THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

Transcription

1 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

2 CONTENTS National Police Commissioner's review... 3 Monitoring and alerts... 4 Crime prevention...10 Licence administration...16 International cooperation...20 Personnel and training...24 Finance, technology, and facilities and materials management...28 Internal control, security and communication...34 Author: Timo Torvinen Pictures: Police archives, Antti Alila, SPJL/Katja Almgren, Mika Hakkarainen, Sami Hätönen, Timo Jakonen, Helsinki Police Department, Southeast Finland Police Department, Lapland Police Department/Olavi Airaksinen, Police University College, the "Poliisit" television series/saku Tiainen Layout and print: Lönnberg Print & Promo Police Annual Report THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

3 Seppo Kolehmainen, the National Police Commissioner, has been the head of the police since NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSIONER S REVIEW The Finnish Police celebrated its 200th anniversary in Simultaneously, our security environment has undergone the most radical change it has ever seen during peacetime. Internal and external security have become intertwined, and a clear-cut division between the two no longer exists. What happens around us also has a ripple effect on Finland's own security situation. Key themes are immigration, border security, cyber security, and combating crime and terrorism. The Police must be able to provide safety as the first responder to everyone and at all times. Despite the challenging situation, the police performed its duties quite well in The Police responded to more than a million calls. The most urgent of these could be handled as rapidly as one year previously. 800,000 crimes were reported to us, and safety on the streets improved slightly. Fewer working hours were spent in traffic surveillance, but with the help of automatic surveillance, the output volume increased clearly. Almost 1.2 million licences were issued. Six out of ten passport applications were submitted electronically. Human resources were around 9,700 person-work years, of which the share of police personnel was 7,200. Human resources were reduced by almost two hundred person-work years. In the next couple of years, fewer new police officers will graduate than the number estimated to retire. The number of starting places cannot be increased, because based on the decisions currently in effect, the number of police officers should further decrease by 850 person-work years by the year The situation forces us to make choices. The resources must be focused where they can be used to achieve the highest impact. In our strategy, we emphasise the duties the citizens consider to be the most important. We wish to ensure safety, prevent crime, produce services efficiently and maintain the public s trust. The duties and structures of the Police have been further specified. Asylum investigation became the purview of the Finnish Immigration Service, and driving licence matters the purview of the Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi. The Finnish Security Intelligence Service was separated into an agency under the Ministry of the Interior, and it assumed responsibility of all security clearances. Police Materials, Information Technology and Information Services Centres were established in the National Police Board. Relative to its population, Finland has the smallest police force in Europe, yet it produces excellent results by a European standard. Success requires solid professional skills and world record class trust. 96 per cent of Finnish people trust the Finnish police. The exceptional sentences imposed on the former head of the drug squad of the Helsinki Police Department have certainly done a lot to challenge that trust I can guarantee that we have aimed to do everything possible to prevent such serious crimes from ever taking place again. On the other hand, their discovery shows that you cannot escape the long arm of the law and that there is someone who watches the watchmen. On my own behalf, I wish that society would provide the police with sufficient resources to handle our statutory duties in this changed operational environment. Ultimately, this is the key factor in our ability to provide security and safety through all times. Seppo Kolehmainen National Police Commissioner THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

4 MONITORING AND ALERTS THE POLICE have been able to improve the street safety index to 99.7 in 2016 through visible surveillance of public order and safety, themed activities and emergency rescue operations. In 2015, the corresponding index was The street safety index comprises the weighted number, relative to population, of robberies, assaults, vandalism and drunk driving cases that occurred in public places and were reported to the police. Improving the street safety index has required the police to switch their focus between different types of duties, as the total number of police personnel, measured in person-work years, fell by two per cent in In particular, traffic surveillance and special investigations by the police have been subjected to downsizing, while the objective has been to maintain monitoring and emergency response resources at their previous levels. During 2016, the police had to provide safety at different major protests, some of which were violent. In violent protests, the police arriving on scene were often selected as the target. Of these types of protests, the one with the longest duration was the protest at the Hanhikivi nuclear power plant construction site in Pyhäjoki in the spring; it caused EUR 240,000 of extra costs to the police alone. In addition to the extra costs, the protests tied up a significant amount of resources, making them unavailable to the normal monitoring and emergency reporting activities of the police. The increase in the number of protests and their becoming more violent has also brought about the need for additional resources, which has increased the number of resource requests to other police departments. THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS POSES A CHALLENGE TO THE POLICE The change in the operating environment posed challenges to the police. Police personnel spent significantly more working hours on assignments related to asylum seekers, their transportation, and the support of the operations of the registration centre set up in Tornio. Visible patrolling by the police at the reception centres and in their vicinity has kept the situation peaceful. In some locations, the use of resources in these activities has had a negative impact on the operational readiness time of the police. The operational readiness time of the police is affected by the location, number and distance of the assignments, and the location and number of patrols. The police have aimed to use intelligence-led methods to target its resources to those locations and at those times that experience dictates will have the most incidents and disturbances. Taking into account the increase in the number of assignments and the use of resources in additional assignments caused by the asylum seeker situation, the police met the performance targets set. INCREASE IN URGENT ASSIGNMENTS The number of police assignments increased in both urgent emergency assignments and non-urgent assignments related to maintaining order. In 2016, the police carried out a total of 1,048,120 emergency assignments. The total number of emergency assignments increased by 6,310 assignments from 2015 (1,041,810). Assignments in urgency category A increased by 5.8 per cent from the previous year (an increase of 3,930 assignments). Assignments in urgency category C increased by 9.5 per cent from the previous year (an increase of 44,795 assignments). The increase 4 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

5 Police assignments in urgency category A increased by 5.8 per cent from the previous year (an increase of 3,930 assignments). was caused by the increase in the number of assignments resulting from the exceptionally large number of asylum seekers, and the active and visible monitoring at the asylum seeker reception centres, as well as traffic surveillance assignments. There were 6.8 per cent fewer assignments in urgency category B compared to the previous year (-38,480 assignments). OPERATIONAL READINESS TIME REMAINED ALMOST UNCHANGED The operational readiness time of the police was 9.4 minutes in the most urgent category A assignments. The time remained almost unchanged from the previous years (2015: 9.3 min). The operational readiness time of category AB assignments remained almost unchanged at 17.9 minutes (2015: 17.8 min). In urgency category A assignments (totalling 71,530), the police arrived on the scene in under 13 minutes in 79.2 per cent of the assignments. Despite the increase in the number of assignments, availability improved by 0.2 per cent (2015: 79%). In urgency category AB assignments (totalling 529,334), the police arrived on the scene in under 25 minutes in 78 per cent of the assignments. Correspondingly, the police arrived on the scene in under 40 minutes in 90 per cent of the assignments, and in under 60 minutes in 96 per cent of the assignments. In only four per cent of the assignments, the operational readiness time of the police was over one hour (21,273 assignments out of 529,334). CLEAR IMPROVEMENT IN TRAFFIC SAFETY In 2016, traffic safety improved clearly both when compared to the previous year and when considered in the long term. The number of traffic fatalities decreased by around ten per cent from the previous year. At the same time, the numbers of injuries and severe injuries in traffic continued to fall, although passenger car and van traffic increased by 1.5 per cent. The number of fatalities in accidents involving heavy-duty traffic increased from the previous year, but the number of injuries in these accidents decreased. In 2016, the amount of heavy-duty traffic on the main roads increased by 3.3 per cent. The police uncovered slightly more traffic violations than in the previous year. The key reason for this was increased automatic surveillance, the total output of which showed a clear increase. This was based on the streamlining of police work and the development of information systems, allowing faster processing of the cases. Furthermore, the lowered threshold of intervention in police surveillance increased the number of cases. The number of detected cases of aggravated causing of a traffic hazard did not change significantly from the previous year. The total number of drunk driving cases uncovered by the police decreased slightly from the previous year. However, an increase in the number of non-alcohol-based drivers under the influence is clearly evident. The number THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

6 The police also carries out surveillance of the terrain all the way to the northernmost Lapland. 6 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

