de facto stateless persons from
|
|
- Delphia Darleen West
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 de facto stateless persons from Thailand in Japanese society Chie KOMAI Fumie AZUKIZAWA 1 1 Ms.Chie Komai and Ms.Fumie Azukizawa are attorneys of Yokohama Bar Association in Japan.
2 1. Preface (1) Statelessness in Japan In Japan, you see several types of stateless persons reside though total number of them is not clear. For instance, there are stateless children whose parents came to Japan from states such as Brazil, which in principle grants or granted nationality only to people born on their own territory ( jus soli ). As Japanese nationality law in principle grants Japanese nationality by descent only ( jus sanguinis ), that is why sometimes foreign parents in Japan have made their children stateless, failing to make application for their children s nationality to their own states Consulate or so. There are babies whose non-japanese mothers nationality is unclear and whose fathers information is totally unknown. One of the babies won at the Supreme Court case and successfully got Japanese nationality in 1995 after a long time of court proceedings. However, still similar stateless babies remain in Japanese society. Furthermore, there are people who came to or were forced to take to Japan from Korean Peninsula, China and Taiwan until the end of the Second World War. Some of them and their offspring chose to be stateless when their countries of origin were divided. Their decision often accompanies much pain and pride at the same time, though. (2) Unknown stateless people in Japanese society In this paper we would like to introduce another category of stateless persons whose existence has been totally unknown even in Japanese society. They are people who illegally entered Japan from Thailand around Though they were born and brought up in Thailand, they have no Thai nationality as their parents are Indochinese refugees who came from Vietnam or Laos about years ago mainly in order to get
3 out of disasters of the first Indochinese War ( ). The offspring of Indochinese refugees entered Japan showing Thai passports with false names on them. Because they broke Japanese Immigration Law as such, Japanese Immigration Bureau tries to arrest and detain them for forceful deportation. However, even after being detained by Japanese Immigration Bureau, they have no chance to be deported towards Thailand and any other countries as they have no states to which belong at least in point of fact. As they have no Thai nationality, Thai government refuses them to accept. Vietnam and other Indochinese states cannot accept them as such governments have no documents which prove the persons ties with the states. No reports of birth, no names on family register, no personal information on any public documents. In Japan, they are labeled as illegal immigrants who should be detained and deported. Therefore, they could be called people in despair standing on the border, with no destination. However, they still have right to survive and enjoy their own life somewhere on this planet. That is why we, two attorneys in Japan claim that they need to be given the special permission for residence by Japanese government (Japanese Minister of Justice). Actually we do just grasp only about twenty of them at present and do not know how many of them in fact stay in Japan. There are no statistics on them. Most of them seem to lie in hiding at the bottom of Japanese society without any prospect of future. 2. Their situation in Thailand Of people who illegally enter Japan, there are a certain number of persons who cannot get any protection from any states on earth as a matter of fact. They were born and brought up in Thailand. Their parents came to Thailand more than about fifty years ago to get rid of wars or internal conflicts in Indochina.
4 In Thailand, which does not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, Indochinese Refugees (strictly speaking, who are not convention refugees, though) and their children were forced to live within the limited areas for refugees. Then, they had been under the harsh environment lacking some of basic human rights. For instance, they could not travel to other provinces without an official permission, were not given enough opportunity of education and could not get permanent jobs with fair income as they were the second-rated citizen without Thai nationality. They had to work at a very low wages compared with Thai people. They always stayed poor and they had no hope to escape from such poverty and discrimination. That is why some of those refugees children decided to illegally enter Japan and work there. They just could not stand the ever-lasting poverty of themselves and their family. After their flight to Japan mainly around 1990 and the start of their new life in Japan, Thai government changed their nationality law in 1992 and decided to give Thai nationality towards such children of Indochinese refugees when they apply for Thai nationality in Thailand. However, the refugees children who illegally came to Japan and started to work in Japan have had no opportunity to go back to Thailand in order to apply for Thai nationality. In fact, most of them even failed to have information on this precious chance to get Thai nationality. Therefore they lost the best opportunity to get Thai nationality. 3. Life of stateless persons in Japan As non-thai children of Indochinese refugees were born in Thailand, they do not have any official documents on their own nationality in Thailand and other Indochinese states, which means that they could not be given passports by Thai government and other Indochinese governments. Thai government did not give them any other documents which permit them to travel abroad. That is why they had to be assisted by illegal brokers in order to enter Japan. They obtained false passports with false Thai names to deceive Japanese Passport Control.
