Applicable legislation: The Binding Force of E 101 Forms. A.P. van der Mei FreSsco, Maastricht University Bucharest, 18 May 2017

Transcription

1 Applicable legislation: The Binding Force of E 101 Forms A.P. van der Mei FreSsco, Maastricht University Bucharest, 18 May 2017

2 Applicable legislation: The Binding Force of E 101 Forms Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 9 September 2015 Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 27 April 2017 Cases C-72/14 and C-197/14 X v Inspecteur van Rijksbelastingdienst and T.A. van Dijk v Staatssecretaris van Financiën Case C-620/15 A-Rosa Flussschiff GmbH v Union de recouvrement des cotisations de sécurité sociale et d allocations familiales d Alsace (Urssaf), venant aux droits de l Urssaf du Bas-Rhin and Sozialversicherungsanstalt des Kantons Graubünden

3 Posting Rules determing the applicable legislation Special rule for posted workers (Art.14 Reg.1408/71 Art.12 Reg.883/2004) Goals Single State Rule Lex Loci Laboris State of employment remains competent State for a maximum period of 12 months Facilitate free movement of services Conditions Avoid social dumping Employer must normally carry out activities in MS of establishment Direct relationship between employer and posted worker Formalities A 1 portabe document E 101

4 Binding force of E 101 forms - Previous case law Previous cases Case C-202/97 Fitzwilliam Case C-178/97 Banks Case C-2/05 Herbosch Kiere CJEU: Good faith requires issuing institution to assess facts to guarantee correctness E 101 form Receiving institution is bound presumption of correctness If receiving institutions has doubts, issuing institution must reconsider No agreement: matter must be referred to Administrative Commission Administrative Commission cannot reconciliation: inringement proceedings ex Article 259 TFEU Court in receiving State lacks power to scrutinise the validity of E 101 form See also Decision 181 of the Adminstrative Commission - Decision A 1

5 A-Rosa Flussschiff Facts A-Rosa based in Germany, branch in Switzerland Operates cruise ships in France French authorities claim social secuirty contributions A-Rosa submits (Swiss) E 101 Lower court: A-Rosa has to pay as it operates in France on stable and continuous basis Court of appeal agrees with lower court Cour de Cassation refers 267-question to CoJ: are the French social security institution and courts bound by E 101 form, even where courts find that the posting provision is not applicable?

6 Repeats case-law settled Does the fact that the workers concerned clearly do not fall within the scope of Article 14 alter this conclusion? CoJ: A-Rosa Flussschiff - receiving institution is bound by E settlement procedure must be followed (between institutions, Administrative Commission) - court in receiving State lacks power to scrutinise the validity of E 101 form No, the settlement procedure must be followed France: - settlement procedure is ineffective - danger of unfair competition - danger of social dumping CoJ: - French institutions did not exhaust channel of dialogue with Swiss counterparts - Settlement procedure, as developed by CoJ, now laid down in Decision 181 of AC and codified in new Regulation 987/2009 Fact that Switserland is no EU Member and cannot start infringement procedure does not aler conclusion

7 X Dutch national working on vessels operating on the Rhine for Luxembourg company X and van Dijk van Dijk Dutch national working on vessels operating on the Rhine for Luxembourg company Luxembourg issues E 101 Luxembourg issues E 101 Dutch authorities claim payment of social security contributions Regulation 1408/71 does not apply when the Agreement on the Social Security Rights of Rhine Boatmen apply Court of Appeals refers 267-questions to CoJ Does case law on E 101 also apply when Reg.1408/71 is not applicable? Does it matter that E 101 is used for adminstrative reasons? Dutch authorities claim payment of social security contributions Regulation 1408/71 does not apply when the Agreement on the Social Security Rights of Rhine Boatmen apply Supreme Court Refers 267-questions to CoJ Does case law on E 101 also apply when Reg.1408/71 is not applicable? Must Supreme Court refer or wait for CoJ ruling in X-case?

8 CoJ: X and van Dijk Does case law on E 101 also apply when Reg.1408/71 is not applicable? Are Dutch authorities bound by E 101 forms in case of Rhine-boatmen? Must Supreme Court refer or wait for CoJ ruling in X-case? Does the fact that a lower court in the X case has refered 267 to CoJ imply that the Supreme Court in the van Dijk case may regard the matter as an acte clair? Repeats settled case-law: receiving institution is bound by E 101 Reg.1408/71 does not apply to Rhine-Boatsmen form E 101 cannot produce same effects as under the Regulation Use of E 101 form for administrtaive reason does not alter this CILFIT-rule: a highest court must refer 267 to the CoJ unless (i) question is irrelevant, (ii) acte clair or (iii) acte éclairé CoJ It is for the national court to determine whether or not tehre is an acte clair Mere 267-reference does not prevent conclusion tha there is acte clair

9 Recent developments in the field of free movement of workers at EU level FreSsco Seminar Bucharest, 18 May 2017 Radek CASTA Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Unit D1 Free movement of workers, EURES

10 Labour mobility Free movement of workers 1) Transposition of Directive 2014/54 (Enforcement of Free Movement of Workers) 2) Implementation of Regulation 2016/589 (New EURES Regulation) Temporary mobility in the framework of provision of services (Posting of workers) 1) Review of Directive 96/71 (Posting of Workers) 2) Transposition of Directive 2014/67 (Enforcement Posting of Workers)

