HOW BREXIT COULD CRUSH OUR SOFT FRUIT INDUSTRY
|
|
- Katherine Atkinson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PAGE 1 HOW BREXIT COULD CRUSH OUR SOFT FRUIT INDUSTRY & the implications for food prices, the nation s health, the economy & food security From British Summer Fruits June 2017
2 PAGE 2 PAGE 3 foreword British strawberries are a quintessential part of the Great British summertime, but our decision to leave the European Union threatens to cripple home-grown berry production, increase our dependence on imports and drive up the price of soft fruit. Brexit is already exacerbating a worrying shortage of the seasonal labour needed to tend and harvest strawberries and other soft fruit, and MPs have been warned that losing access to European workers will have a disastrous and cataclysmic impact on the industry. 1 Many producers are warning this is as extreme as it gets. If we do not have pickers, we do not have a soft fruit industry. Soft fruit growers employ around 29,000 seasonal workers a year, with around 95% coming from the European Union, primarily Poland, Bulgaria and Romania, and demand is expected to rise to around 31,000 by 2020 if the industry continues to grow. But if seasonal workers are not found for these jobs, we could see fruit being left unpicked in fields or growers moving their operations to countries with a ready supply of labour. As the House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee was told: If you cannot get the labour in this country, the production will go to where the labour is. 2 Either option would create a huge hole in our balance of payments and destroy a highly competitive industry which is worth more than 1.2 billion a year. 3 Price rises and a fall in consumption would also be inevitable. As the industry body which accounts for 97% of all berries supplied to UK supermarkets, British Summer Fruits believe we have an obligation to assess the extent of the risk and alert consumers to the implications of the Brexit decision. So British Summer Fruits commissioned Andersons the Farm Business Consultants to produce an independent report outlining the issues. It paints a bleak picture of a future without access to EU labour. The Impact of Brexit on the UK Soft Fruit Industry, a report by John Pelham (The Andersons Brexit & Seaonal Labour Report), predicts: Prices for strawberries and raspberries will rise by 35 to 50% A slump in Government revenue from income tax, corporation tax and National Insurance Falling soft fruit consumption Less soft fruit being grown in the UK Soft-fruit growers going out of businesses Significantly reduced food self-sufficiency A negative shift on the UK s balance of payments as a result of increased imports Implications on the environments It is inconceivable that people who voted to leave the European Union wanted to destroy an iconic and incredibly competitive British horticulture industry. But if we cannot ensure access to the seasonal workers needed to produce soft fruit in Britain, that will be an unintended consequence of Brexit along with soaring prices, an increased reliance on imports and the environmental impact of additional food-miles. This report sets out the key findings, and warnings, contained in The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, and provides wider context on the key economic, consumer and health impacts of the decision. But crucially, it also provides a simple and proven solution which would secure the future of an incredible horticultural and consumer success story. Laurence Olins Chairman of British Summer Fruits
3 PAGE 4 PAGE 5 how the homegrown market has grown British strawberries were once a fleeting treat, to be enjoyed for a few weeks around Wimbledon. Now much of the fruit sold from April to October is grown in the UK, and this year new methods of cultivation and glasshouse technologies saw the first British strawberries in shops in February. Production of other soft fruits such as raspberries, blackberries and blueberries, is climbing steadily. John Pelham, author of The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, says: The most important advances include the use of polytunnels, the use of commercial varieties of autumn fruiting strawberries and raspberries and the developing use of substrate as an alternative growing medium to soil. As a result, there has been a 131% surge in soft fruit production in the UK over the past 20 years. 4 Strawberries and other soft fruit have become a healthy treat which can be enjoyed every day, and this increased supply coupled with competitive pricing means that soft fruit accounts for almost a quarter (22%) of all the fruit we buy. 5 Britain s berry industry is incredibly efficient and cost effective. In 1996, strawberry growers reported average yields of 9.9 tonnes per hectare and the quality of fruit was variable. By 2015 average yields had increased to 22.3 tonnes per hectare an increase of 125% and crop quality had improved dramatically. 6 Over the same period, prices stayed around 2 per 400 grams, so the cost to consumers has effectively fallen. What was once a luxury purchase is now almost a staple supermarket buy, and this is reflected in shopping patterns. John Pelham points out: Whilst growers costs continue to increase through inflation, the value of their produce has remained static, with prices in 2015 little changed from This has been excellent for UK consumers and is doubtless an important factor in the very significant increases in soft fruit consumption in the UK. Over the past 15 years, annual berry sales in the UK have grown from 113 million to more than 1.2 billion, with the average berry consumer buying more than 6kg (12lbs) of berries annually. 7 Market penetration the percentage of the population who have eaten strawberries is now around 75 to 80%. 8 However, the clearest evidence in the shift from luxury to staple is the surge in demand from discount supermarkets, where sales have grown by 40 to 50% over the past two years. 9 This phenomenal growth would have been impossible without a steady supply of seasonal workers from Eastern Europe who are prepared to fill the jobs that British workers shun.
