Immigration Facts. What Every Citizen Needs to Know

Transcription

1 Immigration Facts What Every Citizen Needs to Know 1

2 A salient characteristic of the current debate on U.S. immigration policy is the high ratio of hot air to data. Dr. Douglas Massey" Co-director, Mexican Migration Project" Princeton University Source: Crossing The Border, What We Learned From The Mexican Migration Project, Durand, Jorge and Douglas S. Massey, p. 1. 3

3 What people believe 6

4 67% Believe they won t assimilate or learn English Source: Zogby American Poll, April

5 52% Believe they strain health care, education and social services Source: Pew Hispanic Center, The State of American Public Opinion on Immigration in Spring

6 49% Believe they don t pay taxes Source: Benson Strategy Group, Immigration Opinions Poll, May 9-12,

7 48% Believe they threaten our sovereignty Source: Pew Hispanic Center 2006 Immigration Survey, February 8-March 7,

8 39% Believe they increase the crime rate Source: FOX News/Opinion Dynamics Poll, 6 April 06 11

9 35% Believe they take jobs from Americans Source: Time Magazine Poll, March, 29-30,

10 31% Believe they increase the threat of terrorism Source: Opinion Dynamics Fox News Poll, April 25-26,

11 20% Believe they don t want to enter the country legally Source: Benson Strategy Group, Immigration Opinions Poll, May 9-12,

12 A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth gets its boots on. " " Charles Haddon Spurgeon" 19th Century Minister 20

13 Race 21

14 White U.S. Census Bureau racial classification for all Hispanics who are not clearly Black, American Indian or Asian Source: U.S. Census 2000 Brief, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin." 22

15 Ethnicity What Hispanic refers to in the U.S. Census Bureau classification system Source: Census 2000 Brief, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin." 23

16 The People What the proper translation of the word La Raza means in context Source: The Translation of Our Name: National Council of La Raza 24

17 Legality 25

18 Civil The type of offense for entering the U.S. at an improper time or place Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section

19 $50-$250 The fine for entering the U.S. at an improper time or place Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section 1325 (b) 27

20 False Papers Point at which improper entry becomes a criminal offense Source: USC 18, Title 12, Subchapter 2, Part VIII, Section 1325 (a)(3) 28

21 Arizona States in which being in the country without papers is a Felony 29

22 1992 The year Mexican immigrants would have had to apply for entry visas in order to receive them in 2011 Source: Visa Bulletin Vol. IX, no. 32,. U.S. Department of State, May

23 85% Percentage of undocumented entries from Mexico offset by departures between 1965 and 1985 Source: Massey & Singer, New Estimates of Undocumented Mexican Migration and the Probability of Apprehension,

24 45% Percentage of undocumented immigrants who overstayed a legal visa in 2006 Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Modes of Entry for the Unauthorized Migrant Population, May

25 25% Percent of in-country overstay leads deemed credible and forwarded to ICE for investigation in 2008 Source: DHS, Department of Homeland Security Annual Performance Report Fiscal Years , p

26 3% Percentage of total U.S. population estimated to be undocumented Source: Dept. of Homeland Security, Center for Immigration Statistics 34

27 10 Years a naturalized citizen from Mexico may have to wait to bring their spouse into the U.S. Source: American Immigration Lawyers Association, AILA Backgrounder: Myths and Facts in the Immigration Debate 35

28 20 Years a naturalized citizen may have to wait to sponsor siblings into the U.S. Source: American Immigration Lawyers Association, AILA Backgrounder: Myths and Facts in the Immigration Debate 36

29 38 Years the undocumented parents of a U.S. citizen will have to wait to legally become U.S. citizens Source: Calculations based on existing U.S. Law and historical immigration processing times. 37

30 Crime 40

31 4.4% Estimate of all Arizona crimes committed by undocumented immigrants Source: ASU Incarceration Study,

32 3.48% Percent of all undocumented immigrants DHS deported from Arizona with prior criminal records Source: DHS, Fact Sheet: Arizona Border Control Initiative Phase II, March 30,

33 2.1% Percent of MCSO arrests of undocumented immigrants as percent of total arrests Source: MCSO web site and press releases 43

34 10% Percent of all people booked into MCSO jails subject to an ICE hold Source: M. Kiefer, Arizona Republic, Feb. 25,

35 52.5% Percent drop in violent crime as undocumented population grew between Source: U.S. DoJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Key Facts At A Glance, March 29,

36 48.6% Percent drop in property crime as undocumented population grew between Source: U.S. DoJ, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Key Facts at a Glance, March 29,

37 Murder Rate! Although the undocumented population has grown by an estimated 1,400 people per day, the U.S. murder rate declined from 61 per day in 1996 to 47 per day in 2006.! Murders per day have declined while the number of undocumented entering the country has increased. Source: Paul Stiles, Novice Bear, January 10,

