Columbia University Department of Sociology. Sociology 6070: Seminar in Social Stratification

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1 4/15/2015 Columbia University Department of Sociology Sociology 6070: Seminar in Social Stratification Spring, 2015 Class times: Tuesdays, 2:10-4pm 402 IAB Instructor: Thomas A. DiPrete Office location: 601B Knox Hall Office hours: Wednesdays, 4-6pm and by appointment Course Description: This is an advanced level graduate seminar in social stratification. The course focuses on relatively recent research, and is intended to introduce you to many of the major themes and findings in this area. As many of the central questions in higher education research are now active research sites for researchers in other social sciences as well as in sociology, the literature on this reading list is interdisciplinary whenever appropriate. The reading list is long because this area of sociology (and more broadly in the social sciences) is huge. To make the list manageable (and to make sure that some people in the room are conversant with the various readings) we ll divide up the reading assignments into students organized in groups. Groups will be expected to meet outside of class to discuss readings so that the time spent in class can benefit from these preparations. Parts of the classes will be organized by students. Student teams will be responsible for preparing discussion questions regarding the assigned readings in advance, providing a short introductory presentation about the readings, and run part of the discussion. I will of course play an active role co-leading with the teams, participating in the discussion or lecturing as appropriate to make class time as productive as possible. You are also expected to complete a term paper (of roughly 20 pages) by the end of the spring semester. I suggest that you choose one of three formats for your term paper: 1. An original research paper on a topic of interest to you. This might serve as the basis for an MA thesis, a journal submission, or a chapter of your dissertation. 2. A detailed proposal for a research project, including an extensive and critical review of the existing literature on the topic. This might serve as the basis for a grant proposal to support your dissertation research or future work. 3. A thorough analysis of the literature in a specific area (including both the readings from the syllabus and additional readings) in which you lay out the key issues, the primary arguments and perspectives, and critically assess the various contributions to the literature. This might serve as excellent preparation for the prelim exam in stratification or the sociology of education. 1

2 The prepared class presentations will contribute 25% of the grade, the term paper will contribute 65% of the grade, and class participation will contribute the final 10% of the grade for this course. Grading The prepared class presentations will contribute 30% of the grade, the term paper will contribute 60% of the grade, and class participation will contribute the final 10% of the grade for this course. Class Calendar: Summary Week Class Topic 1 Introduction 2 Income Inequality 3 The Rich 4 Poverty and the Welfare State 5 Intergenerational Mobility: Occupations/Classes 6 Intergenerational Mobility: Income 7 Parental Effects: Twins & Sibling Studies 8 Parental Investment & Socialization 9 Parents & Social Capital 10 Parents & Wealth 11 Education & Schools 12 Neighborhoods 13 Life Course Mobility/Labor Markets 14 The Welfare State & the labor Market 15 Gender 16 Race & Ethnicity 17 East Asia 18 Latin America 1 Introduction: Some framing readings Treiman. Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective. (Grusky Reader) Hodge. The Measurement of Occupational Status. (Grusky Reader) Here Hauser and Warren. Socioeconomic Indices for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique. (Grusky Reader). Sorensen. The Basic Concepts of Stratification Research: Class, Status, and Power. (Grusky Reader). Wright, Erik O Foundations of a neo-marxist Class Analysis. Pp.1-30 in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. Breen, Richard Foundations of a neo-weberian Class Analysis. Pp in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. Grusky, David Foundations of a Neo-Durkheimian Class Analysis. Pp in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. 2

