The Americas and the World 2008

Transcription

1 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA ECONÓMICAS INTERTIOL STUDIES DEPARTMENT PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ PUBLIC OPINION INSTITUTE UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE INTERTIOL STUDIES INSTITUTE PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA POLITICAL SCIENCE INSTITUTE UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES POLITICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT The Americas and the World 2008 Foreign policy in Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, December 2008 Result tables for the first biennial Latin American Survey on foreign policy and foreign relations. 1

2 Index Methodology Note Colombia Methodology Note Chile Methodology Note Mexico Methodology Note Peru Question subject Page number Follow news 15 Travel outside of Mexico 16 Relatives living abroad 16 Close relatives living abroad 16 Receive remittances 17 World better or worse 17 Threats to vital interests National Identity 23 National Pride 23 Self Identity: Latin American or North American 23 Foreign customs and ideas coming in 24 The rights of nationalized foreigners Rights of people holding dual nationality 25 Acronyms: OAS, UN, S.R.E., FIFA General knowledge Active part in world affairs 27 Foreign policy goals 28 Actions regarding human rights violations 33 COUNTRY Importance in the World Present Administration Performance Embassies in Africa 35 United Nations peacekeeping 36 Confidence in maintaining peace 36 COUNTRY UN joint decisions making 37 Primacy of International treaties over national legislation 37 Globalization 38 Foreign investment benefits COUNTRY Free Trade- Good or Bad? 39 Import barrier reductions 40 When UNSC can authorize the use of force 40 International Court of Justice/International Criminal Court 41 Latin America- Better or worse 41 A seat at the UNSC for Latin America 42 Role of COUNTRY in Latin America 42 Latin American democratic government removed 43 Work Permits Most influential Latin American Country Probability of armed conflict 45 Conflict Resolution in the region 45 Greater Latin American economic integration 46 Most conflictive country in the region 46 COUNTRY relations with Latin America 47 Political Leaders Feelings towards the United States

3 Joint decisions: COUNTRY and the United States 53 Financial Aid from the United States 53 Extradition between COUNTRY and the United States 53 Mexico: North American or Latin American 53 Respondent in the COUNTRY-U.S. Relations 54 Attention to other World Regions 54 Country thermometer International Organizations thermometer The effect of China s economic growth 64 COUNTRY relations with other countries Gender 68 Age 68 Schooling 68 Political affiliation 69 Financial situation (last year) 69 Financial situation (next year) 70 Number of light bulbs 70 Monthly family income 70 Income capacity 70 Telephone service 71 Internet Use 71 Mexico Questionnaire 72 Colombia Questionnaire 80 Peru Questionnaire 87 Chile Questionnaire 94 Acronyms 109 3

4 Methodological Notes Colombia SUMMARY TABLE Target population Colombian citizens over 18 years old residing anywhere within the national boundaries. Size of sample 1500 people Data Collection technique Face-to-face personal interviews in private homes. Margin of error +/-3.0 for data referring to the entire sample. Date of survey October 6th to October 29th, 2008 Field work was carried out between the sixth and the 29th of October, In order to collect the data, work groups were organized in the cities of Bogota, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena and Pasto, from where survey-takers travelled to reach every location in the sample. A personalized collection system was used, with in-house interviews as well as follow-up interviews over the telephone by supervisors to 20% of the homes sampled. The sampling framework used was the DANE map for each of the selected departments. The sampling was stratified and multi-tiered where, in stage one, municipalities from different areas of the country were identified; in stage two blocks, proportional to social strata and rural corrections, were selected, and in the final stage homes were selected randomly from within these segments. A total of 1500 households were interviewed, calculated to a level of confidence of 95% for estimates and an expected margin of error of +/- 3%. This sample size is representative at the regional and department level, but not at the municipal level. Table 1 shows the number of surveys applied in each of the municipalities visited. Tabla 1. Tamaño de muestra por cuenca Department Atlántico Municipality Barranquilla 30 Soledad 10 Sabanagrande 10 Baranoa 10 Urban surveys Puerto Colombia 10 Cartagena 20 Bolívar Villanueva 10 Turbaco 10 Arjona Santamarta 10 Magdalena Ciénaga 10 Pueblo viejo Cesar Valledupar Rural surveys 4

