DESIGNING AN ONLINE CIVIC PARTICIPATION PLATFORM

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1 August 6, 2014 Elizabeth L. Murnane DESIGNING AN ONLINE CIVIC PARTICIPATION PLATFORM Socio-Computational Supports for Finding, Enlisting, and Motivating Contributors

2 Today s Presentation IntroducAon egovernment & erulemaking background Cornell e-rulemaking IniAaAve, RegulaAonRoom Recruitment of (under-represented) stakeholders FacilitaAng engagement & collaboraaon Assessing quality & value of paracipaaon

3 About Me Research Interests: User Modeling; Recommender Systems; Social CompuAng Domains: Mental & Physical Health, Civic InnovaAon Current Cornell InformaAon Science 2011-present (4 nd year PhD) CommiWee: Profs. Dan Cosley (chair), Claire Cardie, Geri Gay Background MIT S.B. in MathemaAcs with Computer Science, 2007 Co-founder of MIT CSAIL startup, NSF Graduate Research Fellow, 2011

4 Background e-government, Open Government Goals alert and engage ciazens increase informaaon access provide interacave discussion spaces with lowered barriers for engagement that welcome diverse opinions In pracace redundant, irrelevant, polarized content policymakers & ciazens frustrated

5 Background e-government, Open Government Goals alert and engage ciazens increase informaaon access provide interacave discussion spaces with lowered barriers for engagement that welcome diverse opinions In pracace redundant, irrelevant, polarized content policymakers & ciazens frustrated

6 Background e-government, Open Government Goals alert and engage ciazens increase informaaon access provide interacave discussion spaces with lowered barriers for engagement that welcome diverse opinions In pracace redundant, irrelevant, polarized content policymakers & ciazens frustrated

7 Rulemaking Rulemaking: process federal agencies use to create regulaaons ( rules ) Public noace à open comment period à agency evaluaaon : over 38,000 rules finalized : 568 major rules with $100 million economic effect TradiAonally dominated by sophisacated and resourced enaaes e-rulemaking: the use of digital technologies to support this process SAll poses barriers that prevent effecave, broad engagement from ciazens

8 Rulemaking Rulemaking: process federal agencies use to create regulaaons ( rules ) Public noace à open comment period à agency evaluaaon : over 38,000 rules finalized : 568 major rules with $100 million economic effect TradiAonally dominated by sophisacated and resourced enaaes e-rulemaking: the use of digital technologies to support this process SAll poses barriers that prevent effecave, broad engagement from ciazens

9 Rulemaking Rulemaking: process federal agencies use to create regulaaons ( rules ) Public noace à open comment period à agency evaluaaon : over 38,000 rules finalized : 568 major rules with $100 million economic effect TradiAonally dominated by sophisacated and resourced enaaes e-rulemaking: the use of digital technologies to support this process SAll poses barriers that prevent effecave, broad engagement from ciazens

10 CeRI: Cornell erulemaking Initiative MulA-disciplinary team Law school, Legal InformaAon InsAtute, Scheinman InsAtute on Conflict ResoluAon, CommunicaAon, InformaAon Science, Computer Science Addressing behavioral & technical challenges Social + behavioral sciences, NLP, HCI

11 RegulationRoom.org

12 RegulationRoom.org Since 2010 launch: 5 rulemakings DOT, CFPB partnerships RecogniAon

13 Civic Engagement Cycle Learn Question Contribute 2 1 Identify stakeholders Target Motivate 3 Collaboration Summarization Consensus

14 Civic Engagement Cycle Learn Question Contribute 2 1 Identify stakeholders Target Motivate 3 Collaboration Summarization Consensus

15 Civic Engagement Cycle Learn Question Contribute 2 1 Identify stakeholders Target Motivate 3 Collaboration Summarization Consensus

16 Civic Engagement Cycle Learn Question Contribute 2 1 Identify stakeholders Target Motivate 3 Collaboration Summarization Consensus

17 Participation Patterns Since 2010: 40,500 visitors made 60,000 site visits 1,566 registered users 5 separate hosted rulemakings 1,544 individuals participated in various forms 609 actively engaged in deliberation 1,537 total comments generated 80% of participants never took part in a rulemaking prior

18 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

19 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

20 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

21 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

22 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

23 Overcoming the Hurdles Recruitment Bringing in underrepresented stakeholders Delibera8ve Discussion FacilitaAng informed deliberaaon Consensus- Building SupporAng the move to collaboraaon and consensus-building IdenAfying social and psychological drivers of effecave civic engagement (Social science) NLP techniques to support effecave civic engagement (Computer Science) Designing to support the cycle of civic engagement (HCI)

