!!! School&of&Law& !!! LAW204!CONTRACTS!B! ! 2014!! NOTES!

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Duane Daniels
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1 Schl&f&Law& LAW204CONTRACTSB 2014 NOTES

2 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes LAW204CONTRACTSB COURSEOUTLINE Intrductin& Cursedescriptin Cntracts)B cmpletes yur studies in the Australian law f cntract. In this curse yu will cnsider rules cncerning perfrmance, terminatin and remedies fr breach and yu will examine a range f factrs that may impact n the enfrceability f a cntract. One f the themesweexplreistheencrachmentnfreedmfcntractbyprinciplesfjusticeandfair dealingasdevelpedbythecurtsfequityandlatterly,andincreasingly,byparliaments.yu will cntinue t develp yur skills f case reading and analysis and yur skills f statutry interpretatin. Tpics' Thetpicscveredinthiscursewillbe: 1. VitiatingFactrs misrepresentatinandmisleadingcnduct mistakeandnn)est)factum uncnscinablecnductandthirdparties duress undueinfluence illegalityandpublicplicy 2. Perfrmanceandbreach 3. Terminatin breach frustratin 4. Remedies damages accuntfprfits restitutin specificperfrmance injunctins 2

3 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes LAW204CONTRACTSB 2014 Weeks'One'and'Tw''Misrepresentatin'and'Misleading'Cnduct''' Tpic&cmmences&with&cmmn&law&misrepresentatin&and&then&cnsiders&the&very&imprtant& statutry&prvisin:&s&18&australian*cnsumer*law&and&assciated&prvisins&dealing&with&remedies.& Misrepresentatin&is&a&trt;based&cncept.& & Reading:) Casebk:&Ch&18&&&19& PRD:&Ch&32;33&&&Ch&39&fr&rescissin& Carter:&Ch&22&&&23&& & Further&reading:& Seddn,Bigwd&Ellinghaus:Ch11 WCBD:Ch13 Cases:& Edgingtn)v)Fitzmaurice[1885]29ChD459[CB18Z07C] misrepresentatin:deceit Derry)v)Peek(1889)14AppCas337 misrepresentatin:deceit Krakwski)v)Eurlynx)Prperties)(1995)183CLR563 fraudprve nhnestbeliefintruth Are)(1985)157CLR215[18Z37C] testfrreliance;damagesredeceit Hlmes)v)Jnes[1907]4CLR1692[CB18Z13C] testfrdeceit(fraud);reliance Hedley)Byrne)v)Heller)(1964)AC465 develpmentftrtfnegligentmisstatement Shaddck)v)Cuncil)f)the)City)f)Parramatta(1981)150CLR225[CB18Z45C] trtf negligencefrmisstatement Cstal)Estates)v)Melevende[1965]VR433[CB18Z70C] affirmatinrequiresknwledgefthe facts Alati)v)Kruger(1955)94CLR216[CB18Z63C] Equityaidswhenrestitutintpssible Vadasz)v)Pineer)Cncrete)(SA))P/L)1995)184CLR102[CBp457]PRD[39Z45] Byers)v)Drtea)Pty)Ltd)(1986)69ALR715 rescissinandwhatisaffirmatin;valuefs18 vergenerallaw Demaggue)v)Ramensky)(1992)110ALR608 whilendutytdisclsegenerally mustds wherefailureamuntstmrd Henj)Investments)Pty)Ltd)v)Cllins)Marrickville)Pty)Ltd)(1988)79ALR83[CB19Z25C] whatis MrD? Accunting)Systems)2000)(Develpments))Pty)Ltd)v)CCH)Australia)Ltd)(1993)114ALR355 [CB19Z31C] Yrke)v)Lucas(1985)158CLR661 whenisthereliabilityfrpassingnerrneusinfrmatin Futuretrnics)Internatinal)Pty)Ltd)v)Gadzhis)[1992]2VR217nted[CB19Z37] Butcher)v)Lachlan)Elder)Realty)Pty)Ltd)[2004]HCA60nted[CB19Z38] The)Saints)Gallery)Pty)Ltd)v)Plummer)(1988)80ALR525 Statute:& 3