5 Department Municipality Urban surveys San Diego 10 Guajira Dibuya Montería 10 Córdoba San Pelayo Cerete Sincelejo 10 Sucre Cauca Valle Sanpues Popayán Santander Quilichao Cali Yumbo 20 Jamundi 20 Dagua La Cumbre 20 Pasto 20 Nariño Chachagui La Florida Putumayo Mocoa 10 Medellín 60 Bello Envigado Antioquia Itagui 20 Sabaneta Copacabana 20 San Pedro Choco El Carmen 10 Bucaramanga 10 Santander Lebrija 20 Giron Florida blanca Cúcuta 10 Norte de Santander El Zulia San Cayetano 10 Bogotá 270 Faca 10 Cundinamarca Madrid 10 Zipacon Cajica Boyacá Sopo Tunja Combita Yopal 20 Casanare Aguazul 10 Meta Villavicencio 10 Rural surveys 5

6 Department Municipality Urban surveys Rural surveys Huila Tolima Caldas Risaralda Quindío Acacias 10 Neiva 10 Rivera Ibagué 10 Robira Cajamarca 10 Manizales 10 Villa María 10 Neira Pereira 10 Dosquebradas Santa Rosa de cabal 10 Armenia 10 Calarca 10 total

7 CHILE SUMMARY TABLE: CHILE Target population Chilean citizens 18 years or older residing in urban or rural private homes. Size of Sample 1574 people Data Collection Technique Personal Face-to-face interviews in private homes. Margin of Error +/- 2.9 for data referring to the whole sample Date of survey From November 3rd to December 3rd, 2008 SAMPLE DESIGN Universal: Population over 18 living in private households, urban and rural. 319 communes (n=342) 98,3% total population according to census figures. Sample of 1574 people (Mahalanobis-Deming Probabilistic.) No replacements and an estimate of 375 per region Northern Macro-Region: Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4 (n403) Central Macro-Region: Regions 5, 6 and 7 (n383) Southern Macro-Region: Regions 8, 9 and 10 (n393) Metropolitan Macro-Region: Metropolitan Region (n395) Maximum error by region: 5,5 Maximum sampling error: +/-2.9 % (95% confidence level). Table with sampling error margins at a national confidence level of 95% To minimize errors: Estimated percentage by Sample Error Margin the sample (point estimates) 5% ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± % ± 1.3 (a) Structured questionnaires were used and previously tested in approximately 50 interviews, 30 in urban areas and 20 in rural areas, prior to commencing definitive field work in order to avoid structural errors in their design or wording. (b) Interviews were personal and took place at the subject s own home. Interviews were conducted by teams of trained survey takers (especially re-trained for this survey) 7

8 (c) Up to 4 attempts were made to complete each interview the initial attempt and up to 3 follow-up visits if needed until the selected person for a particular household was located. (d) After 4 failed attempts at an occupied household, it was marked as not taken. (e) In order to maintain the probabilistic nature of the sample these cases were not replaced. Rather, additional sub-samples, held as a reserve, were used to obtain the desired sample size for each Macro-region. (f) Randomly selected unoccupied homes were not replaced for the reasons outlined above. (g) Up to 30% of each survey taker s work received oversight in the form of follow-up visits. (h) 100% of questionnaires were submitted to manual editing to verify the internal coherence of the answers and, in case of doubt, the appropriate measures were taken. Logistic Notes Survey taker s training and instruction: Metropolitan Macro Region: October 30th 2008 Northern Macro Region: October 31 st, 2008 Central Macro Region: November 2 nd, 2008 Southern Macro Region: November 3 rd, 2008 Fieldwork: November 3 rd to December 3 rd, 2008 Data coding and input: November 22 nd to December 4 th, 2008 Data input validation: December 4 th to December 6 th, Processing and inflactor introduction: December 6th to December 8th,

