LEARNING TOGETHER North South Cooperation in the Field of Social Policy

Transcription

1 LEARNING TOGETHER North South Cooperation in the Field of Social Policy CISUNET : CITIZENS SUPPORT NETWORKS FOR WELFARE AND POVERTY REDUCTION A project in development cooperation between the Finnish Society for Social and Health (SOSTE, Finland) and the Tanzania Council for Social Development (TACOSODE), Tanzania) Further partners: the University of Jyväskylä, Finland; the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW). Funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Uwe Ottka uwe.ottka@soste.fi John Ndunguru ndungurujohn@yahoo.com 1

2 CISUNET : CITIZENS SUPPORT NETWORK FOR WELFARE AND POVERTY REDUCTION University of Helsinki, Finland volunteers, research SOSTE: SOSTE Finnish Society for Social and Helath. New umbrella organisation of social and health NGOs in Finland, started Member organisations: 176 Employees: about 60. Previous project partner: Finnish Federation for Social and Health (STKL). University of Jyväskylä, Finland volunteers, research ICSW: global social policy umbrella organisation CISUNETproject TANZANIA , possibly continues. AIMS: *Reduction of poverty in Tanzania *Increasing of citizens influence on policy measures *Strengthening capacity of local NGOs,of district and regional NGOs, and of TACOSODE as national umbrella NGO. *Learning experiences for all partners. *Model project for other ICSW member organisations in North-South cooperation and global social policy issues. TACOSODE: Tanzania Council for Social Development. National umbrella organisation in mainland Tanzania, more than 250 member NGOs. Employees: 17, including 3 project staff. Beneficiaries: estd. over 2 mio. people in Tanzania via members. Many other cooperating partners, incl. Government institutions MAIN ACTIVITIES : *Advocacy on Social Policy: main topics: Land issues (2009), People with Disabilities (2010), Social Security (2010), Funding of NGOs (6/2011), Women s Rights (9/2011 and 11/2011), Environmental Issues (2012), Good Governance, new Constitution (2013). *Strengthening regional and district NGO networking in S. and W. Tanzania (2011: Mbeya region, 2012: Lindi/Mtwaran region; 2013: Singida/Shinyanga region) * Assessing the work and challenges of local NGOs around the country *International networking: enhancing cooperation between Finnish and Tanzanian organisations and partners, and others. E.g. Steering Committee networking visits to Tanzania (2009, 2011 and 2013) and Finland (2010 and 2012). *Training and capacity building of local NGO activists, and of TACOSODE staff members. *Material input to improve capacity of TACOSODE and member NGOs: (Laptops, printers, modems, generator, project vehicle etc.) *Serving as model for other ICSW members, promoting global discussion: ICSW World Conference Hong Kong 2010, Stockholm Staff members: 4 (Project manager, project coordinator, assistant project coordinator, project driver.) Univ. of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania volunteers, research Grassroots NGOs in Tanzania, TACOSODE member NGOs: e.g. women s, PWD s, orphans, health, environmental NGOs. 2

3 Karibu Tanzania! 3

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6 Poverty indicators: education Some recent improvements, regarding both primary and sec. school enrolment PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES: Low qualification of teachers Parents don t see benefits of sending chd. to school Expenses, e.g. school uniform, school fees in secondary school High rate of drop-outs, esp. for girls SECONDARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE IN TANZANIA REMAINS ONE OF THE WORLD S LOWEST. FOCUS ON MDGs PROBLEMATIC reg. SECONDARY SCHOOL 6

7 TANZANIA KENYA Adult literacy rate, % Primary school enrolment / attendance, % Secondary school enrolment, gross, male Secondary school enrolment, gross, female Years , source: UNICEF 7

8 Poverty indicators: environment DEFORESTATION a cause for concern in the whole of Tanzania. CAUSES: Charcoal production, firewood Logging for local purposes and export (especially to China) Shifting farming Forest burning for livestock keeping 8

9 Poverty indicators: situation of women PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES High rate of teenage pregnancies, early marriages widespread Practice of FGM (female genital mutilation) in some areas Unequal division of labour in the household Widows and single mothers especially vulnerable Situation of elderly women: widespread local beliefs, e.g. withchcraft, can endanger some elderly women. 9