7 of drunk drivers in the traffic flow remained unchanged. During the year, the number of alcohol-related accidents resulting in personal injury grew slightly from the previous year. In the long term, however, the trend appears to continue in the right direction. The police were able to slightly increase the amount of surveillance, and more breathalyser tests were applied than in the previous year. ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT The amount of video monitoring equipment capable of reading vehicle registration plates and radars installed on police vehicles was increased. This allowed for even more effective traffic surveillance. A new, no-mouthpiece screening breathalyser was deployed in drunk driving monitoring, speeding up the screening tests carried out by the police and saving in material costs. Cooperation to expand fixed automatic traffic surveillance to new road sections continued. At the same time, negotiations were held with municipalities and cities on expanding automatic traffic surveillance to road sections administered by them. The use of mobile surveillance units was made more efficient, and their number was increased. Additional procurement of automatic surveillance cameras was launched with separate funding granted in the supplementary budget of LOT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE Finland was an active participant in the operations of the European Traffic Police Network (TISPOL) in the network's council and several working groups. A representative of the Finnish police continued to serve as the Director of the network. During the year, eight TISPOL operations focusing on traffic safety were conducted under the Road Policing model. Participation in the work of the Nordic traffic police cooperation body (SANT) continued, and several cross-border surveillance operations were conducted as a Finnish-Estonian joint effort. Visits were made to the Netherlands, Norway and Estonia during the development work of surveillance equipment. PERFORMANCE OF SPECIAL FUNCTIONS WAS IMPROVED The national and international performance of the police's special functions was improved by continuing the training and equipping of the special teams. The international operational readiness of the police, and in particular its special functions, was improved through participation in international joint operation exercises together with the Finnish Border Guard and the special functions of other countries. The performance capacity of basic police patrols was also improved by developing their equipment and training. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION HAS CONTINUED IN LARGE NUMBERS, WHILE THE NUMBER OF ASYLUM SEEKERS HAS DECREASED Illegal immigration to the European Union has continued in large numbers. It involves international organised crime that receives significant financial benefits from human trafficking. Over 90 per cent of illegal immigrants entered Finland across the Union's internal borders. The increase in the number of asylum seekers arriving through internal transfers makes their arrival more controlled. In 2015, around 32,500 asylum seekers entered Finland. In early 2016, the number of asylum seekers started to decrease clearly, and in 2016, a total of around 5,500 asylum seekers entered Finland. The Tornio registration centre operated from 22 September 2015 to 29 February 2016, during which period 16,582 asylum seekers were registered there, with the police performing asylum investigations on 4,543 of them. In practice, the police performed an asylum investigation (determination of identity, entry into the country and the travel route) on over 30,000 asylum seekers before the duty was transferred to the Finnish Immigration Service. Asylum investigations were transferred from the police to the Finnish Immigration Service on 1 March 2016, after which the duties of the police have included in addition to the supervision of aliens the receipt of asylum applications, the registration of asylum seekers, and the enforcement of decisions on removal from the country. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

8 Police resources have been allocated to removal operations in order to secure effective removals from the country. The increase in the number of asylum seekers and the resulting phenomena were key reasons for the establishment of the so-called TUPA function at the National Bureau of Investigation. It began operations on 1 May 2016 with the purpose of ensuring information exchange between the police and the Finnish Immigration Service related to the possible threats to internal security caused by asylum seekers and the maintenance of situational awareness of, for example, the situation with asylum seekers and related phenomena. The number of cases involving the organisation of illegal immigration remain at the 2015 level. In 2016, a total of 222 investigations of cases involving the organisation of illegal immigration or its aggravated form, were started. The number remains significantly higher than prior to The number of offences involving aliens decreased somewhat. In 2015, the police uncovered 1,288 offences involving aliens, and 976 in A typical group among persons suspected of violations of the Aliens Act comprises EU citizens who are illegally resident in the country after being prohibited entry into Finland due to crimes they have previously committed here, but do not comply with the prohibition. In 2016, the number of illegal aliens caught in Finland was lower than in many previous years. THE POLICE SUCCEEDED IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF REMOVAL DECISIONS In 2016, the police participated in the enforcement of a total of over 6,600 decisions on removal from the country, when the corresponding figure in 2015 was 3,180. For several years, the removal operations of the police have been at an excellent level compared to the rest of the Europe. Finland has been able to remove around 60 to 70 per cent of persons for whom a decision on removal from the country was made, while the corresponding figure in Europe has been 40 per cent on the average. In 2016, the police returned persons, for whom a decision on removal from the country was made, to over one hundred different countries in total. The charter flights for voluntarily returning persons negotiated and arranged by the police with Iraq are a good example of the successful return activities. In 2016, the police returned around 1,400 Iraqi nationals to Iraq on 17 national charter flights. During the year, the police organised or participated in joint return flights organised by Frontex a total of 30 times. However, the majority of the returns are still implemented on regular, scheduled flights. In its return operations, the police aim to direct the persons for whom a decision on removal from the country has been made to the assisted voluntary return programme whenever possible. This allows the police to target its resources to escorted and supervised returns of challenging returnees. The network of commanding officers and other officers providing training in the prevention of illegal immigration and human trafficking in addition to their regular duties has continued its operations under the leadership of the National Police Board. Commissioned by the ministerial working group on migration, an action plan for the prevention of illegal immigration and residence was prepared under the leadership of the National Police Board. Its realisation is supervised and reported to the ministerial working group by the Working group on combating illegal immigration working under the leadership of the National Police Board. The National Police Board has also participated in the operations of the Government network against human trafficking, and police representatives are involved in the multiprofessional assistance group for victims of human trafficking. n 8 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

9 Police tasks Life and limb protection tasks 52,198 54,540 54,390 54,462 54,523 Property protection tasks 111, , , , ,630 Tasks caused by a traffic accident or traffic 249, , , , ,648 Personal protection tasks 298, , , , ,856 Accident or hazardous situation 33,149 38,913 37,730 37,901 36,462 Special tasks 155, , , , ,822 Basic and monitoring tasks and preventive actions 94, , , , ,861 Patient transport and first aid tasks Social welfare tasks Total 995,505 1,008,783 1,046,885 1,041,810 1,048,120 Certain tasks in more detail Intoxicated person 71,473 71,136 63,819 57,273 53,880 Disorderly conduct and vandalism 98,908 96,497 88,383 85,053 84,881 Drunk driving 45,231 46,141 46,210 42,355 40,172 Criminal damage 15,539 15,266 13,773 13,160 11,114 Domestic disturbance call 84,405 84,319 81,780 80,177 77,085 Domestic violence call 23,565 25,275 25,237 26,223 25,821 Operational readiness time, average in minutes (from police perspective) Urgency category A Urgency category AB The operational readiness time comprises the assignment waiting time, patrol delay, and the minimum driving time to the scene. The time spent in processing the assignment by the emergency rescue services is not included. Operational readiness time, average in minutes (from client perspective) Urgency category A Urgency category AB Operational readiness time (client perspective) measures the time from when a citizen's emergency call is answered to the arrival of a police patrol at the scene, including all delays. Street safety index Automatic traffic surveillance, speeding, quantity , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,880 50,429 45,138 45,198 49,707 44,108 49, ,587 22,567 19,955 19,875 23,170 19,846 20, ,825 1,994 1,762 1,613 2,064 1,759 1, , Total 399, , , , , , ,607 Source: Police results information system THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