38 45% Percentage that first-generation immigrants are less likely to" commit any crime Source: Sampson, Morenoff, et. al.: Public Health Matters, Vol. 95., No. 2, pp

39 13% Incarceration rate of native-born males in California with less than a high school diploma Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February, 2008, p

40 0.48% Incarceration rate of immigrant males in California with less than a high school diploma Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February, 2008, p

41 8 Times U.S. born men are more likely than non-citizen Mexicans to be in CA jail or state prison. Source: Crime, Corrections and California, California Counts, PPIC, Vol. 9, No. 3, February,

42 5 Number of times native citizens are more likely to be incarcerated than any immigrant Source: Debunking the Myth of Immigrant Criminality: Imprisonment Among First- and Second-Generation Young Men, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Roberto G. Gonzales, Golnaz Komaie, and Charlie V. Morgan,

43 73.7% The percentage of the U.S. prison population who are U.S. citizens Source: U.S Bureau of Prisons, BOP Quick Facts, March 26,

44 17.7% Percentage of the U.S. prison population who are Mexican citizens Source: U.S Bureau of Prisons, BOP Quick Facts, March 26,

45 31.7% Hispanics as a percentage of all persons arrested in Arizona in 2009 Source: Arizona Department of Public Safety, Crime in Arizona,

46 29.6% Hispanics as a percentage of all Arizona residents, 2010 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2010 Census Results 57

47 Jobs 59

48 66% Percent of undocumented Mexican immigrants who have not completed high-school Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Survey of Mexican Migrants, December 6, 2005, p

49 $259 Average day-laborer weekly income Source: Day Labor in the Golden State, CEP, Vol. 3, No. 3,

50 $7.25/hr Arizona minimum wage for 2010 Source: The Industrial Commission of Arizona, Minimum Wage Standard,

51 $9.71/hr Arizona H-2A hourly Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AWER) for 2010 Source: USDA 75 FR 6884, February 12,

52 $67,019 Median annual income for family of four in 2005 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Median Income for 4-Person Families, by State,

53 $64,000 Median salary of H1-B visa beneficiaries, 2009 Source: U.S.C.I.S, Characteristics of H1-B Specialty Occupation Workers, April 15,

54 $25,000 Average family income of a migrant family of four Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Unauthorized Migrants: Numbers and Characteristics,

55 14 million Number of new jobs created in U.S. between 1996 and 2000 Source: Bean, Frank D., and Gillian Stevens, America s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity. 67

56 12 million Total U.S. population growth between 1996 and 2000 Source: Bean, Frank D., and Gillian Stevens, America s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity. 68

57 Undocumented Impact on AZ Wages Source: Peri, Giovanni, Immigration, Labor Market and Wages: The Economists Perspective, slide

58 Foreign-Born Labor Force: 2007 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, The Foreign-Born Labor Force in the United States: 2007, Figure 6. 70

59 Annual Immigration Limits: 1996, Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 1996,

60 24 Number of hours to fill quota of " 65,000 H1-B visas for 2008 Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 72

61 60 Days needed to fill quota of" 66,000 H2-B visas for 2008 Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 73

62 30,000 Number of field workers needed in Yuma to harvest a winter lettuce crop Source: Interview on Desert Politics, Dec. 8,

63 375 Number of new non-family related employment visas issued to Mexican citizens for all of 2009 Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2009, Table III 75

64 Taxes 78

65 $940M Undocumented immigrant s net financial benefit to the Arizona economy Source: University of Arizona, Immigrants in Arizona, Gans,

66 $78M Undocumented immigrant s sales tax contributions to the Arizona economy Source: University of Arizona, Immigrants in Arizona, Gans,

67 $836B Earnings Suspense File account balance from non-matching SSNs as of the end of FY2009 Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, SSA S FY 2009 Performance and Accountability Report 81

68 60% Percent growth in SSA Earnings Suspense File account balance Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, SSA S FY 2009 Performance and Accountability Report 82

69 $0 Amount of Suspense Fund balance payable to undocumented immigrants Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, Auditor s Report,

70 $1B Loss in Arizona state revenues from the loss of 50,000 immigrants Source: APS Immigration Loss Impact Study 84

71 $48.8B Annual estimated economic impact on Arizona s economy from loss of 450,000 immigrants Source: Rising Tide or Shrinking Pie, Dr. Raúl Hinojosa-Ojeda, Marshall Fitz, March

72 Zero Number of jurisdictions realizing any economic or social benefit promised by proponents of anti-immigration legislation Source: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of the Impact of the Oklahoma Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act of 2007, Economic Impact Group, LLC,

73 Assimilation & Integration 88

74 1910 The year in which the percentage of foreign-born residents reached its peak of 14.7% Source: Pew Hispanic Center, 2007 and Gibbons and Lennon,

75 12.5% Percentage of foreign-born residents of the U.S. in 2008 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2008 American Community Survey 90

