Social Audit & Social Impact Assessment Report

Transcription

1 Social Audit & Social Impact Assessment Report of Kapurdi and Jalipa Lignite Mine for Barmer Lignite Mining Company Limited July 2014

2 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 E1 INTRODUCTION 3 E2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA 3 E3 PROJECT IMPACTS 3 E4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 3 E5 RECOMMENDATIONS 4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 5 11 PROJECT BACKGROUND 5 12 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROJECT 6 13 SOCIAL AUDIT Basic Principles of Social Audit Benefits of Social Audit 9 14 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED 9 15 SOCIAL COMMITMENT 9 CHAPTER 2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCE ZONE INTRODUCTION Kapurdi Mine Block Jalipa Mine Block 14 CHAPTER 3 PROJECTS IMPACTS INTRODUCTION IMPACT ON LAND Impact On Crops IMPACT ON PAHS Occupational Pattern Living Standards Literacy Status Family Types Women Development Expenditure of PAHs FINDINGS FROM THE IMPACTS & OBSERVATIONS 23 CHAPTER 4 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS MAJOR FINDINGS 32 CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ACTIVITIES ENVISAGED CSR activities proposed 37 2

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY E1 INTRODUCTION Barmer Lignite Mining Company Limited (a Government of Rajasthan Enterprise) is Joint Venture Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19 th January, 2007 (51:49) between Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited and Raj West Power Limited The company was incorporated for the purpose to develop, operate and extract lignite from Kapurdi and Jalipa lignite mining blocks in Barmer district of Rajasthan For a community-oriented company project does not complete with the land acquisition only It goes beyond The years old debate of development versus displacement also demands that one audit should be there to assess the needs of community in the changing scenario as every acquisition brings new horizons in the life Social Audit of Kapurdi and Jalipa has been conducted to study the various aspects of acquisition in the pre and post scenario of acquisition for the affected households due to mine lease area While issuing the environmental clearance for the project, the MoEF had also directed to conduct social-economic survey based on key indices given in the UNDP Human Development Report and monitor the status once every 3 years till end of project on the socio-economic status of the displaced communities and of the local villagessocio-economic Profile of the Study Area Population of the Barmer district is as per Census 2011 of which males are and females are The literacy rate of Barmer is 5749% The total working population is The Census of India 2011 enlighten us about the district on various parameters Kapurdi and Jalipa socio-economic profile is also discussed in the chapter 2 E2 PROJECT IMPACTS The project has many positive impacts It has helped in changing the quality of life, social-conventions, behavioral changes towards females and children, attitude towards the health and hygiene, technological advancement, sources of entertainment and understanding of surrounding world It has been observed that populace at mass got the new opportunities, linkage, investments and access to the services essential for a pragmatic life The findings from the social audit of the affected people are increase in living standards, indirect employment, saving, material assets etc E3 PUBLIC CONSULTATION Different techniques of consultation with stakeholders were used such as in-depth interviews, public meetings, group discussions, Individual Consultations etc to understand the socio-economic profile of the community and affected families The 3

4 public consultation and survey were conducted in the month of January, 2014 Sample questionnaire has been attached as Annexure 1) It wasuse to collect information from the individuals on one-to-one basis The consultations have been carried out with special emphasis on the vulnerable groups We would like to underline the role of our research team that had Rajasthani knowing members (both male and female) those could loudly open the surveyed people and helped us to assess all their expectations, aspirations and dreams E4 RECOMMENDATIONS Corporate Social Responsibilities activities have been proposed suggesting the desired activities to be undertaken The budget allocated for CSR activities is Rs 5/- (Rupees Five only) per ton of lignite production from both the mines The activities are proposed after considering the needs of the changing scenario and the hardships faced especially by marginal land owner 4

5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 11 PROJECT BACKGROUND Barmer Lignite Mining Company Limited (a Government of Rajasthan Enterprise) is joint venture (51:49) between Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited (RSMML) and Raj West Power Limited The company was incorporated with the purpose to develop, operate and extract lignite from Kapurdi and Jalipa lignite mining blocks in Barmer district of Rajasthan Barmer Lignite Mining Company Limited ( BLMCL ) is one of the progressive Joint Ventures of the Government of Rajasthan BLMCL is lignite mining company with its presence in Barmer district of Rajasthan The entire lignite mined from the Kapurdi and Jalipa Lignite mines are for exclusive supply to the Pit head Power plant of Raj West Power Limited (RWPL) Government of Rajasthan (GoR) and Raj West Power Limited (RWPL, a subsidiary company of JSW Energy Limited), entered into an implementation agreement (IA) dated May 29, 2006 for implementation, operation and maintenance of lignite mining cum thermal power plants with associated facilities for 1080 MW (8x135 MW) power generation based on lignite as fuel to be mined from the Jalipa & Kapurdi Lignite Mines located at Dist Barmer in Rajasthan Figure 11: Project Location The total Gross Geological Reserves for Kapurdi and Jalipa mining blocks are estimated by Minerals Exploration Corporation of India Ltd, A GoI enterprise at around 466 Million Tones The boundaries of lignite mines of Kapurdi and Jalipa are located within a radius of 45 kms from the Power Project Kapurdi and Jalipa Mining blocks are situated within 20 kms north of Barmer Town KAPURDI LIGNITE MINES, BARMER Kapurdi Lignite Block is situated with in 20 Km North of Barmer Town on National Highway 15 in the district of Barmer Indo-Pak International Border is at a distance of about 120 km West of the block Uttarlai, the nearest Railway Station is located at a 5