10 CRIME PREVENTION CRIME has continued to decrease as in previous years. The number of crimes reported to the police has decreased since 2011 by almost 70,000. In 2016, the number was around 809,000 crimes. The numbers of just a few types of crime, such as financial and narcotics crimes, have increased. A clear transformation is evident in fraud crime in particular. Although the overall number of fraud crimes has decreased, the number of online payment frauds increased by around 40 per cent over the year. In 2016, the police focused some of their crime combating resources on preventive cooperation with other authorities and organisations, targeting cross-border crime in order to prevent property crimes, and hate crimes that take many forms. TOTAL NUMBER OF PROPERTY CRIMES UNCHANGED, CRIMES HAVE GONE ONLINE Of all criminal law offences, the total number of property crimes (228,296) remained almost unchanged percentage-wise (49.8%), although there were 6,950 fewer property crimes compared to There were fewer burglaries of houses, holiday homes, business premises and vehicles. This is a positive trend and indicates that the police have targeted their measures correctly, for example at cross-border mobile crime. The citizens also protect themselves better (including camera surveillance), which promotes the solving and reduction of crimes. Crime is constantly transforming, and has gone online to a large extent. Payment frauds have increased a total of 28 per cent from 2015 (an increase of 4,211). Citizens submit their payment card information too gullibly to various websites, for example to redeem prizes. Related to this, the number of so-called identity theft crimes has increased, with the police filing a total of 3,300 crime reports in Per capita, the most crimes were uncovered in the provinces of Uusimaa, Kymenlaakso and Päijät-Häme. In the entire country, 8,508 crimes per 100,000 citizens were uncovered. In 2015, the corresponding figure was 8,645. A total of 311,100 persons, of which 19.9 per cent were female, were suspected in the 285,400 criminal law offences solved in Of all suspects, 14.2 per cent were suspected of more than two crimes. In all solved criminal law offences, 25 per cent of the suspects were under the influence of some intoxicant (the share of alcohol was 15%). AUTHORITIES RECEIVED MORE RESOURCES TO INTERVENE IN HATE CRIMES The number of suspected hate crimes increased by more than 50 per cent in The victim study of the manifestation of hate speech and harassment in society from the perspectives of different minority groups, published in 2016 by the Ministry of Justice, showed that only one fifth of the victims had reported some instance to them. One of the reasons the victims had for not filing reports was that hate speech and harassment are so common that they are not reported. Since 1998, the police have been monitoring the development of hate crimes, but the victim study showed the problem to be greater than the statistics indicated. Hate crimes 10 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

11 The number of crimes reported to the police fell slightly in increase feelings of alienation and marginalisation, which play a key role in radicalisation and religiously motivated violence. Indeed, the national action plan for the prevention of violent radicalisation and extremism, prepared in 2016 by the Ministry of the Interior, emphasises the importance of combating hate speech and racism as one means of preventing extremism, and called for the police to uncover and effectively investigate hate crimes, and to provide support to the victims. The police streamlined its activities to combat hate crimes and punishable hate speech, and increased its training in identifying hate crimes. In the autumn, the Government agreed in its strategy session to allocate more resources to the authorities for intervening in the operations of violent extremist movements. Resources were also increased for online police operations preventing hate speech and for the investigation of hate speech crime. The National Police Board appointed a working group to prepare an action plan related to the enhanced prevention of punishable hate speech; the working group submitted its final report in November The national structures and division of responsibilities for combating online hate speech outlined in the report will be implemented in the spring of The National Police Board also developed and implemented a further training programme related to the prevention of hate crime, "Encountering and identifying hate crimes in police work", in cooperation with the Police University College. The National Police Board signed a memorandum of understanding with the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), part of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), on the implementation of a Training Against Hate Crimes for Law Enforcement (TAHCLE) for the year NUMBER OF HOMICIDES CONTINUES TO FALL FOR THE 20TH YEAR In 2016, the police filed a total of 35,400 violent crimes, of which 1,167 were sex offences. There have been no significant changes in the total number of violent crimes in recent years, but an observation spanning several years reveals that the total number of violent crimes has decreased significantly. In 2016, a total of 98 deliberate violent crimes that led to the victim's death committed in Finland were reported to the police. Recent years have seen an increase in sexual offences; for example, their number increased by around 10 per cent from 2015 (1,054) to The number of homicides has continued to fall compared to the 1990s and the averages of the early 2000s. The downward trend in the number of homicides has continued for twenty years now without interruption, with the current level being the lowest in the historical statistics. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

12 The overall narcotics crime rate rose by four per cent on the previous year. In Finland, the majority of homicides are related to alcohol use between middle-aged men who are outside working life. In , in a total of 62 per cent of homicides between adults all parties were intoxicated at the time of the crime, and in 80 per cent of the homicides, at least one of the parties was intoxicated. The most common homicide victims were men killed by an acquaintance or a friend (46%). The next most common victims were women killed by their relationship partners (16%) and men killed by persons previously unknown to the victims (10%). a homicide or an assault at least once during the ten years prior to the crime, and 28 per cent had been serving a custodial sentence during the five years prior to the crime. Additionally, 36 per cent had been incarcerated at least once during their life prior to the crime. The level of homicide in Finland is currently the eighth highest in the European Union, and above average also when taking all European countries into consideration. The high level of crime is largely explained by the exceptionally high level of crime of middle-aged, unemployed, male alcoholics. ing outside society in this regard, preventive measures involve very long-term work. NUMBER OF FINANCIAL CRIME CASES CONTINUES TO RISE The number of financial crime cases reported to the police has continued to increase. Last year, a record number of new financial crime cases were filed, showing an increase of around 13 per cent from the previous year. The large number of new criminal cases filed last year 2,087 reports is evident in the number of open cases under investigation. The investigations of a total of 1,915 criminal cases were closed. In , 57 per cent of men guilty of homicide had been sentenced in a court for Violence leading to death involves clear characteristics related to marginalisation and drift- At the end of 2016, the number of open criminal cases under investigation totalled 12 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

13 2,508. In 2016, the police recorded somewhat under EUR 15 million of criminal proceeds recovered during financial crime cases. At the end of 2016, 1,237 persons were subject to a business prohibition. Last year, the largest relative increases were seen in aggravated tax fraud, aggravated money laundering, registration offences, and extortionate work discrimination. The annual variation in uncovered crimes can be large, and a single series of crimes alone can include several dozen individual offences. In 2016, one quarter of offences committed in business activities were various types of fraud. Over 50 per cent more aggravated tax frauds were filed last year than in In addition to fraud, accounting offences and debtor offences formed a significant share of the financial crime cases reported to the police. In August 2016, the National Police Board launched a project to implement electronic bank enquiries. The purpose of the project is to create an information system where bank enquiries and the responses to them are transmitted electronically between the police and financial institutions. The project is being implemented jointly by the Tax Administration, the Office of the Prosecutor General, Customs, the Finnish Border Guard, the Federation of Finnish Financial Services, the Financial Supervisory Authority, and financial institutions operating in Finland. The electronic bank enquiry of the police will be implemented in connection with an information system already in use. TOTAL NUMBER OF NARCOTICS OFFENCES IS GROWING, NARCOTICS TRADE IS MOVING TO ANONYMOUS WEBSITES The total number of narcotics offences increased by over four per cent from The number of aggravated narcotics offences increased by around three per cent. On one hand, the increased numbers show that the authorities have been able to uncover this hidden crime, and on the other, that there are plenty of narcotic substances in the market. In addition to the large amounts of confiscated methamphetamine, for example, the latter conclusion is supported by the waste-water analyses carried out by the National Institute for Health and Welfare, according to which a lot of methamphetamine is used in the Uusimaa and Keski-Uusimaa economic areas today. One of the current trends in narcotics crime is also that the trade is increasingly moving to anonymous Internet sites. This has also required the development of the methods of the pre-trial investigation authorities in combating online crime. CO-OPERATION OF AUTHORITIES AIMS TO REDUCE WILLINGNESS TO JOIN GANGS In organised crime, groups of gang members attempt to influence public opinion through both traditional and social media. For example, the clubs appear in television documentaries and at various charity events. From the perspective of the police, they aim to direct attention away from the criminal activities of the gangs and make public opinion more positive. In co-operation with various authorities, the police aim to reduce willingness to be recruited by these gangs and also provide support to persons who wish to break away from them. The police aim to bring up the impartial and professional viewpoint of an authority in the public discussion. ONLY MINORITY OF ONLINE CRIMES REPORTED TO POLICE, SPREAD OF RANSOMWARE IS A GROWING PROBLEM In 2016, the police filed 1,077 offences considered to be online crimes, showing an increase of around 150 cases from A total of 416 computer break-ins and aggravated computer break-ins were filed. Message interceptions showed the highest increase; in 2016, a total of 414 message interceptions were filed, while the corresponding number was 298 in the previous year. The National Bureau of Investigation's Cybercrime Centre is responsible for the investigation of more serious online crime; its caseload increased by over 50 per cent from the previous year. The Cybercrime Centre has also been kept busy due to the increased amount of executive assistance in online crime investigation given abroad. The spread of ransomware has been a growing problem in the field of online crime. A foreign actor or actors are often behind ransomware. The types of malware they have developed and distributed encrypt the computer user's files and prevent the use of the computer unless the user pays the sum demanded by the blackmailer. The police have informed the public about ransomware and engaged in international cooperation in order to prevent and investigate the crimes. In 2016, dozens of CEO frauds and their attempts were reported to the police. This type of fraud involves the impersonation of a member of the management of a company or a public administration organisation to get the organisation to transfer money to foreign accounts. Online crimes are seldom reported to the police. In the opinion of the police, only a very small part of the above-mentioned CEO frauds and ransomware attacks have been reported. In the case of companies, the reason for the low willingness to report may be caused by the assessment that being a target of online crime and publishing it would damage the company's reputation. When it comes to private citizens, the reason can be assumed to be shame in some cases, and in others, the misconception that the police are unable to help the victim in a situation where a criminal has, for example, locked the victim's computer with malware saw the beginning of a harmonisation project of IT crime investigation methods, procedures and reporting at the police. The objective of the project is to create a uniform way of handling digital evidence for police departments that conforms to international standards. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