4 PAGE 6 PAGE 7 does seasonal work appeal to british workers? Five weeks before the Brexit vote, the Office of National Statistics released figures showing the number of EU nationals working in Britain had reached a record 2.1 million, prompting claims that immigration was out of control. 11 At the time, leading Leave campaigner Iain Duncan Smith complained: Brits on low pay and those out of work are forced to compete with millions of people from abroad for jobs. 12 Concerns around the number of EU citizens moving to the UK were undoubtedly a factor in the vote to leave, but the fact is we have the highest level of employment 74.5% since records began in Unemployment is 4.9% and falling, and it is estimated that around three-quarters of those who are registered as unemployed also claim disability or single parent benefits, which suggests they may not be able, or willing, to undertake physically demanding seasonal work. 14 In many rural areas, where demand for seasonal labour is concentrated, unemployment is below 2% and even if every person registered for work were employed, there would still be a huge shortfall. 15 The idea that this vital workforce can suddenly be recruited from amongst our local communities is an absolute nonsense. Written evidence from Farming and Rural Issues Group South East 10 A House of Commons Committee of MPs investing the issues reported: A core problem for the sector is its difficulties in attracting UK staff. 16 The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee was told that in Herefordshire, for instance, four large farms growing soft fruit and asparagus required 3,400 staff, but the most recent figures available showed there were only 769 registered jobseekers. 17 MPs also heard of a number of initiatives which had tried, and failed, to encourage more UK citizens to undertake seasonal work in the horticulture sector. In 2015, Chris Chinn, who heads up a family farming business employing around 1,000 seasonal workers, partnered with labour suppliers HOPS to recruit 200 UK citizens from cities with high unemployment employment and give them with six weeks training. We tried to make it as easy as possible, Chinn told the EFRA Committee. 18 But half quit within the first week and only eight out of the original 200 worked to the end of the season. The following year, Chinn and HOPS tried to expand the scheme to recruit workers in Birmingham, Bristol and further afield, but were forced to admit defeat when they could only attract five workers. 19 David Kay, of Hall Hunter Partnership, which employs around 3,000 seasonal labourer from 20 different countries, reports similar difficulties. We have worked with job centres and with exprisoners, but British people don t want to do these jobs. As a result, labour shortages are now the worst they have been since before 2004, when people from the A8 countries the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia were given the right to work in the UK. 20 June 2017 June 2017
5 PAGE 8 PAGE 9 the workforce: who picks british berries? These people come to earn, not sponge. When the winter comes they go home to their family and roots because these countries are secure and safe within the EU. They pay tax and National insurance. The production of soft fruit in the UK is almost exclusively reliant on seasonal workers from the EU, a significant proportion of whom enter and leave the UK annually. Hall Hunter Partnership, written evidence to EFRA Committee 21 The Impact Brexit on the UK Soft Fruit Industry, a report by John Pelham, Andersons Midlands LLP
6 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 Many of the concerns around EU workers coming to the UK have focused on perceived pressures on housing, education, the health service and benefits system, but unlike economic migrants who settle permanently, seasonal workers place little or no demand on these services. Accommodation is provided on the farms where they work, there are no children competing for school places and because these jobs are physically demanding, seasonal workers are by default healthy, relatively young, adults. When they are not working, seasonal labourers spend money in the local community and some employers pump even more money into rural economies by laying on coach trips to local tourist attractions and other fringe benefits in a bid to recruit and retain staff. 22 John Pelham says: Seasonal workers are often significant contributors to the local economy. They also contribute to the national economy by paying National Insurance. The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee was told the seasonal labour workforce which travelled from the EU was made up of almost equal numbers of men and women, with the vast majority aged between 25 and A decade ago, most came from Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and the Czech Republic and there are still groups of brothers, sisters and cousins from these countries who return every year. Now, the majority of seasonal workers are recruited from Bulgaria and Romania, 24 although post-brexit it is already becoming harder to fill these jobs. Last year, net migration fell to its lowest level since March 2014 and figures from the Office of National Statics confirm fewer people are arriving from the EU8 countries which traditionally supplied much of the UK s seasonal labour workforce the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. 25 The EFRA Committee was told Romanian workers are increasingly turning down offers to work here saying they no longer feel welcome in the UK. 26 The weaker pound has also effectively cut pay rates by around 12%, despite wage rises as a result of the introduction of the minimum living wage. 27 They noted: Employers told us that when recruiting in Romania and Bulgaria previously they had needed to speak to three people to recruit one member of staff, now they were having to speak to eight. 28 The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee report, Feeding the nation: labour constraints, concluded: The weight of evidence from a range of agricultural and horticultural businesses indicates that their sectors are facing considerable difficulties in recruiting and retaining labour. 29 And the EFRA Committee warned: Evidence submitted to this inquiry suggests the current problem is in danger of becoming a crisis if urgent measures are not taken to fill the gaps in labour supply. 30 MPs warned: It is vital that the labour supply available to the agriculture and horticulture sectors does not suddenly dry up as a result of any uncertainty caused by the new immigration arrangements instituted following the UK s exit from the EU. John Pelham says: Seasonal workers are often significant contributors to the local economy. They also contribute to the national economy by paying National Insurance. June 2017
7 PAGE 12 PAGE 13 economic impact: a thriving industry at risk Failure to secure an adequate supply of labour will impact on both temporary and permanent positions, not just on-farm but also across the food supply chain. National Farmers Union 31 Very simply, if we do not have labour, we do not have a business. Soft fruit grower, Chris Chinn 32 June 2017
8 PAGE 14 PAGE 15 The full impact of losing access to seasonal workers is difficult to estimate, but the The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Report, and the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee report, Feeding the nation: labour constraints, highlight a number of inescapable and economically destructive outcomes. The most obvious will be a rise in consumer prices. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Report estimates that if UK producers move their operations to countries within the EU to ensure access to labour the price of strawberries will rise from around 2 per 400g punnet to 2.75 a jump of 37%. 33 Similarly, replacing homegrown raspberries with imported fruit would see the price of a 200g punnet jump 50% from 2 to 3. Fruit and vegetables already account for our largest trade deficit in foodstuffs, with exports of 1.1billion and imports of 10.3billion, 34 and a switch to imported fruit would push UK plc further into the red. Laurence Olins, Chairman of British Summer Fruit, explains: Currently we are seeing annual sales of soft fruit of 1.2billion, with around half of this produced in the UK. Taking into account the margins added by importers and retailers, the value of the imported fruit that would be needed to fill this gap would be around 450million. So, if we had no UK production there would be an immediate loss of around 450 to 500 million to our balance of payments. In 2015, around 29,000 seasonal workers were employed in UK soft fruit production, all of them paying income tax and National Insurance, and spending some of their earnings in rural economies. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report warns that losing access to these workers would lead to a fall in Income Tax, Corporation Tax and National Insurance contributions from both employers and employees. However, if access to seasonal labour were ensured, and the industry continued to grow, there would be an increase in tax receipts and National Insurance contributions. The British Growers Association points out: The horticulture sector alone has identified that it needs 80,000 seasonal workers and this is expected to increase to 95,000 by The soft fruit industry remains one of the most labour intensive horticultural sectors and, based on forecast production figures, The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report estimates that 31,095 seasonal workers all of them paying tax and contributing to the UK economy will be needed in this sector alone. Moves to grow more strawberries substrate, on raised table-top systems may eventually make it easier to automate some picking, but the report warns: Extensive use on a commercial scale seems unlikely before Furthermore, robotic picking is not an option for other soft fruits such as raspberries, blackberries and blueberries.