6 distance of 11 km South East of the Block This block has lease area of Hectares covering 7 villages in the Barmer district of Rajasthan Land for Kapurdi mining block was acquired by the State of Rajasthan for RSMML through various Land Acquisition Notifications under LA Act 1894 Land Acquisition process was completed in September 2009 after declaring the Final Award by the Land Acquisition Officer The entire mining lease area of Kapurdi block lies in Great Indian Desert of Thar Most of the lands are un-irrigated agricultural land and no forest land involved There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserves in the acquired areas and the buffer zone JALIPA LIGNITE MINES, BARMER Jalipa Lignite Block is situated at 105 km north of Barmer Town on National Highway 15 in the district of Barmer Indo-Pak International Border is at a distance of about 120 km West of the block Uttarlai, the nearest railway station is located at a distance of 11 km South-East of Jalipa Block This block has lease area of hectares covering 7 villages in the Barmer district of Rajasthan The entire mining lease area of Jalipa block lies in the Great Indian Desert of Thar Most of the lands are barren and unirrigated agricultural land and there are no forest land involved However there is a thin strip of plantation on either side of the NH 15 which is bisecting the Jalipa lease area Total area of the strip plantation falling within Jalipa lignite block is 9794 hectare belonging to highway authorities but declared as protected forest for which appropriate clearance (stage II forest clearance) has already been obtained by BLMCL as there is planning to divert this portion of NH 15 There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserves Table No 11 -Affected Villages in the Study area S No Kapurdi Mine Block Jalipa Mine Block 1 Kapurdi 2 Ishwarpura 3 Sutharon ki Dhani Adarsh Chuli 4 Prajapaton ki Dhani Chak Dholka 5 Rohili Jalipa Agore 6 Bothiya Jagir Lakhetali 7 Bothiya Purohitan Viramnagar 12 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROJECT Mining Plans for Kapurdi and Jalipa Lignite Mines have been approved by Ministry of Coal (MoC) Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) has been received for both Kapurdi and Jalipa Lignite Mines Mining lease for Kapurdi Lignite Mine (Originally sanctioned for 30 years) has been transferred in favour of the Company Mine Closure Plan has also been approved by MoC for both Kapurdi and Jalipa 6

7 Lignite Mines Kapurdi block includes 7 villages in which total 275 Prakaran (cases) were there and in all the cases award has been declared and mining has started Jalipa block includes 7 villages in which there are 417 Prakaran (cases) In all the cases award has been declared but lease area has not been evacuated fully by the families despite of the fact that they have received their compensation in full and have given the possession in writing once Changes in earnings from traditional agriculture & the related activities to territory business and jobs has been seen, Increase in business activities such as in real estate, service providers business has increased Both direct and indirect employment opportunities have increased in the study area 13 SOCIAL AUDIT BLMCL in its endeavor to meet up with the statutory obligations engaged us vide their letter no BLMCL/Social Audit/ / dated 23 rd Dec 2013 for conducting Socio Economic Survey based on key indices given in the UNDP Human development report on following terms of references: 1 Changes in earnings of family from agriculture land as crop revenues, other businesses associated in the then villages, handicrafts, artisans/folk musicians, livestock 2 Gains of families by way of alternative sources of income 3 Gains of families by way of alternative employment opportunities in Kapurdi/ Jalipa projects or other ancillary projects 4 Gains of families by other indirect employment opportunities 5 Socio, economic and cultural study of the community in the light of compensation package 6 Changes in standard of living 7 Educational growth, institutions, subjects chosen and planning for career in academics and professions 8 Impact of displacement on family fabric and socialization 9 Kind of social work they are in need and their aspirations/road map of CSR 10 Changing scenario of Gender and equity after the acquisition 11 Adoption of modern agriculture technique in farming and modern architecture in the construction of houses 12 Addressing the issues of sanitation, environment, female education, cleanliness and public health 13 Quality of connectivity to residential area before and after land acquisition 14 Daily distance travelled by villagers specially ladies to collect water before and after acquisition 15 Adult literacy rate, both sexes 16 Average annual population growth rate 7

8 17 Children under five who are under weight for their age (moderate and severe) 18 Combined gross enrolment in education (both sexes) 19 Expected Years of Schooling (of children) 20 Fixed and mobile telephone subscribers per 100 people 21 GII: Gender Inequality Index, value 22 Graduates in science and engineering 23 Health index 24 Homicide rate 25 Human Development Index (HDI) value 26 Labour force participation rate, female-male ratio 27 Life expectancy at birth 28 Population with at least secondary education, female/male ratio Social audit can be described as checking and verification of a programme/ scheme implementation and its results by the community with the active involvement of the primary stakeholders Social audit covers the quantity and quality of works in relation to the expenses incurred/disbursement made, number of works/ materials used and also selection of works and location of works The aim is effective implementation and control of irregularity Administrative machinery should extend full support in carrying out social audit by the communities Social audit is an independent evaluation of the performance as it relates to the attainment of its social goals It is an instrument of social accountability of an organization A social audit is conducted over the life span of a scheme of programme and not just in one go or at one stage It audits the process, the outputs and the outcome It audits planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation A social audit is a way of measuring, understanding, reporting and ultimately improving an organization s social and ethical performance A social audit helps to narrow gaps between vision/goal and reality, between efficiency and effectiveness It is a technique to understand, measure, verify, report on and to improve the social performance of the organization 131 Basic Principles of Social Audit The basic principles of social audit include: Transparency: Complete transparency in the process of administration and decision-making, with an obligation on the government to give the people full access to all relevant information Accountability: Immediate and public answerability of elected Representatives and government functionaries, to all the concerned and affected people, on relevant actions or inactions 8