9 MEXICO TECHNICAL SHEET Target Population Mexicans, 18 or older, residing in any state within the national territory Sample Size 2400 people Data Collection Technique Personal Face-to-face interviews in private homes Sample Error +/-2.0 for data referring to the entire sample Date of Survey August 13th to August 31st, 2008 A representative sample of the national population (18 or older and residing anywhere within the country) of 2400 interviewees was used. The size of the sample allowed us to analyze the results at both national and regional levels. Thus, the stratification of results by region was as follows: 1. Northern region: Baja California, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Sonora and Tamaulipas. 2. Southern region: Campeche, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatán. 3. Central region: Aguascalientes, Baja California South, Colima, Distrito Federal (Mexico City), Durango, Estado de Mexico (State of Mexico), Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis PotoYes, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas. The size of the sample and the errors are distributed as follows: Domain Sample size Theoretical margin of error North 730 +/- 3.7 South 480 +/- 4.5 Center /- 2.9 National (entire sample) /- 2.0 The electoral sections of the country as given by the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) were considered as the reference sample structure and the updated data from the last federal election (2006) were incorporated. The electoral sections were used as the Primary Sampling Units (PSU) for the multiphase sampling model. At a first selection stage, the PSU were arranged by regions and states in terms of the number of voters registered in each one, to later generate a commencement seed at random to generate the first conglomerate of PSU. A systematic criterion was then applied to generate the other conglomerates until all the commencement points necessary to complete the sample were obtained. Ten interviews were made in each PSU selected. In the second phase of the sampling, 2 blocks (manzanas) of each electoral section were chosen; these blocks were used as Secondary Sampling Units (SSU). The number of interviews carried out in each SSU varied, depending on geographic conditions and urban distribution. The rural percentage in the sample was 27.8, that is 64 commencement points (640 interviews.) SSU s were selected systematically in terms of household densities in each block of the neighborhoods and communities where the interviews were held. In order to reflect the variety of views within a single interview area special care was taken to ensure the SSM s were far enough apart within their PSU s. The third stage of sampling involved 9

10 the selection of households, or Tertiary Sampling Units (TSM), each of which was selected following a systematic method, in function with the household density in every SSU (block). In each TSU one single person who fulfilled the sampling requirements (of legal age and living in that household) was interviewed. The subjects were randomly selected and adjusted to quotas, using as a benchmark the population distribution figures by age and gender taken from the INEGI s II Population and Household Census in Interviews took place from August 14th to September 6th, All interviews were held face-to-face in the homes selected during the sampling process. Only one interview per household was conducted. The average duration of each interview was 30 minutes. The interview process involved the participation of 38 survey takers, 10 fieldwork supervisors, 6 data coders, 8 data capture technicians, 2 analysts and one project manager. Coding, capturing and processing of the data took place between September 1st and September 30th, Estimates taken from the data base are weighted by age and gender, using as a benchmark the results of the INEGI 2005 count. National level results are weighted according to the population weight of each regional strata. 10

11 PERU SUMMARY TABLE Target population Peruvian citizens of 18 years or older of all levels of income, residing in the country s major cities Size of sample 1235 people Data Collection technique Face-to-face personal interviews in private homes. Margin of error +/-2.77 for data referring to the entire sample Date of survey September 5th through 8, GENERAL SURVEY INFORMATION 1.1. Type of investigation: Quantitative study Opinion Poll 1.2. Technique of study: Direct personal interviews in selected households 1.3. Description: Elaboration of a National Opinion Survey on Peru s relations with other countries. 2. SAMPLE DESIGN 2.1. Field of Study: Men and Women over 18 years of age of all levels of income residing in the country s major cities Geography: 74 districts in 15 urban provinces belonging to 14 regions of the country. (See table below) Departament Province Districts Lima Lima Cercado de Lima, Ate, Barranco, Breña, Carabayllo, Chorrillos, Comas, El Agustino, Independencia, Jesús María, La Molina, La Victoria, Lince, Los Olivos, Magdalena del Mar, Miraflores, Puente Piedra, Rímac, San Borja, San Luis, San Juan de Lurigancho, San Juan de Miraflores, San Martín de Porres, San Miguel, Santa Anita, Santiago de Surco, Surquillo, Villa El Salvador, Villa María del Triunfo Callao Callao Callao, Bellavista, Carmen de la Legua, La Perla, Ventanilla Ancash Santa Chimbote, Nuevo Chimbote Arequipa Arequipa Arequipa, Alto Selva Alegre, Cayma, Cerro Colorado, Jacobo Hunter, Mariano Melgar, Miraflores, Paucarpata, Socabaya, Yanahuara, José Luis Bustamante y Rivero Cusco Cusco Cusco, San Sebastián, Santiago, Wanchaq Ica Ica Ica, Parcota Huanuco Huánuco Huánuco, Amarilis Junín Huancayo Huancayo, Chilca, El Tambo La Libertad Trujillo Trujillo, El Porvenir, La Esperanza, Víctor Larco Herrera Lambayeque Chiclayo Chiclayo, José Leonardo Ortiz, La Victoria Loreto Maynas Iquitos, Punchana, Belén, San Juan Bautista Piura Piura Piura, Castilla Puno Puno Puno San Román Juliaca San Martín San Martín Tarapoto 11

