Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series

Transcription

1 Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series General Editors: Knud Erik Jørgensen, Department of Political Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark Audie Klotz, Department of Political Science, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, USA Palgrave Studies in International Relations, produced in association with the ECPR Standing Group for International Relations, will provide students and scholars with the best theoretically informed scholarship on the global issues of our time. Edited by Knud Erik Jørgensen and Audie Klotz, this new book series will comprise cutting-edge monographs and edited collections which bridge schools of thought and cross the boundaries of conventional fields of study. Titles include: Pami Aalto, Vilho Harle and Sami Moisio (editors) INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Interdisciplinary Approaches Mathias Albert, Lars-Erik Cederman and Alexander Wendt (editors) NEW SYSTEMS THEORIES OF WORLD POLITICS Robert Ayson HEDLEY BULL AND THE ACCOMMODATION OF POWER Gideon Baker (editor) HOSPITALITY AND WORLD POLITICS Joshua Baron GREAT POWER PEACE AND AMERICAN PRIMACY The Origins and Future of a New International Order William Clapton RISK AND HIERARCHY IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Liberal Interventionism in the Post-Cold War Era Toni Erskine and Richard Ned Lebow (editors) TRAGEDY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Rebekka Friedman, Kevork Oskanian and Ramon Pachedo Pardo (editors) AFTER LIBERALISM? The Future of Liberalism in International Relations Geir Hønneland BORDERLAND RUSSIANS Identity, Narrative and International Relations Niv Horesh and Emilian Kavalski (editors) ASIAN THOUGHT ON CHINA S CHANGING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Beate Jahn LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM Theory, History, Practice Oliver Kessler, Rodney Bruce Hall, Cecelia Lynch and Nicholas G. Onuf (editors) ON RULES, POLITICS AND KNOWLEDGE Friedrich Kratochwil INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND DOMESTIC AFFAIRS Pierre P. Lizee A WHOLE NEW WORLD Reinventing International Studies for the Post-Western World Patrick Mello DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION IN ARMED CONFLICT Military Involvement in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq

2 Hans Morgenthau, Hartmut Behr and Felix Rösch THE CONCEPT OF THE POLITICAL Max M. Mutschler ARMS CONTROL IN SPACE Exploring Conditions for Preventive Arms Control Cornelia Navari (editor) ETHICAL REASONING IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Arguments from the Middle Ground Cornelia Navari (editor) THEORISING INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY English School Methods Dirk Peters CONSTRAINED BALANCING: THE EU S SECURITY POLICY Linda Quayle SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE ENGLISH SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A Region-Theory Dialogue Simon F. Reich GLOBAL NORMS, AMERICAN SPONSORSHIP AND THE EMERGING PATTERNS OF WORLD POLITICS Felix Rösch ÉMIGRÉ SCHOLARS AND THE GENESIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS A European Discipline in America? Michael O. Sharpe POSTCOLONIAL CITIZENS AND ETHIC MIGRATION The Netherlands and Japan in the Age of Globalization Daniela Tepe THE MYTH ABOUT GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Domestic Politics to Ban Landmines Daniel C. Thomas (editor) MAKING EU FOREIGN POLICY National Preferences, European Norms and Common Policies Rens van Munster SECURITIZING IMMIGRATION The Politics of Risk in the EU Darshan Vigneswaran TERRITORY, MIGRATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM Wolfgang Wagner, Wouter Werner and Michal Onderco (editors) DEVIANCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Rogue States and International Security Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series Series Standing Order ISBN (hardback) (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK

3 Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of International Relations A European Discipline in America? Edited by Felix Rösch Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Coventry University, UK

4 Editorial matter, selection and Introduction Felix Rösch 2014 Individual chapters Respective authors 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

5 Contents Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors vii ix 1 Introduction: Breaking the Silence: European Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of an American Discipline 1 Felix Rösch Part I Émigré Scholars and the Problem of Translating Knowledge 2 People on the Move Ideas on the Move: Academic Cultures and the Problematic of Translatability 21 Hartmut Behr and Xander Kirke 3 Translating Max Weber: Exile Attempts to Forge a New Political Science 40 Peter Breiner Part II Émigré Scholars and the Genesis of American International Relations 4 International Law, Émigrés, and the Foundation of International Relations 61 Peter M. R. Stirk 5 Professor Kelsen s Amazing Disappearing Act 81 William E. Scheuerman 6 Has Germany a Political Theory? Is Germany a State? The Foreign Affairs of Nations in the Political Thought of Franz L. Neumann 103 David Kettler and Thomas Wheatland 7 From the Berlin Political Studies Institute to Columbia and Yale: Ernst Jaeckh and Arnold Wolfers 113 Rainer Eisfeld v

6 vi Contents 8 Totalitarian Ideology and Power Conflicts Waldemar Gurian as International Relations Analyst after the Second World War 132 Ellen Thümmler 9 Foreign Policy in the Making Carl J. Friedrich s Realism in the Shadow of Weimar Politics 154 Paul Petzschmann 10 Simone Weil: An Introduction 176 Helen M. Kinsella Part III Émigré Scholars and their Historic Semiotic Networks in the United States 11 From International Law to International Relations: Émigré Scholars in American Political Science and International Relations 197 Alfons Söllner 12 German Jews and American Realism 212 Richard Ned Lebow Index 244