9 Participation: A right based entitlement for all the affected persons (and not just their representatives) to participate in the process of decision-making and validation; Representative participation: Where options are predetermined out of necessity, the right of the affected persons to give informed consent, as a group or as individuals, or appropriate 132 Benefits of Social Audit Social Audit helps in: Awareness generation Monitoring the implementation Impact in processes Grievances Redressal & follow-up of corrective actions 14 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED The data collected for the social audit was in two ways, Primary and Secondary Public Consultation have been adopted as an important tool for data collection, grievance redressal mechanism and proposed CSR plans The survey included field observations, personal interviews and information obtained through questionnaires During the process, we met with some of the land loosers and visited their old hamlets and new houses with new vehicles and gadgets We could get the information as to how they used their compensation money in purchasing more land in irrigated area It was interesting that flow of money has changed their behavior, attitude and concern towards life and towards females and children They have now started thinking in the new rays of lights regarding education, health and hygiene 15 SOCIAL COMMITMENT As a responsible corporate entity committed to discharge its social obligations, BLMCL has been contributing generously towards the development of the areas located near its mining sites and other areas of operation It s MDO South West Mining Limited is also active in community service Contributions in the areas given below- Medical & Health care Education Drinking Water Environment Development of village infrastructure The Company has been providing medical, educational and other facilities to the villages situated around its mines 9

10 Medical Camps are being organized in the villages around the mine location and project areas of the Company where free check-up and medicines are provided In view of high priority to fulfill its social responsibilities, the Company regularly takes up works related to socio-economic development along with environment restoration and management in the areas in the buffer zone of Kapurdi and Jalipa Lignite Blocks 10

11 CHAPTER 2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCE ZONE 21 INTRODUCTION This chapter contains socio-economic profile of Rajasthan state and project-impacted District Barmer An overview of the demographic profile of the districts as per 2011 census, demographic data which will include population, sex ratio, literacy rate, working, occupation etc are given below 22 SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS OF PROJECT INFLUENCE DISTRICT The project influence area has been considered as administrative boundaries of the district It includes the mine blocks of Kapurdi and Jalipa 221 Barmer district Profile Barmer district is located in Rajasthan and is the 7 th populous district out of the 33 districts of the state and 157 th populous district in India The population density is 92 persons per square km the area of Barmer is sq km which stands 3 rd largest in Rajasthan and 5 th largest in India in terms of total area The town of Barmer is 210 km from Jodhpur through Balotra and from Pachpadra it is 108 km Jailsmer is 157 km away, Jaipur is 588 km and Ahemdabad is 385 from Barmer The major highways passing through the district are NH 15 and NH 112 Major attractions in the Barmer district are Asotra, Batadu ke kue, Brahma Temple, Jain Temple, Jogmaya Temple etc Barmer festival held every year in February is the major tourist attraction Population of the Barmer district is as per Census 2011 of which males are and females are The literacy rate of Barmer is 5749% which stands on the 29 th rank in terms of literacy out of the 33 districts of Rajasthan Male literacy of Barmer is 7232% with respect to male population and female literacy stands at 4103% with regards to female population The total working population is in which males constitute of 5790% and females are 4209% As per census of India 2011, agriculturist and the related activities is the main occupation of the district 222 Kapurdi Mine Block 2221 Project Area Population 11

12 Villages Households Population Males Females Population (0-6) Males (0-6) Females (0-6) Population SC Males SC Females SC Population ST Males ST Females ST Social Audit and Social Impact Assessment of Kapurdi and Table 21: Project Area Population Bothiya Jageer Bothiya Purohita Kapoordi Prajapaton Ki Dhani Sutharon Ki Dhani Ishwer Pura Rohili Total Census of India 2011 The total population of the Kapurdi Mine block is persons living in the 1660 households and the average family size is 4-6 persons per family The males in the study area are 52 per cent and females constitute to be 48 per cent The population of (0-6) in the study area is 1934 which accounts to be 1924 per cent of the total population The boy child population is 51 per cent and the girl child is 49 per cent of the total (0-6) population The SCs and STs constitute of 660 per cent and 004 per cent merely of the total population The Table 21 shows the population of the villages falling under Kapurdi mining lease area It is taken from 2011 census of India and Rehabilitation has been after Sex Ratio The Table 22 shows the sex ratio of the villages falling under Kapurdi mine block The overall sex ratio of the study area is 923 females over thousand males The sex ratio of population (0-6) is 974 girls over thousand boys The SC and ST sex ratio in the study area is 922 and 1000 females over thousand males Table 22: Sex ratio of the villages falling arround Kapurdi Mine Block Villages Household Sex Ratio of total population Sex Ratio of Population (0-6) Sex Ratio of SC Population Bothiya Jageer Bothiya Purohita

13 Kapurdi Prajawaton Ki Dhani Sutharon Ki Dhani Ishwer Pura Rohili Total Census of India Literacy Standards The total literate in the study area is only 4770 per cent and the average literate in each household is approximately 1 or 2 persons (While quoting average, it is a firm figure where 1 or 2) The male literacy is 6075 per cent of the total male population on the other hand females literacy is only 3354 per cent with respect to female population Low literacy in the region especially in females is due to the least preference given to them The literacy rate in Kapurdi Mine Block is shown in Table 23 below Table 23: Literacy rate in Villages arroundkapurdi Mine Block Villages Household Literate Population Literate Males Literate Females Bothiya Jageer Bothiya Purohita Kapurdi Prajawaton Ki Dhani Sutharon Ki Dhani Ishwer Pura Rohili Total Census of India Working Population The total working population of the study area is 4631 per cent of which the main working population constitutes of 4027 per cent of the total working population The details of the total working population in the villages falling under Kapurdi ML area are given in Table 24 The total working males constitutes of 4923 per cent of the male population of the study area and female working population is 4314 per cent of the total female population 13