4 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Australian)Cnsumer)Law:esps18;alss4andss232Z235;236;237&238;244;s243 Reading'(text'statute'cases):' The)Saints)Gallery)Pty)Ltd)v)Plummer)(1988)80ALR525 Casebk:'Ch'18' Fraudulentmisrepresentatin Amisrepresentatinwhichisfalsettheknwledgeftherepresentrrmade recklessly Inncentmisrepresentatin Amisrepresentatinwhichisntfraudulent Misrepresentatin Arepresentatinthatdesntrecrdwiththetruefacts(pastrpresent) Negligentmisrepresentatin Amisrepresentatinmadeinbreachfadutyfcare Representatin Astatementffactmadebytherepresentrtinducereliancebythe representee Rescissin Theexercisefarighttrescindwhichbringsabutarescissinfthecntract sthatitisdeemedneverthaveexisted Restitutiinintergrum Substantialrestratin Therequirementfrescissinthatthepartiesberestred(substantially)tthe prezcntractualpsitins Classificatinfmisrepresentatinimprtantttheremediesavailable Misrepresentatininducingacntract " Representsthehastherighttrescind " Righttdamagesintrtnlyavailableifmisrepresentatinwas fraudulentrnegligent Elements f misrepresentatin Threeelementsfactinablemisrepresentatin Mustbeafalsestatementffact " Excludessilenceandstatementsfintentin,Astfuturematters, pininandlaw Statementmustbematerial Statementmusthavebeenandinducement " Representrmusthaveintendedtinduce " Representeemusthavebeeninfluencedbytherepresentatin " presumethatanycntractenteredintfllwingamisrepresentatin wasinducedbyit 4

5 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Principal cases Representatinmustbeneffact EdgingtnvFitzmaurice " EdgingtnreceivedAcircularfrmacmpanyinvitinginvestment Heerrneuslybelievedtbencheswuldbeachargeverthe prpertymentined Saidhewuldnthavesubscribedunlesshewasthavea charge Onfactthatcmpanywasraisingmneyfrbjectsstatedin circular Relianceelement HlmesvJnes " AgreedtpurchasePastralprperty bendeena " Suedfrdamagesfrfraudulentmisrepresentatininducingthecntract andbreachfwarranty " Letterfrmdefendantsagentstplaintiffrepresentednumberfcattle was2942andnumberfbullcksbrnin1903wasabut1337 Allegedthatthestatementswereuntruettheknwledgefthe defendants Agentwasunawareftheinaccuracy Defendantsreliednquarterlyreturns Inaccurateasmanycattlesld Purchasergtantheragenttdreprtwhichwasbasedn inaccuratefiguresals Crrectfiguresfrwardednbefrewenttcntract " Purchaserreliednearlyfiguresandwnagent sreprtwrkand ignredlastcmmunicatin " Ndamageprvedsnbreachfwarranty RedgravevHurd NegtiatinsfrHuseandpartnershipinlawfirm Onlyhusementinedincntract Lawfirmrepresentedatapprximately 300peryear " Businesssummariesshwingapprximately 200peryear " Daybkshwntexplaindifference Actuallycntainstruefigures 5peryear Defendantpaid 100depsit DiscveredBusinesswrthless Mvedutfhuseandrefusedtcmpletepurchase Plaintiffcmmencedprceedingsfrspecificperfrmance Defendantallegedcntractntbindingasinducedbymisrepresentatin " Casetreatedasinncentmisrepresentatin Entitledtrescindcntract Materialrepresentatinissufficient RestcveredinPRD 5

6 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Casebk:'Ch'19' ACL cveredinprd PRD:'Ch'32' Misrepresentatin' amisrepresentatinisafalsestatementmadeexpresslyrimpliedlyby1party (representr)tanther(representee)tinducethemtenterintacntract. Representeemustshw Misled Reliednpsitivemisrepresentatinffactbytherepresentr Canclaim " rescissinfcntract setasideabiniti(frmthebeginning) partiesrestredtstatusquantethecntract(psitinbefre enteredintcntract) mayntalwaysbepssible egthirdpartymayhaveacquiredprpertyetc " damages nlyavailableiftrtestablished deceit negligence needprffculpabilityinmakingthefalsestatement " fraudfrdeceit " carelessnessinbreachfadutyfcarein negligence " alsrequireprffdamageandreliance " bthrecissinanddamages " Cmmnlawremedies Ifrepresentrsuesrepresentee>mayusemisrepresentatinasdefence Statutecversthis " ACLs18(1)prhibitsmisleadinganddeceptivecnductintrader cmmerce " Misrepresentatinstillimprtant Legislatinnlycvers intradercmmerce Cnceptsincmmnlawftenusedtinterpretstatute ReliedupnasalternativetACLandreliefmaybegranted undermisrepresentatinevenwhenaclapplies 6