7 Acknowledgements It took Arthur Kaufmann almost 30 years to finish his most famous painting. He began working on his triptych Die geistige Emigration in 1938 and he only finished it in Thirty-eight great minds (Geistesgrößen) are depicted in this triptych. Albert Einstein, Kurt Weill, Fritz Lang, Paul Tillich, Otto Klemperer, and the Manns to name a few look straight ahead, neither looking to the left at what used to be their home, nor looking to the right at what will become their new home. But Kaufmann s examination of the fate of émigré intellectuals is just one of many examples that we find in arts, humanities, and social sciences. The forced emigration of Continental European intellectuals, scholars, and artists has been, and is being, extensively discussed both inside and outside academia. Surprisingly, however, in Anglophone International Relations the discussion never really took off. Despite the fact that many of its founding fathers and mothers were émigré scholars, the question of emigration, their personal experiences, and intellectual backgrounds have so far received little attention. What is more, many of these scholars are today almost forgotten. The following edited volume, therefore, constitutes a first appreciation of the lesser names in International Relations. The idea of examining the influence of émigré scholars on the intellectual and institutional development of International Relations took shape in a different form during my doctoral research on Hans Morgenthau s worldview at the Newcastle University from 2009 to Numerous discussions with Hartmut Behr encouraged me to look further into a topic that has interested me since the end of my secondary education in Germany. For the support which I have received during these years, I cannot thank Hartmut enough. For their initial support in a variety of ways and sharing their knowledge with me at this stage of the project, I am also very grateful to Andrew Arato, Seán Molloy, Ian O Flynn, and Wilhelm Vosse. The project started to evolve into its present shape during the 2012 ISA-BISA Conference, and I vividly recall the enthusiasm and encouragement Knud Erik Jørgensen has shown ever since our first discussion in Edinburgh. The introduction to this edited volume has also profited from stimulating, supportive, yet critical discussions with several colleagues, for vii

8 viii Acknowledgements which I am very thankful. Audrey Alejandro, Richard Ned Lebow, Alexander Reichwein, Helen Turton, Peter Wadey, Atsuko Watanabe, and again Hartmut Behr, as well as Knud Erik Jørgensen, have provided me with insightful comments that helped me to strengthen the introduction. I am equally grateful to the reviewer for his/her helpful and supportive comments. Furthermore, at Palgrave Macmillan, I am indebted to Harriet Barker, Eleanor Davey-Corrigan, and Julia Willan for their assistance and, most importantly, for the patience they have shown in bringing this edited volume to publication. Most of all, however, I am deeply grateful to all my contributors from the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States. I am convinced that their unique cultural and intellectual perspectives make this volume an encouragement for further research and a much more stimulating read than a monograph could ever have been. Without them giving so generously of their time, despite all their other commitments this appreciation of the lesser names in International Relations could not have come into being. Earlier versions of the chapters of Peter Breiner and Richard Ned Lebow appeared in: Breiner (2004). Translating Max Weber: Exile Attempts to Forge a New Political Science. European Journal of Political Theory 3:2, (reprinted by permission of Sage) and Lebow (2011). German Jews and American Realism. Constellations 18:4, (reprinted by kind permission of Wiley-Blackwell). Felix Rösch Coventry, January 2014

9 Contributors Hartmut Behr is Professor of International Politics at Newcastle University. His work includes studies in political theory; International Relations theory and sociology of knowledge of the discipline; difference and otherness ; and critical European Union studies. His most recent books include A History of International Political Theory (2010) and Hans J. Morgenthau. The Concept of the Political (2012, together with Felix Rösch). He is currently working on a new monograph called Politics of Difference Epistemologies of Peace, which will appear in For more information, see Peter Breiner is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He is the author of Max Weber and Democratic Politics (1996) and numerous articles on Weber and thinkers influenced by Weber, such as Karl Mannheim. He has also written on Machiavelli. His present work examines what counts as political reality in the debate over ideal and realist political theory. He is also working on a book on the ways different contexts of political conflict shape the meaning of political equality and citizenship and, in turn, how the struggle for political equality and citizenship shapes various contexts of political conflict. Rainer Eisfeld was Professor of Political Science at the University of Osnabrück ( ), where he is now Emeritus Professor. He was also visiting professor at the UCLA in 2002, chair of the IPSA Research Committee on Socio-Political Pluralism ( ), a member of the IPSA Executive Committee (as Research Committee Representative, ), and programme co-chair of the IPSA World Conference in Montreal 2008: International Political Science: New Theoretical and Regional Perspectives. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Concentration Camp Memorials Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora (1994 present). He gained his doctorate from the University of Frankfurt (Faculty Dissertation Award) in Major works include: Pluralismus zwischen Liberalismus und Sozialismus (1971); Ausgebürgert und doch angebräunt: Deutsche Politikwissenschaft (1991); with Michael Th. Greven and Hans Karl Rupp, Political Science and Regime Change in 20th ix