14 Villages Household Total Working Population Total Working Males Total Working Females Main Working Males Main Working Females Social Audit and Social Impact Assessment of Kapurdi and Table 24: Working Population in Kapurdi Mine Block Bothiya Jageer Bothiya Purohita Kapoordi Prajawaton Ki Dhani Sutharon Ki Dhani Ishwer Pura Rohili Total Census of India Jalipa Mine Block 2231 Project Area Population The total population of the Jalipa Mine Block is 6310 persons living in the 1106 households and the average family size is 4 to 6 persons per family The males in the study area are 52 per cent and females constitute to be 48 per cent The population of (0-6) in the study area is 1113 which accounts to be 1763 per cent of the total population The boy child population is 5256 per cent and the girl child is 4743 per cent of the total (0-6) population The SCs constitute of 1933 per cent of the total population There is no ST population in the villages The Table 25 shows the population of the villages falling Jalipa Block 14

15 Villages Households Population Males Females Population (0-6) Males (0-6) Females (0-6) Population SC Males SC Females SC Population ST Males ST Females ST Social Audit and Social Impact Assessment of Kapurdi and Table 25: Project Area Population Lakhet ali Jalipa Agor Adarsh Chooli Viram Nagar Chak Dholka Kapurd i Ishwer Pura Total Census of India Sex Ratio The Table 26 shows the sex ratio of the villages falling under Jalipa Mine Block The overall sex ratio of the study area is 919 females over thousand males The sex ratio of population (0-6) is 974 girls over thousand boys The SC sex ratio in the study area is 903 females over thousand males This shows that the girls in the study area are not given preference due to the cultural or ethnic factors Lack of education and poverty are also the reasons of gender biasness which have led to low female sex ratio Villages Table 26: Sex ratio of the villages falling under Jalipa Mine Block Household Sex Ratio of total population Sex Ratio of Population (0-6) Sex Ratio of SC Population Sex Ratio of ST Population Lakhetali Jalipa Agor Adarsh Chooli Viram Nagar Chak Dholka

16 Villages Household Total Working Population Total Working Males Total Working Females Main Working Males Main Working Females Social Audit and Social Impact Assessment of Kapurdi and Kapoordi Ishwer - Pura Total Census of India Literacy Standards The total literate in the study area is only 46 per cent and the average literate in each household is approximately 1 or 2 persons (Average is a firm figure 1, 13, 16 or 2) The male literacy is 6013 per cent of the total male population on the other hand females literacy is only 3061 per cent with respect to female population Low literacy in the region especially in females is due to the least preference given to them The literacy rate in Jalipa Mine Block is shown in Table 27 below Table 27: Literacy rate in Jalipa Mine Block Villages Household Literate Population Literate Males Literate Females Lakhetali Jalipa Agor Adarsh Chooli Viram Nagar Chak Dholka Kapoordi Ishwer Pura Total Census of India Working Population The total working population of the study area is 5103 per cent of which the main working population constitutes of 2914 per cent of total working population The details of the total working population in the villages falling under Jalipa Mine block are given in Table 28 The total working males constitutes of 5208 per cent of the male population of the study area and female working population is 4988 per cent of the total female population Table 28: Working Population in Jalipa Mine Block Lakhetali

17 Jalipa Agor Adarsh Chooli Viram Nagar Chak Dholka Kapurdi Ishwer Pura Total Census of India

18 CHAPTER 3 PROJECTS IMPACTS 31 INTRODUCTION The project has many positive impacts on the district It has changed socio-economic and cultural scenario of the area Populace falling under the acquisition and its vicinity got tremendous awareness about investment, economic growth, gender equity, child rights, health issues and education awareness The possible direct and indirect positive impacts are listed below: Work opportunities: it had brought employment opportunities to the local communities especially for those who work as wage labourers, daily wagers etc People are travelling to distant places for work such as engage in construction, factories, business as well as domestic works Improved linkage: it has provided better links between villages, communities and urban areas and wider access to market facilities, health centres, education, etc Attract investment: it has encouraged urban entrepreneurs to invest in far and remote areas in commercial farming and industrial activities There are many new showrooms of luxury cars, high end cars, real estate business etc Improved access to services: it has helped in increasing the essential and emergency services such as schools, health centre, public distribution system etc The major adverse effect of the project is the emotional effect The affected person gets emotional in the name of their land and years old structures Populace admit that they are getting better quality of life but emotional attachment to the particular piece of land makes them nostalgic some time The land acquisition for the mine project is always large In Kapurdi the total mine lease area is ha and in Jalipa it is ha The private khatedari land was acquired through the Land Acquisition Act 1894 Apart from the land holders, other populace having hamlets or any residential structure there was paid Land, structures there on, common property, community resources and temples etc were surveyed and paid the compensation During the Land acquisition process, the people not having land but having structures/residential hamlets/common property were also paid with proper compensation The census, socio-economic survey and public consultations during implementation stage carried out by CEG team in the month of January, 2014 The land acquired for the mine lease area was divided into two blocks, namely Kapurdi and Jalipa These include 12 villages in both the blocks (Refer table 11) The lignite mining has begun in Kapurdi block In the Jalipa block mine developing and peripheral activities have been started The families are rehabilitating or migrating Many families were found to be away from the mining area The affected families are settling in the Barmer city, some have shifted 18

