Ethiopia: Conflict Displacement Situation Report #2

Transcription

1 Ethiopia: Conflict Displacement Situation Report #2 8 February 2018 Displacements Overview I. Updates Round 8 of the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), a joint displacement data collection exercise by IOM and the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), was conducted between 3 November and 8 December The teams collected displacement data at the zonal, woreda/district and site level. Data collected at the zones informed the targeting of key woredas, while data collected at the woreda level informed the targeting of key displacement hotspots. DTM Round 8 piloted the use of mobile data collection tools to streamline and accelerate data collection/entry/cleaning processes. Regional and sub-regional findings were reviewed and endorsed by Government authorities at woreda, zonal and regional levels. Following a national review by the NDRMC, DTM Round 8 data and analysis was officially endorsed on 31 January Since mid-december 2017, new displacements were reported in Oromia region. In West Hararge zone, local authorities reported around 44,000 new IDPs (Oromos and Somalis), displaced by localized clashes in Hawi Gudina and Daro Lebu woredas. IDPs are dispersed in around 20 different locations in these two woredas. Some of the new Somali IDPs have reportedly started moving out of Oromia and reached existing IDP sites in Dire Dawa and Qoloji. Similarly, ethnic Somalis are reported to currently be moving out of Negele town in Guji zone and its surroundings, having sold their assets and livestock. Displacements from this area are lowkey and were not provoked by specific incidents. Around 400 Somali families have reportedly moved from Negele area to Hudet woreda in January 2018 and some others to other parts of Somali region. In late January, new access between Liban and Dawa zones was provided through the finalization of construction of the Gaaluun bridge. Movement of humanitarian supplies has begun UNICEF and WFP in Jijiga have already transported relief food and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) supplies via the bridge. The physical structure of the bridge, however, can only allow trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 40 metric tonnes. The bridge is still a major improvement allowing for access and movement of humanitarian supplies to Dawa zone, which has been a challenge over the past few months, while also reducing transport time. On 28 January, the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) and Under-Secretary-General (USG) for Humanitarian Affairs Mark cock announced that US$10 million from the Central Emergency Fund (CERF) would be allocated to complement ongoing Government efforts to help the most vulnerable people displaced due to conflict along the border of the two regions. The announcement was made following the ERC s three-day mission to Ethiopia where he visited conflict and climate induced IDP sites and collection centers as well as two planned re-settlement sites/ areas for IDPs. The CERF allocation will fund life-saving interventions for IDPs and where feasible, will include activities that also contribute to long-term solutions for displaced people to reestablish their lives. The CERF funds will support emergency shelter, non-food items, and clean water and sanitation services for the IDPs and hosting communities. In the last two years, CERF allocated $49 million to aid operations in Ethiopia. II. Contextual developments a) Government plan The Government of Ethiopia has put in place a plan to respond to the needs of all IDPs in the country, both conflict and climate induced. Around 1 million people are displaced by the conflict around the border areas of Oromia and Somali regions (this includes displacements prior to the August-September upsurge). The plan encourages (1) voluntary return to areas of origin; (2) voluntary integration with host communities; and (3) voluntary resettlement to selected areas. While some 584,000 IDPs who were displaced from border areas (and remain close to their areas of origin) will be supported to voluntarily return to their areas of origin until March 2018, others will be provided with alternate integration and resettlement options. The Government of Ethiopia allocated 1 billion ETB (more than US$36 million) equally transferred to the Oromia and Somali Regional Governments to implement the plan where the majority of the allocation is expected to fund rehabilitation efforts. This This document has been prepared jointly by OCHA and the National Disaster Risk Management Commission (NDRMC), in partnership with Cluster Coordinators, to provide an update on the situation of populations displaced due to conflict on the border between Oromia and Somali regions, and to inform efforts in mobilizing additional international funding and resources in support to the current response. 1