3 M. Hout and T.A. DiPrete What we have learned: RC28 s contributions to knowledge about social stratification. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. 24(1): Income Inequality 2.1 Concepts, Measurement, Disciplinary Perspectives, and Trends Paul Allison Measures of Inequality. American Sociological Review 1978: DiPrete What has Sociology to Contribute to the Study of Inequality Trends? An Historical and Comparative Perspective. Special Issue of American Behavioral Scientist on inequality, edited by John Myles. 50: David A. Green Where Have All the Sociologists Gone? An Economist s Perspective. Special Issue of American Behavioral Scientist on inequality, edited by John Myles. Firebaugh, Glenn and Brian Goesling Accounting for the Recent Decline in Global Income Inequality. American Journal of Sociology 204:110: Verbakel, Ellen, and Thomas A. DiPrete The Value of Non-Work Time in Cross- National Quality of Life Comparisons: The Case of the United States vs. The Netherlands. Social Forces 87 (2): Lemieux, T. The Changing Nature of Wage Inequality. Journal of Population Economics 21, no. 1 (2008): Income Inequality in OECD Countries Tim Smeeding (Syracuse University) and Andrea Brandolini (Banca d Italia). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. (courseworks) Leslie McCall and Christine Percheski. Income inequality: New trends and research directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1): , Jun McCall, L. The Undeserving Rich: American Beliefs about Inequality, Opportunity, and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2.2 Explanations R.B. Reich, Aftershock: The next economy and America s future (Knopf, 2010). Ch. 6 The Great Prosperity: , Chapter 7 How We Got Ourselves into the Same Mess Again. Kristal, Tali, and Yinon Cohen The Causes of Rising Wage Inequality: What Do Computerization and Fading Pay-Setting Institutions Do? Available at SSRN id= Kristal, Tali The Capitalist Machine: Computerization, Workers Power, and the Decline in Labor s Share within US Industries. American Sociological Review 78 (3): Claudia Dale Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz. The Race between Education and Technology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., Ch. 9 How America Once Led and Can Win the Race for Tomorrow. Pp (courseworks). Weeden, Kim A. Why Do Some Occupations Pay More Than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 108, no. 1 (2002):

4 Lin, Ken-Hou, and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey Financialization and US Income Inequality, American Journal of Sociology 118 (5): Tomaskovic-Devey, D., and K.-H. Lin Income Dynamics, Economic Rents, and the Financialization of the U.S. Economy. American Sociological Review 76 (4): Liu, Yujia, and David B. Grusky The Payoff to Skill in the Third Industrial Revolution. American Journal of Sociology 118 (5): Mouw, Ted, and Arne L. Kalleberg Occupations and the Structure of Wage Inequality in the United States, 1980s to 2000s. American Sociological Review 75 (3): Western, B., and J. Rosenfeld. Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality. American Sociological Review 76, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): Piketty, Thomas Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. First Edition edition. Cambridge Massachusetts: Belknap Press. 2.3 The Rich (or, Inequality, Part II) Description High Incomes and Inequality Andrew Leigh (Australian National University). Oxford Handbook of Income Inequality. Burkhauser, Richard V., Shuaizhang Feng, Stephen P. Jenkins, and Jeff Larrimore Recent Trends in Top Income Shares in the United States: Reconciling Estimates from March CPS and IRS Tax Return Data. Review of Economics and Statistics 94 (2): Piketty, Thomas and Emmanuel Saez, 2006a. The Evolution of Top Incomes: A Historical and International Perspective, American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 96(2): Bakija, J., A. Cole, and B.T. Heim. Jobs and Income Growth of Top Earners and the Causes of Changing Income Inequality: Evidence from US Tax Return Data. Department of Economics Working Papers (2010). (courseworks) Explanation Frank, R. H., and P. J. Cook The Winner-take-all Society: Why the Few at the Top Get so Much More Than the Rest of Us. New York: Penguin Books. Rosen, Sherwin (1981). The Economics of Superstars. American Economic Review 71: Hacker, J. S., and P. Pierson. Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class. Simon & Schuster, Gabaix, Xaviar, and Augustin Landier Why Has CEO Pay Increased So Much? Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 1 (2008): DiPrete, T. A, G. M Eirich, and M. Pittinsky. Compensation Benchmarking, Leapfrogs, and the Surge in Executive Pay. American Journal of Sociology 115, no. 6 (2010): Volscho, T. W., and N. J. Kelly. The Rise of the Super-Rich: Power Resources, Taxes, Financial Markets, and the Dynamics of the Top 1 Percent, 1949 to American Sociological Review 77, no. 5 (September 30, 2012):

