UNIT 5, PART 3 Expansion and Reform (1801 1850)
WHIG PARTY 1) New political party formed in 1834 2) Organized to oppose Pres. Andrew Jackson s Democratic Party policies 3) Was formed by members of the old National Republicans
WHIG PARTY (CONT.) 4) Party leaders were Henry Clay, John Q. Adams, and William Henry Harrison 5) Whigs favored a national economic plan, Henry Clay s American System
WHIG PARTY (CONT.)
ELECTION OF 1840 1) First presidential election won by a Whig Party candidate 2) War hero William Henry Harrison becomes first Whig president 3) The 1840 election campaign is known as the Log Cabin and Hard Cider campaign.
ELECTION OF 1840 (CONT.) 4) Considered the first modern political campaign because of use of posters, buttons, and hats 5) William Old Tippecanoe Harrison defeated Martin Van Buren (or as the Whigs called him Martin Van Ruin ) 6) Harrison died after less than one month in office. ( VP John Tyler became President.)
ELECTION OF 1840
WAR FOR TEXAS INDEPENDENCE 1) Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836. 2) Gen. Sam Houston became president of the Republic of Texas. 3) Texans along with Tennessee volunteers fought a delaying action against Mexican leader Antonio de Santa Anna at the Alamo.
WAR FOR TEXAS INDEPENDENCE (CONT.) 4) 187 Texans and Tennessee volunteers were slaughtered by Santa Anna at the Alamo, including William B. Travis, Jim Bowie, and David Crockett 5) Texans won independence with victory at Battle of San Jacinto. Their battle cry was Remember the Alamo.
WAR FOR TEXAS INDEPENDENCE (CONT.)
STEPHEN F. AUSTIN 1) Founder of Texas (northern province of Mexico) 2) Negotiated permission with Mexico for American slaves to enter Texas 3) Southerners entering Texas viewed this as an extension of the Cotton Kingdom and
STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (CONT.) 3) the plantation lifestyle 4) Austin became first governor of the State of Texas once it entered the Union
STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (CONT.)
ELECTION OF 1844 1) Annexation (whether to allow the slave state of Texas into the Union) and Slavery were the primary issues. 2) James K. Polk (Democratic nominee) favored adding both Texas and Oregon.
ELECTION OF 1844 (CONT.) 3) Polk won the election because expansion of the nation was popular with Southerners and Westerners. 4) Polk and other expansionists believed in the idea of Manifest Destiny.
ELECTION OF 1844 (CONT.)
ELECTION OF 1844 (CONT.) 5) Manifest Destiny was belief that God had destined (already planned) the U.S. to spread across the continent from Atlantic to Pacific.
54 40 OR FIGHT 1) Was the campaign slogan of James K. Polk and the Democrats in 1844 2) It meant that Polk was willing to go to war with Britain over the Oregon boundary if Britain did not agree to the boundary at 54 40 north latitude.
WAR WITH MEXICO (1846-1848) 1) Fought between U.S. and Mexico over the annexation of Texas by the U.S. 2) American victory in this war forced Mexico to cede (give up) land to the U.S. under the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Mexico also agreed to recognize the Rio Grande river as the boundary between U.S. and Mexico.
WAR WITH MEXICO (CONT.) 3) The land ceded (given up) included all of what is now the American Southwest. (called the Mexican Cession) 4) The U.S. paid Mexico $15 million for this land.
WAR WITH MEXICO (CONT.) 5) Most Democrats (South and West) favored the war. 6) Most Whigs (North and West) were opposed to the war. 7) The U.S. would later purchase more land from Mexico on the Arizona border with Mexico (the Gadsden Purchase) for $10 million.
WAR WITH MEXICO (CONT.)
WILMOT PROVISO (1846) 1) Proposed by Whig congressman from Pa. David Wilmot 2) This was an amendment to a funding bill that would have forbidden slavery in any of the territories won in war with Mexico. 3) The bill passed the House (Northern controlled) but was defeated in the Senate (blocked by Southern senators).
WILMOT PROVISO (CONT.)
WEBSTER-ASHBURTON TREATY (1842) 1) Between the U.S. and Great Britain 2) Ended a dispute about the border between Maine and New Brunswick that had threatened to lead to war. 3) A compromise border was reached.
MANIFEST DESTINY 1) Popular belief of most U.S. citizens, particularly Southerners, that the U.S. had a divine mission to extend its civilization across the North American continent. 2) This belief reached its height in the 1840s.
MANIFEST DESTINY (CONT.) 3) Several factors led to this belief, including: A) Nationalism B) An increase in population C) Rapid economic development D) Technological advancements E) Reform ideals
MANIFEST DESTINY (CONT.)
OREGON TRAIL 1) Westward settlement route leading from Independence, Missouri to the Oregon Country 2) Was the major westward migration route for American settlers
OREGON TRAIL (CONT.)
THE 49ERS 1) Gold was discovered in California in 1848. 2) This set off a gold rush to California, starting in 1849. 3) These gold-seekers became known as 49ers.
49ERS 4) The gold rush to California was followed by gold or silver rushes in Colorado, Nevada, and the Dakotas.