11 Better enforcement of rights conferred under EU law on free movement of workers Practice shows that it is difficult for citizens to enforce their rights at national level Directive 2014/54 aims to facilitate the exercise of rights on Union workers and members of their families in the context of the freedom of movement for workers The Directive does not create new rights for mobile workers

12 Main Features of the new Directive 2014/54 on facilitating the exercise of rights in the context of free movement of workers Specific measures to ensure effective protection of rights conferred by Art 45 TFEU and Regulation (EU) No 492/2011. National body or bodies must exist to provide assistance to Union workers (including jobseekers) and their family members; Promotion of dialogue Better information provision at national level

13 Transposition infringement procedures (12 LFN-> 8 RO) ongoing conformity check to assess the compatibility of national provisions with the Directive's provisions Fressco Reports on the application of the Directive (December 2016) and Effective judicial protection in the framework of Directive 2014/54/EU (November 2016)

14 Current state of transposition (EUR-LEX) 4 3 Complete- BE, BG, CY, DK, DE, EL, IE, ES, FR, HR, IT, LV, HU, MT, NL, PL, SI, SK, FI, SE, UK Partial- AT, LT, LU, RO 21 Non transp.- CZ, EE, PT

15 Types of the bodies 12% 4%0% Equality/ human rights authorities/ ombudspersons- AT*, CZ, EL, FI*, FR, HR*, IE, IT, LT, MT, NL*, PL*, SK* Employment services- BG, DK, HR*, HU, LV, SI 17% 46% Ministries- CY, HR*, NL*, PL*, SK* Migration authorities- BE, DE, ES 21% Chambers- AT*, SE Labour inspectorate- NL*, PL* * Notified more than one body

16 The list of the bodies available online the list with contact details is available at information on national body should be also available at national level

17 Preliminary observations following the conformity check lack of information on a number of issues designation of the body and its proper functioning; carrying out the tasks means of redress outside labour relations promotion of dialogue on FMOW shortcomings of available information on FMOW

18 EURES EURES (European Employment Services) aims at facilitating and promoting the freedom of movement for workers within the EU notably by exchanging information on employment opportunities It is a cooperation network within the EU 28 countries plus Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. New EURES Regulation 2016/589

19 Regulation 2016/589 (New EURES Regulation).Key improvements A stronger network of European employment services at EU level that delivers more efficient labour market information exchange for the purpose of matching processes across borders in the EU/EEA, in support of the internal market Enhanced transparency: more jobs advertised; Online skills-based matching: JV CV; Reinforced scope: more service providers; An agreed minimum package of services for job seekers and employers in all MS

20 Revision of Posting of Workers Directive Why revising the Directive? - Restore a level-playing field - Ensure that the same (mandatory) rules apply to posted and local workers The key change - remuneration rules

21 Enforcement of Posting of Workers The Enforcement Directive 2014/67: increases the awareness of posted workers and companies about their rights and obligations improves cooperation between national authorities in charge of posting defines Member States' responsibilities to verify compliance with the rules on posting of workers ensures the effective application and collection of administrative penalties and fines across the Member States if the requirements of EU law on posting are not respected

22 Thank you for your attention! Visit Id=

23 Access to noncontributive benefits for inactive persons: Case Law CJEU Recent cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of free movement of workers and social security coordination Bucharest 18 May 2017 Essi Rentola

24 Case law C-140/12, Brey: pensioners, SNCBs; concept of unreasonable burden on social assistance scheme C-333/13, Dano: inactive, not seeking work, SNCBs C-67/14, Alimanovic: jobseekers, SNCBs C-299/14, Garcia Nieto: first three months, SNCBs C-308/14, EC vs UK: social security benefits (family benefits, tax financed); no impact on job-seekers!

25 The Court of Justice has held that Member States are entitled to make the access to social security benefits, which do not constitute social assistance within the meaning of Directive 2004/38/EC, subject to a legal right of residence for mobile citizens other than workers, self-employed persons, persons who retain such status and members of their families and persons who have acquired a right to permanent residence.

26 Directive 2004/38 & Regulation 883/ Directive 2004/38 and Regulation 883/2004 have different aims - Directive: aim is to facilitate the free movement of EU-nationals and clarify the prerequisites for the use of the right - Regulation: Provisions on legislation applicable and coordination of Social Security - Balancing between the right to free movement and conditions prerequisites relating to public finances - The case law of CJEU evolves in time

27 Directive 2004/38 - Workers have equal treatment - Non active : right to equal treatment becomes gradually stronger : - max 3 months: Passport or identity card, no evaluation of unreasonable burden (art. 24.4) - 3 months - 5 years: Sufficient resources; not to become an unreasonable burden to the welfare system (art 7.1) No expulsion measures against jobseekers as long as the Union citizens can provide evidence that they are continuing to seek employment and that they have a genuine chance of being engaged (art. 14.4) - over 5 years: Strong status: Comparable to nationals of host Member State 5

28 Equal treatment, art. 24(4) dir. 2004/38 1. Subject to such specific provisions as are expressly provided for in the Treaty and secondary law, all Union citizens residing on the basis of this Directive in the territory of the host Member State shall enjoy equal treatment with the nationals of that Member State within the scope of the Treaty. ( ) 2. No social assistance during the first three months of residence or, where appropriate, the longer period provided for in Article 14(4)(b) [jobseekers], nor shall it be obliged, prior to acquisition of the right of permanent residence, to grant maintenance aid for studies, including vocational training, consisting in student grants or student loans to persons other than workers, self-employed persons, persons who retain such status and members of their families.

