University of Wisconsin - Madison Department of Sociology. Sociology 923: Seminar in Social Stratification

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1 University of Wisconsin - Madison Department of Sociology Sociology 923: Seminar in Social Stratification Fall, 2010 Class times: Wednesdays: 2:25-5:25pm Thomas A. DiPrete Office location: 4446 Sewell Social Science Building tdiprete@ssc.wisc.edu Office hours: Thursdays, 2-4pm Course Description: This is an advanced level graduate seminar in social stratification. The course focuses on relatively recent research, and is intended to introduce you to many of the major themes and findings in this area. As many of the central questions in stratification research are now active research sites for researchers in other social sciences as well as in sociology, the literature on this reading list is interdisciplinary whenever appropriate. Twelve class sessions will be run by student teams of 2-3 people. Each student will participate in two of these teams during the course of the semester. The teams are responsible for preparing discussion questions regarding the assigned readings in advance, providing a short introductory presentation about the readings, and running the discussion. They are also expected to complete the optional readings and integrate them into the session as seems suitable. For class distribution via the Learn@UW platform, the presentation and discussion questions should be submitted to me via or the Learn@UW dropbox by noon on class day at the very latest. Students not responsible for running a specific session are expected to prepare at least one discussion question and to be prepared to discuss the readings in general. To have you allocated to teams and topics of your choice, please send me your top five preferences (in rank order) by or via the Learn@UW dropbox by September 15. You are also expected to complete a term paper (of roughly pages) by XXXX. I suggest that you choose one of three formats for your term paper: 1. An original research paper on a topic of interest to you. This might serve as the basis for an MA thesis, a journal submission, or a chapter of your dissertation. 2. A detailed proposal for a research project, including an extensive and critical review of the existing literature on the topic. This might serve as the basis for a grant proposal to support your dissertation research or future work. 3. A thorough analysis of the literature in a specific area (including both the readings from the syllabus and additional readings) in which you lay out the key issues, the primary arguments and perspectives, and critically assess the various contributions to the literature. This might serve as excellent preparation for the prelim exam in stratification. 1

2 There are more topics listed below than we have weeks in the semester. We will select a subset of these topics to cover in the course, using input from students who are preparing the presentation. Grading The prepared class presentations will contribute 30% of the grade, the term paper will contribute 60% of the grade, and class participation will contribute the final 10% of the grade for this course. Class Calendar: Summary Week Class Topic 1 Introduction 2 Income Inequality 3 The Rich 4 Poverty and the Welfare State 5 Intergenerational Mobility: Occupations/Classes 6 Intergenerational Mobility: Income 7 Parental Effects: Twins & Sibling Studies 8 Parental Investment & Socialization 9 Parents & Social Capital 10 Parents & Wealth 11 Education & Schools 12 Neighborhoods 13 Life Course Mobility/Labor Markets 14 The Welfare State & the labor Market 15 Gender 16 Race & Ethnicity 17 East Asia 18 Latin America 1 Introduction: Some framing readings Treiman. Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective. (Grusky Reader) Hodge. The Measurement of Occupational Status. (Grusky Reader) Here (*) Hauser and Warren. Socioeconomic Indices for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique. (Grusky Reader). (*) Sorensen. The Basic Concepts of Stratification Research: Class, Status, and Power. (Grusky Reader). (*) Wright, Erik O Foundations of a neo-marxist Class Analysis. Pp.1-30 in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. (*) Breen, Richard Foundations of a neo-weberian Class Analysis. Pp in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. (*) Grusky, David Foundations of a Neo-Durkheimian Class Analysis. Pp in Erik O. Wright (ed.) Approaches to Class Analysis. Cambridge UP. 2