12 The provinces the interviews were held in gather together 49, 41% of Peru s total population Date of Survey: Between September 5th and September 8th, Sampling Framework:: In Metropolitan Lima and Callao blocks were selected using the 2004 INEI digital map for Metropolitan Lima s 31 districts and Callao s 6. Those districts which didn t form part of the sampling Framework in Lima were: Chaclacayo, Lurigancho, Cieneguilla and the resort districts located north and south of the city. The 2005 INEI census map was used for fieldwork in provincial cities Size of Sample: people interviewed with a margin of error: ±2,77% and a confidence level of 95%, assuming a 50%-50% rate of heterogeneity, under the assumption of simple random sampling Sampling procedure:: Sampling was probabilistic, multi-tiered and by conglomerates. In the first stage a computer-generated selection of sample blocks was made; in the second stage a selection of households was chosen through systematic sampling. In Metropolitan Lima and Callao, 8 surveys were taken per selected Primary Sampling Unit. In other cities within the country 5 surveys were taken per Sampling Unit. A systematic sampling of households was undertaken for every block following the procedures outlined below: The systematic or constant jump, obtained by dividing the total number of households in each block by the 8/5 surveys to be taken was calculated using a computer. This number determines the interval between selected homes in each block. A computer was used to calculate the Starting Household, a random number between 1 and the constant number. This number determines the first household within each block to be surveyed. To cover each block, the Survey taker stood in any corner of the selected block and began their rounds moving in a clockwise direction. In case of absence or rejection, selected households were replaced with the adjacent household. Likewise, if not enough surveys were lifted within a single block the survey taker moved on to the adjacent block, located within the same sampling area Work with quotas: Selection of interviewees was made through age and gender quotas, determined by the demographic distribution of the population. In Lima, a quota table was used to determine the distribution of the 8 initial surveys: 4 men and 4 women, 3 people between 18 and 29 years old, 3 people between 30 and 44 and 2 people 45 or older. In other major cities, quotas were randomly allocated by computer for each primary sampling unit. 12

13 2.8. Weighting Results were weighed as a function of the population for each city in the country, as given by the 2005 census results provided by the INEI. For Metropolitan Lima and Callao, the weighting also incorporated the weight of each zone in the city (see next table) 3. FIELD WORK AND OVERSIGHT 3.1. On-desk supervision: 100% of surveys were revised by hand to ensure each questionnaire was filled in properly. In this stage it became possible to identify and correct mistakes, as well as to recover misplaced data FIELD SUPERVISION As well as an on-desk revision, a field supervision process was also undertaken. This implied follow-up interviews with previously surveyed people to verify that the data gathered was authentic and truthful. To do this a field oversight card was designed to help the supervisor verify the interview subject s general information, (name, age, profession, etc.) the location/address where the interview was conducted, its duration and that the correct selection methodology was followed This oversight procedure took the form of follow-up visits in the days following the lifting of the survey to at least 30% of polls taken and in at least one area, randomly selected for each one of the interviewers Survey takers: Previously selected and trained students from various faculties at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru took part as survey takers in Lima and Callao. Surveys elsewhere in the country were lifted with support from local survey takers with whom the IOP-PUCP has worked in previous occasions. 4. DATA PROCESSING 4.1. Digital input Data from the surveys was entered into a specially programmed data base, with validity checks and alert messages in case of discrepancies. To insure the quality of the data a double input process was followed, which allowed us to evaluate the input procedure and correct any possible mistakes. 13