24 Overcoming the Hurdles Recruitment Bringing in underrepresented stakeholders Delibera8ve Discussion FacilitaAng informed deliberaaon Consensus- Building SupporAng the move to collaboraaon and consensus-building IdenAfying social and psychological drivers of effecave civic engagement (Social science) NLP techniques to support effecave civic engagement (Computer Science) Designing to support the cycle of civic engagement (HCI)

25 Overcoming the Hurdles Recruitment Bringing in underrepresented stakeholders Delibera8ve Discussion Facilita8ng informed delibera8on Consensus- Building SupporAng the move to collaboraaon and consensus-building IdenAfying social and psychological drivers of effecave civic engagement (Social science) NLP techniques to support effecave civic engagement (Computer Science) Designing to support the cycle of civic engagement (HCI)

26 Overcoming the Hurdles Recruitment Bringing in underrepresented stakeholders Delibera8ve Discussion FacilitaAng informed deliberaaon Consensus- Building Suppor8ng the move to collabora8on and consensus-building IdenAfying social and psychological drivers of effecave civic engagement (Social science) NLP techniques to support effecave civic engagement (Computer Science) Designing to support the cycle of civic engagement (HCI)

27 Overcoming the Hurdles Recruitment Bringing in underrepresented stakeholders Delibera8ve Discussion FacilitaAng informed deliberaaon Consensus- Building SupporAng the move to collaboraaon and consensus-building IdenAfying social and psychological drivers of effecave civic engagement (Social science) NLP techniques to support effecave civic engagement (Computer Science) Designing to support the cycle of civic engagement (HCI)

28 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

29 Motivated Awareness Communica8ons outreach plan IdenAfy stakeholders Outreach , phone, online communicaaon Social & online media TwiWer, Facebook, Google ads Coordinated media outreach Framing (pos vs. neg; loss vs. gain; episodic vs. themaac) Personal stake ParAcipaAon efficacy Leveraging exisang social networks Peer referencing Peer generated invites vs. authority figure invites

30 Motivated Awareness Communica8ons outreach plan IdenAfy stakeholders Outreach , phone, online communicaaon Social & online media TwiWer, Facebook, Google ads Coordinated media outreach Framing (pos vs. neg; loss vs. gain; episodic vs. themaac) Personal stake ParAcipaAon efficacy Leveraging exisang social networks Peer referencing Peer generated invites vs. authority figure invites

31 Motivated Awareness CommunicaAons outreach plan IdenAfy stakeholders Outreach , phone, online communicaaon Social & online media TwiWer, Facebook, Google ads Coordinated media outreach Framing (pos vs. neg; loss vs. gain; episodic vs. themaac) Personal stake ParAcipaAon efficacy Leveraging exisang social networks Peer referencing Peer generated invites vs. authority figure invites

32 Motivated Awareness CommunicaAons outreach plan IdenAfy stakeholders Outreach , phone, online communicaaon Social & online media TwiWer, Facebook, Google ads Coordinated media outreach Framing (pos vs. neg; loss vs. gain; episodic vs. themaac) Personal stake ParAcipaAon efficacy Leveraging exisang social networks Peer referencing Peer generated invites vs. authority figure invites

33 Motivated Awareness CommunicaAons outreach plan IdenAfy stakeholders Outreach , phone, online communicaaon Social & online media TwiWer, Facebook, Google ads Coordinated media outreach Framing (pos vs. neg; loss vs. gain; episodic vs. themaac) Personal stake ParAcipaAon efficacy Leveraging exis8ng social networks Peer referencing Peer generated invites vs. authority figure invites

34 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

35 Accessibility NoAces of proposed rulemaking (NPRMs) Economic analyses Ø Triage Ø TranslaAon Ø Layering

36 Accessibility NoAces of proposed rulemaking (NPRMs) Economic analyses Ø Triage Ø TranslaAon Ø Layering

37 Accessibility NoAces of proposed rulemaking (NPRMs) Economic analyses Ø Triage Ø TranslaAon Ø Layering

38 Triage

39 Translation Airline regulaaon = 25,000 word NoAce of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) + 34,000 word Cost-Benefit Analysis Home mortgage NPRM > 800 manuscript pages Graduate school level readability score From an original NPRM In addiaon, the Bureau has the authority to, amer considering enumerated factors, condiaonally or uncondiaonally exempt any class of covered persons, service providers, or consumer financial products or services from any provision of this Atle, or from any rule issued under this Atle, as the Bureau determines necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and objecaves of this Atle [Atle X of the Dodd- Frank Act]. vs. From a translated NPRM Consumers have the right to dispute a debt in collecaon, and both FTC and CFPB get a lot of complaints that collectors have the wrong debtor or are trying to collect more than what's owed.