5 After entering Japan, they got jobs and have worked without committing crimes except for violation of Japanese Immigration Law. However, they always have to fear the risk of being arrested by Japanese police or the Immigration Bureau as they have no legal status for residence and are not permitted to stay and work in Japan. Then, they just have to keep illegally working at a law wage (they could earn more money than they could in Thailand, though) without getting any welfare services even from the health insurance. Actually, most of them in vain believed that they could finally go back to their home Thailand someday by means of deportation or so. They were born and brought up in Thailand. Almost all of their family members now live in Thai society. Except for illegal stay in Japan, they have had no experience to stay at any societies but Thai society. Those facts could easily make them believe and expect that they could return to Thailand someday though they understood that they had no Thai nationality. 4. They have no countries to accept even if Japanese government hopes to deport them Even if Japanese Immigration Bureau arrests, detains and hopes to deport them, there are no countries which accept them. Firstly, at present Thai government does never accept them as they have no nationality of Thailand. When a brother of one of them, who stays in Thailand petitioned the Bureau of Thai Internal Security Affairs for his brother s re-entry to Thailand, in September 2007 the Director of the Bureau officially responded to the petition as follows: With reference to your letter requesting us to help your younger brother, who was arrested by Japanese police officers on a charge of an illegal entry, to return to the Kingdom of Thailand We have coordinated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to
6 assist (your younger brother). However, we would like to inform you that he has been permitted to stay in Thailand temporarily and (your younger brother) has left the Kingdom of Thailand without permission and without valid passport, therefore, the permission to stay in the Kingdom temporarily has ended under the Section 39 of Immigration Act, B.E Thai Consulate at Osaka, Japan just admitted that they could enter Thailand again and see their family members if they could get legal status of residence and re-entry permit from Japanese government in addition. Secondly, some might say that Vietnamese government or Lao government could accept them as their parents are known as Indochinese Refugees who are supposed to have been born in such countries. However, such idea is neither realistic nor humanitarian one. It could be true that, their parents might have been born in Indochinese countries such as Vietnam and Laos, whose laws on nationality adopt jus sanguinis in principle. However, their parents escaped from battlefields in Vietnam or Laos about fifty years ago in extreme confusion of wartime. Then so many Indochinese refugees already passed away in Thailand, mostly without confessing much information on their own birthplaces to their children born in Thailand. That is why it becomes tremendously difficult for the refugees children to find out their parents footsteps (including official documents) outside Thailand. In addition, (needless to say,) both in Vietnam and Laos, you can find neither official nor unofficial records/documents on birth and existence of the refugees children in Thailand. Therefore, it is almost perfectly unrealistic and impossible to expect that either Vietnamese or Lao government admits the refugees children could be its own nationals. On this account, either Vietnamese
7 government or Lao government does never accept the refugees children when Japanese Immigration Bureau might try to deport them. In fact, Vietnamese Embassy at Tokyo refused such acceptance when it responded to our inquiry. It stated that Vietnamese government did not accept deportation of people who did not have any certificates of birth or other official documents issued by Vietnamese government. 5. Analysis from legal point of view (1) They are de facto stateless persons who need help. a. They might not be de jure stateless persons It might be true that their parents are Vietnamese or Lao. Their parents abandoned their home countries fifty or more years ago because of war. As Vietnamese or Lao law on nationality adopts jus sanguinis principle, children of Indochinese refugees, who were born in Thailand, could be logically regarded as Vietnamese or Lao. That is, they could not be regarded as de jure stateless persons, namely, persons who are not considered as nationals by any State under the operation of its law (art. 1 of the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons). b. Their situation is too similar to that of de jure stateless persons. However, their situations are still too similar to those of de jure stateless persons. That is, for most of the Vietnamese or Lao refugees children, it is often too difficult to prove that their ties to Vietnam or Laos after more than fifty years of their parents flight. Many official records were scrapped or lost during wartime or after-war terms. Even if there sill exist such public records, it is also difficult to find out them as many Indochinese refugees already passed away without telling much on their roots in detail to their children. That is why the children cannot find out the evidence of their true nationality