14 Results Interest (1) When you follow the news, how interested are you in news about? (p1_101_1b) Follow news COUNTRY relations with other countries. Very Somewhat Little Not interested Don t follow the news (Spontaneous) 2008 Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NPERÚ=1235/ NCOL=1500/NCHI=1574) (p1_101_1a) Follow news: Finance and economics Very Somewhat Little Not interested Don t follow the news (Spontaneous) 2008 Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (p1_101_1c) Follow: Social and political conditions in COUNTRY Very Somewhat Little Not interested Don t follow the news (spontaneous) 2008 Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru

15 Contact (2) ) Could you tell me how many times you have traveled outside COUNTRY, approximately? (p2_202_2) Travel abroad Colombia Chile Mexico Peru 100 (NMEX=2395/ NPERU=1235/ NCOL=1500) (3) Do you have any relatives living outside Mexico? (p2_203_3) Relatives living abroad Yes No Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (4) Do you have relatives that used to live in this household and now live outside COUNTRY? (p2_203_4) Close relatives living abroad Yes No Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

16 (5) Do you or your family receive money from relatives working abroad? (p2_204_5) Recieves remittances Yes No Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru Trust and Security (6_1) In general, do you believe that the world is better or worse than 10 years ago? (p3_301_1a) World better or worse Better Worse The same Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NPERU=1235/ NCOL=1500) (6_2) In general, do you believe that the world will be better or worse in 10 years? (p3_301_1b) World will be better or worse Better Worse The same Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

17 (7_1) (7_12 I am going to read a list of items that may or may not affect COUNTRY s most primary interests over the next 10 years. Say yes for each one you see as a major threat, a significant but not serious threat or a threat of little importance for COUNTRY: (p3_302_2a) Threats: The development of China as a world power Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2b) Threats: International terrorism Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2c) Threats: World economic crises Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (p3_302_2d) Threats: Violent conflicts due to religious or ethnic differences. Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru

18 (p3_302_2e) Threats: The hardening of U.S. immigration policy Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (p3_302_2f) Threats: Global warming Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2g) Threats: Drug trafficking and organized crime Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2h) Threats: Epidemics such as AIDS Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

19 (p3_302_2i) Threats: Nuclear weapons Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2j) Threats: The entrance of undocumented foreigners into national territory Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (p3_302_2k) Threats: Guerrillas Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2l) Threats: Cuts in energy supply Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

20 (p3_302_2m) Threats: Poverty in the world Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2n) Threats: Border conflicts and territorial disputes Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2o) Threats: Populist leaderships Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p3_302_2p) Threats: Scarcity and lack of food Grave Threat Important threat, but not grave Little Threat No threat (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

21 Summary of Threats (by seriousness) Threat Colombia Rank Chile Rank México Rank Perú Rank Drug trafficking and organized crime 86% 3 89% 3 79% 1 78% 4 Global Warming 89% 2 92% 2 77% 2 85% 2 Food Shortages 89% 2 93% 1 73% 4 89% 1 World poverty 90% 1 92% 2 73% 4 89% 1 Epidemics such as AIDS 85% 4 86% 5 75% 3 85% 2 Nuclear Weapons 81% 6 87% 4 64% 5 79% 3 International Terrorism 74% 7 83% 6 63% 6 77% 5 Border and Territorial 71% 8 71% 8 49% 8 63% 7 disputes Cuts in energy supply 54% 9 71% 8 43% 10 46% 8 Guerrilla movements 83% 5 75% 7 46% 9 67% 6 Populist leaderships 52% 10 57% 9 37% 11 35% 9 Rise of China as a world power Hardening of United States immigration policy Entry of undocumented migrants into COUNTRY Violent conflict do to ethnic or religious differences 33% 14 30% 10 32% 12 29% 10 48% 11 51% 7 48% 12 37% 11 45% 13 37% 11 21

22 Identity (8) What do you most closely identify with? (p4_401_1) Self Identity: State/COUNTRY State COUNTRY Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (9) How proud are you of being from your COUNTRY? (p4_401_2) Proud of being from COUNTRY Very proud Somewhat proud A little proud Not proud Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (10) Tell me, what do you most closely identify with?? (p4_402_3) Regional Identity Latin North Central Citizen of Andean Mercosur South American American American the World American Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