14 The number of online payment frauds increased by around 40 per cent in one year. The police are campaigning actively in social media, for example, to increase the awareness of the citizens. PREVENTIVE WORK BY THE POLICE IS COOPERATION Preventive work is the primary operating model of the police. The most effective preventive work is done in cooperation with other authorities and communities, and the local residents of each area. The National Police Board was responsible for implementing the preventive work strategy of the police ( ), which required all police departments and national police units to develop ways of improving operational structures and the capacity for preventive action. Attention was shifted from the individual to the overall level, comprehensiveness and efforts focused on achieving better operational uniformity and harmonisation. Combating violent extremism and radicalisation and related training and educational activities represent one of the key special operations areas in preventive police work. Education is important so that police officers and stakeholders can understand and take account of new issues and phenomena. Comprehensive harmonisation has also been implemented in the development of combating cross-border crime in connection with the RYR preventive work project. It is essential for preventive police work to be where the people are. In today's world, social media is where people meet and interact. Police presence in social media builds the citizens' sense of safety and security, helps to prevent crime, and lowers the threshold for contacting the police. In fact, online policing is becoming a standard form of police work, which supports all policing goals. Young people are an important target group for the police. In addition to the more traditional educational events, the police also organise events in social media, which can reach more people at one time. n 14 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

15 It is essential for preventive police work to be where the people are. Crimes reported to the police Number of crimes reported Criminal law offences 525, , , , , ,790 Criminal law offences (excl. traffic offences) 369, , , , , ,941 Property crimes 259, , , , , ,296 Assaults 40,266 38,319 35,593 32,995 33,947 33,844 Narcotics offences 19,006 17,665 19,507 19,651 21,221 22,136 Aggravated narcotics offences , Driving while intoxicated 21,333 19,015 17,882 17,499 17,556 17,218 Traffic offences 156, , , , , ,510 Traffic violations 399, , , , , ,080 Apartment burglaries 4,854 4,806 3,960 4, ,413 Business burglaries 4,539 4,002 3,845 4, ,196 Car burglaries 13,865 10,737 9,604 9, ,653 Unauthorised use of motor vehicles 9,465 6,818 6,123 5, ,261 All crimes 950, , , , , ,368 Financial crimes 1,515 1,608 1,804 1, ,087 Organised crimes Clearance rate, % All crimes 78.9% 78.4% 77.9% 76.3% 76.6% 76.6 % Criminal law offences 63.8% 64.1% 62.6% 61.2% 61.4% 60.3 % Criminal law offences (excl. traffic offences) 49.7% 50.4% 49.0% 47.5% 48.1% 47.6 % Property crimes 38.2% 37.8% 37.4% 36.1% 36.7% 36.7 % Assaults 74.2% 76.9% 76.4% 75.3% 69.5% 66.7 % THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

16 LICENCE ADMINISTRATION AT THE END OF 2016, the authority of the police to decide on matters related to residence permits, EU registrations, residence cards, alien's passports and refugee's travel documents was transferred to the Finnish Immigration Service. The police are still responsible for issuing foreign citizen's identity cards, and visa extensions, cancellations and revocations in certain cases. From the beginning of 2016, responsibility for driving licence matters was transferred from the purview of the police to the Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi, and responsibility for conducting concise security clearances was transferred from the local police to the Finnish Security Intelligence Service. As a result of these changes, the total number of licence matters processed by the police decreased by around 20 per cent from the previous year, while travel documents have shown growth. The number of passport matters has increased by around eight per cent from 2015 and the number of identity card matters by around nine per cent. USE OF E-SERVICES EXPANDED The police continued the development of its existing e-services and expanded the services to cover private security sector affairs, their duplicates, and money collection matters. With the help of marketing, for example, the usage rate of the e-services increased to such a degree that already 61 per cent of passport applications were submitted electronically. The share of electronic passport applications increased 16 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

17 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

18 Already 61 per cent of passport applications were submitted electronically. around 27 percentage points, compared to per cent of all applications were submitted using the simplified application procedure. Around 36 per cent of identity card applications were submitted electronically. Due to appointments and e-services, the police licence administration no longer had a summertime backlog. CHANGES TO FIREARMS LEGISLATION The Firearms Act reform was launched under the leadership of the Ministry of the Interior. The changes will help make the firearms licence process more flexible than today, also enabling the use of e-services in firearms licence matters. However, the intention is to maintain firearms safety at the current level. At the same time, the National Police Board began the procurement of a new firearms information system. The purpose is that the first phase of the system is deployed in December Firearms licensing legislation was reformed by a working group, but the Government proposal prepared on its work could not be submitted in The goal of the reform is to enable the use of e-services, a single-phase licence procedure and the lifecycle monitoring of firearms. Additionally, the reform of the European Union's firearms directive was underway, seeing its most active phase in the latter half of the year. The reform work will continue in The regulation of the European Commission on the deactivation procedure of firearms came into effect in April. The approval of deactivations was centralised in the National Police Board's firearms administration. NEW LICENCE DOCUMENTS INTRODUCED In 2016, the National Police Board prepared the introduction of new passports, identity cards, residence permit cards and residence cards in cooperation with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Finnish Immigration Service and the Population Register Centre. The new licence documents were brought into use on 1 January The preparations for the adoption of the direct delivery of identity cards and the simplified procedure were ongoing at the same time. CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATION FOR PASSPORTS AND RESIDENCE PERMITS The police implemented an administration environment for the signature certificates of passports and residence permits. The certificates ensure the authenticity of the documents. With the administration environment, the police distribute certificate data of Finnish passports and residence permits for the use of other countries, and processes and distributes the certificate data from other countries nationally for the use of the Finnish Border Guard, the police, the Finnish Immigration Service and Customs. n 18 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