40 Layering

41 Hurdles to civic engagement 1. Motivated awareness barrier 2. Information barrier 3. Participation literacy barrier

42 Facilitating Participation EducaAonal materials Targeted commenang FacilitaAve moderaaon Site design

43 Educational Materials

44 Targeted Commenting

45 Targeted Commenting

46 Facilitative Moderation

47 Facilitative Moderation

48 Site Design SupporAng moderator efforts & communicaang norms Endorse funcaon Recommend funcaon

49 Site Design SupporAng moderator efforts & communicaang norms Endorse funcaon Recommend funcaon Teaching community and commenang norms

50 Site Design SupporAng moderator efforts & communicaang norms Endorse funcaon Recommend funcaon Teaching community and commenang norms Increasing the visible value of contribuaon Trivia challenges, points, badges, rewards

51 Editing Interfaces WriAng support CollaboraAon Policymakers Advancement

52 Editing Interfaces Wri8ng support CollaboraAon Policymakers Advancement

53 Editing Interfaces WriAng support Collabora8on Policymakers Advancement

54 Editing Interfaces WriAng support CollaboraAon Policymakers Advancement

55 Editing Interfaces WriAng support CollaboraAon Policymakers Advancement

56 Mechanical Turk study Members: core, acave, peripheral, outsiders MoAvaAng peripheral members to increase acavity Manipulate commenang interface to prompt contribuaon Study paracipants: Mechanical Turk Workers Opportunity Worker challenges, moavaaons, communiaes Experiences, astudes regarding Amazon policies

57 Mechanical Turk study Members: core, acave, peripheral, outsiders MoAvaAng peripheral members to increase acavity Manipulate commenang interface to prompt contribuaon Study paracipants: Mechanical Turk Workers Opportunity Worker challenges, moavaaons, communiaes Experiences, astudes regarding Amazon policies

58 Mechanical Turk study Members: core, acave, peripheral, outsiders MoAvaAng peripheral members to increase acavity Manipulate commenang interface to prompt contribu8on Study paracipants: Mechanical Turk Workers Opportunity Worker challenges, moavaaons, communiaes Experiences, astudes regarding Amazon policies

59 Mechanical Turk study Members: core, acave, peripheral, outsiders MoAvaAng peripheral members to increase acavity Manipulate commenang interface to prompt contribuaon Study paracipants: Mechanical Turk Workers Opportunity Worker challenges, moavaaons, communiaes Experiences, astudes regarding Amazon policies

60 Mechanical Turk study Members: core, acave, peripheral, outsiders MoAvaAng peripheral members to increase acavity Manipulate commenang interface to prompt contribuaon Study paracipants: Mechanical Turk Workers Opportunity Worker challenges, moavaaons, communiaes Experiences, astudes regarding Amazon policies

61 Measuring Engagement Standard web analy8cs # of visitors, comments, page views Volume of new voices 64% < volume < 98% Civic educaaon Value to policymakers Public comments cited in both finalized rules Incorporate public comments despite industry opposiaon In airline rule, cited comments appear in almost 20 different secaons of agency s discussion of new rule

62 Measuring Engagement Standard web analyacs # of visitors, comments, page views Volume of new voices 64% < volume < 98% Civic educaaon Value to policymakers Public comments cited in both finalized rules Incorporate public comments despite industry opposiaon In airline rule, cited comments appear in almost 20 different secaons of agency s discussion of new rule

63 Measuring Engagement Standard web analyacs # of visitors, comments, page views Volume of new voices 64% < volume < 98% Civic educa8on Value to policymakers Public comments cited in both finalized rules Incorporate public comments despite industry opposiaon In airline rule, cited comments appear in almost 20 different secaons of agency s discussion of new rule

64 Measuring Engagement Standard web analyacs # of visitors, comments, page views Volume of new voices 64% < volume < 98% Civic educaaon Value to policymakers Public comments cited in both finalized rules Incorporate public comments despite industry opposiaon In airline rule, cited comments appear in almost 20 different secaons of agency s discussion of new rule

65 To Conclude Challenges are social, psychological, procedural technological

66 To Conclude Challenges are social, psychological, procedural technological Must idenafy and nurture required capabiliaes

67 To Conclude Challenges are social, psychological, procedural technological Must idenafy and nurture required capabiliaes More projects to determine strategies and resources to saasfy both policymakers & ciazens

68 To Conclude Challenges are social, psychological, procedural, technological Must idenafy and nurture required capabiliaes More projects to determine strategies and resources to saasfy both policymakers & ciazens Thank you! QuesAons, feedback, and guidance welcome Elizabeth Murnane

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