Indonesian Reformasi as Reflected in Law

Transcription

1 Petra Stockmann Indonesian Reformasi as Reflected in Law Change and Continuity in Post-Suharto Era Législation on the Political System and Human Rights LIT

2 Indonesian Reformasi as Reflected in Law. Change and Continuity in Post-Suharto-Era Législation on the Political System and Human Rights Content 1. Introduction 1.1. Content outline Theoretical approach Research background Initial conceptional questions Oudine of approach Délimitations Modes of procédure and methodology Sources, translation and terminology Sources Translation Terminology New Order dominant discourse and its manifestation in législation 2.1. Key éléments of the New Order dominant discourse Conflicting concepts of state for an independent Indonesia New Order built on mass graves Pancasilcr. Five Principles for Old and New Order The 1945 Constitution Political System Human rights provisions in the 1945 Constitution Gleichschaltung under the New Order Pancasi/a-Democracy: Intégration rather than séparation of powers Législation pertaining to human rights Key stages for determining continuities and changes 3.1. "Habibie, an historié accident'? 65 vii

3 3.2. The 1998 MPR Spécial Session Composition of Indonesia's new Parliament Who's for Président? Other MPR décisions Overview of statutes Political System 4.1. Trading ABRI seats against électoral System "Abolish DudfungstV Proportional représentation or district System? Civil and political rights for civil servants? A new légal basis for political parties in Indonesia Higher ranking légal sources The 1999 Party Law in détail Preliminary assessment A légal framework for free and fair élections? Constitutional Amendments and MPR decrees The électoral System The élection administration Election monitoring Conditions concerning voting rights and modes of voter registration Limiting the party spectrum Election campaign Voting and vote counting processes Penalties Preliminary assessment Composition, rights and function of the Parliaments The People's Deliberative Assembly (MPR) Composition of the MPR Structure of the MPR and rights of its members Modes and stages of décision making The People's Représentative Council (DPR) Composition of the DPR Rights, authority and fonctions of die DPR 159

4 Structure of the DPR Législative process Modes of décision making in the DPR Preliminary assessment The Executive Repealing the just granted extraordinary Presidential powers Presidential prérogatives only incrementally decreased Direct Presidential élections? Who is the next in line of power? A'Constitutional coup'? No more Constitutional change concerning the Présidents 'aides' Preliminary assessment Judicial System and law enforcement MPR confessions ofmistakes and calls for change Change or non-change? Related législation Preliminary assessment New législation concerning human rights 5.1. Background setting The Vienna Déclaration and Indonesia's tentative answer Triple codification of basic human rights and duties The Human Rights Action Plan Analysis of the Human Rights Action Plan Preliminary Assessment Right to Life The right to life as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment Right to found a family and rights of the child The right to found a family as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Rights of the child in the Human Rights Law and

5 related législation Preliminary assessment Right to self-development The right to self-development as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment Right to justice The right to justice as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment Right to liberty The right to liberty as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Related législation Ratification ofllo Conventions The new Law on Labour Unions Législation on Freedom to Convey an Opinion in Public Amendment of the Criminal Code Other related législation Preliminary assessment Right to freedom of information Freedom of information as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Related législation: The new Press Law Preliminary assessment Right to safety The right to safety as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment Right to welfare The right to welfare as codified in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment 267

6 5.11. Obligations and limitations Obligations and limitations in Charter, Constitution and Law Preliminary assessment Promotion and protection of human rights Protection and promotion clauses in Charter, Constitution and Law Women's rights as stipulated in the Human Rights Law Related législation Preliminary assessment The National Human Rights Commission Komnas HAM Analysis of the new légal basis for Komnas HAM Preliminary assessment Human Rights Courts Provisions in the Human Rights Law Related législation: The Law on Human Rights Courts Preliminary assessment Conclusion A new balance between integralism and rechtsstaafi Higher ranking légal sources' stipulations on the political System New implementing législation concerning the political System New higher ranking législation with regard to human rights The Human Rights Law and implementing législation New Order dominant discourse outliving New Order Epilogue Annex 8.1. Documentation: The Indonesian Constitution and its First and Second Amendment Documentation: The Universal Déclaration of Human Rights The Human Rights Charter Bibliography 376