7 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Psitive misrepresentatin f fact Mustbestatementrexistingrpastfact GivenvPryr Excludes Puff Statementsfpininrfutureintent Representatinsflaw " MisrepresentatinsabutGenerallawnly RestrictMisrepresentatintrepresentatinsffactftenunsatisfactry Negligence(trt)cversuntrueinfrmatinandunsundadvice Wascnductfrepresentrsuchthatmightbereasnablyreliednbythe representee Ifstatementisambiguus Needtascertainmeaning " Thesenseinwhichtherepresentatinwuldbeunderstdbya reasnablepersninthepsitinftherepresentee Krakwski&v& Eurlynx&Prperties)(1995)183CLR563 fraudprve nhnestbelief intruth " Takerepresenteeexperienceintaccuntifstatementmadedirectly Differentmeaningsindifferentcntexts(ieifmadetdifferent representee) " Intentinsfrepresentr ntrelevanttdetermineiffalse Relevanttdetermineiffraudulent Puff and pinins Salestalkischaracterisedbyextravagantandclurfullanguagethatn reasnablepersnwuldtakeliterally " Simplexcmmendatinnnbligat(asimplecmmendatindesnt bind) Mrespecificmeanslesslikelypuffery MitchellvValherie " Nthingtspend perfectpresentatin>husewasntstructurally sundbutthisregardedaspuffery PryrvGiven " Awnderfulplacetlive>cnveyedfactthatlandfrurbanuse BissetvWilkinsn " Landsupprt2000sheep>nhistryfsheep>matterfpinin>nt liable SmithvLand&Huseprpertygrup " Amstdesirabletenant>wasarrearsinrent,nthergrundstback upstatement>liable 7

8 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Statement as t the future Statements f law Statementrprmisethatsmethingwillhappeninthefutureisnta misrepresentatinifitdesn'thappen Edgingtn&v&Fitzmaurice[1885]29ChD459[CB18Z07C] misrepresentatin: deceit " Directrsfacmpanysaidbrrwingstcmpletebuildingalteratins butwereactuallytrepaydebts>misrepresentedthinking> misrepresentatin BalfurvHllandiaRavensthrpeNL " BrayCJ ifyugtadepartmentstre,thewillsellyusmegdsfr 15%discunt isastatementffactabutthefuture Psitive misrepresentatin False impressins HCruledinDavidsecuritiesPtyLtdVCmmnwealthBankfAustralia " Restitutinaryclaimfrrecveryfmneypaidbymistakeisnbart recverythatthemistakewasneflaw MistakeflawprvidesabasisfraRestitutinaryclaim> misrepresentatinflawshuldprvidebasisfrrescissin " Fraudulentmisrepresentatinflawisbasisfrrelief Misrepresentatinfprivaterightsactinable Misrepresentatinffreignlawactinable Ndutyn1cntractingpartytdisclsematerialfactstthetherprirtthe cntract " Caveatemptr(buyerbeware) SmithvHughes " Failuretspeakmustntcreateafalseimpressin " Dutyfdisclsuremaybepresentduet specialrelatinshipbetweenparties naturefprpsedcntract Cnductmaycreatefalseimpressin " Ndsmilerwinkmaybepsitivemisrepresentatin WaltersvMrgan Dutyfdisclsurewhen " Statementmaybetrue>halftruthmaycausefalseimpressin 8

