Manifest Destiny from 1870-1900 in the U.S. By: Aubrey Gibson and Gabby Rodgers
Government Legislation to Before: support the Move West 1864 Land Grants doubled the size of land grants Pacific Railroad Act
Government Legislation to support the Move West Acquiring Land: Timber Culture Act of 1873 (failed) Gave settlers deeds for public land in return for growing trees People could get 160 acres in return for growing trees on 40 of the acres for 10 years Desert Land Act of 1877 Put in place to aid arid land Person could by up to 640 acres of land for $1.25 Carey Act of 1894 (failed) 1 million acres were granted to organizations They had to irrigate the land and could resell it to settlers
Government Legislation to support the Move West Government Legislation: Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 Gave 160 acre and U.S. citizenship to all Indian families Also gave private land ownership to Indians because they thought that it would give them incentive to make a profit for them Atlanta Compromise of 1895 (Booker T. Washington) Verbal agreement between blacks and whites for civility in exchange for black equal rights
Government Legislation to support the Move West Government Legislation: Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 To control the transportation of commerce Created the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad companies Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 Attempt to outlaw trusts and businesses as well as to limit the power of big businesses Made restraint or trade/commerce illegal
Government Legislation to support the Move West Government Legislation: Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Prohibited immigration from China Current Chinese immigrants could not become American citizens Hatch Act of 1887 Est. agricultural experiment stations They were able to use public land and got $15,000 per year
Developing the West Railroad Expansion: Railroad construction in the United States increased dramatically Between 1871 and 1900 170,000 miles were added to the railroad system (Pacific Railroad Act) Opened the way for the settlement of the West, stimulated the development of town and communities, provided new economic opportunities, and generally tied the country together
Developing the West Water Policy Prior Appropriation Doctrine Established right to use scarce water for beneficial use Began to address the new needs for water in the West Benjamin Harrison and Grover Cleveland reserved 37 million acres of land (Carey Act of 1894 and Newland act 1902) They gave Western land to settlers, at little to no cost, in return for servicing the government (Homestead Act, Timber Culture Act, and Desert Act)
Impact on Native Americans Western Expansion: Effect on the Indians Decentralized Great Basin Indians, Plains Indians got technology from white settlers Plains Indians Subdued Settlers believed the Indians were socially and genetically inferior Began removing them from the plains and prairies Nez Perce was one of the tribes that resisted relocation More than 200 died along the way
Impact on Native Americans Western Expansion: By 1900, the rich native cultures were all but gone, and settlers had established dominance in the West. The movement West killed approximately 9 million bison Source of food and fuel as well as important to culture and religion Railroads new industry took away the buffalo s land as well as the Natives forcing them to move on to reservations Indian Reform Gave back some of the land to Indians (Dawes Severalty Act of 1887) but mostly took away from them Built on their land and forced them onto reservations. Lost 900 million acres They tried to impose white culture onto the Native Americans
Assimilation of Hispanics Prior: The Mexican-American with the Treaty of Guadalupe and Hidalgo in 1848 Mexico gave Hispanic land to the United States (Texas, California, Utah and Arizona territories) The relationship between the ethnic people and the whites was poor Whites brought Hispanics into the mining and farming culture
Assimilation of Hispanics Mining: Mined mostly gold, but also silver, iron, and copper Women were still excluded but there was less governmental supervision Cattle: Texas Cattle Drives- moved excess longhorn cattle to California from the 1860 s-1880 s to sell there as beef 1890 s Farming: Wheat farming expanded into urban culture as well Women began to work on frontiers as well As whites began to expand into Hispanic territory they tried to get Hispanics to adopt their ways of life
Growth of the South Development of textile mills Made clothing from the cotton (major crop) Emergence of iron and steel factories Steel served a vital purpose for the expansion of urban cities Crops expanded from being mostly cotton to also including tobacco and sugar The treatment of blacks remained mostly the same with blacks being forced to work on plantations Gained more rights and with the 15 th amendment (1870) all males gained the right to vote
Growth of the South The relationship between blacks and whites eventually grew less tense (Atlanta Compromise) More railroads were built in the South as well
Conclusion Economy expanded as people began to expand West Transportation advanced causing an increase in the number of railroads and roads built Millions of acres of land were acquired by passed legislation Expansion affected the cultures of others
Citations "Acquiring the Land." The Land Shaped by Lincoln Lincoln's Legacy Online Exhibit State Historical Society of North Dakota. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http:// history.nd.gov/lincoln/land8.html>. "Events in the West." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/weta/ thewest/events/>. "Re-thinking History." Re-thinking History. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://rethinkinghistory.blogspot.com/2008/09/contested-west-1870-1900.html>. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Atlanta Compromise (United States History)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/ebchecked/topic/41081/atlanta- Compromise>. Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. United States: Great Neck Pub., 2009.Denton. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http://www.dentonisd.org/cms/lib/tx21000245/centricity/domain/535/ Antitrust s.pdf>. "Hatch Act of 1887." Hatch Act of 1887. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. <http:// msucares.com/about_msucares/hatch.html>. "Railroads in the Late 19th Century - American Memory Timeline- Classroom Presentation Teacher Resources - Library of Congress."Railroads in the Late 19th Century - American Memory Timeline- Classroom Presentation Teacher Resources - Library of Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2014. "Water Encyclopedia." Prior Appropriation. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. "Native Americans and the West." Native Americans and the West. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2014. Esson. "ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES, 1870-1900." U NITED S TATES, 1870-1900 (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.