29 883/2004 & 987/2009 Free movements of persons Equal treatment One legislation applicable Fair burden sharing Principles Aggregation of periods Good administrative cooperation Export of benefits Coordination not harmonisation 7 Etunimi

30 Equal treatment 883/2004, art. 4 Unless otherwise provided for by this Regulation, persons to whom this Regulation applies shall enjoy the same benefits and be subject to the same obligations under the legislation of any Member State as the nationals thereof.

31 Social Security within the meaning of 883/2004 Granted automatically when certain objective criteria are met No individual or discretionary assessment of personal needs Covers one of the risks according to art. 3 9

32 Benefits covered by Social Security coordination Benefits in kind and in cash Sickness benefits Family benefits 883/2004 & 987/2009 Unemployment benefits Regulation 492/2011 covers broadly social and tac advantages Accidents at work & occupational diseases Pensions Social assistance and social services outside the material scope Etunimi

33 Material scope of Reg. 883/2004 in relation to Dir. 2004/38/EY and Reg. 492/2011 Social Security branches covered by 883/2004 General and special schemes Contributory and noncontributory Schemes relating to the obligations of employer and ship owner Non - contributory can be covered by directive 2004/38/EY (C-308/14 Kom v UK) 883/ art. Annex X Special non contributory benefits Within coordination but with limitations No export Can be covered by directive 2004/38/EY (Case law: Brey, Dano, Alimanovic, Garcia Nieto) Social assistance Outside the scope of social security coordination Covered by 492/2011 Reg. 883/2004 lex specialis in relation to Reg.492/2011 discretionary assessment Etunimi

34 Starting point: Citizenship of European Union Union citizenship - strong position (TFEU art. 20 and 21) - Union citizenship is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals of the Member States, enabling those who find themselves in the same situation to enjoy the same treatment in law irrespective of their nationality, subject to such exceptions as are expressly provided for (Grzelczyk, C-184/99, 31) - Strong principle of equal treatment -> No discrimination based on nationality (TFEU art.18)

35 National conditions are allowed - Definition of Real link - a residence requirement of five years, such as that laid down in the national legislation at issue in the main proceedings, does not go beyond what is necessary to attain the objective of ensuring that students from other Member States are to a certain degree integrated into the society of the host Member State. (C-158/07 Förster) 13

36 National conditions are allowed Brey: the fact that a national of another Member State who is not economically active may be eligible, in light of his low pension, to receive that benefit could be an indication that that national does not have sufficient resources to avoid becoming an unreasonable burden on the social assistance system of the host Member State for the purposes of Article 7(1)(b) of Directive 2004/38

37 National conditions are allowed (Brey) - No automatic decision, but must be based on overall assessment: - individual circumstances: duration of stay, motivation and intentions, family ties, financial recourses, search for work etc. (Swaddling, C-90/97) - The system as a whole: the extent of the burden which that grant would place on the national social assistance system. 15

38 Dano : Welfare tourism New line of cases - Dano had stayed in Germany over 3 months, didn t search for work and didn t come to work. Applied for social assistance - Equal treatment only in relation to those who fulfil the conditions laid down in directive 2004/38 Not in general in relation to other EU-nationals - Unequal treatment between Union citizens who have made use of their freedom of movement and residence and nationals of the host Member State with regard to the grant of social benefits is an inevitable consequence of Directive 2004/38. 16

39 New line of cases welfare turism Alimanovic : Seeking work - Swedish nationals, move to Germany, mother and daughter work for 11 months (= 06/10-05/11) Apply for social assistance Don t fulfil the requirements of dir 2004/38: Unemployment has lasted over 6 months after a work relationship that lasted less than a year No need to make an individual assessment No discrimination because equal treatment is evaluated in relation to persons who fulfil the criteria set in dir. 2004/38 17

40 New line of cases welfare turism Commission v. UK - Concerns child allowance and tax credit Social security benefits within the meaning of Regulation 883/2004 Residence based non contributory benefits - UK: Additional right to reside test as a condition for granting social security benefits to citizens of other MSs - (Only) legal ground (Brey- point 44): there is nothing to prevent, in principle, the granting of social security benefits to Union citizens who are not economically active being made conditional upon those citizens meeting the necessary requirements for obtaining a legal right of residence in the host Member State 18

41 New line of cases welfare turism Commission v. UK : - The material scopes of dir. 2004/38 and Reg. 883/2004 overlap/get mixed up - Concerns a social security benefit within the meaning of Reg > Requirements come from the directive - The principle pf equal treatment (Regulation 883/2004 art. 4 ; TFEU art.18) ( also EU citizenship) - Accepts indirect discrimination 19