5 Piketty, Thomas Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Chapter 9. Inequality of Labor Income. 2.4 Poverty & the Welfare State Esping-Andersen, Gøsta The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Ch. 3. The Welfare State as a System of Social Stratification. Brady, David The Welfare State and Relative Poverty in Rich Western Democracies, Social Forces 83 (4): Krugman, Paul. Blog posting. The Welfare State: An Overview. Irwin Garfinkel, Lee Rainwater, and Timothy Smeeding Welfare State Expenditures and the Redistribution of Well-Being: Children, Elders, and Others in Comparative Perspective. LIS Working Paper Series, Working Paper No Brian Nolan and Ive Marx. Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Social Exclusion. Ch 13. Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. Jane Waldfogel Ten Years Later, Did the Reforms Reduce Child Poverty? Chapter 6 in Britain s War on Poverty. New York: Russell Sage. Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger Changing Poverty and Changing Antipoverty Policies. Chapter 1 in Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger. Changing poverty, changing policies. New York, Russell Sage Foundation. Meyer, Daniel R. and Geoffrey L. Wallace Poverty Levels and Trends in Comparative Perspective. Pp in Changing Poverty, Changing Policies, edited by Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Cancian, Maria. and Geoffrey L. Wallace Family Structure, Childbearing, and Parental Employment: Implications for the Level and Trend in Poverty Pp in Changing Poverty, Changing Policies, edited by Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Cancian, M., and D. Reed. Changes in Family Structure: Implications for Poverty and Related Policy. Understanding Poverty, 2001, Blank, Rebecca Economic Change and the Structure of Opportunity for Less-Skilled Workers. Pp in Changing Poverty, Changing Policies, edited by Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Gornick, Janet C., and Markus Jäntti. Child Poverty in Cross-National Perspective: Lessons from the Luxembourg Income Study. Children and Youth Services Review 34, no. 3 (2012): Brady, David, and Rebekah Burroway. Targeting, Universalism, and Single-Mother Poverty: A Multilevel Analysis across 18 Affluent Democracies. Demography 49, no. 2 (2012):

6 3 Intergenerational Mobility & Status Attainment 3.1 Levels & Trends Education and Occupation/ Class Mobility Blau and Duncan Ch 5. The Process of Stratification in The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley Sewell, William H., Archibald O. Haller, and Alejandro Portes The Educational and Early Occupational Attainment Process. American Sociological Review, Featherman, David L., and Robert Mason Hauser A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility, in Opportunity and Change. New York: Academic Press. Erikson, Robert, and John H. Goldthorpe (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Oxford: Clarendon Press, chapters 1 and 2. Harry B. G. Ganzeboom, Donald J. Treiman, and Wout C. Ultee. Comparative intergenerational stratification research: Three generations and beyond. Annual Review of Sociology, 17: , Ganzeboom, Luijkx and Treiman Intergenerational Class Mobility in Comparative Perspective, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility :3-84. Richard Breen and Jan O. Jonsson Inequality of Opportunity in Comparative Perspective: Recent Research on Educational Attainment and Social Mobility. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol 31 R. Breen, R. Luijkx, W. Müller, and R. Pollak. Non-persistent inequality in educational attainment: evidence from eight European countries. American Journal of Sociology, 114(5): , Reardon, Sean F The Widening Income Achievement Gap. Educational Leadership 70 (8): E. Beller. Bringing Intergenerational Social Mobility Research into the Twenty-first Century: Why Mothers Matter. American Sociological Review, 74(4):507, Torche, Florencia. Intergenerational Mobility and Inequality: The Latin American Case. Annual Review of Sociology 40, no. 1 (July 30, 2014): Income Mobility Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, edited by Miles Corak. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anders Björklund and Markus Jäntti. Intergenerational mobility of socioeconomic status in comparative perspective Journal of Economic Literature. Intergenerational Economic Inequality Anders Bjorklund (Stockholm University) and Markus Jäntti (UNU WIDER). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality S.E. Mayer. What money can t buy: Family income and children s life chances. Harvard Univ Pr, Ch 3. How Rich and Poor Children Differ. Ch. 9 Helping Poor Children. S.E. Mayer and L.M. Lopoo. Has the intergenerational transmission of economic status changed? Journal of Human Resources, 40(1):169,