8 today even if their parents records still might exist somewhere in Vietnam or Laos. Without such official records of their parents, the children have no measures to prove that they are Vietnamese or Lao. Of course there are no certificates of the children s birth in Vietnamese or Lao public offices, which show their nationality. Therefore, we should conclude that their situations are tremendously close to those of de jure stateless persons. c. They are de facto stateless persons. Even if some of the refugees children could be logically called Vietnamese or Lao, they have no countries on earth to accept them in time of deportation. At present, Vietnamese Embassy clearly refused to allow the entry of the refugees children as they did neither possess Vietnamese passports nor Vietnamese official certificates of their own or their parents birth. Therefore they could be called de facto stateless persons who have no effective nationality and do not enjoy national protection, [UNHCR (2005), Nationality and Statelessness: a Handbook for Parliamentarians, p11], who might have a nationality according to the law, though. However, we do not assert that Vietnamese or Lao government should accept them to solve their de facto statelessness. The fact is still more complicated. Even if Vietnamese or Lao government might permit their admission, they should never be deported to such countries where they have neither visited nor have no links, from viewpoint of humanity. They have no information and measures to survive in Vietnam or Laos. Even though their parents might be born there, the parents escaped from their home country more than about fifty years ago. For the refugees children, Vietnam or Laos is perfectly unknown places without any kinds of bonds. No family, different cultures, different languages and different society from Thai ones. No wonder that no refugee s children hope to deport to such totally strange
9 society. If Japanese government direly executes such harsh deportation, it must be called inhumane and cruel treatment. (3) Special Permission for Residence should be given by Japanese government to such de facto stateless persons in Japan. At present, once they are arrested and detained by Japanese Immigration Bureau, months or years easily passed before they could be temporally released. During the terms of the Immigration Bureau s most slowly understanding that each of them has nowhere to be deported, their valuable time of life has been just wasted, being detained in the institution of the Immigration Bureau. In addition, even if they could be temporally released from the institution, they are still prohibited from working, which means, they have to keep breaking Japanese laws in order to work for survival. That is why we, two attorneys claim that Japanese Minister of Justice should immediately give them the Special Permission for Residence (SPR). Only by getting such lawful status of residence in Japan, they could make their life humane one. Only with such status, they can lawfully work at proper wage, get services of the health insurance, and bring up their children in the way as they hope. With such status, they do not need to feel worried about the possibility of arrest and detention. According to Japanese Immigration Law, giving such SPR is within discretion of the Minister of Justice and there are no clear criteria of such discretion. Each application for SPR is judged case by case, taking account of factors such as reasons of the application, the applicant s conduct and living conditions in Japan, situation of the applicant s family members and need for humanitarian consideration. For instance, a mother who brings up an unmarried minor child whose father is Japanese tends to get SPR. There are no clear criteria, though.
10 However, such discretion of the Minister of Justice is not almighty at all. The Supreme Court of Japan and other lower courts in Japan admit that such decisions of the Minister should be evaluated unlawful if the Minister s decisions clearly lack validity from viewpoint of social common sense. Without SPR, de facto stateless persons keep deprived of fundamental human rights including right to work (Article 23 of UDHR), right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being including medical care (Article 25 of UDHR) and right to freedom of movement and residence (Article 13 of UDHR) and there seems to be no prospect of getting protection of such rights from any governments on earth. No one should be kept out of protection of fundamental human rights forever. The decisions to ignore their long-lasting misery clearly can never have the slightest validity from any viewpoints of social common sense. Therefore the Minister s judgment to refuse their application for SPR must be evaluated unlawful. 6. Conclusion --- seeking long-term solution Obviously for the de facto stateless persons the Minister of Justice should give SPR in order to protect their human rights to stay somewhere on earth in peace. However, giving SPR is not enough to protect their human rights. Each SPR has a limited term of validity and could suddenly be taken away or refused to be renewed. Therefore even with SPR, their life still remains unstable. Since their birth without any effective nationalities, the de facto stateless persons born and brought up in Thailand have been deprived of right to education (Article 26), right to work (Article 23), right to freedom of movement and residence (Article 13), all declared in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
11 Article 15 of the UDHR states: Everyone has the right to nationality. This right is founded on the existence of a genuine and effective link between an individual and a state. [UNHCR (2005), Nationality and Statelessness: a Handbook for Parliamentarians, p9] In order to give long-term solution to this de facto statelessness still unknown even in Japanese society, immediate international cooperation is indispensable. The UNHCR whose mandate includes dealing with problems of statelessness should cooperate with Japanese government and Thai government, helping the stateless persons to get SPR from Japanese government as a short-term solution and, to get Thai nationality as a long-term solution. No one will deny that they are also entitled to enjoy the human rights stipulated in the International Human Rights treaties such as the ICCPR. However, the difficulties stateless persons have been facing in Japan and Thailand tell us that the international legal framework is far from enough to protect them. Compared to the problems of refugees, international society has not address those of stateless persons. We do hope that, through this paper, international society acknowledges their serious situation and start to explore ways to help them.