42 Austrian legislation in Brey Austrian legislation A retired person in Austria is entitled to a compensatory supplement where a retirement pension (plus C-140/12 net revenue from other sources ) Brey falls short of a specific reference amount which is equal to the difference between the reference amount and that individual s personal income, so long as he is habitually and lawfully resident in Austria. Facts German nationals Peter Brey and his wife moved from Germany to Austria. Brey received a German invalidity pension 862,74 e/month and care allowance 225 e/month. The couple had no other income. The couple applied for the compensatory supplement. Process in Austria Pension institution refused the application on the ground that, owing to his low retirement pension, Mr Brey does not have sufficient resources to establish his lawful residence in Austria Etunimi

43 Brey ruling Decision there is nothing to prevent, in principle, the granting of social security benefits to Union citizens who are not economically active C-140/12 being made conditional upon those citizens Brey meeting the necessary requirements for obtaining a legal right of residence in the host Member Statetright of nationals of one Member State to reside in the territory of another Member State without being engaged in any activity, whether on an employed or a self-employed basis, is not unconditional Decision Article 8(4) of Directive 2004/38 expressly states that Member States may not lay down a fixed amount which they will regard as sufficient resources, but must take into account the personal situation of the person concerned. Moreover, under the second sentence of Article 8(4), the amount ultimately regarded as indicating sufficient resources may not be higher than the threshold below which nationals of the host Member State become eligible for social assistance, or, where that criterion is not applicable, higher than the minimum social security pension paid by the host Member State. Decision in order to determine whether a person receiving social assistance has become an unreasonable burden on its social assistance system, the host Member State should, before adopting an expulsion measure, examine whether the person concerned is experiencing temporary difficulties and take into account the duration of residence of the person concerned, his personal circumstances, and the amount of aid which has been granted to him Etunimi

44 German legislation in Dano, Alimanovic and Garcia-Nieto German legislation C-333/13 Dano Basic provision for jobseekers means benefits intended to bring to an end or reduce need, in particular by integration into the labour market, and German legislation The benefit is intended to enable its beneficiaries to lead a life in keeping with human dignity and cover their subsistence costs as well as costs related to housing and heating. German legislation Foreign nationals who have entered national territory in order to obtain social assistance or whose right of residence arises solely out of the search for employment, and their family members, have no right to social assistance Etunimi

45 C-299/14, Garcia Nieto Facts C-299/14 Garcia-Nieto In April 2012, Ms García-Nieto entered Germany with her daughter Jovanlis and registered as a jobseeker on 1 June From 12 June 2012, she worked as a kitchen assistant, for which from 1 July 2012 she was compulsorily affiliated to German social security, and received a monthly net salary of EUR 600. Facts On 23 June 2012, Mr Peña Cuevas and his son joined Ms García-Nieto and Jovanlis. Until 1 November 2012, the Peña-García family resided with Ms García-Nieto s mother and the family s living expenses were met from Ms García-Nieto s income. In addition, from July 2012, Mr Peña Cuevas and Ms García-Nieto received child benefits for their children, Jovanlis and Joel Luis, who began attending school on 22 August Facts On 30 July 2012, the Peña-García family applied to the Employment Centre for subsistence benefits under Book II of the Social Code ( the benefits at issue ). The Employment Centre however refused to grant those benefits to Mr Peña Cuevas and his son for August and September 2012, although those benefits were granted with effect from October 2012.The decision refusing the benefits given by the Employment Centre was based on point 1 of the second sentence of Paragraph 7(1) of Book II of the Social Code, on account of the fact that, at the time of the application, Mr Peña Cuevas and his son had resided in Germany for less than three months and that, moreover, Mr Peña Cuevas did not have the status of a worker or self-employed person. 23 Etunimi

46 C-299/14, Garcia Nieto: Decision Decision C-299/14 Article 6(1) of Directive 2004/38 provides that Union Garcia-Nieto citizens have the right of residence on the territory of another Member State for a period of up to three months without any conditions or any formalities other than the requirement hold a valid identity card or passport and, under Article 14(1) of that directive, that right is retained as long as the Union citizen and his family members do not become an unreasonable burden on the social assistance system of the host Member State Host Member State may refuse to grant persons other than workers, self-employed persons or those who retain that status any social assistance during the first three months of residence. Decision No individual assessment is necessary. It follows that there is nothing to prevent such benefits being refused to nationals of other Member States who do not have the status of workers or self-employed persons or persons who retain such status during the first three months of residence in the host Member Staten, not precluding legislation of a Member State under which nationals of other Member States who are in a situation such as that referred to in Article 6(1) of that directive are excluded from entitlement to certain special non-contributory cash benefits within the meaning of Article 70(2) of Regulation No 883/2004, which also constitute social assistance within the meaning of Article 24(2) of Directive 2004/ Etunimi

47 Commission proposal Art A Member State may require that the access of an economically inactive person residing in that Member State to its social security benefits be subject to the conditions of having a right to legal residence as set out in Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens

48 FreSsco Rețea la nivelul UE de experți independenți în domeniul liberei circulații a lucrătorilor (FMW) & coordonarea securității sociale (SSC)

49 Participa 32 state (UE/SEE/Elveția) Al patrulea an de funcționare: 16/12/ /12/2017-ultimul Finanțat de Comisia Europeana (DG EMPL, unitatile D1 si D2) Implementat de Universitatea din Ghent și Eftheia

