Migrants Where do they come from?
|
|
- Matthew Maxwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Migrants Where do they come from? Where do migrants come from, and where do they go? Politicians make claim and counter-claim, but what is significant immigration, and what is less significant, and how do you map it so that people can tell which is which? Timothy Martyn Hill and Alan Smith needed to do just that. People move from one place to another. How many of them move has always aroused controversy How do you decide how big is big? Specifically, if you are given a stream of numbers, how do you decide which numbers are significant and which ones can be regarded as make-weights and minor? Two of us, working in the Data Visualisation Department of the Office for National Statistics (ONS), were faced with that problem. The Department s job is to produce graphics that communicate complex data in an easily digestible manner because producing statistics is no good if no one can understand them. One of our tasks was to depict internal migration flows people moving homes between different parts of England and Wales. The way to show it was obvious: a map, an interactive one of course, with all the local authority areas marked out on it. Hovering your cursor over an area produced arrows showing migration to or from that area. The width of each arrow indicated the number of people. This worked fine except that no one could see what it was saying. Every local authority has at least one person moving to or from it from every other local authority and there were 348 local authorities in England and Wales. Consequently the arrows were an impossible tangled mess. (Ecologists have encountered much the same problem with seagulls see Significance, October 213.) The solution to this problem was equally obvious: to highlight the significant migration flows and ignore the rest. So we found ourselves faced with the problem we mentioned at the start: how big is big? How to decide which flows were significant and which ones were not, and do it fast enough to enable the results to be displayed on a mobile phone in real time because that is the way that large chunks of our audience want things. Our job, remember, was not to produce data but to communicate it. We could perhaps have shown just the largest flow into each area; but that would give a distorted impression: an area with two almost equal flows would have one of them showing on our map and the other invisible. Or we could have shown flows of say, more than 1 people. But then small areas would seem to have no immigration or emigration at all. Or we could have shown only flows which contributed to more than 3% of the total for that area. Again, this would be arbitrary and give false impressions: why 3%? How different would the map look if we chose 2% or 4%? And if it did look wildly different, then our method is unsatisfactory. We needed more sophisticated mathematics to guide our choice maths that would give a broadly similar picture no matter what arbitrary cut-off choices we made, and no matter what the distribution of flows might be. Happily, back in 1977, two geography professors, John Holmes and Peter Haggett, had considered a variant of this problem 1. They had looked at flows between cells in a network as, effectively, we were doing. They tested several methods for dividing the sheep from the goats, the significant flows from those that were not, as we were having to do. And they had decided which method was best. Unfortunately 1977 was in the pre-digital age. They dealt with ten-cell arrays at the most. We had 348 local authorities, with flows from each one of them to every other, making 12 -odd flows. Consequently our job was to resurrect the Holmes and Haggett paper, and see if their choice still held for today s data sets that can easily run into billions, and then extract and implement its solutions. And we had to do it against a deadline: the Census 211 release date was fast approaching, and those were the data we were wanting to show. 24 february The Royal Statistical Society
2 Reproducing Holmes and Haggett Holmes and Haggett had tested three statistical ways of measuring relative significance. We added three more and laid out criteria to judge them: Do they produce a low number of significant flows? A method that says that most flows are significant is useless. Are they resistant to long-tail distortion? In other words, if a lot of very tiny or even zero flows are added to an area, does this make the flows you had before seem more significant? It ought not to. Adding the data that no one moved from London to the Moon, or to Mars, or to Venus, should make no difference to the significance or otherwise of the other movement data; all too often, though, it does. How do the results change if you double each number in the array before analysis? Or if you square them? Again, the picture should remain broadly unchanged. Perhaps bizarrely, all six of our methods failed on the second criterion: adding lots of zero flows changed the results. Fortunately, two of them failed in the right direction adding lots of zero flows reduced the number