The asylum legal institute is one subject that can be found even in texts written years ago, according to researches about the middle east

Transcription

1 REFUGEES

2 GENERAL CONCEPT

3 The asylum legal institute is one subject that can be found even in texts written years ago, according to researches about the middle east empires, like Babylonians. Nowadays the UN refugee agency is one of the most important protection of this needy people.

4 This institution was created by the same Convention that determines the general and worldwide concept of refugee. The convention was in 1951 and the internationally accepted concept of refugee is: People who is outside the country of his nationality that, owing a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is unable to come back or is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country." (didactic changes was made in the official concept).

5 As we can see, the refugee concept is way different than any economical immigrant concept that we can imagine, because, migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families despite of the refugee concept. That`s why the modern international law treat this two kinds of immigrants so differently. Refugees have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let the refugees in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights. Since it`s creation, the UN refugee agency has offered protection and assistance to tens of millions of refugees, finding durable solutions for many of them.

6 A common mistake is to refer to refugees as stateless people. Not every stateless person is an refugee nor every refugee is a stateless person. A stateless person is someone who has no nationality, which is the legal bond between a state and an individual.

7 There are several ways for someone to be considered as a stateless person, in example due the conflict of national laws (jus soli or jus sanguinis), cases of state succession (end of existence or come under control of another), like Yugoslavia and Ethiopia, and the non-state territories (Palestinian territories).

8 The United Nations has adopted The Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Person in 1954, becoming one of the main instruments in the protection of stateless people around the world and in the prevention and reduction of statelessness. The 1954 Convention has, as of now, 77 state parties. In order to provide more protection to human lives and its rights, Brazil approved, in 1997, a specific law concerning the refugees topic, defining mechanisms for the implementation of the Refugee Convention of 1951, UN. This law specifies who s going to be considered as a refugee, to whom and in which cases the granted status will be extended, the cases of expels, and every other regulation about such matter.

9 REFUGEES IN BRASIL

10 The refugees want to know all things about their rights, for this, the UN refugee agency work hard to help all refugees always aiming disseminate the information. For this, maintains a network of media officers around the globe, more or less about a hundred country. We can see all officers and the reporters in the website. In Sao Paulo, the UN refugee agency created public awareness campaign to explain refuge rights, not only in Brazil, but around the world too. This way, all kind of medias like a national newspaper, radio, websites, television, and international agencies also, attended this conference for a disseminate to the refuge rights, always looking for a help the refugees.

11 This campaign were at the subway station, and estimated would have a passed more or less a 40 million people during 2 days. This way, everyone can exercise the rights seek asylum and a safe place to have a dignity life. However, this is a temporary situation, because all refugee wants to back to home when finish the bad situation in their country. To help go back home, like a repatriation in order to comply the refugee convention of 1951.

12 There are about 3550 refugees in Brazil from a lot of countries. Almost 80% are from Africa. The refugee`s situation has been discussed all aroud the world, especially in international conferences. It`s a widespread problem. It is important to argue about it, bringing more ideas to find a way to giving to those people a temporarily home, but safe.

13 In 2007 in Brasilia, there was a Conference about women refugees with more than 2500 delegates from around the country. The intention was showing the importance of the women refugee question, helps by giving a bigger visibility to have the support they need. The participants learned more about their rights in Brazil and were encouraged to keep fighting to make better their situation in their original countries. The most important subject in the conference was on the struggle for gender equality and specific women's rights.

14 With the support of some public and private organizations, UNHCR (UN agency for refugees) assist and advice single mothers refugees. In some care center children have all the attention while their mothers are working or looking for a job. There is some programs that help mothers to find theirs on skills, professional training and capacity-building to becoming more quickly selfreliant. This is important because, although refugees have free health and education, it is difficult for them to find a job.

15 REFUGEES IN CHINA

16 The refugees of nature disasters are the people who suffered the earthquake, flood or the other nature disasters have to leave their homes and move to another place. This is a kind of refugees easy to see in China, but the other kind of refugees such as refugees of economic, refugees of war and refugees of politics are hard to see in China.

17 In the first half of this year, there are 15 million refugees of nature disasters and 2.5million refugees had to move and resettle. 年份 合计 人口受灾 直接经济损失 year 万公顷 Population ( 亿元 ) 受灾绝收受灾人口 ( 万死亡人 ( 人 ) Direct Area Total Crop Population Deaths Economic Loss Affected Failure (10000 person-times) (person) (100 million yuan)

18 年份 旱灾 台风灾害 低温冷冻和雪灾 洪涝 山体滑坡和泥石流 风雹灾害 year Drought Typhoon Low-temperature, Freezing Flood,Waterlogging, Wind and Hail 受灾 绝收 受灾 绝收 受灾 绝收 受灾 绝收 受灾 绝收 Area Total Crop Area Total Crop Area Total Crop Area Total Crop Area Total Crop Affected Failure Affected Failure Affected Failure Affected Failure Affected Failure

19 THE CASE OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

20 THE REFUGEES OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE Death:69,225 Missing:17,923 Hurt:374,640 Refugees:4,624,000 Donation:56,925,000,000

21 REFUGEES IN UKRAINE

22 Sadly, Ukraine is not a particularly welcoming place for refugees and asylum seekers. Despite the efforts of international services and human rights organizations dealing with this issue, refugees still risk being denied entry into Ukraine, being arrested and extradited to their country of origin. This policy pushes Ukraine farther from civilized countries that respect international law, and is an obstacle on the path to the full liberalization of the visa regime with the EU.