People s Republic of China
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: People s Republic of China I. BACKGROUND
More informationTitle Translation and Transform Japanese Context Author(s) Nguyen Thi, Hong Hao Citation 臨床教育人間学 = Record of Clinical-Philos (2013), 12: 44-48 Issue Date 2013-08-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/197121
More informationThe United States of America
Refugees International The United States of America Submission to the United Nations Universal Periodic Review Session 9 - November 2010 Submitting Organization and Methodology 1. Refugees International
More informationThe Rights of Non-Citizens
The Rights of Non-Citizens Introduction Who is a Non-Citizen? In the human rights arena the most common definition for a non-citizen is: any individual who is not a national of a State in which he or she
More informationINVISIBLE CITIZENS. November, 2009
INVISIBLE CITIZENS A Legal Study on Statelessness in Lebanon November, 2009 All Contents Copyright Frontiers Ruwad Association 2009. The content of this study may be reproduced or used for academic purposes
More informationOrder of the Royal Thai Police Headquarters No. 606/2549
Order of the Royal Thai Police Headquarters No. 606/2549 Re: Rules and Conditions in the Consideration of Alien Applications for Temporary Stay in the Kingdom of Thailand In considering the granting of
More informationAlternative Report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Submitted by Advocates for Public Interest Law
Alternative Report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee Republic of Korea, 113th Session Submitted by Advocates for Public Interest Law Contact Information: Advocates for Public Interest Law (APIL)
More informationGUIDELINES ON STATELESSNESS NO.
Distr. GENERAL HCR/GS/12/04 Date: 21 December 2012 Original: ENGLISH GUIDELINES ON STATELESSNESS NO. 4: Ensuring Every Child s Right to Acquire a Nationality through Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention
More informationCanadian Centre on Statelessness Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Canadian Centre on Statelessness Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 30 th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Third Cycle, May 2018) Canada
More informationOpinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its seventy-fifth session, April 2016
Advance Unedited Version Distr.: General 3 June 2016 Original: English Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its seventy-fifth
More informationCastan Centre for Human Rights Law. Monash University. Melbourne. Submission to the. Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee
Castan Centre for Human Rights Law Monash University Melbourne Submission to the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee Inquiry into the Migration Amendment (Strengthening the Character
More informationTemporary Resident Permits: Limits to protection for trafficked persons
Canadian Council for Refugees Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés Temporary Resident Permits: Limits to protection for trafficked persons In May 2006, the Canadian government issued guidelines for temporary
More informationNew Zealand s approach to Refugees: Legal obligations and current practices
New Zealand s approach to Refugees: Legal obligations and current practices Marie-Charlotte de Lapaillone The purpose of this report is to understand New Zealand s approach to its legal obligations concerning
More informationREPUBLIC OF KOREA I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND CURRENT CONDITIONS
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: REPUBLIC OF KOREA I. BACKGROUND
More informationJOINT STATEMENT Thailand: Implement Commitments to Protect Refugee Rights End detention, forcible returns of refugees
JOINT STATEMENT Thailand: Implement Commitments to Protect Refugee Rights End detention, forcible returns of refugees (Bangkok, July 6, 2017) On the occasion of the United Nations High Commissioner for
More informationHandout 5.1 Key provisions of international and regional instruments
Key provisions of international and regional instruments A. Lawful arrest and detention Article 9 (1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Everyone has the right to liberty and security
More informationUNDER THE RADAR AND UNDER PROTECTED
the urgent need to protect stateless children s rights UNDER THE RADAR AND UNDER PROTECTED The urgent need to address stateless children s rights 1 under the radar and under protected The Office of the
More informationFY 2005 Liaison Meeting - JILPT International Labor Information Project
FY 2005 Liaison Meeting - JILPT International Labor Information Project November 7-10, 2005 Tokyo, Japan Policies and Systems for Foreign Workers in Asian Countries: With a Special Reference To The Thai
More informationApplication handbook
Sato Academy Educational Foundation Osaka Biomedical Professional School Japanese language department Application handbook English edition Japanese regular course curriculum Course guide and time of application
More informationJapan s Comprehensive Strategy Against Human Trafficking
Japan s Comprehensive Strategy Against Human Trafficking Toyo ATSUMI, L.L.D. Abstract After analyzing the nature of the human trafficking as transnational and very complicated, the paper maintains pursuit
More informationAuthority and responsibility of States
Authority and responsibility of States Course on International Migration Law jointly organized by UNITAR, IOM, UNFPA and the MacArthur Foundation 13-15 June 2012 1 Sovereignty State sovereignty 1) External
More information22/08/2017. Discussion Topics: Statelessness in the United States. Stateless Person Definition
Statelessness in the United States 22August 2017 Discussion Topics: o o o o What is statelessness? Definition and causes of statelessness; Statelessness in the United States; Representing stateless persons
More informationInstitute on Statelessness and Inclusion. and Statelessness Network Asia Pacific. Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion and Statelessness Network Asia Pacific Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 28th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Third Cycle, 6-17 November
More informationTHE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA I. BACKGROUND
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: JAPAN I. BACKGROUND AND CURRENT
More informationRefugee Law In Hong Kong
Refugee Law In Hong Kong 1. International Refugee Law Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Geneva Convention as amended by the 1967 Protocol defines a refugee as any person who: owing to a well-founded fear of being
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report Universal Periodic Review: LIBYA I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Libya
More informationNotice: This is a translation of the Police order 777/2551 done by Isaan Lawyers (www.isaanlawyers.com). This is not an official translation and it
Notice: This is a translation of the Police order 777/2551 done by Isaan Lawyers (www.isaanlawyers.com). This is not an official translation and it should be used only for information purposes. In case
More informationImmigration Issues in New Mexico. Rebecca Kitson, Esq
Immigration Issues in New Mexico Rebecca Kitson, Esq Immigration Status United States Citizens (USC s): born in U.S., naturalized, or acquired/derived Lawful Permanent Residents (LPR s / green card holders
More informationARE YOU A UNITED STATES CITIZEN?