19 LICENCE ADMINISTRATION Operational efficiency, outcomes, and quality management Actual 2014 Actual 2015 Goal 2016 Actual 2016 COST EFFECTIVENESS Person work years Licence administration costs in thousands of EUR 60,634 61,990 51,725 54,879 Cost effectiveness (cost per licence issued by the police), EUR Cost correlation of licence administration, per cent Licence administration income target in thousands of EUR 64,370 66,048 51,725 53,970 PRODUCTIVITY Productivity (licences issued by the police per licence per 1,651 1,727 1,540 1,770 person-work year, subject to a charge and free) Productivity of fee-paid operations (licences issued by the 2,165 2,200 2,143 2,420 police per licence per person-work year, paid working hours) Productivity of operations not subject to charge (monitoring tasks/unpaid working hours, licence per person-work year) SERVICE CAPACITY AND QUALITY Realisation rate of e-services % (share of electronically submitted licence applications out of all licences of the police) Utilisation rate of e-service % (share of electronically submitted licence applications out of the entire volume in the licence categories supporting e-services) LICENCES ISSUED AND LICENCE MONITORING ACTIONS No. of licences issued by the police in total 1,392,128 1,452,250 1,164,000 1,160,156 Passports 721, , , ,972 Personal ID cards 135, , , ,894 Driving licences 355, ,977 1,442 Firearm permits 55,432 57,939 60,000 56,698 Security sector licences 56,841 60,771 62,000 26,738 Licences and permits for foreigners 55,043 54,900 50,000 54,129 Other licences 12,021 11,868 12,000 16,283 LICENCE MONITORING Operational efficiency, outcomes, and quality management Actual 2014 Actual 2015 Goal 2016 Actual 2016 COST EFFECTIVENESS Person-work years (included in the total number of person-work years of the licence administration) Appropriation for operating expenses, thousands of EUR 12,420 Licence monitoring costs (unpaid licence services), thousands 16,767 of EUR LICENCES ISSUED AND LICENCE MONITORING ACTIONS Monitoring actions total, pcs. 119,135 72,000 65,065 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

20 Personnel from Lapland Police Department participated in the joint patrol training funded by the European Union together with their Swedish police colleagues. The joint patrol training was concluded in INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REPRESENTATIVES from the National Police Board and police units participated actively in international cooperation meetings and other events in The cooperation has been bilateral, multilateral and regional. Crime prevention cooperation has been ensured by the European Union's crime prevention mechanism that helps implement the annual operational measures in accordance with the previously confirmed focus areas. Europol supports the member states in this work. The second half of 2016 saw the participation in the preparation of Europol's Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA) for Liaison officers operating abroad have supported national operations. In addition, Finnish experts have been posted to both the Interpol's General Secretariat and to Europol in the role of a national expert. Work for Europol has been performed not only at the Hague headquarters, but in hotspots in Greece, where the work involves second line checks of immigrants. The cooperation between nearby regions continued the implementation of the recent cooperation plan of five countries (Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). The bilateral cooperation between Finland and Estonia has been excellent and it effectively implements the cooperation plan. Law enforcement cooperation with Russia became closer when, after a hiatus of several years, a coordination committee convened at the end of 2016 in accordance with the crime prevention agreement between Finland and Russia. The importance of regional coopera- 20 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

21 tion was noted at the meeting. On the other hand, the organisational changes in the Russian Ministry of the Interior have created the need to reorganise the practical cooperation. ASYLUM SEEKERS ENTER FINLAND VIA RAJA-JOOSEPPI AND SALLA A total of 1,757 asylum seekers entered Finland from Russia via the Raja-Jooseppi and Salla border crossing points between September 2015 and February A total of 1,063 asylum seekers entered Finland via these border crossing points in The last asylum seekers entered via this route on 29 February 2016, after which there have been no arrivals. For this entire time, the situation remained peaceful at the more southerly border crossing points on the eastern border. The largest reason for the stop in the arrival of asylum seekers was the border agreement that was concluded as a result of cooperation between Finland and Russia. The majority of the illegal immigrants who entered Lapland in 2016 used Russia merely as a transit country, and had obtained a single-entry or multiple-entry Russian visa for their trip. Many of them stated that they had utilised a smuggler, who had obtained travel documents and/or Russian visas for them for a fee. Asylum seekers from Afghanistan were clearly the largest nationality group amongst the asylum seekers who arrived at the Lapland border crossing points in There were citizens of a total of 37 different countries amongst the asylum seekers who entered Finland via these border crossing points. In addition to Middle Eastern and South Asian countries, there were also immigrants from North, West and Central Africa. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

22 The Finnish police hosted a high-level Nordic Police Conference in Helsinki on November TRAINING COOPERATION WITH CHINA, NORDIC COOPERATION REMAINS CLOSE Police cooperation with China includes both bilateral and joint Nordic cooperation. In 2016, training cooperation with China was conducted with the support of the Police University College. The Nordic police cooperation became more effective in 2016, when the police commissioners signed an updated cooperation protocol in April The Nordic cooperation is direct and productive, its work is based on the work of working groups under the strategic oversight of the police commissioners. The police commissioners of the Nordic countries convened at their regular meeting in September 2016 in Norway, and their deputies in June 2016, also in Norway. In November 2016, Finland arranged a Nordic high-level police conference, with the topic of new threats and responding to them. The conference had almost 120 participants from the Nordic countries. The cross-border joint patrolling project between Finland and Sweden was advanced by means of a proposed legislative amendment. At the end of 2016, PTN (Nordic police and customs cooperation against drugs) produced a joint Nordic threat assessment that will be discussed in the spring of 2017 together with the SOCTA, produced by Europol, to determine the Nordic focus areas. INTERNATIONAL REACTION TO CHANGES IN THE SECURITY SITUATION Several international cooperation forums have also reacted to the changes in the security situation. Particular attention has been given to making information exchange more efficient 22 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

23 Joint operations of the police, Customs and the Finnish Border Guard in the Port of Helsinki. in the cooperation between law enforcement authorities of the countries. The focus of Interpol activities was to advance the Interpol 2020 plan, the purpose of which is to bring operations and finances closer together so that the finances of the organisation can be balanced and ameliorated. The rules of the Commission for the Control of Interpol s Files, important to Interpol's operations, were reformed. The commission is responsible for taking the data protection regulations into account, and it also processes matters and complaints concerning individual Interpol alerts. The CCF makes binding decisions on rectifying or deleting information entered by Member States in Interpol s information systems. The Finnish representative was chosen as a member of the commission in November THE STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS OF THE POLICE DETERMINES THE CONCRETE ACTIONS The Strategy for international operations of the police for will reinforce the preconditions for international cooperation, and its implementation plan will determine the concrete actions. The implementation work of the strategy began in The objective set for 2016 to assign 20 Finnish police experts to UN operations (19 seconded and one member of contract staff) was achieved. The objective envisioned for 2017 to increase Finnish police participation in the UN to thirty will be achieved in the first half of 2017, as things currently stand as there are nine seconded police experts selected for operations waiting for posting, with three candidates. The operations include UNSOM, UNMIL, MINUS- MA, MONUSCO, UNMIK and UNMISS. In addition to the EU and UN assignments, there are also Finnish police officers performing civilian crisis management duties in Afghanistan, Kosovo, the Palestinian territories and Ukraine, as well as in Italy. Nordic cooperation has continued to be close, including training cooperation and the planning of joint projects. A model of career steps on international assignments and guidelines on staff participation in international assignments have been prepared as part of the working age programme of the police. n THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

24 PERSONNEL AND TRAINING IN EARLY 2014, the PORA III administrative reform was carried out, its implementation continuing in 2015 and After the objectives of PORA III were set, the security environment in Finland has undergone a radical change, described in the internal security report. In 2016, during the discussion of the internal security report, the Parliament approved the objectives of PORA III that have been achieved. In 2016, new organisational changes were carried out in the police administration: the Finnish Security Intelligence Service was transferred under the governance of the Ministry of the Interior, the driving licence matters that were previously the purview of the police were transferred to the Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi, and the ICT services for the various police operations were transferred from the ICT Agency HALTIK to the National Police Board. Additionally, 2016 saw the preparation of the transfer of matters concerning licences and permits for foreigners to the Finnish Immigration Service, the reorganisation of gambling administration duties, and the continuation of the reorganisation of the National Police Board. PREPARATIONS WERE MADE FOR THE CONTRACTION OF PUBLIC FINANCES Preparations were made in 2016 for the downsizing required at the framework level by drawing up instructions in case of possible terminations and layoffs. Additionally, the number of person-work years used in further training of police officers, and other training for maintaining the competence of the police administration, was frozen during the spring of This was as part of the change in the asylum seeker situation in Finland and the police administration resources it requires, and in order to minimise the resource cutbacks on operations. SLIGHT DECREASE IN POLICE PERSONNEL The economic trend in recent years has led to a reduction in the number of police personnel. In 2016, the total number of personnel was 9,729 person-work years, decreasing from the previous year by 185 person-work years. Both the number of police officers (a decrease of 121 person-work years) and other personnel (a decrease of 77 person-work years) decreased. In 2016, the annually varying number of students was slightly higher than in the previous year (an increase of 14 person-work years). The number of unemployed police officers remained low. There were 25 unemployed police at the end of the year. 24 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

