Visible Minorities and Education in Canada

Transcription

1 Visible Minities and Education in Jack Jedwab Executive Direct Association f Canadian Studies May 26, 28 In releasing the 26 census results on education, Statistics pointed out that the number of university holders has grown substantially since 21. It further observed that in 26, ranked sixth among all Organization f Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of the proption of the adults aged 25 to 64 who had a university. One of the maj demographic facts contributing to this high of university educated Canadians has been the recent immigrants arriving that on average are far me likely to possess university than earlier immigrants as well as than the Canadian-bn. As Statistic notes over half (51%) of recent immigrants, those who had immigrated to between 21 and 26, had a university. This was me than twice the proption of holders among the Canadian-bn (2%) and also much higher than the proption of 28% among immigrants who arrived befe 21. As receives the vast majity of its immigration from outside of Europe-that is persons identifying as minities there is an imptant gap between the educational of s minities and the non- white. That which follows will examine the gap between the of university holders across the minities and between minities and the white as detailed in the 26 census. Since the is younger on average than the overall we have chosen to focus on the group that is between the ages of 35 and 44 with a university. As observed re is a 2 point gap in the share of university holders amongst university holders versus the white. It is the group that identify themselves as Kean that has the highest of university holders at nearly three-quarters! Filipino and Chinese follow in second and third spot at approximately 58%. The and white s are at the bottom of the list when it comes to the share of university holders. 1

2 35 to 44 by trades other nonuniversity bachel , 61785, 13426, 7715, Kean Filipino Chinese Arab 4861, 367, 6655, 426, 2865, 51.6 West 28965, 2375, 361, 2265, 11575, 47.8 Japanese 137, 695, 368, 9, 5745, 48.5 South 286, 1125, 2573, 1736, 81245, 47.4 Multiple 1794, 156, 3325, 152, 655, 42.2 Latin 57625, 761, 997, 3875, 1585, 33. Black , 1661, 316, 9655, 27685, , , 93545, 15895, 85513, , 332, 6335, 1855, 755, 22. % When looking at those persons bn in the white drops to the bottom of the list in terms of the extent to which they hold university s. The Kean group 2

3 is again on top with the Canadian-bn Chinese and Filipino s following thereafter. 35 to 44 Nonimmigrants by trades other nonuniversity bachel , 57945, 85473, , 73263, , 462, 14335, Kean 69, 45, 12, 25, 375, 58. Chinese Filipino 154, 6, 365, 18, 645, 53.5 South Japanese 651, 35, 165, 29, 274, 46.5 Multiple 1915, 15, 365, 135, 7, 43.6 West 38, 25, 65, 1, 155, 43.4 Arab 2425, 22, 41, 12, 85, , 1, 12, 6, 235, 35.5 Black Latin 19, 125, 255, 35, 245, , 53325, 84395, 13445, 773, 24.1 % 3

4 As to immigrants the same three identified above dominate. It is the followed by the Black and Latin s that have the lowest rate of university holders amongst the immigrant. 35 to 44 Immigrants by trades other nonuniversity bachel , 5575, 11645, 759, , 47. Kean 1915, 41, 1865, 2455, 118, 74.6 Chinese 19384, 655, 2213, 1775, 96195, 58.7 Filipino 71455, 517, 1181, 11275, 339, 58.3 Arab 4457, 3275, 615, 415, 193, 52.4 West 27845, 2285, 3455, 214, 11155, 47.8 Japanese 6, 285, 1825, 56, 2295, 47.5 South 19614, 1385, 2389, 16535, 76235, 47.3 Multiple 1572, 1385, 293, 137, 523, , 42765, 8752, 2395, 13945, 39.7 Latin 5245, 71, 9265, 3575, 1341, 32.6 Black 1245, 1398, 24535, 835, 21875, , 3185, 615, 176, 71, 21.2 % 4

5 As mentioned, underlying the pattern of immigrants possessing a considerably greater share of university s than non-immigrants, are vast differences between certain. The results may seem counterintuitive to some as traditionally it is believed that immigrants who lacked some of the advantages of access to higher education widely encouraged their children to obtain it. However as has sought to attract immigrants that have completed university s as observed below it is me common f immigrants in some communities to possess a university than the Canadianbn generation. By far the biggest gap is between immigrants and Canadian bn of Kean background, the white group (those immigrants predominantly from Europe the United States) and those bn here as well as those defining themselves as Arab. In the case of and Canadians the immigrants are less likely than the Canadian bn to have a university. 35 to 44 by South Immigrants Non- Difference Immigrants % Filipino Kean Chinese Japanese Multiple West Arab Black Latin

6 Visible Minities, Gender and holders Examining the data on the basis of gender it is white males that are at the bottom of the list of with the lowest of university holders amongst males. Male 35 to 44 by trades other nonuniversity bachel Kean 935, 225, 835, 1, 6285, 78. Chinese 11435, 3825, 117, 661, 56625, 62.3 Filipino 28765, 247, 447, 4215, 11735, 55.5 Arab 2825, 221, 3715, 229, 13325, 54.7 Japanese South West 538, 335, 17, 295, 251, , 634, 1233, 885, 45785, , 1275, 177, 19, 6565, , 83, 1555, 69, 2855, 41. Multiple Black 58895, 7525, 1165, 438, 151, 32.9 % 6

7 Latin 288, 3945, 424, 159, 752, , 182, 313, 89, 4, , , 39833, 6741, , 24. As to females, Black and White have the lowest rates of university holders. 35 to 44 Female by trades other nonuniversity bachel , , 61275, 13629, 62845, , 3255, 786, 4475, 1675, 44.9 Kean 1485, 32, 1415, 2, 82, 72.8 Filipino 4913, 296, 848, 8145, 21555, 6.6 Chinese 11738, 3875, 16635, 12415, 51835, 55. Arab 2585, 146, 294, 1965, 7535, 47.5 Japanese 832, 36, 265, 6, 324, 46.2 West South Multiple Latin 1365, 11, 1835, 1175, 51, , 4685, 134, 856, 3546, , 725, 177, 83, 32, , 3665, 573, 229, 757, , 2795, , 9154, 46145,

8 Black 65675, 985, 1851, 5275, 12675, , 15, 325, 96, 355, 21. In overall f the in the lab fce women are me likely than men to hold a university. However f most minities it is the men me so than the women that hold a university with the Filipino, Latin and those with multiple identities (as well as the white ). 35 Male % Female % Difference to by Chinese South Black Filipino Latin Arab West

9 Kean Japanese Multiple Non-Immigrants, Visible Minity and Gender As to men bn in the gap between white and non-white is again substantial at over 2 points with the white group at just above one in five and the lowest on the list. Male 35 to 44 Nonimmigrants by trades other nonuniversity bachel Kean 375, 3, 7, 15, 2, 57.3 Chinese South Filipino 675, 25, 14, 75, 25, 48.1 Japanese 338, 215, 775, 17, 1355, 45.1 % 9

10 Arab 132, 145, 245, 8, 465, 41.2 West 195, 15, 35,, 8, 41. Multiple 85, 75, 15, 4, 28, , 65, 6, 2, 1, 33.3 Black Latin 545, 75, 115, 15, 115, , , 35849, In the case of women that re bn in there is also a substantial gap between white and non-white in terms of the extent to which they respectively hold a university,. In the age categies the white ranks at the bottom of the list f females across the various. 35 to 44 Nonimmigran ts Female Populatio n by populatio n trades other nonuniversity bachel , 48971, , 38, 216, 545, 549, 6.3 Chinese Kean 32, 15, 45, 1, 175, , 25, 225, 1, 39, 57. 1

11 Filipino South 41, 19, 895, 265, 18, , 75, 22, 95, 42, 48.5 Multiple 313, 13, 875, 115, 1385, 48.3 Japanese West 185,, 3, 1, 75, , 35, 6, 4, 135, 37.2 Arab 115, 7, 165, 4, 335, 34. Black 18, 89, 287, 48, 2545, 3.2 Latin 545, 5, 14, 25, 125, , 19595, 4819, 7785, , 26.2 Canadian bn women from most minities are me inclined than men to hold a university. This is not the case f those identifying as South and Arab. Nonimmigrants by Male Female Difference Chinese South 11

12 Black Filipino Latin Arab West Kean Japanese Multiple Immigrants, Visible Minity and Gender As to immigrant men the Kean and Chinese rank highest in terms of the rate of university holders while at the bottom of the list one finds the Latin and. Immigrants 35 to 44 Male by trades other nonuniversity bachel 57179, 53655, 8695, 434, , , 2767, 4843, % 12

13 Kean 795, 15, 715, 89, 533, 78.2 Chinese Japanese 149, 85, 275, 1, 785, 59.3 Arab 25635, 1975, 337, 2125, 1232, 56.4 Filipino South West 1472, 12, 1675, 14, 6315, 5. Multiple 77, 745, 139, 645, 2515, Black , 3595, 391, 1485, 6635, 32.7 Latin 255, 1745, 35, 85, 377, 23.1 As to female immigrants, the Kean remain on top with the highest share of university holders and the Filipino group in second in this regard. and black women rank at the bottom of the list. Immigrants 35 to 44 Female by trades other nonuniversity bachel 61939, 44185, 11698, 542, 21285, , 2741, 6798, 498, 14115,

14 Kean 11195, 26, 115, 1565, 6465, 72.3 Filipino 4394, 2775, 7575, 721, 19165, 6. Chinese 153, 3435, 14295, 1177, 4571, 54.7 Arab 18935, 1295, 273, 1885, 6985, 47. West 13125, 185, 178, 11, 4845, 45.4 Japanese 451, 2, 1545, 465, 151, 43.9 South 95345, 4455, 12365, 8145, 332, 43.5 Multiple 82, 64, 1535, 73, 2715, , 1678, 49, 1322, 7165, 4. Latin 2721, 341, 535, 295, 6775, 32.6 Black 5365, 794, 15225, 4595, 974, , 144, 355, 95, 3245, 19.6 When contrasting the respective ratios of university holding immigrant men and women one finds that the fmer are ahead in nearly every group with the exception of the Filipinos and to a very limited extent those declaring multiple minities as well as the white. Immigrants 35 to 44 with Male Female %Difference by

15 Kean Chinese Japanese Arab Filipino South West Multiple Black Latin Geography: (1) 2 Visible minit: bachel Age , 843, , 15 to , 53185, 19759, 15

16 25 to to to to to to and over , , 24564, , 11442, 82655, , , , , 66995, 1295, Geograp hy: (1) 2 Age 15 to to to to 44 Visible minit: certificat e, , Labour fce ac: Labour fce activity No certifica te, , Immigra nt statu: Nonimmigra nts High school certificat e equivale nt , Sex (3): Sex Apprentices hip trades other nonuniversi ty certifica te , 34422, Univers ity certifica te below the bachelo r 7447, Univers ity certifica te, , , , , 15754, , 48415, 18165, , , ,,, 5, 5, , 3489, , , , 197, 72488, , 46897, 8363, 53325, 84395, 13445, 773, 45 to , 63524, , 77745, 15815, , 16

17 54, 55 to , 62945, , 36175, 43198, , 43651, 65 to , 61598, 35155, , 18566, 746, 15581, 75 and over , 61281, 26951, 11512, 1184, 51465, 9329, 17