Chapter 9 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Alabama Standard Describe the impact of technological inventions, conditions of labor and economic theories of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism during the the Industrial Revolution of the economies, societies and politics of Europe Identify important inventers in Europe during the Industrial Revolution Comparing the Industrial Revolution in England to later revolutions in Europe Ch.9 Section 1 (page #283) Industrial Revolution Increased production of machine-made goods which began in England in the mid 1700 s Agriculture Revolution Wealthy landowners New agriculture methods Forced small farmers to move or become tenants 1
Industrial Revolution in Britain (pg. #283) Enclosures Area where landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods with the hope of increasing crop yields Industrial Revolution in Britain (pg. #283) Crop rotations System of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land Industrial Revolution in Britain (pg.284) Seed Drill Invented by Jethro Tull Crops in rows and specific depth Robert Bakewell Increased sheep size Only allowed the best sheep to breed 18 to 50 lbs. 2
Industrial Revolution in Britain (pg.284) Industrialization Development of industries for the machine production of goods Factors of Production Resources needed to produce goods and services. Land, labor and wealth e.g., Water, coal, iron ore, inland rivers harbors Inventions Spur Industrialization (pg.284) Political Stability No wars on British soil Laws encouraged/protect business ventures Developed banking system Bank loans for machinery investment Inventions Spur Industrialization (pg.286) British Textile Industry Water Frame, Spinning Mule, Power Loom Factories Large building containing machines used to manufacture goods 3
Improvements in Transportation (pg.287) Entrepreneur Person who organizes, manages and takes risks of a business Inventions Spur Industrialization (pg.287) Improvements in Transportation Canals: man made waterways Roads (Turnpikes) More Powerful Steam- Engines (Train) Railroads How it works 4
Inventions Spur Industrialization (pg.287) Invention of Steam Engine Richard Trevithick (1804) George Stephenson Improved Engine design Built 27 mile railroad (1825) 24 miles per hour (mph) carrying 13 tons Inventions Spur Industrialization (pg.288) Benefits Railroads 1. 2. 3. 4. Sec. 2 Industrialization Changes Life Urbanization Growth of cities and the migration of people into them Many European cities population doubled or quadrupled (4x) Factories built near sources of energy London becomes largest city 5
Industrialization Changes Life (page #290) Living Conditions Sewage/sanitation, city planning, police, housing, education Women and Children favored in mines/cheap labor Average life span 17 years for workers Industrialization Changes Life (page #291) Working Conditions 14 hour work day, 6 days a week Worked all year round Class Tensions Grow (page #291) Middle Class Social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers Upper middle class: Dr., government employees, lawyers and managers Lower middle class: tool makers, mechanical drafters and printers 6
Class Tensions Grow (page #291) Working Class Little improvement in working/living conditions Machines takeover Workers riot Positive Effects Created jobs National wealth grew Increased production Educational opportunities Class Tensions Grow (page #292) Case Study: Child Labor(pg. 292) Children worked with parents Beatings Working class standard of living increased Factory Act 1819 Sec.3 Industrial Development in the United States Industrialization in the U.S U.S same natural resources as Britain Blockade from the War of 1812 caused U.S to manufacture what they were unable to import Britain forbade engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country 7
Sec.3 Industrial Development in the United States Samuel Slater Built spinning machine from memory/partial design Father of American Industrial Revolution Sec.3 Industrial Development in the United States Francis Cabot Lowell Mechanized every stage of cloth manufacturing town in Massachusetts named after he passed Later expansion of U.S Industry Increase in railroads, Light bulb and telephone Sec.3 Industrial Development in the United States Stock Rights to ownership in a company Corporation A business owned by stockholders who share in the profits but are not personally responsible for the debt 8
Sec.3 Industrial Development in the United States Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel Company Wanted to control every aspect of their industry to maximize profits by reducing the cost of production Sec.3 Continental Europe Industrializes French Revolution and Napoleonic wars interrupted trade and communication and caused inflation Belgium 1 st European country to copy Great Britain Had rich iron ore deposits British merchants built industrial enterprise in Belgium Sec.3 Continental Europe Industrializes Germany Politically divided, scattered natural resources Coal rich Ruhr Valley industrialized Imported British Engineers and machines Sent Children to Britain to be educated 9
Sec.3 Continental Europe Industrializes Spain produced cotton Northern Italy mechanized textile production/silk spinning Serfs ran factories in Russia France s agricultural economy limited their industrialization Sec.3 The Impact of Industrialization Impact of Industrialization Widened inequality between non-industrialized and industrialized countries Industrialized countries seized colonies for economic resources Imperialism Extending a country s rule over another country politically, economically or socially ***T0day in World History*** The first colonial constitution is adopted in Connecticut (1639) Treaty of Paris is ratified, ending the U.S Revolutionary war (1784) Roosevelt begins Japanese-American internment (1942) George Wallace inaugurated as Alabama governor (1963) Diana Ross and the Supremes perform their final concert (1970) Undefeated Dolphins defeat the Redskins in Super Bowl VII (1973) United Nations vote deplores Soviet intervention in Afghanistan (1980) 10
Sec.4 The Philosophers of Industrialization Laissez Faire Economic policy letting industry and business set working conditions without interference Sec.4 The Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith Wrote Wealth of a Nation (1776) in defense of the idea of a free economy or free markets. He believed economic liberty guaranteed economic progress Sec.4 The Philosophers of Industrialization Wealth of a Nation s 3 natural laws of economics Law of self-interest - People work for their own good Law of competition - Competition forces people to make a better product Law of supply and demand - Enough goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand in a market economy 11
Sec.4 The Philosophers of Industrialization Capitalism Economic system in which factors of production are privately owned and money is invested for a profit An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) Thomas Malthus Population greater than food supply War & epidemics needed to reduce extra population Sec.4 The Philosophers of Industrialization Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) Malthus Ricardo Underclass will always be poor Lower wages as the population increases Sect.4 The Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism Government action only useful if they promote greatest good for greatest number of people 12
Sec.4 Marxism: Radical Socialism Socialism Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all Government should plan economy rather than freemarket capitalism Sec.4 Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx Co-authored the Communist Manifesto Communist Manifesto (1848) Argued that human societies are divided into warring classes. The workers would overthrow the capitalist and would bring economic equality for all people. Sec.4 Marxism: Radical Socialism Communist Manifesto (1848) Argued that human societies are divided into warring classes. The workers would overthrow the capitalist and would economic equality for all people. Bourgeoisie haves Proletariats have nots 13
Sec.4 Marxism: Radical Socialism Communism A form of complete socialism. Economic system in which all means of production land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses-- are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally Sec.4 Labor Unions and Reform Law Union(s) Associations of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages Sec.4 Labor Unions and Reform Law Strike To refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands 14
Section 4 Reforming the Industrial World Reform Laws Factory Act of 1833- Ten Hours Act of 1847- National Child Labor Committee (1904)- U.S Supreme court- Section 4 Reforming the Industrial World William Wilberforce Led charge to end slavery in British Empire Jane Addams Set up over 10 boarding houses for women in Chicago DO NOT WRITE MEMES 15