10 x Notes on Contributors Century Germany (1996); and Mondsüchtig: Wernher von Braun und die Geburt der Raumfahrt aus dem Geist der Barbarei (1996). In addition, he edited Pluralism. Developments in the Theory and Practice of Democracy (2006) and, with Leslie A. Pal, Political Science in Central-East Europe: Diversity and Convergence (2010). David Kettler is Research Professor in Social Studies at Bard College, New York, and Professor Emeritus in Political Studies at Trent University, Ontario. He is the author of Marxism and Culture: Lukács and Mannheim in the Hungarian Revolutions , co-author of three other books on Mannheim, and co-editor and co-translator of three volumes of previously unavailable Mannheim texts. His most recent books are The Liquidation of Exile: Studies in the Intellectual Emigration of the 1930s (2011) and Nach dem Krieg! Nach dem Exil? Erste Briefe/First Letters (co-editor, 2012). Helen M. Kinsella is Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin- Madison, Department of Political Science. Xander Kirke is a PhD candidate in security studies at Newcastle University. His project investigates the ways in which political myths are invoked in the United Nations Security Council during the securitisation of perceived crises. His research aims to outline a normative and ethical approach to expose and mitigate these problems, which are ultimately found in the essentialisation of Self/Other relationships. He is also currently undertaking similar research into the social construction of threats by the invocation of political myths within the rhetoric and propaganda of Jihadi movements. He has also been a human rights activist as part of the IDAHO (International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia) Committee. Richard Ned Lebow is Professor of International Political Theory in the War Studies Department of King s College London, Bye-Fellow of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge, and the James O. Freedman Presidential Professor (Emeritus) of Government at Dartmouth College. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed articles in a career spanning six decades. His recent books include A Cultural Theory of International Relations (2008), winner of the Jervis-Schroeder Award for the best book in International Relations and history, and the Susan Strange Award for the best book of the year: Forbidden Fruit: Counterfactuals and International Relations (2010); Why Nations Fight: The Past and Future of War

11 Notes on Contributors xi (2010); and The Politics and Ethics of Identity (2012), winner of the Alexander L. George Award for the best book of the year by the International Society of Political Psychology. He has three books in press: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Lives: A World without World War I (2014); Constructing Cause in International Relations (2014); and, co-authored with Simon Reich, Goodbye Hegemony! Rethinking America s Role in the World (2014). Paul Petzschmann earned his DPhil in politics from Oxford University. He is a post-doctoral researcher at the Norwegian Institute for International Affairs on an Yggdrasil grant provided by the Norwegian Research Council. His work explores the connection between public administration and political thought in the work of German émigré scholars in the United States. Felix Rösch is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Coventry University. Prior to his appointment at Coventry, he has been a Centre Associate at the Newcastle University Jean Monnet Centre and a visiting scholar at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University in Washington, and the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. In addition, he was a DAAD-JSPS visiting scholar at the Kansai University in Osaka. His research has been published with the Journal of International Political Theory, Review of International Studies, International Politics, andpolitics, among others. He co-authored with Hartmut Behr The Concept of the Political (2012), and he is currently working on a monograph titled Power, Knowledge, and Dissent in Hans Morgenthau s Worldview, to be published in William E. Scheuerman is Professor of Political Science and presently Graduate Director at Indiana University, Bloomington. He is the author of Between the Norm and the Exception: The Frankfurt School and the Rule of Law as well as Hans J. Morgenthau: Realism and Beyond. He has also written widely on the refugees and their role in twentieth-century political thought. Alfons Söllner was, until 2012, Professor of Political Theory and the History of Ideas at Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany. He studied political science, philosophy, and German literature in Regensburg, Munich, and Harvard. He received his doctoral degree from the University of Munich and his habilitation from the Free University of Berlin. His research focuses on the history of the Frankfurt

12 xii Notes on Contributors School, the emigration of social scientists after 1933, and political ideas of the twentieth century. Contributions to the discipline include Deutsche Politikwissenschaftler in der Emigration. Akkulturation und Wirkungsgeschichte (1996) and Fluchtpunkte. Studien zur politischen Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts (2006). He also edited Forced Migration and Scientific Change. Émigré German-Speaking Scientists and Scholars after 1933 (2002, together with Mitchell G. Ash) and Deutsche Frankreich- Bücher aus der Zwischenkriegszeit (2012). Peter M. R. Stirk is Senior Lecturer in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University. His previous publications include pieces on the ideas of John Herz and Carl Schmitt. His latest book is The Politics of Military Occupation (2009). Ellen Thümmler is Lecturer at Chemnitz University of Technology/Germany, Department of Political Science. Her most recent book is Katholischer Publizist und amerikanischer Politikwissenschaftler. Eine intellektuelle Biografie Waldemar Gurians (2011). Thomas Wheatland teaches modern European history at Assumption College in Worcester, Massachusetts. He is the author of The Frankfurt School in Exile (2009). He has also published numerous essays and articles on the history of Critical Theory and the wider exile community of German-speaking social scientists in the United States.