7 D.J. Harding, C. Jencks, L.M. Lopoo, and S.E. Mayer. The changing effect of family background on the incomes of American adults. Ann Arbor, 1001: C.I. Lee and G. Solon. Trends in intergenerational income mobility. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4): , R. Erikson and J.H. Goldthorpe. Income and Class Mobility Between Generations in Great Britain: The Problem of Divergent Findings from the Datasets of Birth Cohort Studies. British Journal of Sociology, forthcoming, Jäntti, Markus, Bernt Bratsberg, Knut Røed, Oddbjørn Raaum, Robin Naylor, Eva Österbacka, and Anders Björk. American Exeptionalism in a New Light: A Comparison of Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in the Nordic Countries, the United Kingdom and the United States. Memorandum, Department of Economics, University of Oslo, Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, and Nicholas Turner. Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility. National Bureau of Economic Research, Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez. Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. National Bureau of Economic Research, Weeden, Kim A., and David B. Grusky. The Three Worlds of Inequality. American Journal of Sociology 117, no. 6 (2012): Mechanisms & Institutions 4.1 Parental Effects and other findings from Twins and Sibling Studies R.M. Hauser and P.A. Mossel. Fraternal resemblance in educational attainment and occupational status. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3): , A. Björklund, L. Lindahl, and M.J. Lindquist. What More Than Parental Income? An exploration of what Swedish siblings get from their parents. IZA discussion paper 3735, 2008 A. Björklund, K. Hederos Eriksson, and M. Jäntti. IQ and Family Background: Are Associations Strong or Weak? IZA Discussion Papers, John Ermisch and Chiara Pronzato, Causal Effects of Parents Education on Children s Education, in Intergenerational Mobility Within and Across Nations: The Transmission of Advantage or Disadvantage Across the Life-Course (Robert Erikson, Markus Jantti, Tim Smeeding, editors). New York: Russell Sage Foundation, forthcoming H. Holmlund, M. Lindahl, and E. Plug, The causal effect of parent s schooling on children s schooling: a comparison of estimation methods. 4.2 Parental Investment, Socialization, and Cultural Capital Lareau, Annette Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Kathy Edin and Maria Kefalas. Promises I Can Keep: Why Poor Women Put Motherhood before Marriage. Berekely, CA: University of California Press. 7

8 Frank Furstenberg. The challenges of finding causal links between family characteristics and educational outcomes. Brookings Institution working paper, October T.M. Smeeding, I. Garfinkel, and R.B. Mincy. Young Disadvantaged Men: Fathers, Families, Poverty, and Policy An Introduction to the Issues Khan, Shamus Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St. Paul s School. Princeton University Press, Parents and Social Capital. Coleman, James Social Capital and the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology. 94: S95-S120. Lin, Nan (1999). Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology 25: Mouw, Ted (2003). Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter? American Sociological Review 68: Ted Mouw. Estimating the causal effect of social capital: A review of recent research. Annual Review of Sociology, 32(1):79 102, Aug Parents and Wealth Spilerman. Seymour Wealth and Stratification Processes. Annual Review of Sociology 26: Dalton Conley Being Black, Living in the Red (selections). S. Spilerman. The Impact of Parental Wealth on Early Living Standards in Israel1. American Journal of Sociology, 110(1):92 122, F. Torche and S. Spilerman. Intergenerational Influences of Wealth in Mexico. Latin American Research Review, 44(3):75 101, J.R. Morillas. Assets, earnings mobility and the black/white gap. Social Science Research, 36(2): , S.L. Morgan and J.C. Scott. Intergenerational transfers and the prospects for increasing wealth inequality. Social Science Research, 36(3): , I.R. Akresh. Wealth accumulation among US immigrants: A study of assimilation and differentials. Social Science Research, Education, Schools & PreSchools Glen G. Cain and Harold W. Watts. Problems in making policy inferences from the Coleman report. American Sociological Review, 35(2): , JS Coleman. Reply to cain and watts. American Sociological Review, 35(2): , Raftery, Adrian E., and Michael Hout Maximally Maintained Inequality: Educational Stratification in Ireland. Sociology of Education, 66, 1:

9 Heckman, James J., Seong Hyeok Moon, Rodrigo Pinto, Peter A. Savelyev, and Adam Yavitz. The Rate of Return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program. Journal of Public Economics 94, no. 1 (2010): Heckman, James J. Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children. Science 312, no (2006): P Oreopoulos and KG Salvanes. How large are returns to schooling? Hint: Money isn t everything. NBER Working Paper, D. A Black and J. A Smith, Estimating the returns to college quality with multiple proxies for quality, Journal of Labor Economics 24, no. 3 (2006): M. Hoekstra, The effect of attending the flagship state university on earnings: A discontinuitybased approach, The Review of Economics and Statistics 91, no. 4 (2009): Andrews, Rodney J., Jing Li, and Michael F. Lovenheim. Quantile Treatment Effects of College Quality on Earnings: Evidence from Administrative Data in Texas. National Bureau of Economic Research, Legewie, J., and T. A. DiPrete. School Context and the Gender Gap in Educational Achievement. American Sociological Review (April 4, 2012). Hanushek, Eric A., and Steven G. Rivkin. Generalizations About Using Value-added Measures of Teacher Quality. The American Economic Review 100, no. 2 (2010): Brand, J. E, and Y. Xie. Who Benefits Most from College?: Evidence for Negative Selection in Heterogeneous Economic Returns to Higher Education. American Sociological Review 75, no. 2 (April 2010): Dale, Stacy, and Alan B. Krueger. Estimating the Return to College Selectivity over the Career Using Administrative Earnings Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, Hout, Michael. Social and Economic Returns to College Education in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology 38, no. 1 (August 11, 2012): Neighborhoods and Geography Sampson, Robert J., and Patrick Sharkey. Neighborhood Selection and the Social Reproduction of Concentrated Racial Inequality. Demography 45, no. 1 (2008): Sampson, Robert J. Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. University of Chicago Press, Wodtke, G. T., D. J. Harding, and F. Elwert. Neighborhood Effects in Temporal Perspective The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Concentrated Disadvantage on High School Graduation. American Sociological Review 76, no. 5 (2011): Sharkey, P. T. Navigating Dangerous Streets: The Sources and Consequences of Street Efficacy. American Sociological Review 71, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): Sampson, Robert J. Moving to Inequality: Neighborhood Effects and Experiments Meet Social Structure. American Journal of Sociology 114, no. 1 (2008):

10 Burdick-Will, J., J. Ludwig, S. W Raudenbush, R. J Sampson, L. Sanbonmatsu, and P. Sharkey. Congerging Evidence for Neighborhood Effects on Children s Test Scores: An Experimental, Quasi-experimental, and Observational Comparison. In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children s Life Chances, edited by Greg Duncan and Richard J. Murnane, New York and Chicago: Russell Sage Foundation and Spencer Foundation, Harding, D., L. Gennetian, C. Winship, L. Sanbonmatsu, and Jeffery Kling. Unpacking Neighborhood Influences on School Outcomes: Setting the Stage for Future Research. In Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children s Life Chances, edited by Greg Duncan and Richard J. Murnane, New York and Chicago: Russell Sage Foundation and Spencer Foundation, Ludwig, Jens, Greg J. Duncan, Lisa A. Gennetian, Lawrence F. Katz, Ronald C. Kessler, Jeffrey R. Kling, and Lisa Sanbonmatsu. Neighborhood Effects on the Long-term Well-being of Low-income Adults. Science 337, no (2012): Intragenerational Mobility 5.1 Life Course Mobility and the Labor Market Karl Ulrich Mayer s Life Courses and Life Chances in a Comparative Perspective. Pp in Analyzing Inequality: Life Chances and Social Mobility in Comparative Perspective, edited by Stephen Svallfors. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Spilerman, Seymour (1977). Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomic achievement. American Journal of Sociology 83: Rosenfeld, Rachel A. (1992). Job Mobility and Career Processes. Annual Review of Sociology 18: Intragenerational Inequality and Intertemporal Mobility Rich Burkhauser (Cornell) and Ken Couch (University of Connecticut). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality Allison, Paul D., J. Scott Long, and T.K. Krauze (1982). Cumulative advantage and inequality in science. American Sociological Review 47: DiPrete, Thomas A., and Gregory M. Eirich (2006). Cumulative Advantage as a Mechanism for Inequality: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments. Annual Review of Sociology 32: Brand, Jennie E. (2006). The effects of job displacement on job quality: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 24: Warren, John Robert, Robert M. Hauser, and Jennifer T. Sheridan Occupational Stratification Across the Life Course: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. American Sociological Research. 67: Weeden, Kim A. (2002). Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 108: Ishida, Hiroshi, Kuo Hsien-Su, and Seymour Spilerman (2002). Models of Career Advancement in Organizations. European Sociological Review 18:

11 Sørensen, Aage B. (1983). Processes of allocation to open and closed positions in social structure. Zeitschrift für Soziologie 12: Kalleberg, Arne L., Barbara F. Reskin, and Ken Hudson Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States. American Sociological Review 65: K.U. Mayer. New directions in life course research. Annual Review of Sociology, 35: , Stainback, Kevin, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey, and Sheryl Skaggs. Organizational Approaches to Inequality: Inertia, Relative Power, and Environments. Annual Review of Sociology 36 (1) (2010): 225. Avent-Holt, D., and D. Tomaskovic-Devey. The Relational Basis of Inequality: Generic and Contingent Wage Distribution Processes. Work and Occupations 37 (2): The Welfare State and the Labor Market Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn (1999). Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market. Pp in Orley Ashenfelter and David Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics. Volume 3A. Amsterdam: Elsevier. DiPrete, Thomas A Life Course Risks, Mobility Regimes, and Mobility Consequences: A Comparison of Sweden, Germany, and the U.S. American Journal of Sociology. 108: Gangl, Markus Welfare states and the scar effects of unemployment: A comparative analysis of the United States and West Germany. American Journal of Sociology 109: DiPrete, Thomas A., and Patricia A. McManus (2000). Family change, employment transitions, and the welfare state: Household income dynamics in the United States and Germany. American Sociological Review 65: Hannah Brückner. Gender Inequality in the Life Course: Social Change and Stability in West Germany New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Moller, Stephanie, David Bradley, Evelyn Huber, François Nielsen, and John D. Stephens (2003). Determinants of relative poverty in advanced capitalist democracies. American Sociological Review 68: Korpi. Welfare-State Regress in Western Europe: Politics, Institutions, Globalization, and Europeanization. Annual Review of Sociology (2003) 29: Group-Level Stratification Processes 6.1 Gender R. L Nelson and W. P Bridges Legalizing Gender Inequality: Courts, Markets, and Unequal Pay for Women in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sigle-Rushton, Wendy and Jane Waldfogel Family Gaps in Income: A Cross-National Comparision. LIS Working Paper No