ARE YOU A UNITED STATES CITIZEN? WARNING This booklet provides general information about immigration law and does not cover individual cases. Immigration law changes often, and you should try to consult
More informationEMN FAMILY REUNIFICATION REPORT SMALL SCALE STUDY IV BY LEILA WRIGHT AND CHRISTINE LARSEN IMMIGRATION RESEARCH AND STATISTICS
EMN FAMILY REUNIFICATION REPORT SMALL SCALE STUDY IV BY LEILA WRIGHT AND CHRISTINE LARSEN IMMIGRATION RESEARCH AND STATISTICS EMN Small Scale Study IV Family Reunification Definitions The UK s definitions
More informationChinese Americans. Chinese Americans - Characteristics (2010 ACS)
Asian Americans are a diverse group in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Asian refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia or
More informationIMMIGRATION LAW OVERVIEW DETAILED OUTLINE
IMMIGRATION LAW OVERVIEW DETAILED OUTLINE This is the part of the law that deals with aliens who come to the United States to stay either permanently or temporarily. An alien who comes to stay temporarily
More informationEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC AUSTRALIA The current legislation on trafficking in persons in Australia covers all forms of exploitation indicated in the UN Trafficking Protocol. Between 21 and 213, 14 persons
More informationNorth Korea. Right to Food
January 2008 country summary North Korea Human rights conditions in the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (North Korea) remain abysmal. Authorities continue to prohibit organized political opposition,
More informationSTATELESS PERSONS: A DISCUSSION NOTE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER'S PROGRAMME Forty-third session SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION EC/1992/SCP/CRP.4 1 April 1992 ENGLISH 18th meeting STATELESS PERSONS:
More informationGlobal Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights And Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion
Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights And Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion Joint Submission to the Human Rights Council at the 29 th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (Third cycle,
More informationCommission, 2006, Vol II, Pt II, 25, 26.
Topic 9: Diplomatic protection (297-329) Where a state mistreats a national of another state in such a way as to violate standards prescribed by CIL or conventional international law, the state whose nationality
More informationData Section 1. Major Developments since April 1, 2013
1. Major Developments since April 1, 2013 1. Major Developments since April 1, 2013 (Since FY 2013) Date Developments Contents April 30 2013 May 20 2013 Same date May 23 2013 June 24 2013 July 1 2013 Partial
More information8 Know Your Rights. This part explains: What if ICE agents approach me in public? What if ICE goes to my home? Know Your Rights
8 Know Your Rights This part explains: What your rights are if ICE approaches you in public What are your rights if ICE approaches you at home What happens if you are arrested How to locate someone who
More informationBody of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment
Français Español Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment Adopted by General Assembly resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988 Scope of the Body of Principles
More informationOpinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its sixty-ninth session (22 April-1 May 2014)
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 1 July 2014 A/HRC/WGAD/2014/8 Original: English Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention GE.14-07114 (E) *1407114* Opinions adopted by the
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report -
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review of: NEW ZEALAND I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
More informationBuilding Effective Cross-Border and Regional Cooperation in East Asia
"Building Effective Cross-Border and Regional Cooperation in East Asia," East Asian Regional Cooperation in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; (Beijing Conference, 2006), Tokyo: Japan
More informationCommentary on Parliament s intention in introducing registration provisions for children in the British Nationality Act 1981 as this relates to fees:
Commentary on Parliament s intention in introducing registration provisions for children in the British Nationality Act 1981 as this relates to fees: This commentary is based upon research conducted by
More information(ROYAL EMBLEM) ORDER OF THE ROYAL THAI POLICE BUREAU No. 777/2551
(ROYAL EMBLEM) ORDER OF THE ROYAL THAI POLICE BUREAU No. 777/2551 Re: Criteria and Conditions for Consideration of an Alien s Application for a Temporary Stay in the Kingdom of Thailand Pursuant to Order
More informationGreek Citizenship Code
Greek Citizenship Code DISCLAIMER: The following information is presented so that you have a better understanding of the laws which are presently in force. The information is provided as a convenience
More information4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS As Thailand continues in its endeavour to strike the right balance between protecting vulnerable migrants and effectively controlling its porous borders, this report
More informationDEGREE PLUS DO WE NEED MIGRATION?
