Cutting crime, Cutting Carbon

Transcription

1 Cutting crime, Cutting Carbon Has the crime drop also reduced carbon emissions? Helen Skudder EngD researcher Research Team: Dr Angela Druckman, University of Surrey Dr Ian Brunton Smith, University of Surrey John Cole, Home Office Alan McInnes, Secured by Design Crime Survey Users Conference London 11th December 2015

2 Outline Aims and background of research Methodology and datasets used Footprinting results Individual offences Total crime Crime drop Future work 2

3 Introduction Crime has huge monetary costs Crime also has carbon costs Aims: o Estimate the environmental impact of crime o Highlight opportunities to reduce this impact o Identify low carbon crime prevention solutions 3

4 Crime Carbon blind spot Source: Pease, 2009 Need to consider all costs: Economic Social Environmental = sustainable approach to cut crime 4

5 The Crime Drop Source: ONS,

6 Methods: Lifecycle costs Defensive expenditure Insurance Administration and Premiums Fear of crime and precautionary behaviour Government crime prevention activity Anticipation of Crime Consequences of crime Damaged/stolen property Lost output Emotional and physical impacts Health Services Victim Support Services Police Legal aid and non legal aid defence Probation Service Prison Service Jury Service Offender Support Criminal Justice System Source: Brand and Price,

7 Methods: Datasets Home Office Monetised Costs of Crime 2011 Defra Carbon Emission Factors 2011 Police Recorded Crime 1995 onwards Crime Survey England and Wales onwards 7

8 Results Footprint Units CARBON DIOXIDE EQUIVALENT : CO 2 e Examples (per year) = 9.7 tonnes = 46,000 tonnes = 25 million tonnes = 568 million tonnes 8

9 Results Individual footprints per offence 9

10 Results Footprint per offence Offence Cost (social and economic) Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO 2 e) Equivalent to... Homicide 1.8 mil cars used for a year Serious wounding 26, months home energy use Vehicle Theft 5, ,700 miles driven in a car Sexual Offence 40, ,000 miles on a train Robbery 9, Produce 500 litres of wine Burglary 4, hour flight Shoplifting Manufacture an Apple Watch (2011 figures) 10

11 Results Total Footprint over a year 11

12 Results Total Footprint ALL CRIME ~4 MILLION TONNES CO 2 E Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO 2 e) 600, , , , , ,000 Unrecorded Recorded % of Total Carbon Footprint of Crime 12

13 Results Source of emissions Carbon Footprint (tonnes CO 2 e) 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000, , , , ,000 Anticipation of Crime Consequences of Crime Criminal Justice System Unrecorded Recorded % of Total Carbon Footprint of Crime 200,

14 Results Total Footprint over time The Crime Drop 14

15 Results Since Carbon footprint (million tonnes CO 2 e) Unrecorded Footprint Police Recorded Footprint Police Recorded Offences Unrecorded Offences Number of offences (million)

16 Results Recorded Crime 30% 20% 10% % change from % % 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Police recorded offences Footprint of police recorded offences 16

17 Results Offence type Carbon Footprint (million tonnes CO 2 e) Vehicle Offences (of, from and attempted) Violent crime (wounding and sexual offences) Property offences (burglary and theft)

18 Results Source of emission Carbon Footprint (million tonnes CO 2 e) Criminal Justice System Consequences of Crime Anticipation of Crime

19 Results Summary All crimes have a carbon footprint In England Wales crime attributes around 4 million tonnes CO 2 e a year Since 1995, the carbon footprint of crime has fallen more sharply than the number that occur Areas of interest to reduce impacts: Burglary - responsible for around 1/3 rd of the the total footprint Criminal Justice System - a large emitter Property and vehicle offences decline responsible for saving the most emissions 19

20 Future Work Aim to identify low carbon & effective measures of crime control Identify win-win products, measures, policies or strategies Both secure and low carbon future 20

21 Thank you for Listening! Any questions or comments? Contact Details: Helen Skudder or 21

22 References Brand, S. and Price, R. (2000) The Economic and Social Costs of Crime. Home Office: Home Office Research Study 217. London, UK. Dubourg, R., Hamed, J. and Thorns, J. (2005) The Economic and Social Costs of Crime against individuals and households 2003/2004. Home Office. London, UK. Home Office (2011) Revisions made to the multipliers and unit costs of crime used in the Integrated Offender Management Value for Money Toolkit. Available at: costs-multipliers.pdf (Accessed: 5th August 2013). ONS (2015) Crime in England and Wales, Year Ending December ONS, London. Pease, K. (2009) The carbon cost of crime and its implications, London: ACPO Secured by Design. 22