimate rights and interests of the workers and the mobility and flexibility in the human resources market. Research on Countermeasures for Improving the Entrepreneurship Policy System of China Gu S hengz u X iao Ding guang Hong Qunlian 10 Entrepreneurship can stimulate economic growth,promote employment and improve technological innovation. After reviewing international t heories and policies on entrepreneurship,t he paper comprehensively analyzes China s current entrepreneurship sup2 port policies and their deficiencies. In perspective of entrepreneurial finance,entrepreneurial service,entrepreneurial cluster,entre2 preneurship education and entrepreneurial culture,the paper suggests countermeasures to improve the entrepreneurship policy sys2 tem and to encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities in China. Educational Disparity and Income Inequality in China :A Case Study of Shenzhen X ue J inj un Tadashi S ON ODA and Yuko A RA YA M A 19 This paper studies the issue of income inequality in China with a case of Shenzhen,t he most successful and developed city in China. It estimates income gap using a new data set of household survey conducted in Shenzhen in The major findings are, (1) the Gini coefficient in Shenzhen reached and is hence the highest among Chinese cities, (2) the Theil index shows t hat urban registration statue ( hukou) and regional preferential policy ( here it refers to policies for special economic zone) are the largest poli2 cy factors enlarging income disparity between urban households and migrant households, Shenzhen households and non2shenzhen households, (3) regression analysis and decomposition of the inequality index with the Oazaca2Blinder method shows that education2 al differences of working age adults can explain 40 % of total urban2rural gap. To solve the problem,the paper suggests abolishing the discriminating policies and provide equal education to the people,especially the poor people. Preventing Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty via Antenatal Care Zhu L ing 30 Antenatal care can help children from poor families to acquire a good beginning of their lives,thus reducing or preventing inter2 generational transmission of poverty. Antenatal care therefore should be a necessary measure for public action aiming at poverty re2 duction. The role played by t he government program of reducing maternal mortality and eliminating tetanus of newborns in China s poor areas is similar to t hat of antenatal care. However,women living in t he pasturing areas in Yushu and Guoluo,t he two Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Qinghai Province,have not been sufficiently benefited from antenatal care. This report tries to find out the reasons behind the relatively low utilization rate of antenatal care in these regions and discusses policy implications based on the information collected from t he aut hor s fieldwork. A Preliminary Estimation on the Quantity of the Mothers with Disabled and Dead One Child W ang Guangz hou Guo Zhi gang Guo Zhenwei 37 After redefining the concept of one2child,one2child family and disabled or dead one2child family, this research, based on the method of parity progression population projection model with the assumption of the distribution of birth interval,constructed the 95