23 (11) Do you think that it is good or bad to disseminate the ideas and customs of other countries in COUNTRY? (p4_403_4) Foreign ideas and customs Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (12_1) (12_2 Do you agree or disagree that a naturalized foreigner may (p4_403_5a) Rights of nationalized foreigners: Be elected to Congress or Senate Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p4_403_5b) Rights of nationalized foreigners: Play in the national soccer team Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) 23

24 (13_1) (13_2) Now, do you agree or disagree that someone with dual nationality may (p4_403_6a) Rights of people with dual nationality: Be elected to Congress or the Senate Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p4_403_6b) Rights of people with dual nationality: Be elected as President Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (14_1) (14_4) Could you tell me what the initials on the following card mean: (p5_501_1a) Acronyms: O.A.S. (Organization of American States) Correct Incorrect Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p5_501_1b) Acronyms: U. N. (United Nations) Correct Incorrect Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

25 (p5_501_1c) (p5_501_1c) Acronyms: S. R. E. (Foreign Relations Ministry) Correct Incorrect Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p5_501_1d) Acronyms: F.I.F.A (International Football Federation) Correct Incorrect Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (15_1) (15_4) Could you tell me the name of (p5_502a_2a) General Knowledge:Current governor of your state Correct Incorrect Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (p5_503_2b) General knowledge: EU common currency Euro Other NS/NC Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) 25

26 (p5_502b_2c) General knowledge: Current President of the United States of America George W. Bush Incorrect Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (p5_502a_2d) General knowledge: The Secretary of Foreign Affairs Secretario de Relaciones Incorrect Exteriores Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/NCOL=1500) (16 In you opinion, what is best for COUNTRY s future; to actively participate in world affairs or to stand aside in world affairs? (p6_601_1) Active involvement in world affairs. Active participation Keep Distance Neither (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

27 (17_1) (17_13) How important should each one of the following objectives be for Mexico s foreign policy: very important, somewhat important, barely important or not important? (p6_602_2a) Foreign Policy goals: Strengthening the United Nations (UN) Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2b) Foreign policy goals: Strengthening the Organization of American States (OAS) Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2c) Foreign Policy goals: Combating International terrorism Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2d) Foreign policy goals: Helping to bring democracy to other countries Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

28 (p6_602_2e) Foreign policy goals: Promoting the sale of COUNTRY products in other countries Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2f) Foreign policy goals: Helping improve the standard of living in less developed countries Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2g) Foreign policy goals: Preventing the proliferation of nucelar weapons Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2h) Foreign policy goals : Combating international drug trafficking and organized crime* Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

29 (p6_602_2i) Foreign policy goals: Protecting the interests of COUNTRY s citizens in other countries Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2j) Foreign policy goals: Attracting foreign investment to COUNTRY Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2k) Foreign policy goals: Protecting our land and sea borders Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2l) Foreign policy goals: Protecting the environment Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

30 (p6_602_2m) Foreign policy goals: Promoteing regional integration Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_602_2n) Foreign policy goals: Attract tourists Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (p6_602_2o) Foreign policy goals: Promoting COUNTRY s culture Very Important Somewhat important Not very Important Not Important Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru

31 Summary of goals Objetivo Colombia Rank Chile Rank México Rank Perú Rank Protecting the environment 90% 1 91% 1 76% 2 87% 1 Combating Drug trafficking and Organized crime Protecting land and ocean boundries Attract foreign investment into COUNTRY Promote the sale of COUNTRY s products abroad Prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons Fighting international terrorism 90% 1 87% 2 81% 1 79% 3 82% 4 85% 3 65% 5 80% 2 77% 6 82% 4 62% 6 67% 6 87% 2 81% 5 71% 4 77% 4 78% 5 80% 6 56% 8 60% 9 75% 7 80% 6 61% 7 72% 5 Promoting regional integration 77% 8 78% 7 56% 8 65% 7 Protect the interests of COUNTRY s citizens in other countries Help bring democracy to other countries 86% 3 77% 8 76% 2 80% 2 53% 11 55% 10 37% 10 50% 10 Strengthening the U.N. 54% 10 52% 11 31% 11 47% 11 Help improve the 69% 9 62% 9 standard of living in less 47% 9 61% 8 developed countries Strengthening the O.A.S. 54% 10 51% 12 31% 11 43% 12 Attract tourism 81% 5 62% 6 Promoting COUNTRY s Culture 87% 2 73% 3 31