DEGREE PLUS DO WE NEED MIGRATION? ROBERT SUBAN ROBERT SUBAN Department of Banking & Finance University of Malta Lecture Outline What is migration? Different forms of migration? How do we measure migration?
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report -
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: THE STATE OF QATAR I. BACKGROUND
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: HAITI I. Background and Current
More informationHard Lessons & Useful Strategies to Help Uyghur Refugees. Alim A. Seytoff, Esq. Director Uyghur Human Rights Project Washington, DC
Hard Lessons & Useful Strategies to Help Uyghur Refugees Alim A. Seytoff, Esq. Director Uyghur Human Rights Project Washington, DC!" Hard Lessons! Lessons are many as we have heard the history and personal
More informationGuidelines on Special Permission to Stay in Japan
Guidelines on Special Permission to Stay in Japan October 2006 Revised July 2009 Immigration Bureau, Ministry of Justice I Basic rationale on special permission to stay in Japan, and matters taken into
More information(UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION) LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. on Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan
(UNOFFICIAL TRANSLATION) LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN on Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan (with amendments and additions as of 27.04.2012.) Enforced by the Resolution of the Supreme Council
More informationCOMMONWEALTH OF THE BAHAMAS
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees For the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: COMMONWEALTH OF THE BAHAMAS I. BACKGROUND
More informationBecoming a Swedish citizen
Becoming a Swedish citizen 1 Citizenship History, principles and decision-making authority The Swedish law of citizenship evolved in the 17th and 18th centuries. A Swedish citizen was a person who had
More informationCONTENTS. 1. Description and methodology Content and analysis Recommendations...17
Draft Report on Analysis and identification of existing gaps in assisting voluntary repatriation of rejected asylum seekers and development of mechanisms for their removal from the territory of the Republic
More informationCOMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON NATIONALITY (CJ-NA) REPORT ON MISUSE OF NATIONALITY LAWS 1
Strasbourg, 20 April 2004 COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON NATIONALITY (CJ-NA) REPORT ON MISUSE OF NATIONALITY LAWS 1 Extract from the report of the 16 th meeting of CJ-NA (20-22 October 1999) 1 This report has
More informationSTATELESSNESS IN LEBANON SUBMISSION IN VIEW OF LEBANON S SECOND PERIODIC REVIEW BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL
أ.د 231/ # Reg. Frontiers, Ruwad Association is a Lebanese non- profit independent organization providing professional, sustainable assistance to marginalized people to assist them to understand and access
More informationDang Nguyen Anh Professor and Director, Institute of Sociology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Dang Nguyen Anh Professor and Director, Institute of Sociology, Hanoi, Vietnam Dr. Dang Nguyen Anh has conducted a number of research projects and published widely on migration and labor mobility in the
More informationIMMIGRATION APPEAL TRIBUNAL. Before : Mr J Barnes Mr M G Taylor CBE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT. and
H-AS-V1 Heard at Field House On 1 July 2003 SC (Internal Flight Alternative - Police) Russia [2003] UKIAT 00073 IMMIGRATION APPEAL TRIBUNAL notified: Delivered orally in Court Date written Determination
More informationStatelessness Ireland s obligations under the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. Karen Berkeley, Solicitor
Statelessness Ireland s obligations under the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Karen Berkeley, Solicitor Introduction : Mr Roman Uustalu, first declaration of Statelessness in
More informationA/HRC/13/34. General Assembly. United Nations. Human rights and arbitrary deprivation of nationality
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2009 Original: English A/HRC/13/34 Human Rights Council Thirteenth session Agenda item 3 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner
More informationPractical realities of national identification systems in Africa: When is an undocumented person stateless?