25 Detective Sergeant Hannu Kangas from the Länsi-Uusimaa police department was selected as Police Officer of the Year. Working in basic investigations, Kangas is engaged in basic police work: daily criminal investigation. Indeed, the selection was intended to highlight the vital importance of basic police work to police operations in general on this 200th anniversary of the Finnish police. The Police Officer of the Year was selected for the 41st time. The relative share of women in the police administration has increased steadily. In 2016, the share of women among all personnel was around 29 per cent. Persons working as police officials are primarily men, but the share of women has increased in recent years in all groups of police officials with the exception of unit heads. More and more women are employed as experts and managers in civilian posts. A majority of office workers are women. JOB SATISFACTION, WELL-BEING AND HR MANAGEMENT WAS MEASURED WITH A PERSONNEL BAROMETER In 2015, the police administration introduced a police personnel barometer, which is used for research, training and education, and development, as well as for performance-based management. The barometer produces information on employee satisfaction and well-being, and on human resources management, which is used for performance assessment and monitoring. In 2016, the implementation of the HB development plans prepared on the basis of the results of the personnel barometer has continued in the police units. LONGER CAREERS WITH A WORKING AGE PROGRAMME In , the working age programme of the police will innovate and implement measures that improve HR management, career planning, maintenance of occupational health and working capacity, and develop the terms and conditions of the employment relationship. The objective is to increase productivity, reduce costs arising from sick leave and disability pensions, and encourage personnel to continue longer in their working lives. The programme affects all personnel groups and employees of all ages over their entire career. In 2016, the spearhead themes of the working age programme were the development of an adapted work model and mentoring, and a reform of the personal performance and development review practices. At the same THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

26 time, the possibilities of flexibility in working life, reward practices, and leadership-related development needs were also charted. As the first measure of the working age programme, the police administration adopted a new review format for the personal performance and development reviews in the 2017 reviews. NUMBER OF POLICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE APPLICANTS IS GROWING AND SO ARE ADDITIONAL TRAINING RESPONSIBILITIES The Police University College is responsible for the recruitment and student selection for police training, policing degree education, further training and research and development activities related to policing. A characteristic feature of the year 2016 for the Police University College was the progress of education reform, with the college implementing the education programmes in accordance with the new education structure at full steam. A total of 286 students began their Bachelor of Policing degree studies. The number of applicants for the Bachelor of Policing degree increased significantly over the previous year. There were 14.4 applicants per starting place. Due to earlier starting place decisions, only 95 new police officers graduated. The specialisation studies for senior police officers under the new education system began. During the operational year, a student application and selection procedure was implemented for both the Finnish and Swedish language Master of Policing degree. These courses will begin in In the spring of 2016, the arranging of nationwide training for maintaining and increasing professional skills was still affected by the policy established due to the large number of asylum-seekers in the autumn of According to the policy, the number of drop-outs was reduced in order to increase the operational capacity. The education activities settled down to a normal level at the end of the year. The Police University College also offers security sector training to stakeholders, the private security sector and companies. Around 6,100 persons participated in non-degree education. During 2016, the Government Proposal for the Amendment of the Act on the Police College of Finland was prepared. The responsibility for providing emergency rescue service officer training was transferred to the Police University College from the start of Even after this change, the Bachelor's degree studies for emergency rescue officers will continue to take place at the Emergency Services College in Kuopio. The Police University College will become the main university for the emergency rescue service officer students. The first study programme under the new system will begin in the August of A new training cooperation agreement was concluded between the Police University College and the National Defence College. It will come into effect in the beginning of DIVERSE RESEARCH AND COOPERATION The Police University College's fields of research are police work and organisation, policing, and police in society. The topics of projects ongoing in 2016 were diverse and, in line with the research areas, touched on themes related to the contents of police work, training, and different operating areas, all the way to issues concerning the operating environment of the police and crime phenomena. In addition to actors from universities and the public administration, the projects also included actors from companies and the third sector. Research cooperation with universities and research institutions has been expanded, In 2016, a total of 286 students began police training. 26 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

27 particularly in EU funded research project consortiums, some of which are coordinated by the Police University College. Research articles were produced both for the college's own publication series and for international peer-reviewed publications. The Police University College continued to participate actively in the working of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training CEPOL. Over the year, two expert courses and one module were arranged for the joint Master's programme of the educational institutions in policing. The changes brought by CEPOL's new mandate will be taken into consideration in the operations, and international cooperation with law enforcement authorities will be reinforced. The Police University College is responsible for providing driver's training for the police and training modules in traffic safety work. The Police University College arranged, for the first time, an HLC course of the European Security and Defence College in which around 70 persons from over 20 countries participated. In addition to police officers, the participants included soldiers and diplomats. POLICE MUSEUM HAS ANOTHER RECORD NUMBER OF VISITORS Operating in conjunction with the Police University College, the Police Museum is open to all visitors free of charge. The museum presents the history and operations of the Finnish police from the Middle Ages to the present day. The permanent exhibition of the Police Museum, '900 Years of the Finnish Police', sheds light on the history of the police force and its duties from the Middle Ages to the present day. Pokela, children's very own police station, is intended for visiting groups of day care and school children, and for families. "Demanding situations and the use of force" continued as the special exhibition in It looks into the historical and present-day practices in the use of force by the Finnish police. In May, the museum participated in the Night of the Museums event. The annual number of visitors to the museum increased by 13.7% from During the year, the Police Museum attracted more than 29,000 visitors, which was once again the highest number in the museum's history. n Person-work years cumulative Difference to previous year Chiefs Commanding officers Senior officers 1,970 1,909 1,891 1,816 1, Constables and other ranks 4,727 4,746 4,733 4,759 4, Students Guards Clerical employees 1,455 1,453 1,306 1,284 1, Other Total 10,466 10,219 9,982 9,914 9, Police officers excl. students Students Other Total THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

28 FINANCE, TECHNOLOGY AND FACILITIES AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT In 2016, the appropriations available for the operating expenses of the police totalled EUR 729 million. With the appropriations of EUR 28 million transferred from the previous year, the total came to around EUR 757 million. The appropriations for operating expenses were over four million euros smaller than in Operating income amounted to EUR 68 million, down by around EUR 13 million from the previous year. The reduction in income was mainly caused by the traffic-related licences being transferred to the Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi and the security clearances to the Finnish Security Intelligence Service. Personnel expenses represented the largest cost item at EUR 557 million, down by EUR 27.4 million from the previous year. The transfer of the Finnish Security Intelligence Service under the governance of the Ministry of the Interior was evident here. Purchases of services accounted for EUR 111 million and rental expenses for EUR 64 million of the total expenses. The largest cost items 28 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

29 The new police building Pollari, constructed in Kotka according to the new police building concept, opened its doors to customers at hours on 19 December The expenses were generated by the different functions as follows: monitoring EUR 141 million, emergency operations EUR 173 million, crime prevention EUR 344 million, licence services EUR 71 million, and other tasks EUR 65 million. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE POLIT ESTABLISHED AT THE NATIONAL POLICE BOARD The police carried out the transfer of the ICT services for the various police operations and the personnel required in their production from the ICT Agency Haltik to the Information Technology Centre of the Police (POLIT Centre) established on 1 April 2016 as part of the National Police Board. were the service agreement with the Finnish Government Shared Services Centre for Finance and HR (Palkeet), and other service purchases between government agencies. The increase in the number of asylum seekers was evident as increased costs, incurred by, for example, removals from country and travel. Travel costs increased by around EUR 3 million from the previous year. The number of removals from the country almost doubled from the previous year. Almost EUR 10 million of the appropriation reserved for removal from the country and transport was used. In 2016, the overall expenses of the police totalled EUR 794 million, down by around EUR 29 million from the 2015 level. The first part of the overall information system that will make the operational processes of the police and other security and judicial authorities harmonised and more efficient (VITJA) was specified, planned and implemented; the aim is to have it approved and deployed in The second part comprises the basic functionalities of the system's application development platform, entry of observation data, and the intelligence system. The implementation of the common field command system used by various authorities (KEJO) continued with the second part delivery of the system, and the acceptance testing of the first part delivery was completed. The process changes required by the Penal Fee Act reform were implemented in the information systems of the police. The development of operative mobile applications designed for smartphones was launched with regard to the functionalities chosen for the first-phase testing. In addition to the development of the existing e-services, support for submitting electronic THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

