GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES. Punya Prasad Neupane

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1 GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Punya Prasad Neupane

2 Presentation outline 2 Context Understanding governance Reimagining governance Government and governance Governance actors and their roles World governance indicators (WGI) Governance status in Nepal Issues and challenges

3 3 An exercise for identifying governance quality in Nepal Governance Characteristics Issues Actors involved Status Participation Rule of Law Consensus Oriented Equity and Inclusiveness Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and Efficiency

4 Context 4 Nepal has everything in place except effective and efficient governance. People are bound to bear all sorts of sufferings like corruption, discrimination, lawlessness and several other unethical practices while receiving public goods and services. Hence, we are in serious 'Governance crisis'.

5 Understanding governance 5 World Bank (1991) the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development World Bank (2006) the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised

6 Understanding 6 UNDP (1997) Governance is the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country s affairs at all levels. It comprises the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.

7 Reimagining governance 7 State Governance system Citizens

8 Participation Rule of Law Consensus Oriented Equity and Inclusiveness Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and Efficiency Pillars of governance 8 Good Governance Information and Communication Technology Governance, NASC 2015

9 Actors of governance and their roles 9 Change in governance philosophygovernance beyond government Mobilizing people s participation, promoting constructive engagement Civil Society State Creating favourable political, legal and economic environment Market Creating opportunities for people

10 10 World Governance Indicators: 6 Dimensional Framework: World Bank Voice and accountability Political stability and lack of violence Government effectiveness Regulatory quality Rule of law Control of corruption (Kaufmann-Kraay-Mastruzzi Worldwide Governance Indicators- World Bank) Governance, NASC 2015

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12 Governance status of Nepal Voice and Accountability Political Stability and Absence of Violence Government Effectiveness Regulatory Quality Rule of Law Control of Corruption Source: World Bank, 2014 Worldwide Governance Indicators.

13 Issues and challenges 13 Low accountability, responsiveness and transparency Rampant corruption Non-inclusive governance Low credibility of public institutions Over politicization in governance practices Low innovation in governance system

14 14 Issues

15 15 Strengthening state-people relationship State Interme diary People

16 Issues 16 Maintaining ethical standards Using politics for improve service delivery Rule of law Inclusive governance Innovative governance- use of technology

17 Reinforcing Governance Functions 17 Integrity Leadership Strategic Thinking Policy Gover nance System Political parities and environment Bureaucratic systems and culture International context Culture and social values Citizens

18 Enhancing Governance- A Framework 18 Capacity building Individual (Service Provider) Institution (Structure and system) Social Accountability Revisit, restruc ture Collective (Society, WPEs, Community of Practice) Empowerment, awareness, exp erience sharing Improved public service delivery

19 19 Thank you