9 PAGE 16 PAGE 17 consumers want to buy british We should consider not only the issue of people being able to afford to eat enough food to avoid hunger, but also being able to eat enough food which is healthy. Centre for Diet and Activity Research, Cambridge University 36 Consumers want to buy home-grown produce. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Food Statistics Pocketbook 2016, confirms that 53% of shoppers prefer to buy British, around half (49%) have greater trust in homegrown produce and a similar number (47%) say they are prepared to pay more for food and drink produced in the UK and Ireland. 37 However, shopping patterns suggest the path to the supermarket checkout is paved with good intentions as many consumers cannot, or will not, pay higher prices for food. According to the Food Statistics Pocketbook 2016, price is the single most important factor in food purchases, with 36% of consumers ranking cost as their number one consideration, and nine out of ten (90%) putting it in their top five of factors influencing product choices. By comparison, quality, which was rated the second most important influencer was ranked the most important by only 18% of shoppers. 38 DEFRA figures confirm food purchases are very price sensitive. Between 2007 and 2012, when fruit prices rose by 34%, low income households cut the amount of fruit they bought by 25%. 39 Researchers from the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) at Cambridge University have shown it costs more to eat well, and the price gap between a healthy diet, containing plentiful fruit and vegetables, and a less healthy diet built around inexpensive carbohydrates, is getting wider. Soft fruit is one of the few healthy foods to have bucked this trend, with retail prices for strawberries remaining around 2 per 400 grams for the past 20 years. With average inflation of 2.8% a year this is effectively a price cut of By contrast, if growers cannot access the seasonal labour workforce needed to cultivate and harvest their crops The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report predicts strawberry prices will rise by 1.75 per 400g punnet, a price hike of 37%. As a result of Brexit, food prices are already rising more rapidly than they have done in the past three years, with the British Retail Consortium figures showing a 1 per cent year-on-year increase, despite the deflationary impact of fierce competition between supermarkets. Senior analysts predict prices could rise by 8% over the next few years. 42 The report s author, John Pelham, adds: The fact that so much soft fruit is currently grown in the UK protects consumers from price rises as a result of currency fluctuations. If we were dependent on imported fruit, the fall in the pound since the Election would have flowed through to much higher prices.
10 PAGE 18 PAGE 19 price rises will hit healthy eating These same anthocyanins seem to make it easier to maintain a healthy weight, according to a study in the British Medical Journal. 51 There are clear health implications. The CEDAR researchers warn: Since 2002, more healthy foods and beverages have been consistently more expensive than less healthy ones, with a growing gap between them. This trend is likely to make healthier diets less affordable over time, which may have implications for individual food security and population health, and it may exacerbate social inequalities in health. 43 The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report shows that our consumption of these healthy berries has surged over the past 20 years. In 1996 we got through 67,000 tonnes of strawberries a year, and by 2015 this had leapt to 168,000 tonnes a rise of 150% Over the same period, our consumption of raspberries has climbed, from 13,000 to 29,000 tonnes, a 123% increase; and other soft fruit, such as blueberries and blackberries has risen from 12,000 to 50,000 tonnes. 52 But data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows that our intakes of fruit and vegetables are still woefully low, with only 8% of children aged 11 to 18 and 27% of adults aged 19 to 64 achieving the recommended five serves a day. 53 Berries are bursting with vitamins and health-enhancing polyphenols. Just 80g of strawberries provides 77% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamin C, while the same serving of raspberries provides a third (32%) of the daily RDA Soft summer fruits also provide useful amounts of folate, which is essential for production of DNA and RNA and manganese which is associated with a reduced risk of some cancers. Folate also appears to reduce levels of homocysteine, which increases the danger of cardiovascular disease A number of studies suggest berries help protect against the inflammation and oxidative damage which drives heart disease, cancer and other age-related disorders. 48 A large study which tracked more than 120,000 women, which was published in the Annals of Neurology, found that a diet high in strawberries and blueberries delayed memory decline by 30 months. Eating just two servings of berries a week was beneficial. 49 A joint study from scientists at the University of East Anglia and Harvard University reported the anthocyanins, which are found in strawberries and blueberries, can also reduce high blood pressure a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Just one serving a week appears to cut the odds of hypertension by 10%. 50 On average, children manage just 2.8 portions of fruit or vegetables a day. 54 Improving the nation s diet could have a huge impact on health. A Government Strategy Unit report estimated: Around 70,000 fewer people would die prematurely each year in the UK if diets matched the nutritional guidelines on fruit and vegetable consumption, and saturated fat, added sugar and salt intake. 55
11 PAGE 20 PAGE 21 Food matters. One of the factors MI5, the UK s counter-intelligence and security agency uses to gauge our security is our ability to feed ourselves reportedly working on the maxim that a society is four meals away from anarchy. 57 According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, the definition of food security as: When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. 58 And in 2015, a House of Commons Committee warned: The UK currently enjoys a high level of food security, but this situation will not last unless the Government plans now. 59 At the time, the threats we faced were climate change and rising demand for food. Now Brexit, and its impact on the horticultural sector s access to seasonal labour, has been added to these potentially dangerous economic and political challenges. Britain currently imports around 40% of its food, and the proportion has been steadily rising. 60 However, the soft fruit industry is one of the few sectors to have bucked this trend. Over the past 20 years, self-sufficiency in fruit and vegetables has fallen the most significantly, but over the same period, production of soft fruit has grown by an impressive 131%. 61 food security and the environment: food for thought on wider impacts If Brexit negotiations fail to secure access to the seasonal workers needed to cultivate and harvest these crops, this phenomenal increase in home-grown soft fruit production will collapse. Britain would become even more reliant on imports and this, in turn, would see an increase in food-miles associated with the fruit sold in British supermarkets and shops. Maintaining global food security while responding to climate change is a critical collective challenge for the 21st century Food Matters, Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century, The Strategy Unit report 56 He warns: Brexit looks likely to mean de-stabilisation just when we need to focus on pressing issues like food s impact on climate change and obesity. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour report author, John Pelham, warns: Restricted seasonal worker numbers would lead to a significant reduction in UK self-sufficiency in a highly perishable product, which both economically and environmentally, should be produced as close to the point of consumption as possible. An increase in the volume of soft fruit imports into the UK would have a detrimental effect on the balance of payments and the environment. Professor Tim Lang, from the Centre for Food Policy at City University of London says: The situation created by the British vote to leave the European Union is momentous for UK food. It is on a par with the Repeal of the Corn Laws of 1846 when Britain decided its Empire could feed it, not its own farmers. 62 June 2017