2 is part of the broader Government allocation of ETB five billion ($182 million) to address natural and man-made disaster-induced humanitarian crisis in the country. In Oromia region, the resettlement program is being implemented in a phased manner following an IDP intention survey conducted by Haromaya University, which identified site locations, places of origin, and whether IDPs preferred return, reintegration or relocation. During the first phase, some 86,000 persons are scheduled to settle in 11 towns in the region based on the findings of ongoing IDP verifications and a regional committee has been set up to follow up on the implementation of the plan. To date, a study was conducted in four IDP sites in East Hararge zone and preliminary findings indicate a majority of the IDPs prefer to be settled within Oromia region. Somali regional authorities are exploring a similar approach to that taken in Oromia as it provides strong evidence to inform regional policies / planning processes as well as valuable inputs into the ongoing Federal Government-led reconciliation process and plan to conduct an intention survey with Somali IDPs, via Jijiga University, to inform the implementation of reintegration and relocation programs. Oromia Resettlement Sites Ambo Weliso SNNPR Burayu Addis Ababa Hawassa Sebeta Sululta Lega Tafo Gelan Dukem Debre Zeit (Bishoftu) Mojo Adama (Nazret) Batu/Ziway Shashemene Bishan Guracha Asela Oromia Oromia resettlement sites Major roads Major towns Region boundary As part of this reconciliation process, the presidents of the two regions, together with community elders from both sides started talks in Dire Dawa on 5 February. The rights of people to live everywhere in the country, guaranteed in the federal constitution (article 23), was reaffirmed in these discussions. b) Qoloji IDP sites Decisions by Government and EHCT On 29 January, the Government announced its decision to close the Qoloji IDP sites, given the limited possibility to provide longer-term solutions to IDPs located in these sites. Following this announcement and based on prior recommendations put forth by the IDP Advisory Group to the EHCT, the Ethiopian Humanitarian Country Team (EHCT), on 1 February, made the following agreements; 1. To maintain emergency life-saving assistance currently being provided, with the ultimate view of gradual disengagement and transfer of responsibilities to Government; 2. That under the leadership of the Somali region Deputy Humanitarian Coordinator (DHC), partners will engage with Somali authorities to understand the plans and support needs for alternative solutions to Qoloji IDPs, and allow the gradual dismantling of Qoloji with informed consent of IDPs; and 3. Apart from sanitation infrastructure, to avoid establishing any new infrastructure in Qoloji 1 and 2. c) Damage and loss assessment Many of the pastoralists displaced in border areas (close to areas of origin) are still lacking shelter and other household basic items. The NDRMC is planning to conduct an assessment in these areas, to assess damage to infrastructure and facilities (health posts, schools, etc.) and to determine the scale of lost livestock. This will inform the actual needs and requirements for the fullfledged implementation of the national IDP response plan, including some compensation for lost livestock. There are however some concerns from humanitarian partners particularly relating to returning IDPs to contested territory as Government only anticipates completing the border demarcation exercise by the end of June after some of these planned returns will have been completed. 2