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15 Economy in transition 6-7 % overall GDP growth, BUT Higher on construction, financing, telecom Lower on agriculture & rural areas Main exports Gold 50 %, manufacturing goods 20 %, agricultural products (coffee, tobacco ) ca 15 % Gas economy prospects set to bring big changes Natural resources gold, oil, forest, agricultural potential Increased tax revenue and lessened dependence on aid Vision > Tanzania a middle income country large potential, huge risks 15

16 Rising inequality Land grabbing by both local and foreigh investors is a rising cause for concern. 16

17 Privatisation of land ownership: 17 can increase of poverty of rural people, if they sell their farmland.

18 Poverty indicators: population growth Source: 18

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21 Coming key political processes New constitution (2014) NGOs have been involved in the consultation process. Multi-party elections (2015) 21

22 Economic Outlook Tanzania s Growth scenarios (USD) GDP (US-$) Current trend of economic growth Development Vision 2025 growth outlook Net ODA ODA 3% growth scenario By permission of Jussi Nummelin, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. 22

23 Gas and Natural Resources drivers Natural Gas has been found in Tanzania already in 1970 s. Today half of the 1000 MW generation capacity comes from natural gas. Even conservative estimates of the explored natural gas reserves off-shore Tanzania raise the country among the richest countries on earth regarding natural gas TZ soil contains also unranium, coal and numerous precious metals. Also oil is being explored off shore. Tanzania could become one of the richest countries in the world, provided that the deals on natural resources are carefully done and incomes are used wisely. 23

24 Two development scenarios OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO: Tanzania s development vision 2025 Tanzania is a middle-income country and welfare state, income from natural resources is used for the benefit of the people, investment in social development, education, healthcare and environmental protection is prioritised. PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO: New Nigeria / Angola Rapidly growing inequality, social problems, corruption, political imbalance, worsening environmental problems, uncontrolled population growth, living conditions in rural areas worsen. 24

25 The work of local NGOs is important. Important is also the work of TACOSODE as umbrella NGO. NGO working for women s rights in Mbozi, Tanzania 25

26 NGOs play an important role towards environmental conservation and education on tree planting (here: NGO in Ruangwa) 26

27 CISUNET PROJECT: success NGOs have gained more appreciation, and cooperation with the government has increased. TACOSODE as umbrella organisation has been strengthened and has gained more members. Important advocacy work has been performed, including on land ownership, people with disabilities, women s rights, need for social security, and environmental challenges. Member NGOs have received training, including on land laws, women s rights, Public Expenditure Tracking System (PETS), and organisational management. 27

28 The work of NGOs is important: Seminar on land policy in Tanzania, 16th September

29 Seminar on participation of People with Disabilities in Society, Dar es Salaam,

30 GLOBAL ADVOCACY AND NETWORKING 2010 Joint World Conference on Social Work and Social Development, Hong Kong, June

31 Ensure a minimum level of access to essential services and income security for all Grounded in international Human Rights instruments Promote nationally-defined strategies Two critical components Services: access to essential services (water, food, health care, education, housing, social services) Transfers: providing minimun income and livelihood security through a set of essential social tranfers 31

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33 Global issue: tax evasion

34 Visit of Tanzanian NGO representatives to Finnish NGOs, March

35 Speeches by Tanzanian Speeches guests at by social Tanzaina policy guests, Social Policy seminar seminar, in Helsinki, Helsinki March 2010 March

36 Julius K. Nyerere ( ) Poverty is not the real problem of the modern world. For we have the knowledge and resources to overcome poverty. The real problem the thing which creates misery, wars and hatred among men - is the division of mankind into rich and poor. The reality and depth of the problem arises because the man who is rich has power over the lives of the poor, and the rich nation has power over the poor nation. Our social and economic system, nationally and internationally, supports these divisions and constantly increases them, so that the rich get ever richer and more powerful, while the poor get relatively ever poorer and less able to control their own future. 36

37 Asante sana! Kiitos! Thank you! 37