Ancient World Timelines World History Through the Renaissance Middle Ages Timelines Before the Renaissance Empires in Africa such as Ghana, Mali, and

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1 Ancient World Timelines World History Through the Renaissance Middle Ages Timelines Empires in Africa such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai came to power. Muhammad was told by the angel Gabriel to be a prophet of Allah (Arabic for God) and converted many Arab tribes to Islam. Islam spread across the Middle East, across North Africa, and into Western Europe. The Expansion of Islam After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the Roman Catholic Church had the most influence in Europe. The period of time from 476 AD to 1000 AD is also known as the Dark Ages. 1

2 Europe 815 The feudal system was the main social and political structure in Europe. About 98% of the people, p called peasants or serfs, were the poorest people and at the bottom of the structure. Serfs were essentially part of the land they worked on and needed the permission of their lord (the land owner) to leave. The Crusades 1000 AD to 1500 AD are also called the High Middle Ages. In Europe, this included the Crusades from 1095 AD to 1204 AD. In 1066, William the Conqueror took over England and established a strong monarchy. In 1215, nobles who were upset with King John s taxes forced him to sign the Magna Carta. In addition to limiting the King s power to tax, the Magna Carta protected basic liberties and rights. Before the Reniassance In 1347, The Plague or Black Death crossed Europe. It was spread by rats carrying fleas. In four years, between one third and one half of Europe s population died. People s faith in God was shaken, reducing the power and importance of the Roman Catholic Church. 2

3 Europe c Yes, there are a lot of slides and he sure is talking a lot better than reading 170 pages, isn t it? started in Italy in the 1300s. Renaissance French for rebirth After the Middle Ages, it is a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome. 8 Circuits of 13 th Century World Trade Causes of the Renaissance Increased trade with Asia and other regions as a result of the Crusades. Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy. Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome. Causes of the Renaissance Rise of rich and powerful merchants who became patrons of the arts. Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge. Desire to beautify cities. The Individual Leonardo da Vinci painted in this portrait of an upper-class woman with her pet ermine in about The emotion shown on the woman s face, her clothing and jewelry, and the way she holds her pet express her unique personality. 3

4 Realism and Classical Influence This statue by Michelangelo is of the Israelite king David. The muscular statue realistically portrays the human body. Its natural pose and perfection show the influence of classical Greek and Roman statues. Perspective In this painting, Pierro della Francesca used persepctive, a technique that shows distant objects smaller and closer together than nearer objects, to create the illusion of three dimensions on a flat or two-dimensional, surface. Beauty, Balance, and Harmony Trading goods and ideas led to the expansion of the Renaissance. In the mid 1400s, Johannes Gutenberg created the first movable type printing press in Europe. Gutenberg Printing Press Effects of the Gutenberg printing press. Invented in Germany. Press technology spreads. Easier and cheaper to make books. More books available. Ideas spread quickly. People want to learn to read. 4

5 Many writers and philosophers began to express their ideas. Desiderius Erasmus wrote about the need for a pure and simple Christian life. Sir Thomas More had a vision of a perfect society. Best known work was Utopia. Many writers and philosophers began to express their ideas. William Shakespeare English playwright who drew inspiration from classical and contemporary literature. Cristine de Pisan Italian born writer who focused on the role of women in society. In 1517 Catholic monk Martin Luther criticized the Catholic Church with his Ninety-five Thesis. This lead to the Protestant Reformation, the development of new ideas for Christian religion. The Protestant Reformation led to changes within the Catholic Church called the Counter-Reformation. Exploration of the World The spirit of discovery due to the Renaissance let to Europeans exploring more of the world in the 1400s and 1500s. Exploration of the World Exploration of the World Portugal and Spain, because of their location on the Iberian Peninsula, were the first European countries to start exploration. Eventually, English, French, and Dutch explorers joined them. 5

6 Explorers and their Routes Exploration and Trade With new colonies in the Americas and colonists to live and work there, came new items to trade. This system of trade, including animals, plants, and diseases, from the Americas to Europe, Africa, and Asia AND from Europe, Africa, and Asia to the Americas is called the Columbian Exchange. Exploration and Trade People from Europe had some immunity to the diseases of the continent. These included diseases such as cholera, influenza, malaria, measles, and small pox. When these diseases were introduced to native Americans, up to 90% were killed because they had no immunity built up. Assignment The Columbian Exchange. When you finish the assignment, you want to know that tomatoes, corn, and peanuts came from the Americas. 6

7 Exploration and Trade The trade of plant and animals eventually helped people to live longer. Countries tried to develop a favorable balance of trade with other nations. Trade led to capitalism economic activity carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to make a profit. Exploration and Trade New colonies needed labor. Millions of Africans were the primary source of slave labor. Slaves worked under terrible conditions once they arrived in European colonies. Atlantic Slave Trade Atlantic Slave Trade Assignment Olaudah Equiano Biography. Monarchies Guess what!! He s almost finished!! Countries such as Spain and France had absolute monarchies. Power was not limited it by having to consult with others. They believed their power was from God and must not be challenged they ruled by divine right. 7

8 Monarchies In England, the King or Queen had to work with Parliament. In addition to the Magna Carta, Parliament limited the English monarchy with the English Bill of Rights. TAKING NOTES You need to have your own notes (not copies of this printout) for the slides on. There are 5 slides to take notes from (you do not have to draw a picture of John Locke). These notes are an assignment. As England s government grew, the power of Parliament to accept or reject taxes became more important. In the early 1600 s, Britain s kings began to claim absolute control over Parliament. A civil war broke out between those who supported the king and those who supported Parliament. During this time, one of the most important thinkers to influence democracy was John Locke. Believed that people p had natural rights. The government had a social contract to protect those rights and, if government failed to do so, a rebellion was a lawful course of action. Locke believed the best way to protect the natural rights of the people was to limit the power of government. John Locke ( ) 1704) By the late 1600s, Parliament s supporters were victorious. In 1689, Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights. 8

9 declared that Parliament would choose who ruled the country; stated the ruler would be subject to Parliamentary laws; could not impose taxes without Parliament s consent; could not interfere with the election of members of Parliament; protected private citizens from government injustice. was a turning point by defining the rights of individuals and placing limits on government power. served as a model for the United States Constitution. Monarchies In Russia, the monarchs were called czars (also spelled tsars). Though absolute monarchs, there was a strong influence by the nobility. Rulers in central Europe were never absolute monarchs. This included the countries of Austria and Prussia. CONGRATULATIONS!! You survived the slide show with some notes and activities next is an assignment about the Glorious Revolution followed by a movie and video guide!! 9