50 Obiective să furnizeze expertiză juridică de înaltă calitate în domeniile FMW si SSC prin rapoarte prin sprijin analitic ad -hoc

51 Obiective Să disemineze expertiza si să îmbunătățească cunostintele experților și practicienilor Prin organizarea de seminare Prin împărtășirea informației Prin dezvoltarea retelei/legaturilor dintre actorii relevanti

52 Structura rețelei & organizarea Management de proiect si coordonarea echipei Echipa de experti naționali Echipa de experți analitici Consiliu consultativ

53 Principalele sarcini & activități Raspunsuri la solicitări ad hoc Rapoarte comparative și analitice Seminare Platforma de cooperare Conferință finală

54 Rapoarte subiecte pentru 2017 Raport comparativ Serviciile naționale de ocupare a forței de muncă. Condiții pentru înregistrarea și accesul la asistență al cetățenilor UE din partea altor state membre Rapoarte analitice Interrelatia dintre coordonarea securitatii sociale si legislatia muncii Asistenta reciproca si cooperarea sincera in baza Regulamentelor privind coordonarea sistemelor de securitate sociala si alte instrumente UE

55 Seminare Format & participanti +/- 10 seminare de o zi pe an Un stat sau mai multe Reprezentanti ai autoritatilor si institutiilor competente, partenerilor sociali, ONG-urilor, judecătorilor, juriștilor, mediului academic Organizat de expertul național cu sprijinul a 2 experți analitici FreSsco ( visiting experți ) și reprezentanților Comisiei Europene

56 2017 Seminar Calendar Date Country 27/4 Bulgaria 12/5 Finlanda 18/5 Romania 24/5 Elvetia 22/6 Polonia 30/6 Franta 15/9 Italia 13/10 Letonia 27/10 Croatia

57 FreSsco Forum Acces După invitația primită de la administratorul site-ului FreSsco webmaster și respectând procedura de conectare (cont ECAS) Invitația de a participa poate fi solicitată via fressco@ugent.be Possibilitati/beneficii Acces la toate informatiile relevante: agenda seminarului, prezentarile, materialele etc. Intrebari online questions si discutii referitoare la temele abordate in cadrul seminarului

58 Cooperare & networking FreSsco website (EUROPA) Platforma de cooperare FreSsco LinkedIn groups (FreSsco coordination / FreSsco free movement) Bi-annual FreSsco Newsletter New: FreSsco Forum Contact us at: fressco@ugent.be

59 Libera circulație a funcționarilor Seminar FreSsco, București, 18 mai 2017

60 Cazul Joachim Pöpperl v Land Nordrhein- Westfalen - C- 187/15 Cazul Comisia Europeana v. Republica Cipru - C -515/14

61 Cauza C-187/15 Cerere de decizie preliminară formulată de Tribunalul Administrativ Düsseldorf, Germania, în procedura Joachim Pöpperl împotriva Landul Renania de Nord-Westfalia în legătură cu pierderea drepturilor la pensie pentru limită de vârstă în urma unei demisii de pe un post de funcționar ocupat în landul menționat pentru a lucra în alt stat membru decât Republica Federală Germania.

62 Articolul 28 alineatul 3 din Statutul funcționarilor landului Renania de Nord-Westfalia Sub rezerva unor dispoziții legale contrare, după concediere, fostul funcționar nu mai are dreptul la nicio prestație din partea angajatorului său [ ]

63 Articolul 8 din Cartea a șasea din Codul securității sociale prevede: asigurat persoanele care sunt asigurate retroactiv - asimilate persoanelor supuse asigurării obligatorii. asigurarea retroactivă - funcționarilor în cazul în care s-au retras din activitate fără a avea drept la pensie [ ] Asigurarea retroactivă acoperă perioada în care a existat scutirea de la obligația de afiliere

64 Joachim Pöpperl funcționar revocabil 1 sept până la 30 apr funcționar definitiv 1 aug până la 31 aug demisionează 1 sept. 1999

65 Joachim Pöpperl Nu poate avea o asigurare suplimentara Pensie (+ s) 1 050,67 euro pe lună Pensie funcționar 2 263,03 euro pe lună Pensie funcționar (+ s) 2 728,18 euro pe lună diferența de 1 677,51 euro

66 Instanța de trimitere diferența de 1 677,51 euro poate face mai dificil accesul pe piața muncii într-un alt stat membru există diferențe pertinente între regimul pensiei pentru limită de vârstă al funcționarilor și regimul general de asigurare pentru limită de vârstă efectele asigurării retroactive pentru un funcționar mutarea in Austria - demisie

67 Instanța de trimitere 1) Articolul 45 TFUE trebuie interpretat în sensul că se opune dispozițiilor dreptului național potrivit cărora o persoană având calitatea de funcționar într-un stat membru își pierde drepturile viitoare la o pensie pentru limită de vârstă (pensie aferentă regimului de securitate socială al funcționarilor) dobândite în calitate de funcționar pentru motivul că, în urma acceptării unui nou loc de muncă în alt stat membru, aceasta a renunțat din proprie inițiativă la postul de funcționar, în condițiile în care dreptul național prevede în același timp că această persoană trebuie să fie reafiliată retroactiv, pe baza salariului brut obținut în calitate de funcționar, în cadrul sistemului obligatoriu de asigurări sociale, drepturile la pensie rezultate ca urmare a acestei afilieri fiind însă mai reduse decât drepturile viitoare la pensie care au fost pierdute?