19 to Jodhpur, Pokran, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Sirohi etc(if possible figure to be quoted) Many families have purchased the land in some other tehsils of Barmer and shifted to that location Interestingly, some families shifted on the basis of caste/community only on the outskirts of the lease area Such newly shifted localities can easily be identified as New Pabdon ki Dhani, New Saran Nagar, New Viram Nagar, New Kapurdi and New Jatawass etc The total land acquired for Kapurdi project was Bighas Majority of which is private barren land The village wise extent of land acquisition in Kapurdi & Jalipa, each village has been shown in Table 31& 32 Table 31: No of affected khasras in Kapurdi NO of affected khasra and its area Village Pvt Govt Total Khasras Area (Bigha) Area (Bigha) Area (Bigha Sutharo ki Dhani Isharpura Prajapaton ki Dhani Kapurdi Rohili Bothiya Purithitaan Bothiya Jagir Total Source: Census Survey, CEGTable 32 No of affected khasras in Jalipa SNo Village Name Acquired khasra in Bhiga/bhiswa 1 Chakdholka Veramnagar Laheytali Khapurid Adrash chuli IShwarpura Jalipa Agohaor Total land Source: Census Survey, CEG During Public consultations and interviews the direct and indirect affected people admitted that acquisition changed their life positively and now there living conditions are much better The basic parameters of health, education, sanitation, cleanliness, pre and post natal care, gender equity and children concern are on increasing Loss of years old land and abandoned structures are giving nostalgic feelings to the land losers One more loss they feel is that acquisition decentralized them but on the other hand some of them feel that it would improve socialization It will help them to come out of their limitation of thoughts 311 IMPACT ON CROPS The main source of livelihood and income in the area was agriculture and other seasonal labour oriented employment Some of the families have small land holdings They have 19

20 shifted to their remaining land in the periphery or shifted to Barmer Farmers with the big land holdings purchased the land in the district and nearby districts and constructed the spacious houses in Barmer town itself Some land looser in Jalipa Lignite Block are yet to be shifted due to their standing crops More than 75% of the affected households were earning an annual income between Rs25, ,000 pa from their crops but now they have changed their life style and farming technics both On and average, no adverse effect of the acquisition can be seen in the crops quantum as the total area had been a draught affected area and not having any river or regular water source for the irrigation Some land looser also purchased some land in the adjoing area or district ( e g Jaisalmer) which were previously barren but having sweet ground water beneath The land looser arranged some deep boring and with the help of pumping; now cultivating the land in a more productive way which were barren or only dependent on rain water previously Thus the loss in the agriculture in their original land is now being compensated in a better way The cultivation of 2 or more crops during the year also help in reducing the land erosion due to wind comparative to the case of 1 crop/ year cultivation In project area only one family is involved in folk music, however, the musician is not affected by the project While talking, Mr Nage Khan, the head of the musician family told that after acquition their customers became rich and they are paying more for the performance They company pays monthly pension to one of the senior folk musician Folk culture business is doing well, the yearly income being affected due to loss of crops in both the mine area shown in table: 33 Table: 33 Yearly Loss of Income due to Loss of Crops in Kapurdi & Jalipa mines Income Affected (In Rs) Total percentage (% ) 0-20, ,000-25, ,000-50, ,000-1, ,00000-above 1240 Total Source: Census Survey, CEG 100 Majority of Project affected families lost their income source by losing their agriculture land, as they were totally dependent on their land Only weaker section which constitute to be only 62% of the total respondent has suffered due to the project However the compensation paid to them was Rs 15 lakh per bigha in Kapurdi and Rs 30 lakh per bigha in Jalipa will help in compensating their loss of earning Even keeping the money in Bank onlywill result in huge quantum of compensation in terms of high returns on the simple fixed deposits even Many people invested the money wisely in land and other commercial properties having the high rate of appreciation 32 IMPACT ON PAHS Due to the vast land acquisition there were many households which were affected and displaced In Kapurdi mine block 275 Prakaran and in Jalipa block 417 Prakaran were 20

21 awarded the compensation 321 Occupational Pattern Occupational pattern helps in identifying dominant economic activity in the area At present, in the affected families primary and tertiary occupation are followed Those who are settled in the nearby mine block areas still practice agriculture and the related activities There were many tertiary jobs both direct and indirect employment was created due to the mines and the power plant A shift towards the tertiary jobs was noticed The table 34 shows the Occupational pattern of the PAHs in the study area 322 Living Standards Table: 34 Occupation Patterns of PAHs Occupation Total % Agriculture & Livestock 3516 Agricultural Labourer 1338 Commercial / Business 148 Government / Private Service 178 Other Service Sectors 089 Non agriculture Labourer 4706 Total 100 Source: Census Survey, CEG The living standard shows light on the upliftment of families due to the increase in their income level It includes material assets such as increase in household amenities, increase in saving and the expenditure on the life style It was found that many of the affected families own four wheelers which they also use as taxis, living in permanent houses with amenities of assets like television, refrigerator, mobile phones, using internets, increase in property etc It was found that in the families sanitation facilities, cleanliness has increased As they mentioned that theu could afford propoer sanitation facilities, drainage and bear the construction cost The below given table 35 describes the assets which the affected families possess 323 Literacy Status Table: 35 Material Assets of PAHs Material Assets Total % Purchase of Vehicle 3876 Investment in property 2159 Construction of Permanent houses 2213 Increase in Household Amenities 6795 Increase in Electronic gadgets 8243 Source: Census Survey, CEG Education of the society reflects the increase in the standard of living it proves that the people are looking forward for better growth opportunities Table 36shows the 21

