illegal taxation) Rule of law extended to the king Petition of Right to Charles 1 No taxes without parliamentary approval, parliament meets

Transcription

1 Chapter 1 GOVERNMENT Social Studies 11 Winston Churchill It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT What would happen if government control disappeared overnight? No rules No laws No speed limits No quality of life GOVERNMENT, FREEDOM and EQUALITY Freedom The rights of the individual are paramount Equality Individuals should be treated the same. Intellectual Freedom The right to think and believe what they wish Intellectual Equality Protected from unacceptable expressions of intellectual freedom ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND ECONOMIC EQUALITY Economic Freedom The right to own property, run business, invest, etc. Economic Equality The right to have adequate food, shelter and clothing THE EVOLUTION OF A VOICE IN GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Why three branches? LEFT WING, RIGHT WING From French Revolution (Assembly) Left Wing supports progress/change Right Wing supports status quo/no change/conservative DEMOCRACY DEMOS people KRATOS power rule by the people Birthplace is Athens Greece.( BCE) Male landowners could vote in this direct democracy (not representative) Females and slaves could not vote DEMOCRACY DIRECT DEMOCRACY - Athens (everyone votes directly) REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY - Canada (we elect representatives to represent us) CHRISTIANITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES All men are equal in the eyes of God Men must obey their king AND God Conflict between the two led to constitutions. ENGLAND 1215 King John forced to sign MAGNA CARTA. (Provided protection against illegal arrest,

2 illegal taxation) Rule of law extended to the king Petition of Right to Charles 1 No taxes without parliamentary approval, parliament meets regularly THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION Charles did not live by the Petition of Right. Civil War / Chuck lost / Beheaded Cromwell (Puritans) rule Charles 2 reigns but the age of divine right of kings was over. Parliament was supreme. UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE the right of all adult citizens to vote a relatively new concept NELLIE MCCLUNG It was through her hard work that Manitoba became the first province to grant women the right to run for public office and to vote. EMILY MURPHY DOWER ACT OF 1911 ALBERTA GOVERNMENT FORCED TO GIVE WOMEN 1/3 OF A HUSBAND S PROPERTY TO WIFE. LATER WORKED WITH NELLIE MCCLUNG ON UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE. (ONE OF THE FAMOUS FIVE ) ALSO WROTE UNDER THE PEN NAME OF JANEY CANNUCK ABOUT THE EVILS OF IMMIGRATION TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS MONARCHY power inherited CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCH OLIGARCHY power with a few ARISTOCRACY power with the elite or upper class DICTATORSHIP dictare = to order single leader not answerable to the people totalitarian government ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: PRIVATE OWNERSHIP AND ADAM SMITH Wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776 system governed by invisible hand government interference unnecessary Laissez-faire The market would determine viability CAPITALISM KARL MARX AND COMMUNISM Wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848 with Fredrich Engles invisible hand doesn t work Capitalism doesn t work Government should own the factors of production. Proletariat should overthrow the bourgeoisie COMMUNISM ACCORDING TO MARX AND ENGELS abolition of private ownership would occur in an industrialized country. (Britain or Germany) government would wither away eventually SOCIALIST DICTATORSHIP