68 Instanța de trimitere 2) În cazul unui răspuns afirmativ la prima întrebare, în cazul tuturor funcționarilor sau al unora dintre aceștia, articolul 45 TFUE trebuie interpretat în sensul că, în lipsa unor reglementări naționale contrare, entitatea publică având calitatea de angajator al funcționarului în cauză are obligația de a plăti acestuia fie cuantumul pensiei pentru limită de vârstă calculate pe baza perioadei de serviciu efectuate în calitate de funcționar și scăzând drepturile la pensie rezultate în urma asigurării retroactive, fie o altă compensare financiară pentru pierderea drepturilor la pensie, chiar dacă, potrivit dreptului național, pot fi acordate numai pensiile prevăzute în conformitate cu acest drept?

69 Articolul 45 (1) Libera circulație a lucrătorilor este garantată în cadrul Uniunii. (2) Libera circulație implică eliminarea oricărei discriminări pe motiv de cetățenie între lucrătorii statelor membre, în ceea ce privește încadrarea în muncă, remunerarea și celelalte condiții de muncă. [ ]

70 Aprecierea Curții - Prima întrebare statele membre își păstrează competența de a-și organiza sistemele de securitate sociala. SM trebuie respecte dreptul Uniunii și în special dispozițiile din TFUE referitoare la libera circulație a lucrătorilor și la dreptul de stabilire tu (C-212/06, C 18/95, C 135/99) Ansamblul dispozițiilor din tratat referitoare la libera circulație a persoanelor urmărește facilitarea exercitării de activități profesionale de orice natura [ ] si se opune masurilor care i-ar putea defavoriza atunci când doresc sa exercite o activitate economica pe teritoriul unui alt SM. In acest context, resortisanții SM dispun in special de dreptul, izvorând direct din tratat, de a-si părăsi SM de origine pentru a se deplasa pe teritoriul unui alt SM si de ședere pe teritoriul acelui stat, pentru a desfășura o activitate economica.

71 Aprecierea Curții - Prima întrebare o deplasare într-un alt stat membru decât statul său membru de origine = neutră în materia asigurărilor sociale? o reglementare națională este conformă cu dreptul Uniunii numai în măsura în care, printre altele, nu dezavantajează lucrătorul vizat și nu are drept consecință pur și simplu plata unor contribuții sociale pentru care nu se va beneficia de prestații

72 Aprecierea Curții - Prima întrebare măsuri naționale susceptibile să îngreuneze sau să facă mai puțin atractivă exercitarea libertăților fundamentale garantate de tratat pot fi admise numai cu condiția să urmărească un obiectiv de interes general, să fie de natură să asigure realizarea acestuia și să nu depășească ceea ce este necesar pentru atingerea obiectivului urmărit o legislație națională, precum și diferitele norme pertinente nu sunt de natură să garanteze realizarea obiectivului urmărit decât în cazul în care răspund cu adevărat preocupării de a atinge obiectivul respectiv într-un mod coerent și sistematic revine instanței naționale, care este singura competentă să aprecieze faptele și să interpreteze legislația națională, sarcina de a stabili dacă și în ce măsură o reglementare îndeplinește aceste cerințe

73 Aprecierea Curții - Prima întrebare obiectivul de a asigura buna funcționare a administrației publice în ceea ce privește landul Renania de Nord-Westfalia reglementarea națională nu poate descuraja în orice împrejurări funcționarii să se retragă din administrația publică a landului Renania de Nord-Westfalia obiectivul de a asigura buna funcționare a administrației publice în general în Germania reglementarea depășește ceea ce este necesar pentru a-l atinge

74 Aprecierea Curții - A doua întrebare principiul interpretării conforme - limite (principiile generale de drept) interpretarea conformă nu este posibilă, instanța națională are obligația să aplice integral dreptul Uniunii un tratament diferențiat între mai multe grupuri de persoane - regimul aplicabil membrilor grupului favorizat rămâne, în lipsa aplicării corecte a dreptului Uniunii, singurul sistem de referință valabil articolul 45 TFUE trebuie interpretat în sensul că revine instanței naționale obligația să asigure efectul deplin al acestui articol și să acorde lucrătorilor drepturi la pensie comparabile cu cele ale funcționarilor care își mențin drepturile care să corespundă anilor efectuați în serviciul angajatorului

75 Comisia împotriva Republicii Cipru cauza C-515/14

76 Articolul 24 alineatul (1) din Legea 97 (I)/1997 Funcționar își părăsește locul de muncă funcție publică care este incompatibilă cu funcția sau cu postul pe care îl ocupa anterior a) o pensie (fără a ține cont de condiția de 5 ani de serviciu) b) o pensie suplimentară

77 Articolul 25 alineatul (1) din Legea 97 (I)/1997 Funcționar organism Guvernul plătește organismului o sumă forfetară Serviciul în funcția publică este luat în considerare de organism pentru calculul duratei serviciului

78 Articolul 27 alineatul (1) din Legea 97 (I)/1997 funcționar în vârstă de peste 45 de ani, (minim 5 ani de serviciu) demisie: suma forfetară + pensia la vârsta de 55 de ani Funcționar sub 45 de ani (minim 3 ani) demisie: o sumă forfetară

79 Articolul 26A din Legea (de modificare) 31 (I)/2012 funcționarii demisie post UE: plata din partea guvernului a cuantumului reprezentând valoarea în capital a avantajelor Aceste dispoziții, care le modifică pe cele ale Legii 97 (I)/1997, au intrat în vigoare cu efect retroactiv începând de la 1 mai 2004.