22 distribution of project affected persons with respect to their literacy status The illiteracy in the affected districts is more than 50 per cent Most of the PAPs are literate to the primary level Higher education is increasing at slow pace in the study area Though there are government and private schools in the study area School buses also ply in the villages Reasons found for low educational status are parental illiteracy, school dropouts, son preference over girl child etc Due to the increase in financial status, many of the land losers have sent their kids for the preparation of competitive exams at Jaipur and Jodhpur Many land owners are sending their children to residential hostels outside the district headquarters Most of the beneficiaries of the acquisition are now sending their kids to the Private Schools of Barmer instead of Government Schools Many opted for English medium convent school Mine Block Area Table 36: Literacy Status of PAPs Education Level Illiterate Primary Secondary Graduate Kapurdi Jalipa Source: Census Survey, CEG PG/ Technical Education 324 Family Types Family structure is the basic unit of a society which includes nuclear, joint and extended family types Joint families are considered better in terms of upliftment of the family and society as a whole However, there are communities which willingly divide themselves into nuclear families who live in nearby surrounding areas Such type of family trend was found in the study area Table 37 gives the distribution of affected households as per nuclear, joint and extended In the project stretch, it was found that nuclear families are more in the study area root being their poverty The average family size per household is around 4 to 6 persons Table: 37 Family Types of PAHs Mine Block Nuclear Joint Extended Kapurdi Jalipa Source: Census Survey, CEG 325 Women Development Women are considered the integral part of the society which abuts development within the family structure as well as in the society Women s participation at various levels helps in denoting their contribution It was found that in some of the clans women participation is welcomed Below given table 38 shows the women participation at the 22

23 household as well as at community level 326 Expenditure of PAHs Table: 38 Women Participation Mine Block Household Community Level Kapurdi Jalipa Source: Census Survey, CEG The upliftment in the family income has led to increase in expenditure of the PAHs structure This shows that the quality of life of the families has increased Below table 39 gives the list of expenditures PAH makes for better life It was witnessed that now PAPs are spending more on the construction of comfortable house and furnishing them Many houses of PAPs were having modular kitchen, Dish connections with LEDs, washing machines, air conditioners and refrigerators It was observed that social functions are considered to be important in the study area They often spend their savings for it Now, PAPs are enjoying social functions and cultural rituals Old conventional traditions have been revived by them and festivity return in a new funmode Expenditure on education is not yet given vital importance but people having awareness and vision have started the expenditure on education for making a better tomorrow by education Table 39 Expenditure of PAHs S No Items Expenditure in % 1 Food House Cooking Fuel Health Education Transport Communication Social Function Others SOURCE: CENSUS SURVEY, CEG 1698 BASIS OF DATA TO BE SPECIFIED 327 Changes in Earnings The land acquisition has helped in bringing drastic change in the economic activity of Barmer The per capita income is Rs 20,526 (at current prices as per 2011 census data of India) There are many who have become successful entrepreneurs, service providers other than the key occupations such as Animal Husbandry, agriculture, textile, handicraft etc 328 Increase in Alternative source of income Affected households whose land has been acquired, their income from agriculture fields 23

24 has been affected the most Many purchased another agriculture land and also invested the money in other business It includes real estate business, service facility providers, etc Many affected PAPs are employed with jobs In mine also many of them are working as labourers, contractors, drivers etc 329 Increase in Employment Opportunities The employment opportunities in the study area have dramatically changed From being cultivates, agriculturist or engaged in petty labourer jobs The companies has established entrepreneurs, increase in indirect employment opportunities such as contractors of labourers, construction material, electrical equipment, vehicles etc 3210 Gains through Indirect Employment opportunities These land acquisition helped in increasing the income source of people Earlier when they were engaged in farming or animal rearing mostly are now employed in jobs The city has witnessed influx of people for newer employment opportunities Hotels, restaurants, car showrooms, electronic shops etc have increased The sources of income for people have increased 3211 Community Development The households in the community have shifted to distant places Some of the clans or religious communities have shifted to the other side of the mine lease The clans, households living in community have maintained their culture But drastic change has been seen in the social and economic pattern of the people The dressing of the people and living style has changed, lavish spending on social functions has increased 3212 Educational Growth As many affected families are ready to send their children to private schools, residential, day boarding schools For competitive exams preparation or higher education the people of the study area are sending their children out the city 3213 Displacement Impact on Family type The affected households in the study area were living in single families As the son gets married he shifts into his own house nearby to his parents house Some families will be living in the same land holding but in different houses After the acquisition the scenario hasn t changed But among them few shifted to the main city, or nearby cities of Rajasthan like Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Pokeran etc 3214 Corporate Social Responsibility Vision CSR is already being envisaged by the company in the basic development fields such as education, health, community development etc The vision of CSR activities will be short term, mid term and long term The compensation has been distributed and most of the families have shifted in the communities to some nearby locations There the old 24

25 schools, PHCs or CHCs will be shifted In some places community halls been constructed Religious places will be shifted as well 3215 Changes in Gender Equality The study area has different communities In some of the communities women are allowed to participate in decision making process at household level, attend social functions in gatherings etc but few communities still hasn t permit women to come out the households They are not allowed to work in their own agriculture land However, women education is now being given importance as the admissions in schools have increased Financial independence will bring the change in the gender equality 3216 Modern Technique for Agriculture & Architecture The modern techniques for agriculture are being adopted by the agriculturist such as tractors, sowing machines etc The change in lifestyle can be seen in the architecture of the houses The newly constructed houses have all the facilities proper sanitation, parking facilities, gardens etc 3217 Addressing the Concerns Sanitation and cleanliness has improved with the help of architecture of newly constructed houses Female education in the study area has increased due to awareness The new hospitals in the region have helped in increasing the public health The health camps as part of CSR activities have been organized for the people of the study area which has benefitted them greatly 3218 Better Connectivity Due to land acquisition in the study area, the mode of transport has changed Earlier people of the study area use to walk in the villages or use cycles But now they have their own vehicles which have helped in better and faster connectivity Record sales of vehicles have been noted in the region 3219 Adult Literacy Rate In the study area the adult literacy rate is 4238 per cent The adult literacy rate of males is 7672 per cent and female is 2328 per cent with respect to the total literate population Females are not given preference of education Mostly they are primary level educated, no higher education is preferred Now with the development they are sending their girl child to school 3220 Annual Population Growth The annual population growth is 3252 per cent which can be migration, small families etc the 0-6 population is less than 20 per cent Single family system has been prevalent in the region 25