30 applications for money collection permits, four security sector card licences and their duplicates were implemented. Furthermore, the deployment of several common e-services of the central government and the updating of the technologies of the police's e-services platform were specified. Significant system changes were made to the identity card and passport system due to the change of the manufacturer of the licence documents and the effects of the new Identity Card Act. New information systems deployed by the police included an information system enabling automatic facial image comparison, and the administration and distribution system for the signature certificates of Finnish travel documents (PKDIS). The common case management system of the Ministry of the Interior's administrative branch (ACTA) was deployed into nationwide use by the police in the autumn of Data processing and digital services of the police were developed as a whole in accordance with the target state of the information system architecture. NEW SOLUTIONS FOR PREMISES NEEDED The National Police Board initiated assessment work with the purpose of investigating the use of modular holding cells as temporary premises. The modular structures are intended to provide agility and flexibility enabling rapid reactions to changes in space requirements. The use of modular structures for other special police premises will also be examined once enough experience of their use has been amassed. The Southeastern Finland Police Department was the first to take a police building constructed according to the police building concept into use in Kotka. The police building concept will also be applied in the currently ongoing Joensuu, Lahti and Lappeenranta projects. POLICE MATERIALS CENTRE ESTABLISHED IN KOUVOLA Police procurement and materials unit continued the adoption and development of new practices and policies in line with the PORA III administrative reform. The materials, vehicle and procurement groups of the National Police Board were reorganised, and the Police Materials Centre was established in Kouvola on 1 July The Police Materials Centre will continue its operations under the governance of the National Police Board. The duties of the Police Materials Centre include the procurement of police equipment, devices, accessories and services, and the management of the agreements and suppliers it has acquired. Additionally, the Police Materials Centre will produce procurement and materials advice service and legal support for the police. The Police Materials Centre also maintains and develops the materials information systems and ordering system of the police, and plans, monitors and analyses the lifecycles of the materials and equipment used by the police. Over the year, the Police Materials Centre arranged competitive tendering in a centralised manner and concluded a total of 36 agreements on police equipment, tools, materials and services. Equipment and accessories in new police vehicles and other operational equipment were updated as necessary for current policing needs. Furthermore, the new police vehicle colour scheme based on the Decree of the Ministry of the Interior (284/2016) was adopted, and all new police vehicles delivered in 2016 were decaled with the new, partially reflective colour schemes. During the year, the Police Materials Centre received three claims for a revised procurement decision, none of which resulted in the cancellation of a procurement decision. None of the procurement decisions were appealed to the Market Court. Cooperation with other government safety and security authorities regarding procurement 30 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

31 All new police vehicles delivered in 2016 were decaled with new kinds of partially reflective colours. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

32 continued. Eight shared competitive tendering procedures were arranged in 2016, some of which are still ongoing in The development of the work of the network comprising the procurement experts of police units continued, and the now traditional police procurement event was arranged for the procurement and financial experts of the police units at the Police University College. The National Police Board was an active participant in the procurement digitalisation project launched by the Ministry of Finance with the objective of streamlining the overall procurement process and reducing administrative work. deployed, including the common procurement planning model of government agencies, and also the procurement data service to be published for the general public on the avoindata. fi website; allowing police agencies to openly and transparently monitor their procurement and increase their efficiency. The police also deployed the electronic competitive tendering solution required by the EU's procurement directive and the new Act on Public Contracts (1397/2016). The electronic competitive tendering solution allows the entire procurement process to be carried out electronically. The system will be deployed in phases, continuing until the end of n New information systems and procedures supporting the central government's procurement function and its development were 32 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

33 Cost structure of the police 2016 (all items) Cost distribution of the police 2016 by function (all items) 14,2 % 8,2 % 2,6 % 4,1 % 70,9 % Materials and supplies Staff expenses Rents Service purchases Other expenses 8,2 % 8,9 % 43,3 % 17,7 % 21,8 % Monitoring Emergency opera Crime prevention Licence services Other tasks Police overall funding (million EUR) Other income 700 Licensing income Kejo mandate Variable annual appropriations Appropriations transferred from the previous year Appropriations Total expenses of police operations per citizen (EUR) Police investments (million EUR) 700 Expenses of crime prevention (million EUR) ,5 7,6 10, ,4 10,6 14, ,7 0,9 1,6 Transport equipment Information and communications equipment/systems 3,2 2,1 2,5 Other investments Total Expenses per crime reported to the police Expenses per solved crime Expenses of the police's emergency operations Cost distribution of the police by function (%) Monitoring Emergency operations Crime prevention Licence services Other tasks 26,4 % 26,5 % 17,7 % 13,4 % 13,9 % 21,8 % 43,8 % 42,8 % 43,3 % 9,4 % 9,7 % 8,9 % 7,1 % 7,1 % 8,2 % THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

34 As the steering, governing and supervising unit, the National Police Board is responsible for the proper arrangement of legality control in the entire country. The duties of the National Police Board's legality control are to develop legality control, carry out legality inspections in police units, carry out impromptu supervision, resolve complaints, act as the government representative in trials, obtain reports and issue statements to the highest judicial authorities regarding complaints lodged with them, and issue statements to the European Court of Human Rights regarding complaints lodged with the court. In connection with the administrative reorganisation of the police, legal units were established at all police departments, answering directly to the Police Chief. Besides having responsibility for the various legal issues of the police units and providing legal support to the leadership, the legal units are also tasked with legality control and legality inspections. The establishment of the legal units has had an impact on the arrangement of legality control carried out at the police administration, and also on the role of the National Police Board in the steering and coordination of the legality control of the police. The National Police Board has carried out legality inspections in the units in accordance with the specific instructions on the legality control of the police. The legality control performed by the National Police Board and its subordinate police units in 2016 was based on confirmed unit-specific legality control plans. According to these plans, control measures targeted the use of covert intelligence gathering practices, policing that interfered with an individual's basic rights, as well as registry supervision. In 2016, the National Police Board performed legality inspections at all police departments. The inspections focused on: organisation of legality control in a police unit and the relevant roles and responsibilities; use and supervision of covert intelligence gathering practices; control arrangements regarding the use of registers by police officers, incl. the EPRI register; use and supervision of decisions under the Coercive Measures Act; legal rights of detainees; pre-trial investigation decisions; and the Victims Directive and assessment of the injured party. One starting point for the development of the National Police Board's legality control processes has been the further reinforcement of the subsidiary principle in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act in the different areas of legality control, particularly in the handling of complaints. 34 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

35 In 2016, the ninth season of the "Poliisit" TV series was being filmed. Pictured are horses and riders of the Helsinki Mounted Police. INTERNAL CONTROL, SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION LEGALITY CONTROL means the monitoring of the legality of the activities of the authorities and compliance with good administrative practices. The purpose of the police's legality control is to promote the realisation of the goals set for the police, and maintain and improve the correctness and quality of police operations while also reinforcing public trust in police activities and their legality. For its part, legality control helps prevent errors and correct incorrect procedures. Now that the legal units established at the police departments have began their operations, the objective is to increasingly handle legality control matters on a local level as often as possible instead of involving a central government authority, allowing any deficiencies identified during the legality control to be efficiently handled in cooperation with the local leadership directing the operations. Each year, the National Police Board receives around 400 to 500 letters that can be considered to be complaints; a majority of these are transferred to police units to be processed. When it comes to complaints, the National Police Board's legality control has, in accordance with the legality control instructions of the police, aimed to focus on cases that deal with key principles or are wide-reaching cases carrying major interest or concerning multiple different police units. Additionally, the National Police Board handles complaints requiring significant policy decisions or concerning the leadership of the police unit in question. Instead of simply dealing with individual trials, the objective in trials associated with the National Police Board's legality control has been to support the units and provide guidance in trial-related matters in cooperation with the unit concerned, where necessary. However, the National Police Board has continued to handle trials which have involved a major government interest or which have affected multiple police units. The sanction practices of the legality control of the police were harmonised during 2016, and the uniformity of the operations of the legal units has been promoted, in addition to legality inspections, through centralised training and the utilisation of the networked working method of the National Police Board's Chiefs and Staff Unit, the legal units, and the representatives of national units. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

