Introduction to International Relations

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg A/ Introduction to International Relations Theory and Practice JOYCE P. KAUFMAN ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Plymouth, UK

2 Contents 1 Introduction: International Relations in a Globalized World 1 Why International Relations Is Important 2 Why Study IR? 5 IR as a Field of Study 9 The Levels-of-Analysis Framework 10 Broad Theoretical Perspectives 11 International Relations in a Globalized World 14 The Concept of the Nation-State 14 Forces of Integration, Disintegration, and Self-Determination 15 Globalization 18 What Is Globalization? 19 Globalization as Historical Phenomenon 19 What Does Globalization Mean for the Study of IR? 25 Further Readings 26 Notes 26 2 Theoretical Overview 29 What Is Theory, and Why Is It Important? 30 Theory and International Relations: Some Basic Assumptions 30 Concept of National Interest 32 Introduction to Levels of Analysis: A Framework for Understanding International Relations 34 V

3 vi CONTENTS The "System" in the International System 37 Power 39 Introduction to Basic IR Theories 43 Realism and Neo-/Structural Realism 44 Neorealism/Structural Realism 49 Limitations and Critique of Realism and Neorealism 51 Liberalism as a Theoretical Model 52 Neoliberalism 57 Limitations and Critique of Liberalism 58 Constructivism 59 Limitations and Critique of Constructivism 62 Other Theoretical Approaches: Marxism 63 Limitations and Critique of Marxist Theory and Its Offshoots 65 Theory Continued: Feminist Perspectives 66 Limitations and Critique of Feminist Theory 70 Summary 71 Further Readings 72 Notes 72 3 The Nation-State Level 77 Definition of Nation-State 78 History of the Nation-State 81 Treaty of Westphalia 83 Balance of Power and Alliances 85 Balance of Power 86 Collective Defense, Alliances, and the Cold War 88 Understanding National Interest 91 Foreign Policy Orientations 91 Negotiation as a Tool of Foreign Policy 93 War and Peace 97 What Is War? 97 Just War Doctrine 99 Feminist Theory and War 102

4 CONTENTS vii Issues of Peace and Nation Building 104 What Is Peace? 104 Ending a War? 108 Summary 110 Further Readings 111 Notes 112 Within the Nation-State 115 The Government 116 Democratizing the State 120 Democratic Peace 121 Militarizing the State 126 Democracy and Feminist Perspectives 128 Culture and Society 129 Nationalism and Conflict 132 Intractable Conflicts 135 The Kurds 136 Kosovo 137 Russia and South Ossetia 139 Ethnic Conflict 140 Northern Ireland: Religious Conflict? 141 The Importance of Looking at Culture and Society 142 The Role of the Individual 143 Decision Maker as Rational Actor 148 Crisis Decision Making: The Cuban Missile Crisis 151 Summary 155 Further Readings 156 Notes 156 Nonstate Actors and the International System 161 The Changing Nature of the International System 161 What Are Nonstate Actors? 164 International Organizations 166 Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) 168 The United Nations 168 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 172

5 viii CONTENTS The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank 173 Regional Organizations: The European Union (EU) 174 Other Regional Organizations 177 IGOs and IR Theory 179 IGOs and Sovereignty 181 Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) 183 Terrorism: A Challenge to the International System 187 Terrorism: A Historical Perspective 187 Terrorism as a Political Tool 191 Women as Terrorists 192 Multinational Corporations (MNCs) 193 Summary 203 Further Readings 204 Notes Pulling It All Together 207 Introduction to the Cases 207 Case 1: Environmental Protection as a Common Good 209 Background of the Issue 210 Analysis of the Case 216 Case 2: The Movement of People in a Globalized World 218 Background of the Issue 219 Analysis of the Case 224 Case 3: Women's Rights as Human Rights 227 Background of the Issue 228 Analysis of the Case 234 Lessons of the Cases: Understanding International Relations in a Globalized World 235 Further Readings 238 Notes 238 Glossary 241 Index 251 About the Author 267