3 d) Humanitarian response to people affected by conflict along the border areas of Oromia and Somali regions A multi-agency Nutrition Cluster monitoring mission to East and West Hararge zones of Oromia region was conducted from 29 to 31 January. Three IDP sites were visited in two woredas of East Hararge, while two IDP sites were visited in two woredas of West Hararge. The assessment reviewed emergency nutrition and health services being delivered by Government and partners in these sites and recommended continued or expanded operational support of Government, NGO and UN partners. In East Hararge zone, the mission found that some structures hosting IDPs were not suitable for habitation (Deder Town IDP Site with 1,250 people), high levels congestion and smoke inhalation, low access to sanitary latrines and showers (high risk for AWD outbreak and other infectious diseases), and the critical need for a site management committee. The team facilitated a screening and reporting system with zonal health and DRM offices to improve TSFP services and targeting, and agreed that the site management committee would be supported by NGOs, where possible, and the committee would be responsible for General Food Distribution (GFD) to IDPs in the sites. In town areas where markets are available GFD quality cereal /oil needs to be topped up with cash, taking into account that wheat or maize is the preferred cereal over sorghum. In remote areas, a full basket including pulses, salt/spice would be required along with the cereal/oil. In West Hararge, the mission found that zonal, woreda and community in-kind support were adequate and contributed to overall wellbeing of IDPs in the areas monitored so far. Routine child immunizations were suspended since November 2017 throughout the zone due to incidents of serious side effects on children reported during a deworming campaign. This is highly concerning as many newborns have yet to be vaccinated. The team found that while NGO support was appropriate, SAM-MAM treatment mechanisms for MHNTs were not yet established despite commodities being available in woreda health offices and DRM. Mechanisms for NGO MHNT to be provided with super cereal plus need to be quickly established, as NGOs provide excellent outreach services, including nutrition screening for IDPs in remote areas, with the provision of MAM and SAM treatment being essential under the MHNT model. The provision of additional Emergency Drug Kits (EDK) is required together with regular review and management of routine drug consumption habits to avert overuse of hospital financing capacities and routine PHC capacity. In addition, Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergency (IYCFE), maternal health counselling, and health/nutrition education were identified as gaps with the team recommending the establishment of mother to mother support groups at sites, where feasible. As of 5 February, a multi-agency, multi-sector assessment mission has been re-deployed to East and West Hararghe, Bale, Guji and Borena zones of Oromia areas affected by conflict and hosting majority of conflict induced IDPs in the region. In addition to identifying existing needs and outstanding response gaps, the mission aims to verify information attained from and gaps identified by the site-level response analysis of the Inter-Cluster plus exercise. The assessment mission will also aim to identify existing access issues and potential duplicates/ discrepancies on IDP figures and sites which other data sources may not have been able to clearly articulate. 3

4 & gaps in response to conflict displacement Following an OCHA-led Inter-Cluster plus group meeting (consisting of Cluster Coordinators and partners operating in affected areas), it was agreed to answer three major statements: 1. What response has been delivered, or could be delivered with existing resources used flexibly; 2. What further response are partners ready to commit to provide if additional resources are made available; 3. What are any impediments to provide a response. To answer the first two statements, a site level mapping of response and response gaps was initiated. The analysis includes 437 IDP sites, representing sites identified during DTM Round 8, and 67 additional sites, most of which had displacements reported following the DTM Round 8 data collection, completed on 8 December General findings indicate that in 63 percent of these sites hosting 81 per cent of the IDPs in Oromia and 89 per cent of the IDPs in Somali, there are ongoing, completed or planned interventions. In the remaining 37 percent of the sites however (hosting over 200,000 IDPs, majority of whom are Oromo), there is no (planned) presence of humanitarian partners. The analysis does not include interventions carried out by the Government of Ethiopia and local communities as site-level data was not able to be attained. Based on sector-specific data from DTM Round 8, OCHA was also able to analyze perceived response gaps at site-level. Clusters identified two to seven indicators used by the DTM teams which provide a good indication of response gaps in their respective sectors. This data was available for approximately 370 sites. Maps of the IDP site-level response gaps (low, medium or high) based on DTM Round 8 data and IDP site-level humanitarian response (completed, ongoing, already planned, could plan with existing resources, or could plan with additional resources) are included in the sector updates below. The summary analysis matrix is available on Humanitarian.info. 1 Food The NDRMC dispatch of Round 2 IDP food stands at 96 per cent (10,687MT of the 11,084MT) for the 600,000 planned beneficiaries. To reduce the time between food rounds for IDPs, the NDRMC initiated a simultaneous dispatch of three rounds (R3, R4 and R5). As of 2 February, 63 per cent (21,285MT of 33,673MT) of a three-month allocation for nearly 700,000 planned beneficiaries in Oromia region were dispatched. In addition, as of 2 January, the Government transferred more than 2 million ETB (~US$72,000) to some 7,700 IDPs in Oromia region as cash distributions. Since Round 6 of the 2017 HRD food distribution in Somali region, WFP included IDPs in the general food distributions. As of 23 January, Round 6 (58 per cent distributed) included some 205,000 IDPs and Round 7 (40 per cent distributed) included some 295,000 IDPs. Food Gap Food Gap Access to food and frequency of food distributions were identified by the Cluster as the two indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis which provide an indication of the food security situation in IDP sites. However, follow-up monitoring and food security assessments by food cluster partners, expected to take place in the first quarter of 2018, will provide a comprehensive analysis of the food security situation in the IDP sites in both regions. In Oromia region, 63 IDP sites (20 per cent of sites) were found to have a high response gap as access to food was limited and food distribution was irregular or had not reached IDPs. Some 213 IDP sites (67 per cent) of sites were found to have a low response gap. For the remaining sites, no response gap information was available. In Somali region, some 20 sites (17 per cent of sites) were found to have a high response gap. Some 74 IDP sites (61 per cent) were found to have a low response gap

5 Agriculture Access to food, land for cultivation, existence of livestock on the site and occupation or trade for the majority of displaced households were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to inform more in-depth follow-up assessments. In Oromia region, some 68 IDP sites (22 per cent) were classified as having a high suitability for potential agricultural response. In Somali region, some 10 IDP sites (8 per cent) were classified as high priority. Constraints Due to the nature of the sector/cluster interventions, the response is limited in short-term displacement contexts. Agriculture Agriculture Gap Agriculture Agriculture Gap Education As of January 2018, the Education Cluster, through its NGO partners (Imagine One Day and World Vision), distributed learning kits for 11,900 IDP school children in Oromia. The Cluster also provided training for 20,040 Parent Teachers Association members and 100 Facilitators in Oromia region. Access to education, availability of school feeding, temporary learning classrooms and stationary were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most DIRE pertinent DAWA to response gap analysis. In Oromia region, the majority of IDP sites (246, or 78 per cent) were found to have a high response gap, some 15 IDP sites were found to have a medium response gap and some 15 sites a low response gap. In Somali region, 42 IDP sites (35 per cent) of sites were found to have a high response gap, some 43 IDP sites were found to have a medium response gap and some 9 IDP sites were found to have low response. Education Gap Education Education Could plan with existing resources 5

6 Constraints Limited resource to provide Education in Emergencies response to IDP school aged children. Shortage of teachers in IDP sites. Limited capacity of schools in hosting areas to accommodate displaced school-aged children, not least as these schools are located in areas affected by the ongoing drought. Education Gap Education Gap Emergency Shelter and Non-Food Item (NFI) Some 2,000 households were supported with full ES/NFI support in January Cash was provided for 500 households in Qoloji 2 in Somali and 129 households in Guji, Negele Town, in Oromia region, and full kits were provided for 800 households in Guji, Gumi-Eldelo, in Oromia and 550 in Erer, Lega Hida, in Somali region. In addition, partners provided partial ES/NFI support to 2,935 households in Bale, East Harerge, West Harerge in Oromia, and in Dire Dawa through the distribution of bedding sets and partial ES/NFI kits that included mosquito nets, kitchen sets and hygiene items. The NDRMC supported 14,400 households in North Shewa, West Shewa and West Arsi zones in Oromia region with partial kits that included emergency bedding, kitchen sets, hygiene items and mosquito nets. The percentage of households living in standard temporary or culturally appropriate shelters, access to emergency shelter, and sites with a larger number of households with specific vulnerabilities were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis. In Oromia region, 249 IDP sites (79 per cent) of sites were found to have a high response gap, some 17 IDP sites (6 per cent) ESNFI ESNFI Gap ESNFI Completed Could plan with existing resources ESNFI Gap 6