12 PAGE 22 PAGE 23 seasonal agriculture permit scheme: a simple solution to a labour crisis Labour providers say they are already struggling to fill requests and report an increase in cancellations and no-shows of workers who had previously agreed to work in the UK. There has been a 30% drop in attendance presentations in Bulgaria and Romania. Requests from growers are up by 25% on this time last year which suggests growers are also finding it harder to recruit directly. But MPs have highlighted a potentially devastating disconnect between industry and Government perceptions of the problem. The Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee warned: We are concerned that the industry has such different experiences to those reported by the Government. It is apparent that the statistics used by the Government are unable to provide a proper indication of agriculture s labour needs. 64 However, as evidence to the EFRA Committee and comments from Andrea Leadsom, Leader of the House of Commons confirm, there is agreement on a solution the reintroduction of a Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme (SAWS). The position of her successor, Michael Gove, is less clear. In a joint statement with fellow Leave campaigner, Boris Johnson, he promised: The automatic right of all EU citizens to come to live and work in the UK will end. And he added: Those seeking entry for work or study should be admitted on the basis of their skills without discrimination on the ground of nationality. To gain the right to work, economic migrants will have to be suitable for the job in question. 65 Although he is also on record as saying: One of the things that I envisage is, after we leave the European Union, EU citizens will be able to move freely into the UK. It is just Various participants involved in Brexit say that there can be no cherry picking. People need to realise that there will be no strawberry, raspberry or any other type of berry picking unless action is quickly taken. Member of the Association of Labour Providers 63
13 PAGE 24 PAGE 25 they won t have the same rights to work. 66 A Seasonal Agriculture Permit Scheme would address concerns about immigration while ensuring access to an essential seasonal workforce, and is such an obvious answer to the challenges facing British producers it has even been discussed in The Archers, Radio 4 s longrunning drama of rural life. 67 SAWS operated from 1948 to the end of 2013 and was designed to allow young people from across Europe to take up seasonal work as agricultural labourers. Before they could enter the UK, they had to have a confirmed job, and were issued with a permit which allowed them to work for a specific employer for up to six months. SAWS workers were tied to the farms on which they worked and could only travel between farms with the permission of the operator who had issued their permit. In its final year, there were 20,521 SAWS work cards issued across 514 farms, and SAWS workers were all counted in, and counted out. As the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC), an independent public body which advises the Government on migration issues, reported, SAWS was extremely well managed by the UK Border Agency and growers, supermarkets and consumers all benefited from the scheme. 68 In 2013, MAC reported: There are no groups in the UK who are obviously disadvantaged by the scheme. The resident labour force is not displaced as UK workers are generally unwilling or unable to take up seasonal farm work. Before we joined the EU we had a very good programme of seasonal workers' licences and it is not beyond the wit of man to have such a thing in future. Andrea Leadsom, Leader of the House of Commons
14 PAGE 26 PAGE 27 last word Laurence Olins, Chairman of British Summer Fruits says: The Home Office is on record as saying a new Seasonal Agriculture Permit Scheme could be introduced very quickly, within five or six months. But as the EFRA Committee pointed out that this would only happen, once the need for such a scheme had been identified. As an industry we believe the need for a Seasonal Worker Permit Scheme has been identified, so we need The Home Office to understand that we must have a scheme in place by the very latest September 2018 in order for us to recruit for the 2019 season. 69 Without it, an incredibly successful soft fruit industry, which contributes millions of pounds to the UK economy, will be crushed." Failure to secure the future of soft fruit production in the UK will have a negative impact on the economy, family budgets, the nation s health, UK food security and the environment. As an industry, we need assurances that Seasonal Agriculture Permit Scheme will be reintroduced as a matter of urgency, that there will be enough permits issued to meet the rising demand for labour. Laurence Olins Chairman of British Summer Fruits
15 PAGE 28 PAGE 29 References 1. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee report, Feeding the nation: labour constraints Q11 svc/evidencedocument/environment-food-and-rural-affairscommittee/feeding-the-nation-labour-contraints/oral/47050.html 2. EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints Q how-buyers-in-the-uk-can-capitalise-on-the-british-berry-boom 4. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, Andersons Midlands LLP. 5. Kantar data, on file 6. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, Andersons Midlands LLP Figure from Laurence, might be in Kantar data 9. Figure from Laurence, might be in Kantar data CommitteeEvidence.svc/EvidenceDocument/Environment,%20 Food%20and%20Rural%20Affairs/Feeding%20the%20 nation%20labour%20contraints/written/49765.html Association of Labour Providers; Labour Immigration Police Pre and Post EU Exit Briefing and Position Paper, November Labour-Immigration-Policy-Pre-And-Post-EU-Exit-ALP-Position- Paper-No...pdf 14. Association of Labour Providers; Labour Immigration Police Pre and Post EU Exit Briefing and Position Paper, November Association of Labour Providers; Labour Immigration Police Pre and Post EU Exit Briefing and Position Paper, November EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints, paragraph 5 cmenvfru/1009/ htm 20. Association of Labour Providers; Labour Immigration Police Pre and Post EU Exit Briefing and Position Paper, November CommitteeEvidence.svc/EvidenceDocument/Environment,%20 Food%20and%20Rural%20Affairs/Feeding%20the%20 nation%20labour%20contraints/written/46756.html Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q31 & Q Migration Statistics Quarterly Report: May 2017; Office for National Statistics ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/ populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/ migrationstatisticsquarterlyreport/may Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q6 28. EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints, paragraph cmselect/cmenvfru/1009/1009.pdf paragraph EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints, paragraph 11 uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmenvfru/1009/ htm CommitteeEvidence.svc/EvidenceDocument/Environment,%20 Food%20and%20Rural%20Affairs/Feeding%20the%20 nation%20labour%20contraints/written/47213.html 32. Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, Andersons Midlands LLP. 34. Food Statistics Pocket Book 2016, Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs page 25 uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/608426/ foodpocketbook-2016report-rev-12apr17.pdf 35. Post Brext Growers Survey 2016, British Growers Association 36. pone Recession-bites-Shoppers-cut-fruit-veg-downturn--poorest-makefood.html inflationtools/calculator/default.aspx 2 in 1996 would be worth 3.39 in pone php 52. The Andersons Brexit & Seasonal Labour Report, Andersons Midlands LLP attachment_data/file/551352/ndns_y5_6_uk_main_text.pdf 2 Headline findings attachment_data/file/551352/ndns_y5_6_uk_main_text.pdf Food Matters: Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century. The Strategy Unit July 2008 Executive summary page viii Towards%20a%20Strategy%20for%20the%2021st%20Century. pdf Food Matters: Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century. The Strategy Unit July 2008 Executive summary page iv ifr.ac.uk/waste/reports/food%20matters,%20towards%20a%20 Strategy%20for%20the%2021st%20Century.pdf EFRA Committee report: Food Security, Second Report of Session page 6 default/files/food-security.pdf 59. EFRA Committee report: Food Security, Second Report of Session food-security.pdf 60. Food Matters: Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century. The Strategy Unit July 2008 Executive summary page X ifr.ac.uk/waste/reports/food%20matters,%20towards%20a%20 Strategy%20for%20the%2021st%20Century.pdf 61. The Andersons Brexit &Seasonal Workers, Andersons Midlands LLP. DEFRA EFRA Labour Constraints Inquiry - ALP additional evidence submission - April EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints Conclusion and recommendations Migration Advisory Committee report: Migrant Seasonal Workers report uploads/attachment_data/file/257242/migrant-seasonal-workers. pdf 69. EFRA Committee report; Feeding the nation: labour constraints Conclusion and recommendations 17. Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q Food Statistics Pocket Book 2016, Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs page Oral evidence to EFRA Committee, February 8, 2017 Q18 38.Food Statistics Pocket Book 2016, Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs page 20
16 PAGE 30 June 2017
NFU Seasonal Labour Survey: Results & Analysis
NFU Seasonal Labour Survey: Results & Analysis Report contributors: Author, Hayley Campbell-Gibbons, NFU Chief Horticulture & Potatoes Adviser Data collection and analysis, David Clifford, NFU Research
More informationThe Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme
European Union: MW 393 Summary 1. Importing seasonal labour perpetuates low productivity in the agricultural sector and denies opportunities to British workers who are unemployed or are seeking part time
More informationThe Outlook for EU Migration
Briefing Paper 4.29 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. Large scale net migration is a new phenomenon, having begun in 1998. Between 1998 and 2010 around two thirds of net migration came from outside the
More informationCHANGE: Why people matter to Scottish farming and food
CHANGE: Why people matter to Scottish farming and food Why people matter Agriculture is the keystone of Scotland s booming food and drink sector, the largest manufacturing sector in Scotland. A substantial
More informationThe Outlook for Migration to the UK
European Union: MW 384 Summary 1. This paper looks ahead for the next twenty years in the event that the UK votes to remain within the EU. It assesses that net migration would be likely to remain very
More informationAugust 2010 Migration Statistics
WWW.IPPR.ORG August 2010 Migration Statistics ippr briefing 26 August 2010 ippr 2010 Institute for Public Policy Research Challenging ideas Changing policy 1 What do the latest migration statistics say?
More informationBrexit and the future of migrants in the social care workforce
Brexit and the future of migrants in the social care workforce R Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 1 Brexit: 2 The 3 What 4 What 5 Recommendations What next for the care workforce? 7 role of
More informationMigration Review: 2010/2011
briefing Migration Review: 2010/2011 ippr December 2010 ippr 2010 Institute for Public Policy Research Challenging ideas Changing policy About ippr The Institute for Public Policy Research (ippr) is the
More informationHORIZON. The impact of Brexit on the UK agricultural workforce
HORIZON Market Intelligence 20 September 2016 The impact of Brexit on the UK agricultural workforce SCENE SETTING In this issue of Horizon we consider the impact that Brexit may have on the industry in
More informationBrexit: Unite demands protections for workers in Food, Drink and Agriculture
7994_Brexit_FDA_A4_8pp_11.qxp_Layout 1 10/07/2017 11:33 Page 1 Brexit: Unite demands protections for workers in Food, Drink and Agriculture Safe, healthy food and high-quality jobs 7994_Brexit_FDA_A4_8pp_11.qxp_Layout
More informationA Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme (SAWS) for the Next Decade
NFU Policy Proposal A Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme (SAWS) for the Next Decade In conjunction with labour providers and horticultural employers; including: Concordia HOPS 50 Club Horticultural Employers
More informationALMR response to the Migration Advisory Committee s call for evidence on EEA migration and future immigration policy
ALMR response to the Migration Advisory Committee s call for evidence on EEA migration and future immigration policy About us and the sector The ALMR is the leading body representing the eating and drinking
More informationEuropean Integration Consortium. IAB, CMR, frdb, GEP, WIFO, wiiw. Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning
European Integration Consortium IAB, CMR, frdb, GEP, WIFO, wiiw Labour mobility within the EU in the context of enlargement and the functioning of the transitional arrangements VC/2007/0293 Deliverable
More informationThe UK Labour Market EU Workers by Occupation Skill Level
Briefing Paper 4.31 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. There are currently 400,000 EU14 workers in the UK who are more likely to be in a skilled occupation than the UK born 70% compared to 55%. However,
More informationA FAIR BREXIT FOR CONSUMERS
A FAIR BREXIT FOR CONSUMERS The People Roadmap Autumn 2017 #BREXIT CONTENTS Introduction 2 Recommendations 3 The importance of EU colleagues in retail 4 The share of EU nationals in the retail workforce
More informationBritain, the EU & Tourism
Written evidence submitted by VisitBritain (IOB0027) Britain, the EU & Tourism About VisitBritain and VisitEngland Tourism is currently worth 126.9 billion to Britain s economy. It is Britain s third largest
More informationMonthly Inbound Update June th August 2017
Monthly Inbound Update June 217 17 th August 217 1 Contents 1. About this data 2. Headlines 3. Journey Purpose: June, last 3 months, year to date and rolling twelve months by journey purpose 4. Global
More informationThe UK and the European Union Insights from ICAEW Employment
The UK and the European Union Insights from ICAEW Employment BUSINESS WITH CONFIDENCE icaew.com The issues at the heart of the debate This paper is one of a series produced in advance of the EU Referendum
More informationIMMIGRATION AND THE UK S PRODUCTIVITY CHALLENGE
Date: 6 July 2015 Author: Jonathan Portes IMMIGRATION AND THE UK S PRODUCTIVITY CHALLENGE This article is the second in a series of articles commissioned by NASSCOM, the premier trade body and the chamber
More informationImmigration and Housing
Housing: MW 438 Summary 1. Immigration is one of the key reasons for the current shortage of homes in England. In the past ten years, growth in the number of households headed by someone born aboard amounted
More informationMigration Advisory Committee Call for Evidence: EEA-workers in the UK labour market submission by the Sport and Recreation Alliance
Migration Advisory Committee Call for Evidence: EEA-workers in the UK labour market submission by the Sport and Recreation Alliance The Sport and Recreation Alliance The Sport and Recreation Alliance believes
More informationA2 Economics. Enlargement Countries and the Euro. tutor2u Supporting Teachers: Inspiring Students. Economics Revision Focus: 2004
Supporting Teachers: Inspiring Students Economics Revision Focus: 2004 A2 Economics tutor2u (www.tutor2u.net) is the leading free online resource for Economics, Business Studies, ICT and Politics. Don
