By 1970 immigrants from the Americas, Africa, and Asia far outnumbered those from Europe. CANADIAN UNITED STATES CUBAN MEXICAN

Transcription

1 In Search of the American Dream After World War II, millions of immigrants and citizens sought better lives in the United States. More and more immigrants came from Latin America and Asia. Between 940 and 970, more than 5 million blacks left the South to escape racial discrimination and to seek opportunity elsewhere. The contrast between the fight for freedom during World War II and the lack of freedom at home helped launch the civil rights movement. Northern & Western Europe Southern & Eastern Europe North America South America Africa Asia All other 265, ,87 373,326 A Immigrant Origins By 970 immigrants from the Americas, Africa, and Asia far outnumbered those from Europe. Immigrants (thousands) Canadian Cuban , C Cuban and Canadian Immigrants Cuban refugees surged to the United States in 959, gaining immigrant status in 968. In contrast, steady numbers of Canadians moved to the United States until 965, when immigration laws changed. ARCTIC CANADIAN UNITED STATES BRITISH GERMAN ITALIAN GREEK PACIFIC MEXICAN CUBAN INDIAN Australian Change in U.S. law ends limits on immigration from non-european countries. N ATLANTIC Immigrants INDIAN 98 D 946 Peak of Australian immigration follows World War II. SOUTHERN Most immigrants during were Europeans escaping devastation and political unrest left by World War II. Most later immigrants fled poverty and oppression in Mexico and the Caribbean. Largest Groups Movement CUBAN Ethnicity Other Groups Movement Australian Ethnicity

2 United States After World War II 945 to Early 970s ERA 9 CA OR WA Oakland San Francisco Black residents (thousands) NV Los Angeles 940 ID AZ UT Detroit Los Angeles Newark Oakland 950 MT WY NM CO ND SD NE TX KS OK MN Military manufacturing spurs migration to the West and North during World War II Dallas Houston IA MO AR LA WI Milwaukee St. Louis Chicago IL MS IN MI Detroit Gary AL OH WV PA KY VA TN The Great Migration ends as civil rights and job opportunities improve in the South. F Black Migration Between 940 and 970 the Great Migration transformed many cities. Fast-growing black populations had changed other cities between 95 and 930 (see page 79). GA Cleveland NC SC Buffalo Baltimore FL NY Newark VT NH NJ MA CT DE MD ME Boston RI New York City Philadelphia Washington, D.C. E The migration of Southern blacks to the North and the West resumed with the start of World War II. Compare this map with map B on page 78. The Great Migration Annual Change in African American Population Gain of more than 30,000 Gain of 0,000 30,000 Gain of 2,000 0,000 Loss of 2,000 0,000 Loss of 0,000 30,000 Loss of more than 30,000 Main flow of migration Major migration destination Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. R E V. D R. M A RT I N L U T H E R K I N G J R., L E T T E R F R O M A B I R M I N G H A M J A I L, Alaska Hawaii 954 In Brown v. Board of Education, Supreme Court rules that school segregation is unconstitutional Fair Housing Act bans racial discrimination in housing. G Civil rights activists of all colors used lawsuits and non-violent action to end legal discrimination based on race. Several met with violence, even death, including movement leader Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. more at USHAtlas.com Votes of U.S. Senators on Civil Rights Act of 964 In favor Split vote Opposed Civil Rights Movement Congress passes Civil Rights Act, banning racial discrimination in jobs and public accomodations. Passage of 24th Amendment ends poll taxes. Anti-movement bombings, killings School desegregation conflict Movement activity (marches, boycotts, sit-ins, voter registration campaigns, etc.) First Freedom Ride, Little Rock 954 Topeka 968 Memphis 962 Oxford 964 Philadelphia 960 New Orleans Washington, D.C Selma Nashville Birmingham 965 Voting Rights Act assures equal access to the polls. 96 Anniston 960 Greensboro 96 Rock Hill , 965 Montgomery 99

3

4

5