26 3221 Gross enrolment in Education The development of the study area has lead to increase in education status People of the region prefer to educate their child in English medium schools than government schools Around 9954 per cent the enrolment in schools has increased 3222 Years of Schooling Mostly the people of the study are literate till primary level which is not more than 5 to 6 years However, during the survey it was found that those who completed their higher education are continuing studies in ITI s etc It shows the positive impact of the development 3223 Graduates in Science and Engineering In the survey it was found that the youth is enthusiastic to educate themselves from diplomas and degrees in Civil Engineering It shows that they are willing to get a white collar job The graduates in science and engineering constitute to be 240 per cent which is low But it is expected that the graduates in science and engineering will increase There are many new colleges which have been opened in and around the region 3224 Health Index During the survey it was found that no major disease has been prevailing in the region It is an extremely dry and sunny region Most of the health problems are due to heat stroke, scarcity of water, dust allergies etc 3225 Labour Participation The affected families work as agriculture and non agriculture laborers in the region Many of the affected persons due to land acquisition have got laborer jobs in the mine site The laborer participation ratio is between the labor force and the overall size of their cohort (national population of the same age range) The labour participation ratio is 4813 per cent with respect to the survey 3226 Life Expectancy at Birth Life expectancy is one of the important indicators in health and demographic analysis In Rajasthan the life expectancy is 685 as per 2011 HDI Index which is near to the India s life expectancy 689 as per 2011 HDI reported United Nation Development Program (UNDP) 3227 Secondary Education The secondary education covers students between years of age The enrollment in the secondary classes has increased to a small percent of 1489% In the survey it was found that affected families are enrolling their children to English Medium Schools for higher education they are keen to give higher education to their girl child Findings 26

27 from the Impacts & Observations Livelihood has improved Standard of Living has been upgraded Savings in terms of property investment purchase of assets etc has increased Increase in expenditure for enhancing lifestyle Increase in Material Assets due to increase in financial status Technology has entered in their life rapidly such as using of electronic goods, mobility by vehicles etc One of the bigeest lifestyle change is use of latest technology Livestock has been reduced due to urbanisation Though many of the affected PAPs has purchased the land in the nearby rural area Such families still have livestock and they also rear them Higher education needs to be increased Increase in employment opportunities especially for the educated youth Female participation in social functions needs to be increased Interesting fact came in the knowledge that many of the PAPs purchased the land in the name of their wives to save the stamp duty It is happening in the first time of the area that women are having the title of land Earlier woman could own the property in her name only when she looses her husband This, the sense of being property owner is giving a sense of pride In the new found villages the public and basic amenities should be increased 27

28 CHAPTER 4 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS 41 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATIONS The main objective of the consultation process is to inform the PAPs about the anticipated benefits, impacts of changing scenario and mitigation measures in consultation with PAPs It is the starting point to address resettlement issues concerning land acquisition and resettlement People affected by resettlement have now started accepting their changed status and also feeling that they have got the proper and adequate compensation so that there is no ambiguity regarding their future Earlier, before the acquisition they were apprehensive that they will lose their livelihoods and communities Involving in planning and managing resettlement process gives PAP s an opportunity to participate in key decisions that affect their lives The initial step for consultation and participation is to identify the primary and secondary stakeholders and sharing information with the affected PAPs It was the part of our consultation in Jalipa area that we had discussed the content of award with the PAPs The Rs 3 lac per bigha compensation of Jalipa was having five components; Land(Rs70,000/-), Soletium(Rs21,000/-), Interest(Rs16,800/-), Trees(Rs10,000/-) and R&R(Rs 1,82,200/-) It was a great matter of pleasure for the PAPs that they got the per bigha R&R of Rs 1,82,200/- It was a satisfactory amount and 40% more than the payment towards land, solatium, interest and tress Public information and consultation was carried out during the survey stage in the form of public meeting, focus group discussion, in-depth interviews and individual consultations This helped to Promote public awareness and improve understanding of the potential impacts of proposed project; Identify mitigation measures; Solicit the views of affected communities / individuals on social problems; Improve social soundness; Identify contentious local issues which might jeopardize the implementation of the project; Types of consultations done with various participants using different tools including, 28

29 interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultations, etc Different techniques of consultation with stakeholders were used during project preparation, viz, in-depth interviews, public meetings, group discussions, Individual consultations etc to understand the socio-economic profile of the community and the affected families, structured questionnaires were used and information was collected from the individuals on one-to-one basis The consultations have also been carried out on special emphasis on the vulnerable groups 29