80 Legea 113 (I)/2011 noii funcționari sunt supuși unui alt regim de pensii, care nu conține o diferență de tratament întemeiată pe vârstă.

81 Poziția Comisiei Europene Funcționar în vârstă de până la 45 de ani demisionează post alt stat UE sau instituții a Uniunii: o sumă forfetară și își pierde drepturile viitoare la pensie Funcționar în vârstă de până la 45 de ani demisionează o activitate profesională sau anumite funcții publice în Cipru: Păstrează drepturile de pensie Această dispoziție dezavantajează lucrătorii migranți în raport cu cei care își exercită activitatea profesională numai în Cipru.

82 Poziția Comisiei Europene o diferență de tratament între lucrătorii care nu și -au exercitat dreptul lor la liberă circulație și lucrătorii migranți; chiar dacă este aplicabilă fără distincție, o asemenea dispoziție ar putea descuraja lucrătorii să părăsească statul lor membru de origine articolul 27 alineatul (1) din Legea 97 (I)/1997 privează lucrătorul migrant de posibilitatea de a beneficia de cumularea tuturor perioadelor de asigurare adoptarea Legii 113 (I)/2011 nu are efecte asupra faptului că respectivul articol 27 alineatul (1) continuă să se aplice funcționarilor intrați în funcție anterior articolul 27 din Legea 97 (I)/1997, este susceptibilă să descurajeze funcționarii ciprioți să părăsească, anterior împlinirii vârstei de 45 de ani, funcția publică națională considerații de natură pur economică nu ar putea constitui motive imperative de interes general

83 Poziția Cipru articolul 48 TFUE nu este aplicabil deoarece acest articol nu creează un drept la luarea în calcul a perioadelor de asigurare. din momentul adoptării Legii 31 (I)/2012, intrată în vigoare cu efect retroactiv începând de la 1 mai 2004, condiția de vârstă, nu se mai aplică în caz de plecare a unui funcționar în vederea ocupării unui post de funcționar într-o instituție a Uniunii un funcționar care părăsește funcția publică cipriotă pentru a ocupa un post în instituțiile Uniunii face obiectul unui tratament mai favorabil articolul 27 din Legea 97 (I)/1997 se aplică fără distincție lucrătorilor independent de cetățenia lor. acest articol implică pierderea unui avantaj din cauza deciziei unui lucrător de a demisiona pericol pentru echilibrul sistemului cipriot

84 Aprecierea Curții articolul 48 TFUE presupune în special că lucrătorii migranți nu trebuie nici să piardă drepturi la prestații de securitate socială, nici să suporte o reducere a cuantumului acestora pentru că și-au exercitat dreptul la liberă circulație conferit prin tratat statele membre își păstrează competența de a-și organiza sistemele de securitate sociala ansamblul dispozițiilor din tratat referitoare la libera circulație a persoanelor urmărește facilitarea exercitării de activități profesionale de orice natură și se opune măsurilor care i-ar putea defavoriza pe lucrătorii migranți dreptul primar al Uniunii nu ar putea garanta unui asigurat că o deplasare într-un alt stat membru este neutră în materia asigurărilor sociale. articolele 45 si 48 TFUE au ca obiect în special să evite ca un lucrător care, exercitând dreptul său de liberă circulație, a lucrat în mai multe state membre să fie, fără o justificare obiectivă, tratat mai defavorabil decât cel a cărui întreagă carieră s-a desfășurat într-un singur stat membru

85 Aprecierea Curții reglementarea este susceptibilă să jeneze sau să facă mai puțin atractivă exercitarea dreptului la liberă circulație de către respectivii funcționari ciprioți. pentru ca o măsură să restrângă libera circulație, este suficient ca măsura avantajoasă să profite anumitor categorii de persoane care desfășoară o activitate profesională în statul membru în cauză. modificările aduse Legii nu înlătură orice fel de obstacol în calea liberei circulații (cei care aleg să nu își transfere drepturile la pensie; cei care au demisionat înainte de împlinirea vârstei de 45 de ani). constituie un obstacol interzis de articolul 45 TFUE

86 Aprecierea Curții o reglementare națională poate totuși constitui un obstacol justificat în calea unei libertăți fundamentale atunci când la baza acesteia stau motive de ordin economic care urmăresc un obiectiv de interes general este obligația autorităților naționale competente să dovedească ca măsura respectivă este de natură să asigure realizarea obiectivului invocat și că nu depășește ceea ce este necesar pentru atingerea acestuia (dovezi adecvate sau de o analiză obiectivă, detaliată și exprimată cifric).