9 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Allfarmslet truealthughtenantsgivennticetquitnt specified>flaseimpressin DimmckvHallett " Eventsccursubsequentlytmakingstatementbutbefrecntract enteredint Arepresentatintrueattimemaybefalsifies,ttheknwledge ftherepresentr,bylaterevents Arepresentatinbelievedtrueattimethatdiscveredlatertbe falseshuldbedisclsed JnesvDumbrell " Truestatementattime>circumstanceschangedbefrecntract>n disclsure>damagesawardedindeceit " Buysharesfrmfamilymembertsupprttherfamily>sldthem instead Ifrepresentrdesn'tknwfchangesfalsifyingearlierstatement>curts implythatrepresentrhadcnditinthatnchangeinsituatin Special cntracts and relatinships cntracts f insurance uberrimaefidei(futmstgdfaith) Cntractfinsurance LegislatinZinsurancecntractsact1984(Cth)s21 Applicantmustdisclseallmaterialfactsknwnthim " Materialfactsdefinedininsurancecntractsact1984(Cth)s21(1) " Ensurescmpany sknwledgefrisk>cntractnreasnablyequal fting Cntracts f guarantee Ntuberrimaefideibutlimiteddutyfdisclsureisimpsed GdwinvNatinalBankfAustralia Cntractbetweencreditrandguarantr Guarantrprmisesthecreditrtmakegddefaultsfthedebtranddebtr getsbettertermsasmresecurity " Debtrknwsrisksandcantellguarantr Mustdisclsefactsnlyifnndisclsurewuldmisrepresentthe transactin WestpacbankingcrpratinvRbinsn " Bankdidn thavetrevealthataccunt verdrawntguarantr CmmercialbankfAustraliavAmadi 9

10 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes " Bankbundtrevealtguarantrthatverdraft nlytempraryandchequeshadbeen dishnured>saidtbeccurencesthat wuld ntexpecttexist Fiduciaryrelatinships Givesrisetdutyfdisclsure Fiduciary(undertakestactintheinterestsfantheregtakescarefcashfr anther)hasdutytbeneficiary " Mustavidcnflictfinterest " Ifenteringintcntractwithbeneficiarymusthaveamstample disclsurefeverything DaviesvLndn&PrvincialMarineInsuranceC McKenzievMcDnald " Agentwasfiduciary>abusedpsitintgetfarminexchangefr dwellinghewnedandresellfrprfit " Wasunderdutytdisclseandmisledher Fiduciarydutyincludesgivingadviceabutenteringintcntracts " Unsuitableadviceisbreachfduty HllywdvRadknight Cntractsfrthesalefland Ntcntractsuberrimaefidei " Iecaveatemptr " Unlessfiduciaryrelatnship " Disclsurerequiredfrlatentdefects?? Dutyfcare IfrepresentrhasDutyfcaretrepresenteehemayhaveanbligatint disclse " Otherwisenegligence(trt) Statute Mdifiesbligatins " Egfdlabellinglaws,cnsumercreditlawsetc Culpability misrepresentatinmaybeculpablerinncent culpablemisrepresentatinmaybe 10

11 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes fraudulent negligent bthpermitrescissin culpabilitydeterminesiftrthasbeencmmitted fraudulent misrepresentatin fraudis knwledgeffalsity absencefbeliefftruthfrepresentatin basisftrtfdeceit " deceitis falserepresentatin intentinthatrepresenteeshuldactinreliancen representatin causesdamage " Derry&v&Peek(1889)14AppCas337 misrepresentatin:deceitfraudif falsestatementmade Knwingly Withutbeliefinitstruth Recklessly(carlesswhetheritbetruerfalse) Ifrepresentrtrulybelievewhatstated>ntdeceit Thesenseinwhichtherepresentrintendedtherepresentatintbe understdisrelevanttthequestinwhethertherepresentatinwas fraudulentlymade Disclaimerfrespnsibilitynteffectivewrtfraudulentmisrepresentatin Negligent misrepresentatin 32.80) Ndamagesfrinncentmisrepresentatin UntilZHedley&Byrne&v&Heller)(1964)AC465 develpmentftrtfnegligent misstatement " Liabilityfrdamagesfranegligentmisstatement " Dutyttakereasnablecarethatinfrmatingivenisaccurateand advicegivenissund Determineifdutyfcarewed " NtjustApplyneighburtest(DnhueandStevensn) Reasnablyfreseeablepssibilityfdamage " Mrerestrictiveapprachtaken " Relatinship(nexus)betweenrepresentrandrepresentee Mutuallife&citizensassurancecvevatt " Specialrelatinship/nexusestablishedwherethespeakerrealisesr ughttrealisethattherecipientintendstrislikelytactnthe statementanditisreasnablefrtherecipienttsactinall circumstances Relevantcircumstancesinclude 11