7 of sites were found to have a medium need and some 9 IDP sites (3 per cent) of sites were found to have low need. In Somali region, 76 IDP sites (81 per cent) of sites were found to have a high need, some 19 IDP sites were found to have a medium response gap and some eight IDP sites were found to have a low response gap. Constraints The Cluster is still facing a severe funding gaps to cover all reported needs for ES/NFI assistance, not only for the conflict response but for all reported needs. At present, a response is planned for approximately 36,000 conflict displaced households in the coming months. However, with the current needs increasing and exceeding the ES/NFI stocks and pipeline, stocks are expected to be quickly depleted until further support in secured. The Cluster is forced to prioritize its response to challenging levels. Many extremely vulnerable beneficiaries are excluded in distributions and left in unsafe/life threatening conditions. Health Emergency Drug Kits (EDKs) and Interagency Emergency Health Kits (IEHK)s were supplied to NGOs supporting conflict IDPs through MHNTs both in Oromia and Somali regions. MNHTs continued with their health and nutrition services to conflict IDPs living in 142 sites of which 13 sites were in Somali region and 129 sites were in Oromia region. 33 staff members from MCMDO and Save the Children (SCI) were trained on Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI), Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), WASH, Surveillance, Reproductive Health, gender and protection. These staff members will run 11 MHNTs in Dawa, Jarar, Liban, Shabelle and Sitti zones of Somali region. As part of the response monitoring, the Health and Nutrition Cluster Coordinators monitored response in five conflict IDP sites in East and West Hararge in Oromia region. The response monitoring mission aimed to assess the situation on SAM, MAM, MHNT work and other health issues Access to health facilities and services, distance to health facilities and availability of medicines were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis. In Oromia region, 104 IDP sites (33 per cent) of sites were found to have a high response gap, some 112 IDP sites were found to have a medium response gap and some 60 IDP sites were found to have low response gap. In Somali region, 46 IDP sites (38 per cent) of sites were found to have a high need, some 44 IDP sites were found to have a medium need and some 4 IDP sites were found to have low need. In West and East Hararge, immunization services among the conflict IDPs were disrupted following rumors of detrimental side effects of immunization vaccines over the last two months. Health Health Gap Health Completed Health Gap 7

8 Constraints Poor WASH conditions in some sites increases the risk to of water borne and sanitation related disease outbreaks amongst IDPs. Lactating women are facing a challenge of not producing enough milk for breastfeeding due to lack of nutritional foods. Pneumonia is one of the conditions affecting the IDPs due to lack of warm clothing and shelter. These are issues which impact on the health of the conflict IDPs yet they are not under the mandate of the Health Cluster. Ensuring that WASH, NFIs, Food and Nutrition clusters have sufficient funding to respond to the above constraints is critical for the health of the IDPs. Nutrition UNICEF support for the Government CMAM SAM treatment supply pipeline continued. The pipeline is secure until June and resource mobilization for the SAM pipeline through December is ongoing. The WFP commodity pipeline that supports the targeted supplementary feeding program in hotspot priority 1 woredas, blanket supplementary feeding in Somali region and targeted supplementary feeding program for IDPs, will break at the end of March unless additional funds are secured immediately. NGO CMAM interventions supporting the Government in managing SAM-MAM acute needs in IDP hosting areas are still scaling up and being extended in some areas. Availability and regularity of screening, availability of targeted supplementary feeding commodities for pregnant and lactating women and children were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis. In Oromia region, 203 IDP sites (64 per cent) were found to have a high response gap, some 34 IDP sites were found to have a medium response gap and some 39 IDP sites were found to have low response gap. In Somali region, 58 IDP sites (48 per cent) were found to have a high need and some 36 IDP sites were found to have a low response gap. Full basket of GFD or cereal plus, market assessed top-up cash is needed for the IDP response to avert a rise in malnutrition among children and pregnant and lactating women. Logistical challenges remain to be addressed for NGO MHNT to deliver both nutrition and health services. With 122 priority woredas within the 216 P1 needing NGO support extension and current funding levels, shortfalls of at least $12.3 million in March/April will lead to phase out of critical support interventions for SAM-MAM response. Constraints Intermittent access to insecure sites/kebeles along parts of the Somali-Oromia border, remain a challenge to the IDP response. This is compounded by weak coordination and lack of systematic reporting on the situation and current needs from Nutrition Nutrition Gap Nutrirition Nutrition Gap 8