3 (*) M. Hout and T.A. DiPrete What we have learned: RC28 s contributions to knowledge about social stratification. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. 24(1): Income Inequality 2.1 Concepts, Measurement, and Trends (*) Paul Allison Measures of Inequality. American Sociological Review 1978: (*) Martina Morris and Bruce Western Inequality in Earnings at the Close of the Twentieth Century. Annual Review of Sociology 25: DiPrete What has Sociology to Contribute to the Study of Inequality Trends? An Historical and Comparative Perspective. Special Issue of American Behavioral Scientist on inequality, edited by John Myles. 50: David A. Green Where Have All the Sociologists Gone? An Economist s Perspective. American Behavioral Scientist. (*) Alderson, Arthur and Francois Nielsen Globalization and the Great U-Turn: Income Inequality Trends in 16 OECD Countries. American Journal of Sociology 107: Gottschalk, Peter, and Timothy Smeeding Empirical Evidence on Income Inequality in Industrialized Countries. Pp in Handbook of Income Distribution, Volume I. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Atkinson, Anthony Income Inequality in OECD Countries: Data and Explanations. (*) Income Inequality in OECD Countries Tim Smeeding (Syracuse University) and Andrea Brandolini (Banca d Italia). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. (*) Easterlin, Richard The Worldwide Standard of Living since Journal of Economic Perspectives. 14:7-26. (*) Firebaugh, Glenn The Trend in Between-Nation Income Inequality. Annual Review of Sociology 26: Firebaugh, Glenn and Brian Goesling Accounting for the Recent Decline in Global Income Inequality. American Journal of Sociology 204:110: Spilerman. Seymour Wealth and Stratification Processes. Annual Review of Sociology 26: The Rich (*) High Incomes and Inequality Andrew Leigh (Australian National University). Oxford Handbook of Income Inequality. (*) Burkhauser, Feng, Jenkins, and Larrimore] R.V. Burkhauser, S. Feng, S.P. Jenkins, and J. Larrimore. Recent trends in top income shares in the USA: reconciling estimates from March CPS and IRS tax return data. NBER Working Paper, (*) Piketty, Thomas and Emmanuel Saez, 2006a. The Evolution of Top Incomes: A Historical and International Perspective, American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 96(2):

4 2.3 Poverty & the Welfare State (*) Esping-Andersen, Gøsta The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Ch. 3. The Welfare State as a System of Social Stratification. (*) Irwin Garfinkel, Lee Rainwater, and Timothy Smeeding Welfare State Expenditures and the Redistribution of Well-Being: Children, Elders, and Others in Comparative Perspective. LIS Working Paper Series, Working Paper No (*) L. Scruggs and J.P. Allan. The material consequences of welfare states: benefit generosity and absolute poverty in 16 OECD countries. Comparative Political Studies, 39(7):880, (*) Lane Kenworthy Egalitarian Capitalism: Jobs, Incomes, and Growth in Affluent Countries. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Chapter 6, An Equality-Incomes Tradeoff? (*) Brian Nolan and Ive Marx. Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Social Exclusion. Ch 13. Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. (*) Francisco H.G. Ferreira and Martin Ravallion. Poverty and Inequality: The Global Context. Ch 24 in Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality. (*) Jane Waldfogel Ten Years Later, Did the Reforms Reduce Child Poverty? Chapter 6 in Britain s War on Poverty. New York: Russell Sage. (*) Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger Changing Poverty and Changing Antipoverty Policies. Chapter 1 in Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger. Changing poverty, changing policies. New York, Russell Sage Foundation. Swabish and Smeeding. Income Distribution and Social Expenditures: A Cross-National Perspective. LIS Working Paper Series, working paper No Korpi, Walter and Joakim Palme New Politics and Class Politics in the Context of Austerity and Globalization: Welfare State Regress in 18 Countries, American Political Science Review 97: Korpi, Walter and Joakim Palme The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Democracies. American Sociological Review 63: Johan Fritzel and Veli-Matti Ritakallio Societal Shifts and Changed Patterns of Poverty. LIS Working Paper 393. Mary Jo Bane and Rene Zenteno Poverty and Place in North America. LIS Working paper 418. Theresa Munzi and Timothy Smeeding Conditions of Social Vulnerability, Work, and Low Income: Evidence for Spain in Comparative Perspective. LIS Working Paper No Matthew Weinshenker, Patrick Heuveline The International Child Poverty Gap: Does Demography Matter? LIS Working Paper No. 441 Social Protection Committee Report on Indicators in the Field of Poverty and Social Inclusion Council on the European Union Joint Report on Social Protection and Social Inclusion. European Commission Portfolio of Overarching Indicators and Streamlined Social Inclusion, Pensions, and Health Portfolios. Pontusson, Jonas Inequality and Prosperity: Social Europe vs. Liberal America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 4