12 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Naturefsubjectmatter Occasinftheinterchange Identityandrelativepsitinsfthepartiesasregards knwledgeandcapacity Themakerfthestatementmustknwrfreseethetypef purpsefrwhichtherecipientintendstusetheinfrmatin Shaddck&v&Cuncil&f&the&City&f&Parramatta(1981)150CLR225[CB18Z45C] trtfnegligencefrmisstatement " GibbsCJZthedutyshuldextendt persnswh,naseriusccasin, givecnsideredadvicefrinfrmatincncerningabusinessr prfessinaltransactin Skillremainsafactrindeterminingthereasnablenessf reliance Negligencecversinfrmatinandadvice " Advicemaytakethefrmfanpininastthefuture " Maydisclaimrespnsibilityfrstatementatthetimetavidadutyf care Wuldbereadrestrictively(likeexclusinclause) Inncentmisrepresentatin Ntfraudulentrnegligent " Ntliableintrt " Representeemaystillbeentitledtrescindthecntract Reliance by the representee RepresenteemustestablishacasualandntZtZremtelinkbetweenrepresentatin andentryintthecntract Mustprvereliancenmisrepresentatin " Cnsider Actualityandmaterialityfreliance Nexusbetweenparties Actuality f reliance Didrepresenteerely Musthaveknwabutrepresentatin Mustnthaveknwnitwasfalse " misrepresentatinmuststillactasinducement mayhavetherinfluencesandstillliable " misrepresentatinmustplaysmepart guldvveggelas ifmakewninvestigatinsandsleyrelynthem(ntrepresentrsstatement)> nactin 12

13 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes " seehlmes&v&jnes[1907]4clr1692[cb18z13c] testfrdeceit (fraud);reliance ifrepresenteedn tinvestigatemisrepresentatin " representrstillliable representrintendstinducerepresenteetrely " curtimpliesthatrepresenteewasinduced " Guld&v&Vaggelas)(1985)157CLR215[18Z37C] testfrreliance; damagesredeceit representrhasnustrebutthefactualinferencef inducement representeehasultimatenusfprvinginducement materiality f misrepresentatin materialmisrepresentatin iemustinduceareasnablepersntenterthecntract makesiteasiertprveactualrelianceifinfluencereasnablepersn(material) Iftheyrepresentrintendsthattherepresenteeactsnrepresentatinandrepresentee desactnit,itdesn'tmatterhwareasnablepersnwuldhaveactediffraudulent representatin NichlasvThmpsn " Speculativeventure tldthemherefusedffertselltinducethemt buy Ifnegligentmisrepresentatinmusthavemateriality iemustbereasnablereliance ifinncentmisrepresentatin representeearguablyhasclaimfrrescissinevenifunreasnabletrely dutyfdisclsure nlydutytdisclsematerialfactsnteverythingsheknws reliance by whm representeeis classfpersnstwhmrepresentatinismade(nremteness) tclaimreliefmustprvereliancenmisrepresentatin fraudulentrepresentrliableindeceitifintendtherpartytact(eventhughtld3 rd party) askzisdutyfcarewedtpersnwhactednstatement? " Didthedefendantknwtheinfrmatinwuldbecmmunicatedtthe plaintifffrapurpsethatwuldbeverylikelytleadptenterinta transactininreliancentheinfrmatinandriskecnmiclssifthe statementisuntrue esandafinancecrpltdvpeat 13

14 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes PRD:'Ch'33' Misleading'r'deceptive'cnduct' Statute prhibiting misleading r deceptive cnduct ACLs18(1) Apersnshallnt,intradercmmerce,engageincnductthatismisleading rdeceptiverislikelytmisleadrdeceive Createsthestandardfcnduct Apersnwhhassufferedlssbycnductthatbreachess18isentitledt damagestcmpensatethemfrthatlssacls236 Thecurtsmaygrantanytherrdertpreventlssasaresultfabreachfs 18 " Maydeclareacntractvidrvaryacntractrmneyrefundedr prpertyreturnedss237and243. The law prir t the intrductin f the Australian cnsumer law ACLcameintfrcen1January2011 Tradepracticesact1974(Cth) s52equivalentts18facl CmparisnbetweenTPAandACLnpage632 T whm des the prhibitin against misleading r deceptive cnduct apply Applicatin f the Australian cnsumer Law ACLisschedule2fthecmpetitinandcnsumeract2010(Cth)(CCA) Stateandterritrygvernmentshavepassedlegislatinapplyingschedule2asa lawftheirrespectivejurisdictins Cmmnwealth applicatin laws PartXIftheCCAappliestheACLasalawfthecth Crpratins TheCmmnwealthCnstitutins51(xx)givestheCmmnwealthparliament Pwertmakelawswithrespecttcrpratins S131(1)ftheCCAappliestheACLtthecnductfcrpratins S4fCCAdefinesacrpratin 14

15 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes Individuals Cmmnwealthpwersf " Tradeandcmmerce " Territries " PwersgverningfeelingswithCmmnwealthagencies " PstandTelegraphpwers Sectins236and237ftheACL " Claimmaybemadeagainstthepersninvlvedinacntraventinf sectin18 Invlvedinacntraventindefinedinsectin2(1)ftheACL E.g.Cnspiracy States and territries applicatin laws UnderstateandterritryApplicatinlegislatins18ftheACLappliesdirectlyt persns AIA1901(Cth)s22(1)(a)Zpersnsincludeabdypliticrcrprateaswellas anindividual " Appliestindividualsandcrprateentities Ifapersnbreacheds18nbehalffacrpratin LiableunderstateandCmmnwealthlegislatin HughtnvArms Whereacrpratinisengagedintradercmmercetheemplyeescnducting itsbusinesswillalsbeactingintradercmmerce Crwn TheCmmnwealth,Statesrterritriesarebundttheextentthattheycarryna business Overlap CmmnwealthApplicatinlawsverlapwithstateandterritryapplicatinlaws ExceptfrcnductengagedinbythecrwninrightftheCmmnwealth CmmnwealthlegislatinprvidesthemeansfrtheCmmnwealthregulatrt bringpublicenfrcementactins AustraliancmpetitinandcnsumercmmissinACCC The in trade r cmmerce limitatin Misleadingcnductntintradercmmercemaystillbeactinableunder misrepresentatininthecmmnlaw 15

16 LAW204CntractsB2014Ntes CncretecnstructinsvNelsn Wrkerinjurednbuildingsite Saidhadreceivedincrrectinfrmatinnsafety Hicurtheldthatitwasntintradercmmerce Distinctinmadebetweencnductthatisftheessencefcrpratinstrade andcntactthatismerelyincidentaltit " Heretherewasamiscmmunicatinbetweenemplyees " Therewasnpersnswhmthecmpanyhaddealingsfatradingr cmmercialnature(suchascnsumers) BevanerePtyLtdvLubidineuse Thesalefthecsmeticclinicbycmpaniesthatwasntinthebusinessf sellingsuchcapitalassetswasatransactinintradercmmerce intradercmmerceexcludescnductfthsewhactntinabusinesscapacity,but inapurelyprivatecapacitycncerningdmestictransactins E.g.saleffamilyhmentcaught O brienvsmlngv Representatinsprecedingaprivatesaleflandbyanindividualwherent madeintradercmmerceunlessarisinginabusinesscntext " Suchabusinesscntextntcreatedbyadvertisementrtelephnefr negtiatins " Ifengagedanagent Agentmaywellbe intradercmmerce HavynvWebster Salebyanindividualfassetsrprpertyusedfrabusinessactivityisintrade rcmmerce " Brchurestatementthatflatswere63m2inareawasmisleading(5% verstated) Realestateagentpacedutmeasurements Estimatinwastcrudetbeanadequatefundatin fraratinalbelief>misleadingrdeceptive " Ifindividualactingnbehalffemplyer(whistradercmmerce)> stillliable " EginHughtnvArms Websitedesigneremplyeessaideasytsetuppaymentsystem Ntcaseslstmney>liable TENchannelNinevIlvarity Pretendedtbeinterestedinbuildinghmesastinvestigatebuilder " Liableasinthetradefthebuildingcmpanytwhichthe representatinsweremade Prfessinal activity Prfessinalactivityhasbeenheldtbetradercmmerce BndCrpratinvThiesscntractrs Advicebycnsultingengineeristradercmmerce 16

45-47 Part 1: General & Specified Prohibited Conduct Lecture 11: Consumer Protection Law

45-47 Part 1: General & Specified Prohibited Conduct Lecture 11: Consumer Protection Law Sectin Page Lecture 1: The Australian Legal System 1-4 Lecture 2: Intrductin t Cntracts 5-9 Lecture 3: Cnsideratin 10-14 Lecture 4: Capacity, Legality & Frm 15-20 Lecture 5: Term in a Cntract 21-28 Lecture