23 People fleeing their home countries for justifiable reasons face complex obstacles when applying for refugee status in Ukraine. According to Oldrich Andrysek, UNHCR Regional Representative for Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine, the long-lasting administrative reform implemented in Ukraine is just one of a slew of obstacles. He claims that too many Ukrainians still view refugees as simple migrants seeking a better life.

24 Ukraine has not yet developed or implemented effective refugee legislation. According to the UNHCR, refugee related procedures do not comply with international standards, just as before, despite a new law on refugees passed by the Verkhovna Rada in Among other things, asylum seekers with no documents may be detained for up to 12 months.

25 In 2012, only 12% of applicants received protection in Ukraine. Some were only granted refugee status after they appealed the initial refusal in court. In the EU, 26% out of 268,000 were granted refugee status or additional humanitarian protection without court appeals. According to the State Migration Service, 2,435 officially recognized refugees from 47 countries reside in Ukraine today. This is nothing compared to the 16mn seeking shelter in 2012 according to the UN s estimates. Despite official statements whereby Ukraine is gradually becoming a destination for refugees, it is still just another transit country on the way to Europe, the US or Canada.

26 As they leave their native countries, asylum seekers leave the direct threat to their life and health behind, but face burdensome local bureaucracy in Ukraine, alongside a slew of linguistic and other technical issues Ukraine is not yet ready to solve. Equally unsolved are the issues of proper recording of incoming asylum seekers, provision of social assistance while their applications are considered and the lack of a real mechanism to integrate recognized refugees and people in need of additional protection into society.

27 In 8 July 2013 the President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, signed the law number 3671-VI "On refugees and persons in need of subsidiary or temporary protection" Strategic action will be focused on: 1. enhancing compliance with international standards through intensive dialogue with relevant government departments, in particular through protection-sensitive approaches to asylum issues; 2. supporting the local integration of refugees and the resettlement of those for whom integration in the region is not an option; 3. advocating for accession to the statelessness conventions and better identification of, and support for, stateless persons; 4. supporting people of concern who are not assisted by government systems and encouraging Governments to take responsibility for them.

28 Sending peacekeepers to conflict zones is obviously not enough. Ukraine must properly receive refugees on its territory, just like most countries in the world do. To accomplish this, Ukraine has to make a long-awaited move and adopt the anti-discrimination law.

29 REFUGEES IN RUSSIA

30 Geneve April 30 th 2004 : Russia won the Nansen refugee award Russia s memorial human rights center non-government organization helped forced migrants from Africa, Middle east and Asia.

31 In 2002 there was a lot of skinhead in Russia, some of them has an organized crime organization, some of them was by their for themselves, and they was attacking refugees and not only refugees but everyone who is not Russian or slovanian look. And when the situation reached the critical level, it reached a 10 racist brutal attack per month. UN was concerned about this problem, and then Russian government ended that problem in a shot time by now, they chased and brought to justice who have done suck things.

32 In 2013 let s see some statistics of the refugees in Russian Federation : Addressed with the petition for refugee status (people) : Sum Recognized as refugees (people) : Sum

33 The refugees who are registered in the Federal Migration Department of Russia (people) : Sum The proportion of persons recognized as refugees as a% of petitioned : ,8 7,2 5,7 9,0 7,6 3,3 7,6

34 As you see, the percentage of the persons that were recognized as refugees and got the certificate of the refugee is quite low, because of a lot of reasons, for example: - Unreliable documents - The FMS (Federal Migration Service) thinks that the refugees pose a risk to Russians - People also thinks that the migrants and refugees will act inappropriate and take their freedom from them - And most of the reasons are connected with FMS and people also but more, with the people and as we saw, people don t want to come, because they're afraid of being departured and they're afraid of the hate of Russians to them.

35 THIS GRAPHIC SHOWS THE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRANTS IN\OUT OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION :

36 Most of these refugees are from: Tadjikistan Georgia Uzbekistan and there is a few from South and North Osetia, Chechnya, Afghanistan, Middle East and some other African countries.

37 FINANCING UNHCR is almost entirely funded by voluntary contributions, mainly from donor countries and non-governmental organizations, the private sector (corporations and foundations) and individuals. Every year the organization receives a limited amount of the UN regular budget for administrative costs. The Government of the Russian Federation makes an annual contribution to the general budget of the UNHCR to finance programs in various regions of the world.

38 THIS IS SOME PHOTOS A REFUGEES SHELTER NEAR MOSCOW, THESE REFUGEES CAME FROM NAGORNO-KARABAKH IN AZERBAIJAN

39 REFUGEES IN POLAND

40 Refugees in Poland are from: Russian Federation ( In 2007 about 91% of the Russian Federation applicants claimed Chechen nationality) Belarus Pakistan Sri Lanka Ukraine

41 The main administrative body that watches over the refugee protection system in Poland is: the Office for Foreigners the Ministry of the Interior and General Administration the Border Guard the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy centers for individuals seeking refugee status

42 After filling the application, the refugees stay in centres where they are provided with living quarters, food, medical care, financial assistance for the purchase of personal hygiene products, Polish language courses, and public transportation tickets so that they may take part in refugee status proceedings or visit a doctor.

43 THE NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS IS STILL GROWING

44 LOW NUMBER OF REFUGEE RECOGNITION Number of refugee recognition Number of individuals applying for refugee status in Poland ,2% ,2% ,1% ,2% Percentage of refugee recognition

45 Immigrants who are recognized as refugees are allowed to: stay in Poland go abroad (thanks to geneve passport) work in Poland on the same conditions as Poles do economic activity go to public schools have health insurance

46 Problems with refugee integration: program is expensive the ability to integrate of refugees is limited (f.ex. access to courses of polish is limited) more than two thirds of refugees had no interest in becoming familiar with polish culture and traditions

47 THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION