Urban Villages in the New China

Transcription

1 Urban Villages in the New China

2 Da Wei David Wang Urban Villages in the New China Case of Shenzhen

3 Da Wei David Wang Institute of Urban Governance Institute of Contemporary Chinese Politics Shenzhen University Shenzhen, Guangdong, China ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: Cover design by Samantha Johnson Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A.

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I thank my family, who have given me encouragement over many years in my academic pursuits it is to them that his book is dedicated. Secondly, I would like to thank the urban villages residents, both the original villagers and the migrants who made my research possible. Thirdly, I extend thanks to Shenzhen University s School of Management and its Institute for Contemporary Chinese Politics for providing me the time and space to continue research. Lastly, I thank the city of Shenzhen. Despite my many minor criticisms from time to time, I am fiercely proud of this city. For me at least, this city and its urban villages offer the greatest hope for China s future. December 2015 Da Wei David Wang v

5 CONTENTS 1 Urban Villages in Words and Senses 1 2 The Origin of Shenzhen s Urban Village: Policies and Backgrounds 25 3 The Villages and Shenzhen City: History, Transition, and Coexistence 43 4 Migrant City and Migrant Villages 71 5 Urban Village Inc Urban Renewal and the Rise of Shenzhen s Real Estate Developers Stereotypes and Self-Government Urban Villages in China: A Regional Comparison 141 vii

6 viii CONTENTS 9 Conclusion 163 Notes on Interviewees 181 Bibliography 183 Index 197

7 GLOSSARY OF CHINESE AND OTHER NON- ENGLISH TERMS Banzi Leadership circle Bao Gong Tou Construction team leader Bei Piao Floating north, commonly refers to young migrants seeking work in Beijing Chai To demolish Chaiqian Demolition and Relocation Chaiqianhu Homes to be demolished Chengzhongcun Urban Village Chengbiancun Villages on city borders Chengguan City administrative units Chengshibing Urban Disease, a metaphor in Mainland China describing problems in urban planning and zoning in China Cheng Xiang Er Yuan Hua Urban Rural Dualization Chuang da hai Bravely explore the sea, a Cultural Revolution-era slogan encouraging fishermen to increase production Chuangyeban A stock exchange for start-up technology companies in Shenzhen Chun yun Mass migration of migrants back to their rural homes, often by train Chuantong Xiaonong Yishi Small peasant mentality, an ideological stereotype of peasantry Citang Ancestral hall Cun Village Cungufengongsi Village-owned joint-stock companies ix

8 x GLOSSARY OF CHINESE AND OTHER NON- ENGLISH TERMS Cunluo danwei zhi Village work unit system Cunji Village origin or identity Cunwei Banzi Cadre governing body or leadership team Cunweihui The village committee Cun Jiti Village collective Daoban A pirated copy Da dao niugui sheshen Defeat the ox and snake demons, a popular political slogan during the Cultural Revolution Dagongmei Working sister Desakota Indonesian term for village-city Dingzihu Nail Residents, tenants or property owners who refuse to evacuate during the urban renewal process Ernai Second wife or concubine Er Shi Zu Someone who is good for nothing and lives off family wealth Fa Bu Ze Zhong The law cannot punish people en masse, a common Chinese expression Feidi Exclave Fen One cent, one hundredth of one Chinese yuan. In addition, it is sometimes used as a measurement unit of land area as one tenth of one Chinese Mu (660 square meters) Gao Suzhi High quality as in personnel Gemeinschaft German term for a tight-knit village-like community Geng Lou Farming of buildings Gongfen Work point Guan nian Views or way of thinking Guanlichu An office that keeps a record of people entering the residential building Guomingdang The ruling Nationalist Party of China ( ) Haigui / Sea turtles, a nickname for a foreign-educated returnee in China Hexieshehui Harmonious society, a nationwide political campaign advocating social harmony among different social strata

9 GLOSSARY OF CHINESE AND OTHER NON- ENGLISH TERMS xi Huogen Huitouhua or Weitouhua / Hukou Ji ding xian shi Jiedao Jiedaoban Juweihui Jin Jiucheng gaizao Jiugaiban Juweihui Kampung Kejiaren/Hakka Lao San Pian Laoxiang Laoxiangzhen Liumin Luanjian Mazu Minan Moshi Mangliu Paifang Pencai Qian Qiangjian Qiaoxiang Qu Rouliqiu The root of all problems A local dialect in Shenzhen Household Registration Recognized reality Streets The street office, an administration unit in the Chinese city Residential committee Half a kilogram Restructuring of old urban sectors An abbreviation for old city restructuring office Residential committee Village-town in Malaysia A Han sub-ethnic group in southern China with a large population in Shenzhen Three Old Essays: To Serve the People, Study Norman Bethune, and The Fool Moves Mountains Hometown people A community inhabited by migrants from similar geographical origins Roaming peasant Rampant construction Sometimes called Tianhou, this is a Chinese folk religion deity, thought to be the patron saint of sailors Southern Fujian Province Model The blind roaming wave Memorial arch A large bowl of slow-cooked food, a form of traditional feast in Shenzhen To move Rushed building, a form of informal construction by urban villagers to garner further compensation Hometown of large overseas Chinese communities Urban district Tai Chi Ball exercise

10 xii GLOSSARY OF CHINESE AND OTHER NON- ENGLISH TERMS Renda Rukun Sanwurenyuan Shanzhai Shangshanxiaxiang Shenzhenxu Shi Sijiu Suzhi Taojin Tao gangchao Tequ Fazhan Gongsi Tu Tudi zheng bei ju Tu zhu Wai tao feng Wei jian Yuan cun min Xian xing fan ge ming Xiao Chan Quan Fang Xiao Chengzhenlun Xi jiao shang tian Xiangshen The People s Congress Good Neighborly Relations in Malaysian Chinese abbreviation for people without the three forms of urban registration Pirated versions Youth movement during the Cultural Revolution The origin of the name Shenzhen, a deep ditch in Baoan County City The four olds : old Customs, Culture, Habits, and Ideas, as in Bo Sijiu, destroying the four olds, a Cultural Revolution-era political campaign Human quality Gold prospecting Fleeing Hong Kong wave, meaning large numbers of people fleeing to Hong Kong from the mainland at a certain period Special Economic Zone Development Company Earthiness, a generalized character of the Chinese countryside and rural peasantry Land management bureau Aborigines Fleeing phenomenon Illegal construction Original villagers An active counter-revolutionary Minor property house Small Town Theory Washed feet and went above the field, a common saying referring to rural peasantry adopting to urbanization or industrialization Gentry

11 GLOSSARY OF CHINESE AND OTHER NON- ENGLISH TERMS xiii Yang Yanda Yi cun yi ce Yiwulaodong Yixiantian Yizu Yizucun Zading Zang, luan, cha Zaofan Zaofan zuzhi Zhaijidi Zhejiangcun Zhengxie Zhili Zhiqing Zhong Zhongdiangong Zhongziwu Zhongzige Zongzu Oceanic, an adjective describing things Western and modern, a common reference to Western styles Strike hard public security campaign One village, one strategy Volunteer work One line of sky, describing the distance between urban village buildings Ant tribe, a term describing recently graduated college students with unstable employment, often living together in urban villages Ant Tribe Village, an urban village with large number of ant tribe students Crushing the nails Dirty, chaotic, substandard To rebel Rebellious organizations, radical political organizations during the Cultural Revolution Personal plot of land Zhejiang Migrant Village Chinese People s Political Consultative Council Regulate or Governance Sending down urban youth to rural villages during the Cultural Revolution Loyal Hourly paid nanny or home-help by appointment Loyalty dance Loyalty song Chinese form of Lineage, which is patrilineal