9 site to woredas and zone to region Frequency of general food distribution in Somali region remains a concern. Without comprehensive Food, WASH, Health and Nutrition service provision, the Nutrition Cluster cannot hope to turn around the rising malnutrition rate being reported in Somali region. Identifying dedicated funding to maintain NGO support remains a challenge. Protection In Somali region, 6,600 dignity kits were distributed to IDPs in Shinile, Hadigale and Erer woredas in Siti zone, and Warder, Geladi and Lehel-yu ub woredas in Doollo zone. Existing Women-Friendly Spaces (WFS) in IDP sites of Shinile, Hadigale and Asbuli in Erer woreda were provided with tents. The Mobile Protection Teams in conflict-affected areas are seeing increasing protection needs for men. In Jarar zone a special provision is being made to provide men with hygiene kits based on the findings of Mobile Protection Teams in the area. Child Protection Sub-Cluster reported activities covering family reunification, psycho-social support and CP case identification and response (from UNICEF and BoWCA) were received for three IDP sites (Hay Saftu/Dey Saftu, Meiso and Qoloji) in Somali region. In Qoloji IDP site, a total of 160 beneficiaries accessed children and women s safe spaces, 103 children were identified as at risk and requiring follow-up support, and 160 unaccompanied or separated children received assistance for family reunification or alternative care placement. In the other two IDP sites, beneficiary numbers are still being verified. The number of unaccompanied and separated children, the incidence of GBV and security incidents and the availability of protection services were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis. However, this has not led to a reliable indication on protection gaps. They are currently being revised by the Cluster. Insufficient response on the ground. MPTs only cover some woredas in 4 of 11 zones in Somali region. Constraints Protection There are very few local and national organizations providing protection services or partnering with INGOs and UN agencies in this cluster Protection Water, Sanitation and Hygiene In Somali region, of the 20 water trucks requested, the Regional Water Bureau (RWB) deployed 16 water trucks leaving a gap of four water trucks. AAH, NRC, SCI and UNICEF are distributing water treatment chemicals and WASH NFIs, hygiene promotion, water trucking and capacity building are also ongoing. The RWB is doing rehabilitation of boreholes. DRC has been implementing water scheme expansion and began construction of latrines in Qoloji IDP site. NRC is implementing the construction of water schemes near Qoloji for IDPs. NRC and SCI in Somali and GOAL in Oromia are expected to begin latrine construction with EHF funds shortly. 9

10 In Oromia region, of the 96 water trucks requested, the RWB, UNICEF, Islamic Relief and IMC deployed 43 water trucks, which leaves a gap of 53 water trucks. HelpAge is implementing water pipe extension. AAH, CRS, CISP, GOAL, HelpAge, IRC, SCI and UNICEF are distributing water treatment chemicals and WASH NFIs. Non-functional water supply scheme rehabilitation, latrine construction, and hygiene promotion are also being conducted in conflict IDP sites in Oromia, Somali, Harar and Dire Dawa. In Harare and Dire Dawa, ICRC is constructing sanitation facilities. Primary drinking water sources, functioning latrines and hand washing practices were identified by the Cluster as the indicators most pertinent to response gap analysis. In Oromia region, 204 IDP sites (65 per cent) of sites were found to have a high WASH response gap due to limited sanitation services compounded by limited access to safe water and hand washing practices. Similarly, in Somali region, 90 IDP sites (80 per cent) of sites were found to have a high WASH response gap. Constrains The gap remains high for sanitation facilities in IDP settings in both Oromia and Somali with 77 per cent and 95 per cent of IDP sites respectively having no single functioning latrine. Water trucking is currently the only solution to provide potable water to the majority of the IDPs without sustainable solutions such as expansion of water supply schemes. The demand has increased during the month of January due to the seasonal shortage of water in the area where IDPs are displaced. WASH WASH Gap WASH Gap WASH Respnse Completed Could plan with existing resources 10