87 Decizia Curții Neabrogând, cu efect retroactiv începând de la 1 mai 2004, condiția de vârstă care figurează la articolul 27 din Legea 97 (Ι)/1997, care descurajează lucrătorii să își părăsească statul lor membru de origine pentru a exercita o activitate profesională într-un alt stat membru sau în cadrul unei instituții a Uniunii sau al unei alte organizații internaționale și care are ca efect stabilirea unei inegalități de tratament între lucrătorii migranți, inclusiv cei care lucrează în instituțiile Uniunii sau în cadrul unei alte organizații internaționale, pe de o parte, și funcționarii care și-au exercitat activitatea în Cipru, pe de altă parte, Republica Cipru nu și-a îndeplinit obligațiile care îi revin în temeiul articolelor 45 TFUE și 48 TFUE, precum și al articolului 4 alineatul (3) TUE.

88 Va mulțumesc!

89 Update of social security coordination rules Regulations 883/2004 and 987/ May 2017, Bucharest Ana-Lucia Crișan Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

90 Overview of Presentation: 1. Political and Policy Context for Revision 2. Impact Assessment & Consultation 3. Overview of main changes a. Unemployment Benefits b. Access of economically inactive persons to social benefits c. Long-term care benefits d. Family Benefits e. Posted Workers f. Miscellaneous amendments 4. Recent Developments

91 Political and Policy Context for Revision The current EU's social security coordination rules have been in force since 1 st May The labour market and society are constantly evolving, as are national social security systems and the case-law of the Court. Targeted adjustments are needed to ensure that the rules are fair, simpler to apply and easier to enforce. 3

92 General Policy Objective of review To continue the modernisation of the EU Social Security Coordination Rules by: further facilitating the exercise of citizens' rights, ensuring legal clarity, ensuring a fair and equitable distribution of the financial burden and promoting administrative simplicity and enforceability of the rules. Simply: clear, fair and enforceable rules. 4

93 Impact Assessment Process Key Elements of the proposal subject to Impact Assessment (SWD 461/2016) No Impact Assessment for elements which clarify/reinforce existing obligations but still consultation with stakeholders Executive Summary of proposal available in all languages (SWD 460/2016) Positive Opinion of the Regulatory Scrutiny Board 21 January 2016 (SEC 539) 5

94 Consultation Process Consultation of social security experts in Administrative Commission June 2015: Meeting with social partners 17 June 2015: Meeting with NGOs Online public consultations 2013 & 2015

95 Overview of main changes Unemployment benefits Access of economically inactive citizens to social benefits Long-term care benefits Family benefits Social security of posted workers

96 Export: Unemployment benefits - I Extend the period of export to minimum 6 months Stronger cooperation between Member States to support and monitor jobseekers

97 Aggregation: Unemployment benefits - II Requirement to work at least three months in a new Member State before the duty to aggregate arises Where three month condition not met the former Member State of work becomes competent

98 Unemployment benefits - III Frontier workers: Provided a person has worked at least 12 months in a Member State, that Member State is responsible for paying unemployment benefits. Where 12 month period is not met, the Member State of residence would be responsible to pay.

99 Access of economically inactive citizens to social benefits Codification of CJEU case-law concerning economically inactive nationals Member States may refuse access to social security benefits if EU law criteria for legal residence are not met. Free Movement Directive criteria: having sufficient resources as not to impose a burden on host State's finances; having comprehensive sickness insurance.

100 Long-term care benefits Creation of a separate chapter, with a common definition of long-term care benefits, and criteria to identify them. Reflects existing practice that the Member State of insurance provides long-term care benefits in cash and reimburses the cost of benefits in kind provided by the Member State of residence.

101 No indexation. Family benefits Update of the rules for child-raising allowances: parent's individual right and Member States will have the option to pay them in full to both working parents.

102 Social security of posted workers Alignment of terminology concerning posting. This has no impact on scope. Clearer procedure for issuing and withdrawal of portable document A1 and stronger cooperation Extension of replacement ban to self-employed persons. Alignment of safeguards for posting in one Member State to work in two or more Member States New implementing powers to the Commission

103 Other amendments I Recovery procedure Aligns the procedures for recovery of unduly paid social security benefits with the equivalent procedures for the recovery of taxes uniform instrument to be used for enforcement measures standard procedures for requesting mutual assistance and Standard procedures for notification of instruments and decisions Off-setting procedure is extended to cases of retroactive changes in legislation

104 Other amendments - II Measures to facilitate identification of fraud or error including as regards exchange of personal data Technical amendments in response to requests from the Administrative Commission New delegated powers to Commission to amend Annexes Updates to the Annexes in response to Member State requests

105 Joint Declaration of the Council, Parliament and the Commission of the EU s legislative priorities for 2017 Social Security Coordination Proposal: One of four initiatives identified for priority treatment under the priority Addressing the social dimension of the European Union Monitored: 1. At the political level through meetings of the Presidents of the 3 Institutions in March, July and November At the technical level, by the Interinstitutional Coordination Group, meeting at senior official level 17

106 Recent Developments Proposal transmitted to European Parliament and Council of Ministers for discussion and agreement. Proposal transmitted to EESC, CoR and EDPS 8 week period for citizens to provide feedback via the Transparency Register (8/3/2017) Subsidiarity checks by National Parliaments (9/3/2017) Current rules remain in place until entry into force of the new ones.

107 To find out more atid=849&newsid=2699&furthernews=yes Thank you for your attention!