Practical realities of national identification systems in Africa: When is an undocumented person stateless? Bronwen Manby The Use of Technology in Identity Verification EMN Norway s National Conference,
More informationLegislation from
Legislation from 1961-1980 Table of Contents: 1 Act of July 14, 1960 (74 Statutes-at-Large 504)... 1 2 Act of August 17, 1961 (75 Statutes-at-Large 364)... 1 3 Act of September 26, 1961 (75 Statutes-at-Large
More informationPublic Goods Supply on Korean Peninsular 1. Zhang Jingquan. Professor, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University
Public Goods Supply on Korean Peninsular 1 Zhang Jingquan Professor, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University As we know, the scarcest resource on Korean Peninsular is security. However, what
More informationTHE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. Recipient: The Parliament (National Assembly) of the Republic of Azerbaijan
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN Recipient: The Parliament (National Assembly) of the Republic of Azerbaijan Following Article 96 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Draft
More informationNovember December 2016
Statistics Percentage of migrant workers by types of work permit Migrant workers and their dependents Policies and Laws November December 2016 November 2016 1. Notification of the Office of the Prime Minister
More informationA Child Rights-Based Approach to the Prevention of Childhood Statelessness in Europe
A Child Rights-Based Approach to the Prevention of Childhood Statelessness in Europe Daniela Heerdt, AnR: 716991 Tilburg University LLM International and European Public Law Master Thesis Submitted 12-12-2013
More informationPart II. Immigration Control in Recent Years
Immigration Control in Recent s Chapter 1. Foreign Nationals Entering and Departing from Japan Chapter 1. Foreign Nationals Entering and Departing from Japan Section 1 Changes in the Number of Foreign
More informationSummary of the Results
Summary of the Results CHAPTER I: SIZE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION 1. Trends in the Population of Japan The population of Japan is 127.77 million. It increased by 0.7% over the five-year
More informationS ince the passage of the
By Rebecca Bernhardt S ince the passage of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Responsibility Act in 1996, the number of lawful permanent residents
More informationUNHCR. Seminar on Statelessness Determination Procedures. 5 May Susan McMonagle Protection Assistant
UNHCR Seminar on Statelessness Determination Procedures 5 May 2016 Susan McMonagle Protection Assistant Overview Statelessness in numbers who and where Causes of statelessness Stateless determination procedure
More informationOverseas Travel Procedure Guidebook for Conscription Candidates Military Manpower Administration
Overseas Travel Procedure Guidebook for Conscription Candidates 2015 Military Manpower Administration M i l i t a r y M a n p o w e r A d m i n i s t r a t i o n Contents Overseas Travel Procedure Guidebook
More informationNorth Korea JANUARY 2018
JANUARY 2018 COUNTRY SUMMARY North Korea North Korea is one of the most repressive authoritarian states in the world. In his sixth year in power, Kim Jong-un the third leader of the dynastic Kim family
More informationInternational History Declassified
Digital Archive International History Declassified digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org March 30, 1972 Telegram from the Japanese Ambassador in Korea to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, 'Observations on the
More informationBurmese Children in Thailand: Legal Aspects
L E G A L I S S U E S O N B U R M A J O U R N A L M IGRANT ISSUES Burmese Children in Thailand: Legal Aspects Nyo Nyo* People from Burma have become the major group of displaced persons in Thailand. Most
More informationPopulation structure 2017
Population 2018 Population structure 2017 Population with foreign background Average age of second generation immigrants with foreign background 11 years According to Statistics Finland, the average age
More informationJapan s Substitute Prison Shocks the World Daiyo Kangoku and the UN Committee against Torture s Recommendations September 2008
Japan s Substitute Prison Shocks the World Daiyo Kangoku and the UN Committee against Torture s Recommendations September 2008 The United Nations Committee against Torture Required the Abolition of Daiyo
More informationOpinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its seventy-sixth session, August 2016
Advance Unedited Version Distr.: General 7 September 2016 A/HRC/WGAD/2016 Original: English Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary
More informationPROMOTING ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP AS A MEANS TO REDUCE STATELESSNESS - FEASIBILITY STUDY -
Strasbourg, 18 October 2006 CDCJ-BU (2006) 18 [cdcj-bu/docs 2006/cdcj-bu (2006) 18 e] BUREAU OF THE EUROPEAN COMMITTEE ON LEGAL CO-OPERATION (CDCJ-BU) PROMOTING ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP AS A MEANS TO
More informationSubmission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Compilation Report - Universal Periodic Review: MOLDOVA I. Background and current
More informationKingdom of Thailand Universal Periodic Review 2 nd Cycle Submitted 21 September 2015