32 (18_50) ) Which is the most important of all these objectives? (p6_602_3) Most important Goal Strengtheni ng the U.N. Combating drug trafficking and organized crime Protecting the environmen t Attract foreign investment to COUNTRY Promote the sale of national products Other Colombia 100 Chile Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NPERÚ=1235) (19 What do you think Mexico should do about countries where they do not respect human rights? (p6_603_4) Response to human rights violations Break off diplomatic It should promote relations organizations such as the UN censoring that country Should not meddle in other s internal affairs Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (20_1 How important is Mexico at an international level: very, somewhat, a little or nothing? (p6_604_5a) Importance in the world Very Somewhat A little Not important Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

33 (20_2) At an international level, do you think Mexico is more or less important than 10 years ago? (p6_604_5b) Importance in the world: 10 years ago More Less Same Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (20_3) At an international level, do you think Mexico will be more or less important in 10 years? (p6_604_5c) Importance in the World: 10 years from now More Less Same Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (21_1) (21_4) Do you agree or disagree with your COUNTRY s government performance concerning? (p6_606_7a) Present administration performance in: Economic Policy Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

34 (p6_606_7b) Present administration performance in: Public Security Policy Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_606_7c) Present administration performance in: Foreign Policy Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p6_606_7d) Present administration performance in: Education policy Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (22) Do you think COUNTRY should increase, decrease or maintain the number of embassies it has in Africa? (p6_607_8) Embassies in Africa Increase Decrease Maintain Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) 34

35 (23) If the UN asked member countries to collaborate in sending a military or police peacekeeping force, commonly known as the blue helmets, to some part of the world, what do you think COUNTRY should do: participate in peace force or leave activities like this to other countries? (p7_701_1) UN peacekeeping Should Participate Should not Participate Depends (spontaneous) Other Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru 100 (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (24_1) Which of the following countries do you feel could best keep world peace? (p7_702_2a) Confidence in maintaing peace China United States France Great Britain Russia Other None Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (24_2) Which of the following countries do you feel would be the worst to keep world peace? (p7_702_2b Lack of Confidence in maintaining peace China France United States Great Britain Russia Other None Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

36 (25_1) (25_2) Tell me whether you agree with the following statements or not. (25_1) In order to settle international problems, COUNTRY must accept the decisions of the United Nations, even if it does not like them. (p7_703_3a) COUNTRY U.N. joint decision making Agree Disagree Depends Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (25_2) International treaties and agreements should be above national laws (p7_703_3b) International treaties vs. National laws Agree Disagree Depends Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (26) Do you think that the increased contact of our economy with the other economies of the world, which is known as globalization, is generally good or generally bad for COUNTRY? (p7_704_4) Globalization Generally good Generally bad Neither good nor bad (spontaneous) Depends (spontaneous) Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

37 (27) To what extent do you think that foreign investment benefits COUNTRY? (p7_705_5a) / (p7_705_5) Foreign investment benefits COUNTRY A lot Somewhat A little Not at all Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (28_1) (28_7) In general, do you think that free trade is good or bad for? (7_706_7a) Free trade: The economy of developed countries. Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (7_706_7b) Free trade: The environment Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru ( c) Free trade: The country s economy Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

38 (7_706_7d) Free trade: The standard of living of people like you Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p7_706_7e) Free trade: Businesses in the COUNTRY Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p7_706_7f) Free trade: Agrarian sector Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p7_706_7g) Free trade: COUNTRY s workers Good Bad Depends (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

39 (29) Do you agree or disagree that Mexico should lower the barriers to the inflow of foreign products? (p7_706_8) Reduction of tax barriers to the Entrance of foreign products Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree NS/ D Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (30_1) (30_2) The Security Council is one of the most important bodies on the UN and in certain circumstances it authorizes the use of force. Do you think that the Security Council of the United Nations Organization should or should not be entitled to authorize the use of military force to? (p7_707_9aa) UNSC Use of force: To prevent severe human rights violations such as mass killings Should authorize Should not authorize Depends Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p7_707_9ab UNSC Use of force: To restore by force a democratic government that has been overthrown Should authorize Should not authorize Depends Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