76 13 Annual rate of immigrants per 1,000 U.S. residents in 1910 Source: The New Americans, National Research Council 91

77 3 Annual rate of immigrants per 1,000 U.S. residents in 2005 Source: The New Americans, National Research Council 92

78 25% Percentage of the immigrant population that could not speak English at all in 1900 Source: George Rodriguez, From Newcomers to New Americans..., p

79 8% Percentage of the immigrant population that could not speak English at all in 1990 Source: George Rodriguez, From Newcomers to New Americans..., p

80 95% Percentage of Mexican-Americans who could speak English well in 1990 Source: R. Alba and V. Nee, Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration p

81 47 million Number of U.S. citizens who speak a non-english language at home Source: Bean FD, Stevens G America s Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity. New York: Russell Sage. P

82 619,913 Total number of new naturalized citizens in 2010 Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, Naturalizations in the U.S.,

83 2X The rate at which Mexican immigrants become legal U.S. citizens compared to other countries Source: DHS, Office of Immigration Statistics, Naturalizations in the U.S.,

84 10 Number of years after arrival that 75% of immigrants speak English as well as natives Source: American Immigration Lawyers Association, Myths vs, Facts 99

85 Learning the language Source: Pew Hispanic Center, English Usage Among Hispanics in the United States, November 29, 2007, and Migration Policy Institute, Bilingualism Persists, But English Still Dominates, February,

86 30 Number of years the unavailability of English language programs delays assimilation Source: Pew Hispanic Center 101

87 20% Percent of the recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor in U.S. wars who were immigrants Source: AILF Policy Report, March

88 51% Percentage of first-generation California immigrants (1970 s) who have purchased homes by 2000 Source: Russell Sage Foundation 103

89 46% Percentage of California Hispanics who own their own homes, 2008 Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Demographic Profile of Hispanics in California,

90 57% Percentage of Arizona Hispanics who own their own homes, 2008 Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Arizona,

91 75% Percentage of all immigrants who have legal permanent resident status Source: Dept. of Homeland Security 106

92 Social & Health Services 107

93 3% Percentage of any kind or any status of immigrant who receives food stamps Source: Federalist Society Seminar Immigration, Amnesty and the Rule of Law, Nov. 16,

94 10 Years legal permanent residents must pay into Social Security and Medicare before they get benefits Source: Congressional Research Service 109

95 10% Percentage of California s uncompensated health care in 2007 attributable to undocumented immigrant s E.R. use Source: California Hospital Association 110

96 13% National percentage of Hispanic or Latino total E.R. visits in 2006 Source: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 Emergency Department Summary, Table 2: Number, percent distribution, and annual rate of emergency department visits with corresponding standard errors, by patient characteristics: United States,

97 61% White non-hispanic percentage of total Arizona E.R. visits in 2008 Source: ADHS Table 4C-2 Rates* of Emergency Room Visits by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, Arizona,

98 28% Hispanic or Latino percentage of total Arizona E.R. visits in 2008 Source: ADHS Table 4C-2 Rates* of Emergency Room Visits by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, Arizona,

99 50% Percent undocumented immigrants are less likely to use emergency rooms than native Latinos Source: Sampson, Morenoff, et. al.: Public Health Matters, Vol. 95., No

100 2.1 The number of fewer doctor visits of undocumented Latinos compared with their US-born counterparts Source: Alexander N. Ortega, PhD, et.al; Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007;167(21):

101 1/2-2/3 Recent immigrants' per-person unadjusted medical expenditures compared to U.S. born, even when immigrants had full insurance Source: Alexander N. Ortega, PhD, et.al; Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007;167(21):

102 $11 Estimated taxes per-person spent annually on health care for undocumented immigrants aged Source: Immigrants And The Cost Of Medical Care: Health Affairs, 25, no. 6 (2006):

103 It ain t what you don t know that gets you into trouble. It s what you know for sure that just ain t so. Mark Twain 118

104 Other Facts 119

105 0 Number of undocumented immigrants who registered to vote in Maricopa County 1991-Present Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07 120

106 Felony Level of crime for any non-citizen to attempt to register to vote Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07 121

107 None Chances of any green-card holder of becoming a U.S. citizen after attempting to register to vote Source: Desert Politics Interview with Maricopa County Director of Elections, Karen Osborne, 11/3/07 122

108 Arizona Poll Results 125

109 65% Disagree with classifying undocumented immigrants as common criminals Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V

110 66% Agree that politicians are turning immigration into an ugly racial issue Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V

111 78% Agree that a guest worker program should be implemented Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V

112 83% Agree that fair and humane treatment of foreign workers is as important as securing the border Source: BRC Rocky Mountain Poll - RMP 2007-V

113 The greatest threat to democracy is having a public that thinks it is fully informed, but really isn t very well informed at all. Linda Foley 132