5 3 Intergenerational Mobility & Status Attainment 3.1 Levels & Trends Occupation/ Class Mobility Blau and Duncan Ch 5. The Process of Stratification (Grusky Reader) Featherman and Hauser. A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility. (Grusky Reader) Harry B. G. Ganzeboom, Donald J. Treiman, and Wout C. Ultee. Comparative intergenerational stratification research: Three generations and beyond. Annual Review of Sociology, 17: , *Erikson, Robert, and John H. Goldthorpe (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Oxford: Clarendon Press, chapter 2. Richard Breen and Jan O. Jonsson Inequality of Opportunity in Comparative Perspective: Recent Research on Educational Attainment and Social Mobility. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol 31 Ganzeboom, Luijkx and Treiman Intergenerational Class Mobility in Comparative Perspective, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility :3-84. Erikson and Goldthorpe The Constant Flux. New York: Oxford University Press. Breen, Richard Social Mobility in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Michael Income Mobility Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, edited by Miles Corak. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Anders Björklund* and Markus Jäntti. Intergenerational mobility of socioeconomic status in comparative perspective Journal of Economic Literature. Intergenerational Economic Inequality Anders Bjorklund (Stockholm University) and Markus Jäntti (UNU WIDER). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality Mechanisms & Institutions 4.1 Parental Effects and other findings from Twins and Sibling Studies R.M. Hauser and P.A. Mossel. Fraternal resemblance in educational attainment and occupational status. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3): , John Ermisch and Chiara Pronzato. Causal effects of parents education on children s education (and indications of why they exist). unpublished manuscript, Parental Investment and Socialization Lareau, Annette Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life Frank Furstenberg. The challenges of finding causal links betweem family characteristics and educational outcomes. Brookings Institution working paper, October T.M. Smeeding, I. Garfinkel, and R.B. Mincy. Young Disadvantaged Men: Fathers, Families, Poverty, and Policy An Introduction to the Issues

6 4.3 Parents and Social Capital. Coleman, James Social Capital and the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology. 94: S95-S120. Lin, Nan (1999). Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology 25: Mouw, Ted (2003). Social Capital and Finding a Job: Do Contacts Matter? American Sociological Review 68: Ted Mouw. Estimating the causal effect of social capital: A review of recent research. Annual Review of Sociology, 32(1):79 102, Aug Parents and Wealth 4.5 Education & Schools Raftery, Adrian E., and Michael Hout Maximally Maintained Inequality: Educational Stratification in Ireland. Sociology of Education, 66, 1: Shavit and Blossfeld Persistent Inequality: Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries. Boulder: Westview. Glen G. Cain and Harold W. Watts. Problems in making policy inferences from the coleman report. American Sociological Review, 35(2): , ISSN URL JS Coleman. Reply to cain and watts. American Sociological Review, 35(2): , Hægeland, Raaum, and Salvanes] T Hægeland, O Raaum, and KG Salvanes. Pupil achievement, school resources and family background. D Card and AB Krueger. Does school quality matter? returns to education and the characteristics of public schools in the United States. Journal of Political Economy, 100(1):1 40, T Fuchs and L Woessmann. What accounts for international differences in student performance? a re-examination using pisa data. Empirical Economics, 32(2): , P Oreopoulos and KG Salvanes. How large are returns to schooling? hint: Money isn t everything. NBER Working Paper, T Fuchs and L Woessmann. What accounts for international differences in student performance? a re-examination using pisa data. Empirical Economics, 32(2): , How Well do We Understand Achievement Gaps? Erik Hanushek. Paper presented at the Summer Research Institute, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin - Madison. Gerber, Theodore P. and Sin Yi Cheung Horizontal Stratification in Education. Annual Review of Sociology. Forthcoming. Gamoran, Adam American Schooling and Educational Inequality: A Forecast for the 21st Century. SOE. 74: Special Issue 2001:

7 4.6 Neighborhoods R[obert] J. Sampson, J[effrey] D. Morenoff, and T[homas] Gannon-Rowley. Assessing neighborhood effects : Social processes and new directions in research. Annual Review of Sociology, 28: , J. MacLeod. Ain t no makin it: Aspirations and attainment in a low-income neighborhood. Westview Press, Intragenerational Mobility 5.1 Life Course Mobility and the Labor Market Karl Ulrich Mayer s Life Courses and Life Chances in a Comparative Perspective. Pp in Analyzing Inequality: Life Chances and Social Mobility in Comparative Perspective, edited by Stephen Svallfors. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Spilerman, Seymour (1977). Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomic achievement. American Journal of Sociology 83: Rosenfeld, Rachel A. (1992). Job Mobility and Career Processes. Annual Review of Sociology 18: Intragenerational Inequality and Intertemporal Mobility Rich Burkhauser (Cornell) and Ken Couch (University of Connecticut). Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality Allison, Paul D., J. Scott Long, and T.K. Krauze (1982). Cumulative advantage and inequality in science. American Sociological Review 47: DiPrete, Thomas A., und Gregory M. Eirich (2006). Cumulative Advantage as a Mechanism for Inequality: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Developments. Annual Review of Sociology 32: Brand, Jennie E. (2006). The effects of job displacement on job quality: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 24: Warren, John Robert, Robert M. Hauser, and Jennifer T. Sheridan Occupational Stratification Across the Life Course: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. American Sociological Research. 67: Rosen, Sherwin (1981). The Economics of Superstars. American Economic Review 71: Weeden, Kim A. (2002). Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States. American Journal of Sociology 108: Ishida, Hiroshi, Kuo Hsien-Su, and Seymour Spilerman (2002). Models of Career Advancement in Organizations. European Sociological Review 18: Sørensen, Aage B. (1983). Processes of allocation to open and closed positions in social structure. Zeitschrift für Soziologie 12: Kalleberg, Arne L., Barbara F. Reskin, and Ken Hudson Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States. American Sociological Review 65: K.U. Mayer. New directions in life course research. Annual Review of Sociology, 35: ,

8 5.2 The Welfare State and the Labor Market *Blau, Francine D., and Lawrence M. Kahn (1999). Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market. Pp in Orley Ashenfelter and David Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics. Volume 3A. Amsterdam: Elsevier. DiPrete, Thomas A Life Course Risks, Mobility Regimes, and Mobility Consequences: A Comparison of Sweden, Germany, and the U.S. American Journal of Sociology. 108: Gangl, Markus Welfare states and the scar effects of unemployment: A comparative analysis of the United States and West Germany. American Journal of Sociology 109: DiPrete, Thomas A., und Patricia A. McManus (2000). Family change, employment transitions, and the welfare state: Household income dynamics in the United States and Germany. American Sociological Review 65: Hannah Brückner. Gender Inequality in the Life Course: Social Change and Stability in West Germany New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Moller, Stephanie, David Bradley, Evelyn Huber, François Nielsen, and John D. Stephens (2003). Determinants of relative poverty in advanced capitalist democracies. American Sociological Review 68: Group-Level Stratification Processes 6.1 Gender Sigle-Rushton, Wendy and Jane Waldfogel Family Gaps in Income: A Cross-National Comparision. LIS Working Paper No England, Paula (2005). Gender Inequality in Labor Markets: The Role of Motherhood and Segregation. Social Politics 12: Gornick, Janet and Marcia Meyers Families that Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment. Ch 3. The United States in Cross-National Perspective: Are Parents and Children Doing Better Elsewhere. Ellen Verbakel and T. DiPrete. Non-Working Time, Income Inequality, and Quality of Life Comparisons? The Case of the U.S. vs. the Netherlands Charles, Mariah and David Grusky Occupational Ghettos. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Mandel, Hadas, and Moshe Semyonov (2005). Family Policies, Wage Structures, and Gender Gaps: Sources of Earnings Inequality in 20 Countries. American Sociological Review 70: Annemette Sorensen Family Structure, Gender Roles, and Social Inequality. Pp in Analyzing Inequality: Life Chances and Social Mobility in Comparative Perspective, edited by Stephen Svallfors. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Jacobs, Jerry A. (1989). Long-Term Trends in Occupational Segregation by Sex. American Journal of Sociology 95:

9 6.2 Race and Ethnicity Barrett, Alan, John Fitzgerald, and Brian Nolan Earnings Inequality, Returns to Education, and Immigration into Ireland. IZA Discussion Paper No Borjas, George, Richard Freeman, and Larry Katz How Much do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 1: Markus M Grabka, Johannes Schwarze, and Gert G Wagner How unification and immigration affected the German income distribution. European Economic Review, : D. PAGER and H. SHEPHERD. The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets. Annual review of sociology, 34: , Other World Areas 7.1 East Asia Bian, Yanjie Bringing Strong Ties Back In: Indirect Connection, Bridges, and Job Search in China. American Sociological Review 62: Zhou, Xueguang Economic Transformation and Income Inequality in Urban China: Evidence from Panel Data. American Journal of Sociology 105: See also the debate with Cao and Nee in the same issue of AJS. Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime: Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite, 1949 to Walder, Andrew G. Li, Bobai., Treiman, Donald J, American Sociological Review, 2000, 65, 2, Apr, Walder, Andrew Markets and Inequality in Transitional Economies: Toward Testable Theories. American Journal of Sociology 101: Walder, Andrew G Elite Opportunity in Transitional Economies. American Sociological Review 68: Income Attainment during Transformation Processes: A Meta-Analysis of the Market Transition Theory. Verhoeven, Willem-Jan; Jansen, Wim; Dessens, Jos, European Sociological Review, 2005, 21, 3, July, Temporal and Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality: Urban China in Transition between 1988 and 1995 Hauser, Seth M; Yu, Xie, Social Science Research, 2005, 34, 1, Mar, The Household Registration System and Social Stratification in China: Wu, Xiaogang; Treiman, Donald J, Demography, 2004, 41, 2, May, Chinese Social Stratification and Social Mobility Bian, Yanjie, Annual Review of Sociology, 2002, 28, The Impact of the Cultural Revolution on Trends in Educational Attainment in the People s Republic of China. Deng, Zhong; Treiman, Donald J, American Journal of Sociology, 1997, 103, 2, Sept, Industrialization, Class Structure, and Social Mobility in Postwar Japan. Ishida, Hiroshi, British Journal of Sociology, 2001, 52, 4, Dec, Gender Inequality in the Japanese Occupational Structure: A Cross-National Comparison with Great Britain and the United States. 9

10 Shirahase, Sawako; Ishida, Hiroshi, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1994, 35, 3-4, Sept-Dec, Gender Stratification in Contemporary Urban Japan. Brinton, Mary C, American Sociological Review, 1989, 54, 4, Aug, Latin America Torche, Florencia, Unequal but Fluid: Social Mobility in Chile in Comparative Perspective. American Sociological Review, 70: Behrman, Jere; Alejandro Gaviria y Miguel Szekely Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America Working Paper #452, Research Department, Inter American Development Bank. Birsdall, Nancy and Carol Graham eds New Markets, New Opportunities? Economic and Social Mobility in a Changing World. Washington DC: Brookings. Bourguignon,François; Francisco Ferreira and Marta Menéndez Inequality of Outcomes, Inequality of Opportunities and Intergenerational Education. Working Paper World Bank. Dahan, Momi y Alejandro Gaviria Sibling Correlations and Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America Economic Development and Cultural Change 49 (3): Nunez, Javier and Leslie Miranda Recent Findings on Intergenerational Income and Educational Mobility in Chile. Mimeo, Department of Economics, Universidad de Chile. Portes, Alejandro and Kelly Hoffman Latin American Class Structures: Their Composition and Change During the Neoliberal Era. Latin-American Research Review 38 (1): Hoffman, Kelly and Miguel Angel Centeno The Lopsided Continent: Inequality in Latin America. Annual Review of Sociology 29: De Ferranti, D., F. Ferreira, G. Perry and M. Walton Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean. Breaking with History?, World Bank: Washington DC. 10