36 The field steering by the National Police Board's legality control has concentrated, within the framework of the National Police Board's steering system, on topics in the purview of legality control, while the substance units are responsible for the general policing steering within their jurisdictions. The inspection activities and supervision systems have allowed the National Police Board's legality control to maintain a situation awareness related to legality control and has played its part to ensure that the highest police leadership is aware of the situation of the legality control. Compared to the previous observation year 2015, there were no significant changes in the number of legality control matters. In 2016, a total of 479 administrative complaints regarding police operations (a total of 480 in 2015) or other written expressions of dissatisfaction with the police were submitted to the National Police Board, which were handled by the National Police Board or forwarded to the relevant units for comment. A majority of the complaints concerned pre-trial investigations, with other subjects including monitoring and emergency response operations, coercive measures, the licence administration and the behaviour of a police officer. In complaints concerning pre-trial investigations, the complainants were mainly dissatisfied with the duration of the pre-trial investigation, that the pre-trial investigation had not been started, or that it had been concluded without referring the case to the prosecutor for consideration of charges. In 2016, a total of 13 claims for damages (15 in 2015) were presented to the National Police Board, in addition to which the Board was a witness or defendant in 13 trials concerning damages (14 in 2015). The National Police Board paid damages and litigation expenses, based either on its own compensation decisions or on court decisions, to a total amount of EUR 109,745. (EUR 28,998 in 2015). The National Police Board's legality control issued a statement to the Parliamentary Om- budsman on 18 cases (28 in 2015) and to the Chancellor of Justice on 24 cases (28 in 2015). Due to complaints made to the European Court of Human Rights, the National Police Board issued three statements to the Ministry of the Interior (two in 2015). Furthermore, nine other statements concerning legality control were issued to the Ministry of the Interior (five in 2015). The National Police Board carried out log investigations of the police information system in two matters (two in 2015), and initiated other legality control investigations in one matter (three in 2015). In 2016, the National Police Board's legality control referred five cases to the Office of the Prosecutor General for an assessment of whether there was reason to suspect that a police officer has committed a crime (five in 2015). INTERNAL AUDIT VISITED EVERY POLICE UNIT Internal audit refers to the systematic assessment and development of the police administration s monitoring, management and administrative processes, as well as the sufficiency and effectiveness of risk management, the purpose of which is to support the Police and the supreme command in achieving the specified goals. The task of the National Police Board's internal audit is to handle the internal audits of the Board and its subordinate police units, and to promote the internal monitoring and risk management carried out by the police units themselves. For this purpose, Internal audit offers consultation and training, and carries out inspections and investigations on various Police functions and processes. During the year, visits were made to all police units, and to two different police stations of each unit. Six different topics were reviewed during the visits, and follow-up inspections for the previous year's visits were carried out. The observations have been processed, and procedures have been established for the issued recommendations; internal audit will monitor their realisation as part of the inspection process. 36 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

37 The police celebrated its 200th anniversary with the theme "Security and safety through all times". At the main gala of the anniversary year in Turku, the President of the Republic, Sauli Niinistö, also presented his greeting to the police. In addition to the visits to the police units, the focus areas of the 2016 internal audit involved preparation, register administration, payroll administration and performance management. Internal audit acts in close cooperation with the Legality Control unit of the National Police Board, and the internal audit of the Ministry of the Interior and the National Audit Office. RISK MANAGEMENT IS A SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF MANAGING THE RISKS OF THE POLICE AS A WHOLE The objective of risk management of the police is to minimise and manage risk factors that threaten the operations, operational capabilities and strategic objectives of the police. Risk management ensures the availability of sufficient information on the risks, threatening the existence and operations of the organisation, to the leadership, planning and decision-making processes of the police. One key purpose of risk management is to enable all police units to reach their operational objectives by ensuring they have appropriate methods in place and have sufficient competence to identify risks and understand their effect on core police operations. The risk management process of the police covers all organisational levels of the police and is carried out regularly under the guidance of the National Police Board. Risk management is included in the cooperation between the police and its collaboration partners. Risk management methods help build a comprehensive view of the risk landscape of the police, and allow the implementation of purposeful management methods in accordance with the objectives set for risk management. The deployment of the risk management methods and processes in police units continued during 2016 in accordance with the steering of the National Police Board. Risk management was also extended to apply closely to the operations and processes of the police's partners. THE POLICE'S 200TH ANNIVERSARY WAS VISIBLE IN ALL COMMUNICATIONS CHANNELS The strategic goal of police communications has been to maintain and increase the visibility of the Police, provide an opportunity for interaction, and thereby prevent accidents and crimes in advance and support solving them. Five development areas and twelve action plans for the years have been defined in the communications strategy. The theme of the police's 200th anniversary, "Security and safety through all times", was visible during the anniversary year in the different communications channels. In November, a national gala and concert was arranged in Turku. The celebration also included several side events such as a seminar and a pop up police station at a shopping centre. Over the year, the Poliisi.fi website received around ten million visitors. The assessments given by the users of the service have improved from previous years (Online brand survey 2016). The website is considered to be clear, functional and reliable, and to make the public's everyday life easier. The website received particular praise for providing a handy and quicker than before way of renewing one's passport. Some responses to the survey complained about slowness and information being difficult to find. Over the year, 60 episodes of documentary TV shows were produced and broadcast, including 'Poliisit' (The Police) and 'Poliisit kotihäly- THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT

38 tys' (The Police: Domestic Disturbance Call). In addition, 56 episodes were produced for broadcast in In social media, the police have around 850,000 followers. In Facebook alone, the police units have a total of over 640,000 followers. The police units and experts created new profiles in Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, for example. Thousands of social media posts were published in different channels, the most popular ones reaching some 1.5 million people. Over the year, material for the police's new video channel was planned and shot. The intention is to publish at least one hundred videos in six different categories on YouTube to celebrate Finland's anniversary year. In addition to service providers, the Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences was involved in the cooperation. The first video bloggers, or vloggers, of the police were also trained and equipped. Police Day events were organised in August at 22 locations, in each police department's area. There were around 30,000 visitors in total. The main themes were traffic issues and the police e-services. The event was marketed on the website with a Police Quiz that allowed visitors the gauge their police knowledge through 50 questions. The quiz was taken 30,000 times. The theme of a panel discussion in the Suomi Areena in Pori was: What makes the Finnish police the most trusted in the world? Police operations and equipment were showcased on the Kansalaistori square. Over the year, the e-services for passport and security sector licences were marketed, as well as the new look of the passport and identity card and the new distribution network. The police also participated in several joint communications campaigns of the authorities, including the #rohkee drunk driving campaign, safety on pedestrian crossings, and the Emergency Number 112 Day. During the year, the police issued approximately 9,500 media releases. There were almost 200 media briefings and other meetings with journalists. The assessments given by journalists have improved compared to the previous year (the Yritysviestintä 2016 report) in all measured areas of online communications, social media, availability of communications personnel, rapidity, quality of communications materials, and openness. The journalists graded the police's communications at 7.5 on a ten-point scale. Thousands of news articles were published on the police intranet, Sinetti. Four issues of the electronic personnel magazine, TUTKA, were published. Almost all police units participated in its creation. One issue had up to 9,300 readers. The National Police Board piloted an internal campaign with the objective of promoting the flow of information, work practices and the functionality of the work community and success at work. The campaign will possibly be also implemented nationally. n 38 THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT 2016

39 The police's April Fool's Day update in Facebook reached over 1.3 million people. THE POLICE, ANNUAL REPORT