30 Figure 41: Photographs showing Public Consultation with villagers and Displaced Persons 30

31 Key findings, common issues and concern that emerged out during local level consultations on existing villages: SNo Village /Displaced persons Name Kapuridi- 1 Issues Raised (i) Acquisition in general and compensation towards structures was insufficient 2 Negative impact on existing business 3 Employment for atleast one person from every family 4 Saran Nagaer- 5 Hamirsingh Ki Dhani They shifted from Kapuidi Village They say that there is no medical facility close them Safety issues and benefits from the project to the Stakeholders 31 Response Given (ii) Land was acquired for public purpose to use the national resource coal for power generation Further, almost all the Khatedars had enterred into the agreement and accepted the compensation So far as the compansation of structures is concerned all the survey was done by the agency on the given rate of PWD Engineers to the Land Acquisition Officer The compensation given was high and capable to change the life New money always comes with new culture and new opportunity It was not the part of Award but employment may be given as per skill, qualification and experience Company is organizing medical camp with free medicines Safety is the primary concern for the people affecetd PAHs Mitigation measures (iii) Grievance Redressal Mechanism to be strengthen Awareness about the new techniques will be provided to increase the new business opportunities etc In CSR provisions for IGP, on-job trainings etc to be given IGP, on-job trainings etc will be given PAFs should approach the company for conducting the medical camps Safety considerations are provided

32 SNo Village /Displaced persons Name 6 Kesersingh ki dhani 7 Bothiya Jhaghar Issues Raised (i) Payment made towards the structures was not satisfacorty Majority of participants asked for provision of Hr Secondary Schools and Hospital 8 Bothiya- Rate of compensation for lost asset 9 Lakhey Tali- Less compensation Employment for atleast one person from every family as per previous promises 10 Jalipa Agor- Employment to be given 11 Lakhey Tali- Need employment, drinking water facility and Health Provisions Response Given (ii) financial status has increased and many community and social developments have been noted Survey team kept in mind the safety issue on priority Matter is pending with the court concerned Basic amenities will be provided Payment of compensation as per the prevailing rates Employment will be provided as per skill, qualification and experience Employment will be provided as per skill, qualification and experience Employment will be provided as per skill, qualification and experience Water and health issue will be raised with the appropriate authorities Mitigation measures (iii) Company should organize camps for their redressal The schools will be shifted As part of CSR, selected schools are given donations as well IGP, on-job trainings etc will be given IGP, on-job trainings etc will be given IGP, on-job trainings etc will be given 42 MAJOR FINDINGS Major findings are presented below: Many of the People were satisfied with the increase/improvement in the standard 32

33 of living People were convinced about the importance of the enhanced economic opportunities that the project has brought Small business enterprise (SBE) is preferred option for the re-settlers Though, they perceived low business growth at new locations Most people have resettled to the places near to their previous place of business and residence and preferred self-resettlement People requested for facilities and amenities like schools, hospitals, community centres etc Expressed keenness on creation of new employment opportunities In terms of positive impacts community perceives that the project will help to promote more and new business opportunities, better service facilities, and better conveyance and promote local employment opportunities They consider that land rates will be increased Apprehensions raised by the community were increase in noise & pollution, agriculture loss and impacts on livelihood 33

34 CHAPTER 5 RECOMMENDATIONS 51 RECOMMENDATIONS Barmer have had development in leaps and bound Very bleak gap was found in the desired impacts and the actual impacts PAFs were happy with the quality of CSR activities run by the company, however expect to increase in quantum Social Audits helps in identifying the same The keen aspect is to address the limited impacts of development It also reflects the level of awareness The study area covered the two blocks Kapurdi and Jalipa and includes 12 villages Major impact is of land acquisition Recommendations are suggested in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 52 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a part of business model which has built-in mechanism to monitor and comply programs, compliances with ethical standards The programs are planned as need based where the focus is for future growth of the study area Here, growth is not for person to person but region based The immediate beneficiaries are for the directly affected persons, families or households These activities help in curbing the adverse negative impacts faced during resettlement Children, women, education, health and employment are the basic focal points for CSR The challenges faced during the implementation of CSR are marginalization, local power differences, language or cultural barriers Risk assessment and its management is an integral part of CSR activities design and its implementation As it plays a vital role in building loyalty on ethical values in the affected region A CSR plan should be designed to effectively imply the goals and objectives of the organization Activities to be carried out and budget plays an important role in it Short term, medium term and long term CSR plans can be designed Short term will help in curbing the immediate adverse impacts, while medium and long term plan will carve a better future for locals 53 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ACTIVITIES ENVISAGED BMCL has always been committed towards its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Since, its inception the company has been committed for its social responsibility towards the community 34

35 Table 51: CSR activities carried out during SNo Area Activity Amount INR Remarks 1 Health 1)Free Medical 33,774/- Camps work done 2)Eye camp at 1,00,000/- nearby village do 3)Ambulance for 13,85,652/- surrounding villages do 4)Contribution to 6 Health centers as per directives of District 14,00,000/- Collector do 1)School bus to 4,55,235/- blind school do 2)Contribution to 30 2 Education schools as per directives of 30,00,000/- District Collector do 3)Scholarship to 9,000/- Handicapped student do 1)Rain water Collection structure for Four 5,00,000/- 3 Environment schools do 2)Solar Power 10,00,000/- system to SURE Barmer do 1)Initiatives with 4 RUDA (Rural Non-farming Woman Development Agency) for Empowerme 1,65,00,000/- skill development and nt livelihood of local woman work under artisans progress 1)Donation to Gopal 50,000/- 5 Misc Expenses Gaushala 2)Chairs for Patwar Prashikshan Kendra 3)Bhojansala construction for blind school 16,950/- 40,00,000/- Total 2,84,50,611/- work done work done teder done work order to done Table 52: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Envisaged S Activities Conducted No 1 Donation to schools Photographs 35

36 2 30 Schools are adopted 3 6 PHC/CHC are adopted 4 Organizing medical camps 5 Women and children camps on medical, health and sanitation etc 6 Folk musicians are promoted 7 Ambulance Donation 8 Medical Camps 9 Blanket Disturbution 10 Eye Camp Cheque There are many other activities which have been conducted by the company as part of 36