Kingdom of Thailand Universal Periodic Review 2 nd Cycle Submitted 21 September 2015 INTRODUCTION 1. The following report is submitted on behalf of Asylum Access, 1 the Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network
More informationAsian Labor Migration: The Role of Bilateral Labor and Similar Agreements 1
Asian Labor Migration: The Role of Bilateral Labor and Similar Agreements 1 By Stella P. Go De La Salle University Philippine Migration Research Network Over the years efforts at finding viable mechanisms
More informationImmigration To Thailand
Immigration To Thailand Thailand INTRODUCTION Thailand s Immigration processes are governed by three main Acts. These are the Immigration Act, Alien Working Act, and the Nationality Act. The Immigration
More informationUNHCR / A. PLOTNIKOV UNHCR / K. MCKINSEY
Cover photo: Among those left stateless after the dissolution of the USSR were Tajik refugees who fled to Kyrgyzstan in the early 1990s. As a result of changes in the law and assistance from UNHCR, close
More informationNationality Law, 1959
Nationality Law, 1959 Publisher Publication Date Reference Cite as Comments Disclaimer National Legislative Bodies 1959 KWT-110 Nationality Law, 1959 [], 1959, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid
More informationSOUTH-EAST ASIA. A sprightly 83 year-old lady displaced by Typhoon Haiyan collects blankets for her family in Lilioan Barangay, Philippines
SOUTH-EAST ASIA 2013 GLOBAL REPORT Bangladesh Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao People s Democratic Republic Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam A sprightly 83 year-old
More informationOn 15 August 2005, the Government of
East Asia and the Pacific Australia Cambodia China Democratic People s Republic of Korea Indonesia Japan Lao People s Democratic Republic Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar New Zealand Papua New Guinea Philippines
More informationUnited Nations Cards
These are cards that I used for my last refugee camp. If you want to go with this idea, I can easily adjust to make them relevant to the countries that you want to focus on. Susan United Nations Cards
More informationThe Feminization Of Migration, And The Increase In Trafficking In Migrants: A Look In The Asian And Pacific Situation
The Feminization Of Migration, And The Increase In Trafficking In Migrants: A Look In The Asian And Pacific Situation INTRODUCTION Trends and patterns in international migration in recent decades have
More informationPrevention and reduction of statelessness in the Americas
Prevention and reduction of statelessness in the Americas Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs, Organization of American States February 23, 2012 Legal bases for action to prevent and reduce statelessness
More informationInformation Dissemination to Foreign Residents in Osaka Prefecture Study Report -The Flow of Administrative Information-
OFIX News Issue 33 (April 2011) E-Newsletter distributed by the Osaka Foundation of International Exchange Contents 01 Event Report 1 Information Dissemination to Foreign Residents in Osaka Prefecture
More informationHOW TO APPLY FOR ASYLUM, WITHHOLDING OF REMOVAL, AND/OR PROTECTION UNDER ARTICLE 3OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE
HOW TO APPLY FOR ASYLUM, WITHHOLDING OF REMOVAL, AND/OR PROTECTION UNDER ARTICLE 3OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE WARNING: This booklet provides general information about immigration law and does not
More informationORDINANCE ON ENTRY, EXIT, AND RESIDENCE OF FOREIGNERS IN VIETNAM
STANDING COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY No. 24-2000-PL-UBTVQH10 SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness Hanoi, 28 April 2000 ORDINANCE ON ENTRY, EXIT, AND RESIDENCE OF FOREIGNERS
More informationOur Practice REFUGEES AND ASYLEES
REFUGEES AND ASYLEES Our Practice REFUGEES AND ASYLEES Three types of relief exist for foreign nationals who fear persecution in their home countries on the grounds of race, religion, national origin,
More informationIMMIGRATION APPEAL TRIBUNAL. Before : His Honour Judge N Ainley (Vice President) Mr D K Allen Mr K Kimnell. and
LSH Heard at: Field House On 6 May 2004 OM (Cuba returning dissident) Cuba CG [2004] UKIAT 00120 IMMIGRATION APPEAL TRIBUNAL notified: Date Determination 24 May 2004 Before : His Honour Judge N Ainley
More informationBackground Paper on Geneva Conventions and Persons Held by U.S. Forces
Background Paper on Geneva Conventions and Persons Held by U.S. Forces January 29, 2002 Introduction 1. International Law and the Treatment of Prisoners in an Armed Conflict 2. Types of Prisoners under
More informationJuvenile Justice System in Myanmar with a view on cross-border safeguards for children in contact with the law
Juvenile Justice System in Myanmar with a view on cross-border safeguards for children in contact with the law I. Brief Background of Juvenile Justice System (i) Main Legal Instruments relating to Juvenile
More informationInternational Law and the Use of Armed Force by States
International Law and the Use of Armed Force by States Abel S. Knottnerus 1 Introduction State violence is defined in this volume as the illegitimate use of force by states against the rights of others.
More information