Name: Date: Period: VUS6b: Expansion Notes VUS6b: Expansion 1
Objectives about Expansion and the Coming of the Civil War VUS6 VUS7 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the major events from the last decade of the eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth century by b) identifying the economic, political, and geographic factors that led to territorial expansion and its impact on the American Indians The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Civil War and Reconstruction Era and their importance as major turning points in American history by a) evaluating the multiple causes of the Civil War, including the role of the institution of slavery as a principal cause of the conflict Manifest Destiny Main idea: Americans moved west, energized by their belief in the rightful expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Why It Matters Now: The South and Southwest are now the fastest growing regions of the United States I The Frontier Draws Settlers A American Mission 1 dreamed of the United States developing into an Empire for Liberty with enough room for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation 2 Manifest Destiny def a They believed that this destiny was manifest, or b Term was promoted by the editor of the United States Magazine and Democratic Review to describe the annexation of Texas in 1845 B Other Reasons for Westward Migration 1 led people west to search for new economic opportunities (commerce) 2 Opportunity for 3 Easier access to for trade 4 Escape Notes VUS6b: Expansion 2
The United States in 1830 Directions: Using p 296 of the text or a map you find on the internet, label the following on the map below: Louisiana Territory, Oregon Territory, Mexico, British North America Color in the United States, Mexico, Oregon (different colors please!) Expansion in Texas Main idea: Mexico offered land grants to American settlers, but conflict developed over religion and other cultural differences, and the issue of slavery Why It Matters Now: Today, the state of Texas shares and important trading partnership with Mexico I Americans Settle in the Southwest A Mexico in 1821 1 Southwest states that used to be a part of Mexico a B The Impact of Mexican Independence 1 New Challenges a Mission system b needed c New ways of the vast Mexican territory needed Notes VUS6b: Expansion 3
2 Solutions a Mission lands were given to b Mexico opened up c Mexico invited C Mexico Invites US Settlers 1 To protect the territory from Native American attacks, the Mexican government encouraged American farmers to 2 Land grants were given to agents known as 3 In exchange for cheap land, Empresarios had to pledge to 4 was a very successful empresario and attracted many American families to Texas a Bought land grants and started a colony giving 177 acres to each of his chosen families b Becomes known as the 5 People left the US to a $125/acre in the US, only 125 cents/acre in Texas II Texas Fights for Independence A Come to Texas 1 Tensions grew over the following issues a Cultural differences Notes VUS6b: Expansion 4
b Mexico had, while the settlers c Mexico s religion was, while US settlers were 2 Shifting Demographics By 1835 there were: a 3,500 Tejanos (Mexican-Texans) b 12,000 Native Americans c 5,000 African Americans d 45,000 US settlers 3 Mexico s Response a Napoleon of the West served as president of Mexico b 1830 c Taxed US imports B Texas Revolution 1 Austin travelled to Mexico City with a petition for a Santa Anna refused, imprisoned Austin for inciting rebellions and revoked local powers in Texas and other Mexican states 2 Rebellions erupted in Texas C Remember the Alamo 1 Texans drove Mexican forces from the Alamo Notes VUS6b: Expansion 5
2 March 6, 1836-3 Became legendary almost immediately after it ended 4 5 April 21, 1836 a led a Texan force and quickly defeated the Mexican army b Forced Santa Ana to sign the Treaty of Velasco D Texas Joins the Union 1 March 2, 1836 Texas declared its independence from Mexico liking themselves to American colonists in the 1700s 2 March 16, 1838 Texas ratifies its Constitution and becomes the Republic of Texas with Sam Houston as president 3 1838 Sam Houston invited the US to annex Texas, the US did, but not until 1845 The War with Mexico (1846-1848) Main idea: Tensions over the annexation of Texas led to war with Mexico, resulting in huge territorial gains for the United States Why It Matters Now: The United States has achieved its goal of expanding across the continent from east to west I Polk Urges War A Polk s Election Notes VUS6b: Expansion 6
1 President Polk won his election on the campaign promise the US would fulfill its manifest destiny and expand further west 2 Tension with Mexico over the allowed him to provoke Mexico into a war B II The War Begins A Disagreements over the US and Mexican Border 1 Mexico established the border 2 US claimed it had rights to land all the way 3 Polk orders General Zachary Taylor to set up a blockade at the Rio Grande B First Skirmish 1 Mexico claims the US invaded and sent troops across the Rio Grande 2 3 Polk asks Congress to declare war a b Senate votes 40-2 for war C The Republic of California 1 Prior to the war, 2 1846 a group of American settlers declared California 3 Extremely short-lived US forces invaded and took over D The War in Mexico 1 Mexican army compared to the US military who had the best officers fresh out of West Point, including 2 was exiled in Cuba devised a scheme to regain his presidency in Mexico and control of the military 3 Notes VUS6b: Expansion 7
III America Gains the Spoils of War A Losses 1 Out of evenly numbered armies (roughly 75,000) each a Mexico lost 25,000 men b US lost 13,000 (only 2,000 to war the rest due to diseases) B Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1 2 The US paid Mexico for the territory C Gadsden Purchase 1 1853 President Franklin Pierce would authorize James Gadsden to pay Mexico an additional $10million for a piece of territory south of the Gila River 2 III The California Gold Rush A The Beginning 1 May 29, 1848 the San Francisco newspaper, The Californian, published an article reporting that there had been 2 Migration to California went from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in 1850 3 Forty-Niners B Gold Rush Brings Diversity 1 California s population grew to by 1850 (only in 1840) 2 were the largest group to come from overseas 3 Wealthiest in the country would reside in California 4 Became a state in Notes VUS6b: Expansion 8
The United States in 1860 Directions: Using p 296 of the text or a map you find on the internet, label the following on the map below: Texas, Indian Territory, New Mexico Territory, California, Oregon, Washington Territory, Nebraska Territory, Utah Territory, Kansas Territory Color in the territories/states that were added after 1830 one color and the rest of the US that were part of the US prior to 1830 another color Notes VUS6b: Expansion 9
Glossary VUS6b Expansion Directions: Fill in the definition for the term listed Then, in the box on the right, you have to draw a picture OR write the definition in your own words OR write a sentence using the word that demonstrates its meeting Manifest Destiny Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Empressario Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Gadsden Purchase Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Forty-Niners Processing (Illustration, Summarization, or Sentence) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 10
Summary DIRECTIONS: Choose only one of the following: a) write a summary (25-75 words) of what you believe was the most important aspect of the notes/lecture b) write what you believe to be the most interesting or memorable part of the notes/lecture (25-75 words) c) draw something that symbolizes the notes/lecture to you (has to be different than your title page) Notes VUS6b: Expansion 11