3 LIBERAL Classical liberals believed in economic and intellectual freedom Reform liberals believe in economic equality John Maynard Keynes / deficit spending / economic equality. CONSERVATISM conservare to save traditional Edmund Burke believed monarch had the right to rule over parliament SOCIALISM Government should own essential services. economic equality Robert Owen ( ) set up New Harmony, Indiana. FASCISM First modern Fascist country Italy under Mussolini The Fasces is the symbol. Rods to control people. Axe symbolised execution if necessary National Socialists in Germany in 1933 Capitalist Dictatorship TOWARDS CANADIAN DEMOCRACY IROQUOIS Five Nations (Six later) introduce the longest living participatory democracy in the world. (Vancouver Sun Oct 11, 2003, C4) CANADA Chinese and aboriginals prohibited from voting in BC. (1874) Voters no longer have to own property. (1876) Japanese disenfranchised in BC (1888) Hindus disenfranchised in BC (1907) Women get vote in Manitoba (1916) Women in military or with relatives in the war allowed to vote (1917) (Vancouver Sun Oct 11, 2003, C4) Women allowed to vote federally (1918) Women allowed to run federally (1919) Women get right to vote in Quebec (1940) First Nations given the right to vote (1960) Constitution and Charter of Rights repatriated People with disabilities guaranteed disability access at polls. (1992) Oct 11, 2003, C4) (Vancouver Sun Prisoners serving less than two years allowed to vote. (1992). Mentally disabled allowed to vote. (1993). All prisoners allowed to vote (1995) (Vancouver Sun Oct 11, 2003, C4) KEY MOMENTS ON CANADA S ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE BNA ACT 1867 BALFOUR REPORT Commonwealth countries equal STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER 1931 Canada given legal recognition of independence. (Full control of Foreign Affairs) 1947 British and Canadian citizenship seen as distinct 1949 Supreme Court not British Privy Council seen as highest court.

4 39 40 Constitution is REPATRIATED in TEST IN A WEEK The End JUST FOR FUN... FEUDALISM: You have two cows. Your lord takes some of the milk. PURE SOCIALISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a barn with everyone else's cows. You have to take care of all the cows. The government gives you as much milk as you need. BUREAUCRATIC SOCIALISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and puts them in a barn with everyone else's cows. They are cared for by ex-chicken farmers. You have to take care of the chickens the government took from the chicken farmers. The government gives you as much milk and as many eggs as the regulations say you should need. FASCISM: You have two cows. The government takes both, hires you to take care of them, and sells you the milk. PURE COMMUNISM: You have two cows. Your neighbours help you take care of them, and you all share the milk. RUSSIAN COMMUNISM: You have two cows. You have to take care of them, but the government takes all the milk. DICTATORSHIP: You have two cows. The government takes both and shoots you. SINGAPOREAN DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. The government fines you for keeping two unlicensed farm animals in an apartment. MILITARIANISM: You have two cows. The government takes both and drafts you. PURE DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. Your neighbors decide who gets the milk. REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. Your neighbors pick someone to tell you who gets the milk.

5 AMERICAN DEMOCRACY: The government promises to give you two cows if you vote for it. After the election, the president is impeached for speculating in cow futures. The press dubs the affair "Cowgate." BRITISH DEMOCRACY: You have two cows. You feed them sheep brains and they go mad. The government doesn't do anything. BUREAUCRACY: You have two cows. At first the government regulates what you can feed them and when you can milk them, then it pays you not to milk them. After that it takes both, shoots one, milks the other and pours the milk down the drain. Then it requires you to fill out forms accounting for the missing cows. ANARCHY: You have two cows. Either you sell the milk at a fair price or your neighbors try to kill you and take the cows. CAPITALISM: You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull. HONG KONG CAPITALISM: You have two cows. You sell three of them to your publicly -- listed company, using letters of credit opened by your brother-in-law at the bank, then execute a debt / equity swap with associated general offer so that you get all four cows back, with a tax deduction for keeping five cows. The milk rights of six cows are transferred via a Panamanian intermediary to a Cayman Islands company secretly owned by the majority shareholder, who sells the rights to all seven cows' milk back to the listed company. The annual report says that the company owns eight cows, with an option on one more. Meanwhile, you kill the two cows because the fung shiu is bad. ENVIRONMENTALISM: You have two cows. The government bans you from milking or killing them. FEMINISM: You have two cows. They get married and adopt a veal calf. TOTALITARIANISM: You have two cows. The government takes them and denies they ever existed. Milk is banned. COUNTER CULTURE: Wow, dude, there's like... these two cows, man. You got to have some of this milk. SURREALISM: You have two giraffes. The government requires you to take harmonica lessons. THE END