EOC Test Preparation: Expansion and the Antebellum Period
Territorial Expansion Northwest Territory, Northwest Ordinance Guidelines on how new states could be admitted Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin No slavery
Territorial Expansion Louisiana Purchase (1803) President Jefferson wanted to secure US trading on the Miss. R. Bought from France Haiti revolt, French- British war Doubled the size of the US
Territorial Expansion Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark sent to find water route to Pacific Ocean Gathered info on the OR and LA territories 1804-06 Led to mass migration to Pacific NW
Territorial Expansion War of 1812 Native Americans and settlers not getting along in the new territories British had a strong presence in Canada and were allies of the Native Americans British were impressing US sailors (taking captive and forcing them to work on British ships)
Territorial Expansion War of 1812 (cont.) British invaded and burned Washington, DC in August US won a victory at battle of Ft. McHenry Francis Scott Key: Star Spangled Banner US Commander Andrew Jackson won victories over the Creek Indians at Battle of Horseshoe Bend and against British forced at Battle of New Orleans
Territorial Expansion War of 1812 (cont.) Treaty of Ghent did not grant any land against to the US, but: Miss. R. and frontier open, meaning more western migration US could defend itself and interests Nationalism
Monroe Doctrine Era of Good Feelings: left over pride from War of 1812 President James Monroe issued the doctrine in 1823 US would not allow European intervention in independent nations in Americas No more colonization by Europeans US would view any actions as aggressive and respond with force
Manifest Destiny America s destiny, and divine right, to expand and possess all land between the Atlantic and Pacific
Manifest Destiny Missouri Compromise Admission of Missouri would mess up the balance between slave and free state. Decision: all states south of 36 d. north would be slave, those to the north would be free Missouri = slave Maine = free
TX: Independence and Annexation 1821 Mexico controlled TX which had a lot of US settlers Santa Anna tightened control, Texans rebelled under Sam Houston s leadership Texans declared their own independence, Mexico responded with military force (The Alamo) All Texans killed
TX: Independence and Annexation Texans eventually made a comeback and took Santa Anna hostage Agreed to Texas being free and pulled back troops Texas wanted to be annexed, but issue over TX being admitted as a slave state Potentially multiple slave states? Became a state in 1845
TX: Independence and Annexation James K. Polk wins election as a Democrat President John Tyler (pre-polk) urged Congress to admit Texas 1845
Oregon 1827 Oregon territory Britain and US would both occupy the area Polk argued with Britain over the territory 54-50, or fight! Established the northern border with Canada that we know today (1846)
Mexican-American War June 1845, Polk ordered Gen. Zachary Taylor to TX border John Slidell went to Mexico to settle disputes over the border and negotiate purchase of CA and NM Mexican president wouldn t meet, US troops pushed into disputed area, Mexican troops attacked Polk demanded that Congress declare war due to shed American blood on American soil
Mexican-American War US won multiple victories Sept. 1847, US troops moved into Mexico City and forced Mexico to surrender Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in Feb 1848 Give territory to US and final southern border of the US would be Rio Grande 1853: issues still existed President Pierce sent Gadsden to purchase land for RR. Gadsden Purchase gave US New Mexico and Arizona
Trail of Tears Cherokee in NC and GA Good relationship with American settlers, even fought in War of 1812 Gold discovered in GA land 1830: Indian Removal Act Supreme Court said this couldn t be forced, Jackson would not enforce decision
California Compromise of 1850 Gold Rush 1849 CA population increased, need for own government Admitted as a free state
Sectional Differences West Reasons to move west: Religion gold Comstock Lode Land
Sectional Differences Econ. Differences between North and South Cotton Gin King Cotton Interchangeable parts Mass production Widely used in industry and factories
Political Differences South and West: Federal government should be restricted, allow states/territories govern themselves Slavery Small business vs. big business North: Strong central government for national unity/consistency Free Big business
Election of 1824 North: John Quincy Adams South: William Crawford West: Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson Election came down to Jackson and Adams, HOR had to decide the winner Clay threw support to Adams, wins Jackson protested b/c Clay was being named Sec. of State. Corrupt Bargain Jackson wins against Adams 4 years later
Universal Suffrage Jacksonian Democracy Western expansion Rights of white settlers All white men should be free to vote, not just those who owned property Country becomes more democratic and enabled all (white) men to have a voice
Spoils System, Strict interpretation, Laissez- Faire Jackson would reward supporters with gov. positions Although he sometimes pushed the powers of the presidency, he had a literal view of the Constitution No regulation for business or pass policies to help US businessmen Allows a level playing field for all
Spoils System, Strict interpretation, Laissez- Faire Jackson vs. Second National Bank (1832) Jackson saw the bank as unconstitutional Political enemies pushed for the bank to apply for its charter early so that it would pose a threat during the election, but Public agreed with Jackson, wins reelection Bank lost its charter Federal money placed in state banks This lead to an economic crisis
Two-Party System Issues within the Democratic-Republican Party led to a break up Democrats National Republicans Some of these people formed a new party: Whigs
Social Reforms Society changed in beneficial ways Second Great Awakening: Christian preachers traveled preaching the Gospel and calling on believers to be socially active and change society Temperance Movement: against alcohol Abolitionist Movement: against slavery Former slaves, Quakers, MC whites, educated, church people Women s Rights Movement