12 England, Paula (2005). Gender Inequality in Labor Markets: The Role of Motherhood and Segregation. Social Politics 12: Gornick, Janet and Marcia Meyers Families that Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment. Ch 3. The United States in Cross-National Perspective: Are Parents and Children Doing Better Elsewhere. Charles, Mariah and David Grusky Occupational Ghettos. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Mandel, Hadas, and Moshe Semyonov (2005). Family Policies, Wage Structures, and Gender Gaps: Sources of Earnings Inequality in 20 Countries. American Sociological Review 70: Mandel, Hadas Winners and Losers: The Consequences of Welfare State Policies for Gender Wage Inequality. European Sociological Review 28 (2): Annemette Sorensen Family Structure, Gender Roles, and Social Inequality. Pp in Analyzing Inequality: Life Chances and Social Mobility in Comparative Perspective, edited by Stephen Svallfors. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Jacobs, Jerry A. (1989). Long-Term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex. American Journal of Sociology 95: Cha, Youngjoo, and Kim A. Weeden. Overwork and the Slow Convergence in the Gender Gap in Wages. American Sociological Review, 2014, Race and Ethnicity Barrett, Alan, John Fitzgerald, and Brian Nolan Earnings Inequality, Returns to Education, and Immigration into Ireland. IZA Discussion Paper No Borjas, George, Richard Freeman, and Larry Katz How Much do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 1: Markus M Grabka, Johannes Schwarze, and Gert G Wagner How unification and immigration affected the German income distribution. European Economic Review, : Pager, Devah and H. Shepherd. The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 34: , Other World Areas 7.1 East Asia Bian, Yanjie Bringing Strong Ties Back In: Indirect Connection, Bridges, and Job Search in China. American Sociological Review 62: Zhou, Xueguang Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data. American Journal of Sociology 105: See also the debate with Cao and Nee in the same issue of AJS. Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949 to Walder, Andrew G. Li, Bobai., Treiman, Donald J, American Sociological Review, 2000, 65, 2, Apr,

13 Walder, Andrew Markets and Inequality in Transitional Economies: Toward Testable Theories. American Journal of Sociology 101: Walder, Andrew G Elite Opportunity in Transitional Economies. American Sociological Review 68: Income Attainment during Transformation Processes: A Meta-Analysis of the Market Transition Theory. Verhoeven, Willem-Jan; Jansen, Wim; Dessens, Jos, European Sociological Review, 2005, 21, 3, July, Temporal and Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality: Urban China in Transition between 1988 and 1995 Hauser, Seth M; Yu, Xie, Social Science Research, 2005, 34, 1, Mar, The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China: Wu, Xiaogang; Treiman, Donald J, Demography, 2004, 41, 2, May, Chinese Social Stratification and Social Mobility Bian, Yanjie, Annual Review of Sociology, 2002, 28, The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends in Educational Attainment in the People s Republic of China. Deng, Zhong; Treiman, Donald J, American Journal of Sociology, 1997, 103, 2, Sept, Industrialization, Class Structure, and Social Mobility in Postwar Japan. Ishida, Hiroshi, British Journal of Sociology, 2001, 52, 4, Dec, Gender Inequality in the Japanese Occupational Structure: A Cross-National Comparison with Great Britain and the United States. Shirahase, Sawako; Ishida, Hiroshi, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1994, 35, 3-4, Sept-Dec, Gender Stratification in Contemporary Urban Japan. Brinton, Mary C, American Sociological Review, 1989, 54, 4, Aug, Latin America Torche, Florencia, Unequal but Fluid: Social Mobility in Chile in Comparative Perspective. American Sociological Review, 70: Behrman, Jere; Alejandro Gaviria y Miguel Szekely Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America Working Paper #452, Research Department, Inter American Development Bank. Birsdall, Nancy and Carol Graham eds New Markets, New Opportunities? Economic and Social Mobility in a Changing World. Washington DC: Brookings. Bourguignon,François; Francisco Ferreira and Marta Menéndez Inequality of Outcomes, Inequality of Opportunities and Intergenerational Education. Working Paper World Bank. Dahan, Momi y Alejandro Gaviria Sibling Correlations and Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America Economic Development and Cultural Change 49 (3): Nunez, Javier and Leslie Miranda Recent Findings on Intergenerational Income and Educational Mobility in Chile. Mimeo, Department of Economics, Universidad de Chile. Portes, Alejandro and Kelly Hoffman Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change During the Neoliberal Era. Latin-American Research Review 38 (1):

14 Hoffman, Kelly and Miguel Angel Centeno The Lopsided Continent: Inequality in Latin America. Annual Review of Sociology 29: De Ferranti, D., F. Ferreira, G. Perry and M. Walton Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean. Breaking with History?, World Bank: Washington DC. 14