Bringing Vitality to Main Street How Immigrant Small Businesses Help Local Economies Grow

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Joella Haynes
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1 Bringing Vitality to Main Street How Immigrant Small Businesses Help Local Economies Grow A report of the Fiscal Policy Institute and Americas Society/Council of the Americas

2 Cities with Declining Population 1960 to 1980 (29 of the 50 Largest Cities saw a mid-20 th Century population decline) St. Louis -40% Newark -19% Seattle -11% Cleveland -34% Buffalo -33% Pittsburgh -30% Detroit -28% Rochester -24% Louisville -24% Cincinnati -23% Minneapolis -23% Boston -19% Birmingham -17% Washington, DC -16% Baltimore -16% Philadelphia -16% Chicago -15% Milwaukee -14% St. Paul -14% Atlanta -13% Norfolk -13% New Orleans -11% New York City -9% San Francisco -8% Oakland -8% Kansas City -6% Portland, OR -2% Tampa -1% Denver -0.3% Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data.

3 Of the 29 Declining Cities, 14 Rebounded with an Increase in Population 1980 to 2013 Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data.

4 Here are the Cities that Rebounded with an Increase in the Immigrant Population Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data.

5 Here are the Cities that Rebounded with an Increase in the Immigrant Population Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data. 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , ,000 Immigrants U.S.-Born 200, ,000

6 Here are the Cities that Rebounded Without an Increase in Immigrant Population Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data.

7 Here are the Cities that Rebounded Without an Increase in Immigrant Population There are none

8 Here are the Cities that Rebounded Without an Increase in Immigrant Population Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data. There are none The only cities that rebounded from mid-20 th century population loss did so with a net increase in immigrant population.

9 Here are the Cities that Rebounded Without an Increase in Immigrant Population Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data. There are none The only cities that rebounded from mid-20 th century population loss did so with a net increase in immigrant population. This doesn t prove that immigrants cause growth. It may also be that immigrants are drawn to growth. But it your city s plan is to grow without immigrants, it is useful to keep in mind that there are no examples of that among major cities in the United States over the past four decades.

Census and ACS data. 2.50 Foreign-born U.S.-born 2.

10 Population Rebound in Philadelphia Millions Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data Foreign-born U.S.-born

11 Thousands Source: Fiscal Policy Institute analysis of Census and ACS data. Lack of Rebound in Buffalo

12 In the United States Immigrant Share of 28% 16% 18% 13% Population Labor Force Business Owners Main Street Business Owners

13 In the United States Immigrant Share of 28% 16% 18% 13% Population Labor Force Business Owners Main Street Business Owners

14 In the United States Immigrant Share of 28% 16% 18% 13% Population Labor Force Business Owners Main Street Business Owners

15 In the United States Immigrant Share of 28% 16% 18% 13% Population Labor Force Business Owners Main Street Business Owners

16 In the United States Immigrant Share of 28% 16% 18% 13% Population Labor Force Business Owners Main Street Business Owners

17 grocery stores Main Street businesses

18 Main Street businesses grocery stores restaurants

19 Main Street businesses grocery stores restaurants retail shops

20 Main Street businesses grocery stores restaurants Beauty salons retail shops

21 Main Street businesses grocery stores restaurants Dry cleaners retail shops Beauty salons

22 Main Street businesses grocery stores restaurants Dry cleaners retail shops Beauty salons Retail, Accommodations and Food Services, Neighborhood Services (part of other services )

23 New York Chicago Dallas/Fort Worth Houston Washington Boston Phoenix Detroit Tampa Baltimore Pittsburgh Portland San Antonio Cincinnati Cleveland San Jose Columbus Indianapolis Virginia Beach Nashville Providence Milwaukee Jacksonville Memphis Louisville/Jefferson County Oklahoma City Richmond Hartford New Orleans Birmingham Buffalo In 31 of the 50 largest metro areas, all net growth in the number of Main Street business owners was due to immigrants 6,000 4,000 Change in number of business owners 2000 to 2013 Immigrant U.S.-born 2, ,000-4,000-6,000

Immigrant Economic Contributions to the United States

Immigrant Economic Contributions to the United States David Dyssegaard Kallick Director of Immigration Research Fiscal Policy Institute ddkallick@fiscalpolicy.org Millions Immigration 1850 to Today 350