More informationLabour Immigration Policy Pre and Post EU Exit Association of Labour Providers Briefing and Position Paper
Camberley House 1 Portesbery Road Camberley, Surrey GU15 3SZ Tel: 01276 509306 Fax: 01276 761076 Email: info@labourproviders.org.uk Website: www.labourproviders.org.uk November 3 rd 2016 Contact Labour
More informationGender pay gap in public services: an initial report
Introduction This report 1 examines the gender pay gap, the difference between what men and women earn, in public services. Drawing on figures from both Eurostat, the statistical office of the European
More informationReasons to vote REMAIN
Why we should stay in the EU: A guide for Young Professionals Reasons to vote REMAIN YOUR EVERYDAY LIFE Brits paid less to use their phones on holidays in Europe last year thanks to EU laws We benefit
More informationBrexit and the Future of UK Immigration
Brexit and the Future of UK Immigration A report from Eversheds Sutherland LLP February 2017 2 Executive summary Following the Prime Minister s recent speeches on Brexit, immigration policy is clearly
More informationIMMIGRATION AND THE LABOUR MARKET
Briefing Paper 1.6 www.migrationwatchuk.org IMMIGRATION AND THE LABOUR MARKET Summary 1 The Government assert that the existence of 600,000 vacancies justifies the present very large scale immigration
More informationWhy the Australian Capital Territory Should Offer Wage Subsidies to Low-Skilled Workers
Why the Australian Capital Territory Should Offer Wage Subsidies to Low-Skilled Workers Dr Andrew Leigh www.andrewleigh.com andrew.leigh@anu.edu.au 2 September 2005 Canberrans pride ourselves in our low
More information3 How might lower EU migration affect the UK economy after Brexit? 1
3 How might lower EU migration affect the UK economy after Brexit? 1 Key points EU migrants have played an increasing role in the UK economy since enlargement of the EU in 24, with particularly large impacts
More informationCER INSIGHT: The biggest Brexit boon for Germany? Migration. by Christian Odendahl and John Springford 11 December 2017
The biggest Brexit boon for Germany? Migration by Christian Odendahl and John Springford 11 December 217 Germany s economy desperately needs qualified immigrants to fill 78, jobs. Brexit will help it to
More informationThe likely scale of underemployment in the UK
Employment and Welfare: MW 446 Summary 1. The present record rates of employment are misleading because they take no account of the underemployed those who wish to work more hours but cannot find suitable
More informationHandling controversial issues. Migrant workers
Contents Introduction Page 3 Activities 1. Definitions Page 4 2. Seasonal Workers Page 5 3. Jobs for migrant workers? Page 6 4. Questioning a photograph Page 7-8 5. Interpreting statistics Page 9-10 6.
More informationReport: The Impact of EU Membership on UK Molecular bioscience research
Report: The Impact of EU Membership on UK Molecular bioscience research The Biochemical Society promotes the future of molecular biosciences: facilitating the sharing of expertise, supporting the advancement
More informationEuropean Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO TO THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Economic and social part DETAILED ANALYSIS
Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit Brussels, 18 October 2013 European Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO TO THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Economic and social
More informationImmigration and Employment:
WWW.IPPR.ORG Immigration and Employment: Anatomy of a media story by Sarah Mulley August 2010 ippr 2010 Institute for Public Policy Research Challenging ideas Changing policy Immigration and Employment:
More informationNational Farmers Federation
National Farmers Federation Submission to the 457 Programme Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold (TSMIT) 8 March 2016 Page 1 NFF Member Organisations Page 2 The National Farmers Federation (NFF)
More informationThe Economics of European Integration
The Economics of European Integration Chapter 8 Economic Integration, Labour Markets and Migration Why Labour Markets Matter Labour costs: key for international competitiveness Half of all production costs
More informationBritish Hospitality Association: Recommendations to Government
British Hospitality Association: Recommendations to Government Hospitality and tourism is the fourth largest industry in the UK, accounting for 4.5 million jobs, and is the sixth largest export earner.
More informationAssociate Professor Joanna Howe. Labour Supply Challenges and the Conditions of Work in the Australian Horticulture Industry
Associate Professor Joanna Howe Labour Supply Challenges and the Conditions of Work in the Australian Horticulture Industry Research Project 2016-2018 Project time frame 2015 Preliminary Research Proposal
More informationExecutive Summary. Overview --Fresh Market Tomatoes in California and Baja
Executive Summary Overview --Fresh Market Tomatoes in California and Baja This case study focuses on fresh tomato production in the Stockton, Merced, Fresno, San Diego, and San Quentin areas. California
More informationShort-term International Migration Trends in England and Wales from 2004 to 2009
Short-term International Migration Trends in England and Wales from 2004 to 2009 Simon Whitworth, Konstantinos Loukas and Ian McGregor Office for National Statistics Abstract Short-term migration estimates
More informationThe European emergency number 112
Flash Eurobarometer The European emergency number 112 REPORT Fieldwork: December 2011 Publication: February 2012 Flash Eurobarometer TNS political & social This survey has been requested by the Directorate-General
More informationPoverty and Shared Prosperity in Moldova: Progress and Prospects. June 16, 2016
Poverty and Shared Prosperity in Moldova: Progress and Prospects June 16, 2016 Overview Moldova experienced rapid economic growth, accompanied by significant progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity.
More informationMigration Advisory Committee call for evidence on the economic and social impacts of the UK s exit from the European Union.
Migration Advisory Committee call for evidence on the economic and social impacts of the UK s exit from the European Union. Submission by Weightmans LLP Tim Lang Partner DDI: 0121 200 8111 tim.lang@weightmans.com
More informationINTRODUCTION OF THE EURO IN THE MORE RECENTLY ACCEDED MEMBER STATES
Eurobarometer INTRODUCTION OF THE EURO IN THE MORE RECENTLY ACCEDED MEMBER STATES REPORT Fieldwork: April 2013 Publication: June 2013 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General
More informationThe outlook for EU migration if the UK remains subject to the free movement of people
The outlook for EU migration if the UK remains subject to the free movement of people European Union: MW 416 Summary 1. Should the UK remain subject to free movement rules after Brexit as a member of the
More informationRussell Group evidence to the Home Affairs Select Committee immigration inquiry
Russell Group evidence to the Home Affairs Select Committee immigration inquiry Summary The strong base of overseas talent at research-intensive universities, including researchers and students, is fundamental
More informationBrexit: How should we vote? 2017 Manifesto Review
Brexit: How should we vote? 2017 Manifesto Review How important is Brexit to the electorate? Britain leaving the EU has consistently been the most important issue reported by the electorate to be facing
More informationOutlook - Winter 2018
Economic Policy Centre Outlook - Winter 2018 Global trade winds, local headwinds The critical role of the consumer and the squeeze in real incomes formed the basis of the previous UUEPC economic outlook
More informationMeeting the needs of Somali residents
Meeting the needs of Somali residents Final Report April 2012 James Caspell, Sherihan Hassan and Amina Abdi Business Development Team Tower Hamlets Homes For more information contact: James Caspell 020
More informationReady, willing and able?
SEPTEMBER 2017 Ready, willing and able? Can the UK labour force meet demand after Brexit? Recruitment & Employment Confederation / 1 CONTENTS Foreword 2 Executive summary 4 Introduction 9 EU workers in
More informationwhat are the challenges, stakes and prospects of the EU accession negotiation?
17/10/00 CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE EUROPE : ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS, EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROSPECTS Roadshow EMEA Strategy Product London, October 17, and New York, October 25, 2000 The European Counsel
More information"The European Union and its Expanding Economy"
"The European Union and its Expanding Economy" Bernhard Zepter Ambassador and Head of Delegation Speech 2005/06/04 2 Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, I am delighted to have the opportunity today to talk to you
More informationQUARTERLY ECONOMIC SURVEY
QUARTERLY ECONOMIC SURVEY Q3 18 Black Country LEP ABOUT THE QES Carried out by the Black Country Chamber of Commerce and in partnership with the Black Country Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP), the Quarterly
More informationBrexit and immigration: the way forward
European Union: MW 447 Summary 1. The long silence on arrangements for future access to the UK for EU workers needs to be brought to an end. This paper recommends objectives for a new immigration regime.
More informationLabor markets in the Tenth District are
Will Tightness in Tenth District Labor Markets Result in Economic Slowdown? By Ricardo C. Gazel and Chad R. Wilkerson Labor markets in the Tenth District are tighter now than at any time in recent memory.
More informationWe are all post-socialist now! The UK economy and the transformation of east central Europe. Alison Stenning
We are all post-socialist now! The UK economy and the transformation of east central Europe Alison Stenning Stony-faced Brown gets ANOTHER lecture on the economy... from Poland s prime minister Trade and
More informationImmigration & Farm Labor 2017
Immigration & Farm Labor 2017 Philip Martin: plmartin@ucdavis.edu Finding sufficient & affordable labor is the farmer s #1 challenge H.P. Stabler (1903) CA Highlights Hired workers: average employ, 425,000
More informationHow do you think Brexit will affect junior lawyers?
How do you think Brexit will affect junior lawyers? Introduction Brexit has been the topic on everyone s minds throughout the United Kingdom (hereafter UK) and even the World over the past few months and
More informationEuropean Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO UNTIL THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Institutional Part ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW
Directorate-General for Communication Public Opinion Monitoring Unit Brussels, 21 August 2013. European Parliament Eurobarometer (EB79.5) ONE YEAR TO GO UNTIL THE 2014 EUROPEAN ELECTIONS Institutional
More informationSPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT
2013 SPANISH NATIONAL YOUTH 2013 GUARANTEE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ANNEX. CONTEXT 2 Annex. Context Contents I. Introduction 3 II. The labour context for young people 4 III. Main causes of the labour situation
More informationLetter prices in Europe. Up-to-date international letter price survey. March th edition
Letter prices in Europe Up-to-date international letter price survey. March 2014 13th edition 1 Summary This is the thirteenth time Deutsche Post has carried out a study, drawing a comparison between letter
More informationEU DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Special Eurobarometer 405 EU DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS REPORT Fieldwork: May - June 2013 Publication: November 2013 This survey has been requested by the European Commission,
More informationEU Settlement Scheme Briefing information. Autumn 2018
EU Settlement Scheme Briefing information Autumn 2018 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT You can use the information in this pack to increase awareness about the EU Settlement Scheme and provide EU citizens with
More informationFocus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX) written evidence to the Regulatory Reform Committee
Focus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX) written evidence to the Regulatory Reform Committee Subject: Government s deregulation agenda 20 April 2018 Summary 1. In order to meet the aims of the UK Modern Slavery
More informationRESTRICTED THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY S GOVERNMENT CABINET MINISTERIAL WORKING GROUP ON ASYLUM AND MIGRATION
THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY S GOVERNMENT AM(MWG)(05)1 21 September 2005 COPY NO CABINET MINISTERIAL WORKING GROUP ON ASYLUM AND MIGRATION FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS FROM NEW EU
More informationSTATISTICAL REFLECTIONS
World Population Day, 11 July 217 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 July 217 Contents Introduction...1 World population trends...1 Rearrangement among continents...2 Change in the age structure, ageing world
More informationTHE ANDREW MARR SHOW 24 TH APRIL 2016 THERESA MAY. AM: Good morning to you, Home Secretary. TM: Good morning, Andrew.
1 THE ANDREW MARR SHOW 24 TH APRIL 2016 THERESA MAY AM: Good morning to you, Home Secretary. TM: Good morning, Andrew. AM: If we stay in the EU will immigration go up or down? TM: Well, first of all nobody
More informationOptions for Romanian and Bulgarian migrants in 2014
Briefing Paper 4.27 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. The UK, Germany, France and the Netherlands are the four major countries opening their labour markets in January 2014. All four are likely to be
More informationPotential effect of the UK leaving the EU on UK tourism (Nigel Huddleston, Conservative, Mid Worcestershire)
COUNTRYSIDE ALLIANCE BRIEFING NOTE RURAL TOURISM Westminster Hall Debate Potential effect of the UK leaving the EU on UK tourism (Nigel Huddleston, Conservative, Mid Worcestershire) Wednesday 12 October
More informationHartlepool. Local Migration Profile. Quarter
Hartlepool Local Migration Profile Quarter 2 2011-12 This document summarises the main migration trends and data that we can access for Hartlepool up to 30 th September 2011 You are welcome to share this
More informationSS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion.
SS 11: COUNTERPOINTS CH. 13: POPULATION: CANADA AND THE WORLD NOTES 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1999 the UN declared the world s population had reached 6 billion. 2. Forecasters are sure that at least another billion
More informationA comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level
A comparative analysis of poverty and social inclusion indicators at European level CRISTINA STE, EVA MILARU, IA COJANU, ISADORA LAZAR, CODRUTA DRAGOIU, ELIZA-OLIVIA NGU Social Indicators and Standard
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 461. Report. Designing Europe s future:
Designing Europe s future: Trust in institutions Globalisation Support for the euro, opinions about free trade and solidarity Fieldwork Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General
More information1 Economic dependency and worklessness in the UK today
Signed ON, written off An inquiry into welfare dependency in Britain Executive summary This is the Executive Summary of Signed On, Written Off: An inquiry into welfare dependency in Britain. To download
More informationProsperity in Central and Eastern Europe A Legatum Institute Prosperity Report
Prosperity in Central and Eastern Europe 2016 A Legatum Institute Prosperity Report The Legatum Institute The Legatum Institute is an international think tank and educational charity focused on understanding
More informationOUR GENERATION NEEDS YOUR GENERATION S HELP TO SAVE OUR FUTURE.