40 (31) Do you agree or disagree that if a COUNTRY citizen is accused of a crime against humanity, such as torture, and has not been tried in COUNTRY, said person should be judged by an international court (p7_708_10a) International Court of Justice Agree Disagree Depends Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (32_1) In general, do you believe that Latin America is better or worse than 10 years ago? (p8_801_1a) Latin America better or worse Better Worse Same (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (32_2) In general, do you believe that Latin America will be better or worse in 10 years? (p8_801_1b) Will Latin America be Better or worse Better Worse Same (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

41 (33) If the Security Council of the United Nations Organization were to have a new seat to represent Latin America as a whole, what country should be given the seat? (p8_707_2) Latin American seat at the UNSC Argentina Brazil Mexico Other Colombia Chile Mexico Peru* *Perú included the option none (3%) (34) Which of the following statements is closest to what you think COUNTRY s role in Latin America should be? (p8_802_3) Role of COUNTRY in Latin America COUNTRY should be COUNTRY should leader in the region cooperate with other countries without trying to be a leader COUNTRY should stay away from all Latin American efforts Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

42 (35) If an army or an armed group overthrows a democratically elected government in a Latin American country, do you think Mexico should? (p8_803_4) Latin American democratic government removed Break off diplomatic ties with new government Publicaly condemn these actions without breaking off relations Wait for international reaction before acting Do nothing Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (36_1) (36_5 Do you agree or disagree that the citizens of the following regions should be allowed to work in Mexico without needing a work permit? (p8_403_5a) Work permits: North America Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p8_403_5b) Work permits: Central America Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

43 (p8_403_5c) Work permits: South America Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p8_403_5d) Work permits: Europe Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p8_403_5e) Work permits: Asia Agree Disagree Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (37_1) Which Latin American country has been the most influential in the region over the last 10 years? (p8_807_10a) Most influential Latin American country in the last 10 years Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Guatemala Mexico Peru Venezuela NS/NC Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

44 (37_2) And which Latin American country will be the most influential in the region in the next 10 years? (p8_807_10b) Most influential Latin American Country in the next 10 years Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Guatemala Mexico Peru Venezuela NS/NC Colombia Chile Mexico Peru* *Perú included Bolivia (2%) and Ecuador (1%) (38) ) Compared with 10 years ago, do you think that there is an increased or decreased probability of an armed conflict in Latin America? (p8_808_11) Probability of armed conflict in Latin America Greater Lesser Same (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (39 In the event of an armed conflict in Latin America, who do you think should try to settle it? (p8_808_12) Who should act in case of armed conflict in Latin America U.N. OAS United States Group of countries from the region Group of countries outside the region Other No one Colombia Chile Mexico Peru

45 (40) ) In the future, do you think that there will be more or less economic integration among Latin American nations?? (p8_809_13) Greater Latin American economic integration Will be Won t be NS/ND Year Colombia Chile 100 Mexico Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500) (41_1) What Latin American nation do you think has generated the most conflict in the region over the last 10 years? (p8_810_14a) Country that has caused more conflicts in the region Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Guatemala México Perú Venezuela Other None Colombia Chile Mexico ND Peru (41_2) And in the next 10 years, which country do think might cause the most conflicts in the region? (p8_810_14b) Most conflictive country in future Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Guatemala México Perú Venezuela Other None Colombia Chile Mexico ND Peru (NMEX=2395/ NCOL=1500/ NCHI=1574) 45

46 (42_1) Compared with 10 years ago, do you think that your country s relations with the rest of Latin America are better or worse? (p8_810_15a) COUNTRY relations with Latin America Better Worse Same (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (42_2) And in 10 years, do you think that your country s relations with the rest of Latin America will be better or worse? (p8_810_15b) COUNTRY relations with Latin America in 10 years Better Worse Same (spontaneous) Year Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (43_1) (43_13 I am now going to ask you to rate some political leaders. You can use any number from 0 to 100; the higher the number, the more favorable your opinion about the leader. If you have no opinion or if you have not heard of the leader, please say so. (p8_502_16a) Cristina Fernández Year Mean Peru Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico

47 (p8_502_16b) Raúl Castro Year Mean (p8_502_16c) Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (p8_502_16d) Michelle Bachelet Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico Peru Year Mean Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico Peru Year Mean Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico Peru (p8_502_16e) Hugo Chávez Year Mean (p8_502_16f) George Bush Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico Peru Year Mean Never heard Colombia Chile Mexico Peru