OUR GENERATION NEEDS YOUR GENERATION S HELP TO SAVE OUR FUTURE. 70% of 18-24 year olds voted to Remain in the EU referendum, with 1.5 million other young people unable to vote at the time. Now, as the
More information2. Challenges and Opportunities for Sheffield to 2034
2. T he future presents many opportunities for Sheffield, yet there are also a number of challenges our city is facing. Sheffield is widely connected to the rest of the country and the world and, therefore,
More informationTHE NOWADAYS CRISIS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF EU COUNTRIES
THE NOWADAYS CRISIS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF EU COUNTRIES Laura Diaconu Maxim Abstract The crisis underlines a significant disequilibrium in the economic balance between production and consumption,
More informationEUROBAROMETER 72 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. Autumn The survey was requested and coordinated by Directorate-General Communication
Standard Eurobarometer EUROBAROMETER 72 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Autumn 2009 NATIONAL REPO Standard Eurobarometer 72 / Autumn 2009 TNS Opinion & Social UNITED KINGDOM The survey was requested
More informationPublic Policy in Mexico. Stephanie Grade. Glidden-Ralston
Public Policy in Mexico Stephanie Grade Glidden-Ralston Food has always been the sustaining life force for the human body. Absence of this life force can cause entire nations to have to struggle with health
More informationTaking the temperature of the South West economy. A snap-shot of the regional economy following the vote to leave the European Union
Taking the temperature of the South West economy A snap-shot of the regional economy following the vote to leave the European Union Contents 3 Introduction 5 The South West before Brexit: a fragile recovery
More informationIs the recession over in New York?
By James A. Parrott May 10, 2010 Job numbers are up, unemployment is down. Consumer confidence is up. Gross domestic product has increased for three quarters. It sounds like the is behind us and we re
More informationEmployment and Unemployment in the EU. Structural Dynamics and Trends 1 Authors: Ph.D. Marioara Iordan 2
Employment and Unemployment in the EU. Structural Dynamics and Trends 1 Authors: Ph.D. Marioara Iordan 2 Abstract Ph.D. Mihaela-Nona Chilian 3 Worldwide, employment trends are most often related to the
More informationMigrant population of the UK
BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP8070, 3 August 2017 Migrant population of the UK By Vyara Apostolova & Oliver Hawkins Contents: 1. Who counts as a migrant? 2. Migrant population in the UK 3. Migrant population
More informationEU exit FAQs Contents Error! Bookmark not defined.
EU exit FAQs Contents The elevator pitch: why EU exit matters to housing associations, in 60 seconds... 2 Why should the Government care what EU exit means for housing associations?... 2 Process... 2 What
More informationIn class, we have framed poverty in four different ways: poverty in terms of
Sandra Yu In class, we have framed poverty in four different ways: poverty in terms of deviance, dependence, economic growth and capability, and political disenfranchisement. In this paper, I will focus
More informationBrexit: Unite demands. for you. Health Sector
Brexit: Unite demands protections for you Health Sector Brexit: Unite demands protections for you The referendum result on 23rd June 2016 sent shock waves throughout the UK, making the whole political
More informationMark Allen. The Financial Crisis and Emerging Europe: What Happened and What s Next? Senior IMF Resident Representative for Central and Eastern Europe
The Financial Crisis and Emerging Europe: What Happened and What s Next? Seminar with Romanian Trade Unions Bucharest, November 2, 21 Mark Allen Senior IMF Resident Representative for Central and Eastern
More informationThe Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program
The Effects on U.S. Farm Workers of an Agricultural Guest Worker Program Linda Levine Specialist in Labor Economics December 28, 2009 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for
More informationBrexit: movement of people in the fields of sports and culture inquiry
1 Brexit: movement of people in the fields of sports and culture inquiry 28 February 2018 1. The Heritage Alliance is England s largest coalition of independent heritage interests. We unite over 115 organisations
More informationGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2012
General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2012 Economics ECON4 Unit 4 The National and International Economy Tuesday 31 January 2012 9.00 am to 11.00 am For this paper you must
More informationBuilding on Global Europe: The Future EU Trade Agenda
Karel De Gucht European Commissioner for Trade Building on Global Europe: The Future EU Trade Agenda House of German Industries Berlin, 15 April 2010 Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. It is a pleasure
More informationBrexit: Unite demands protections for you
Brexit: Unite demands protections for you Road Transport Commercial Logistics and Retail Distribution Sector Road Transport - Commercial Road Transport - Commercial Brexit: Unite demands protections for
More informationItalian Report / Executive Summary
EUROBAROMETER SPECIAL BUREAUX (2002) Italian Report / Executive Summary Survey carried out for the European Commission s Representation in ITALY «This document does not reflect the views of the European
More informationMiddlesbrough. Local Migration Profile. Quarter
Middlesbrough Local Migration Profile Quarter 1 2011-12 This document summarises the main migration trends and data that we can access for Middlesbrough up to 30 th June 2011 Any reproduction of the data
More informationThe Application of Quotas in EU Member States as a measure for managing labour migration from third countries
The Application of Quotas in EU Member States as a measure for managing labour migration from third countries 1. INTRODUCTION This short EMN Inform 1 provides information on the use of quotas 2 by Member
More informationIntroduction of the euro in the new Member States. Analytical Report
Flash Eurobarometer 270 The Gallup Organization Flash Eurobarometer European Commission Introduction of the euro in the new Member States Fieldwork: May 2009 This survey was requested by Directorate General
More informationBackgrounder. This report finds that immigrants have been hit somewhat harder by the current recession than have nativeborn
Backgrounder Center for Immigration Studies May 2009 Trends in Immigrant and Native Employment By Steven A. Camarota and Karen Jensenius This report finds that immigrants have been hit somewhat harder
More informationResponse of the Road Haulage Association to Migration Advisory Committee. EEA Workers in the UK Labour Market
Response of the Road Haulage Association to Migration Advisory Committee. EEA Workers in the UK Labour Market Background about the RHA 26 October 2017 1. The Road Transport Industry is a dynamic, business
More information