of significant flows. Holmes and Haggett had concluded that a method using the sample Pearson product moment correlation worked best for the small arrays that they had. And happily, our tests of Pearson against the much larger arrays that we were working with confirmed that their original choice worked best for big data sets as well. For the mathematics, see www. statslife.org.uk/images/pdf/ migrants-where-do-they-comefrom-ref.pdf. So now we could inspect and, as important, we could display significant flows of people within England and Wales. England and Wales Our analysis was originally carried out on 211 internal migration data between the 348 local authorities in England and Wales. The illustrations are based on data for the year to June 212. Expanding London The analysis confirmed something that the ONS already knew: people migrate from London in a predictable way. They move west down the M4 corridor, east towards Essex, or south down the Eurostar line towards Canterbury, as shown in Figure 1. The orange line shows the flows into Canterbury that are significant. These movements tend to be shortrange. The significant immigrations are from its neighbours and from the London area, just 6 miles away. The maps for Slough, just west of London, and Thurrock, just east, are similar. Neighbours People do not move as much as you might think: in 27, 49% of people in the UK lived within 25 miles of their birthplace (see ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/213/ Over-Half-The-Population-Cant- Name-Any-Of-Their-GreatGrandparents.aspx). The analysis showed that many areas import and export significant numbers of people only to and from their nearest neighbours, no matter how prosperous or otherwise they may be. Birmingham (Figure 2) receives significant migration only from its next-door neighbours, even though it is the UK s second city; similarly, people in Grimsby, Liverpool and Oxford significantly migrate Figure 1. Migration to Canterbury. Significant migrations are in orange Figure 2. Migration to Birmingham february214 25
3 Figure 3. Migration to Cornwall Figure 4. Migration from the Isle of Wight only to their next-door neighbours. Perhaps more surprisingly, despite its reputation as the retirement destination of choice for England and Wales, Cornwall s sole significant source of people (Figure 3) is its neighbour Plymouth. categories, which might well show variability within this pattern. It is for the movements of people overall. 5 From the point of view of the ONS, this was all that was required. But the Pearson algorithm remained and was not tied to a graphical Large, sparsely populated local authorities Consider the larger but sparsely populated local authorities. You get lots of flows, but all of the flows are actually pretty small. What would you expect to see? With no obvious favourites, our method throws up lots of small significant flows. The Isle of Wight exhibits this phenomenon, with significant migration from it to many areas, especially the south coast (see Figure 4). Powys in Wales and Wiltshire in the west country show similar patterns. The general conclusion is, that broadly speaking, when you move, you will probably move somewhere close regardless of where you start from. If you live in a well-populated district you will probably move to one of a few favoured nearby areas, but if you live in a large sparsely populated area then there s no telling where you will move to. Our analysis did not consider age groups, or employment Figure 5. Migration into the UK, , from the EU15 countries those that belonged to the European Union prior to 24. The balance has almost has always been positive; red bars are significant peaks 26 february214
4 solid-istanbul/istock/thinkstock Figure 6. EU15 residents in the UK, by country of birth use: you could use it on any series of numbers to decide which was significant. So we used it to analyse migration into the United Kingdom United Kingdom Details of movement into and out of the UK, and foreign-born residents in the UK, were extracted from the International Passenger Survey (IPS) and other data published by the ONS. The IPS data are not an exact match to the Long-Term International Migration data published by the ONS but they are similar and the IPS data could be joined together and extended back to The data were split into the groupings of countries used by the ONS and the countries/regions of the UK (except Northern Ireland), and then analysed for using the Pearson algorithm. EU15 The EU15 are the fourteen countries that belonged to the European Union (excluding the 7 6 UK) prior to 24. They are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. For the avoidance of doubt, the ONS does not include the UK in these figures. The balance of migration into the UK from the EU15 has been positive (more have been entering than leaving) since 1975, with the exception of the early 198s. It started to take off in the mid-199s, peaked in the late 199s, then peaked again in the mid-2s. Figure 5 shows in red the significant years of migration according to the Pearson algorithm. The areas of the country significantly affected where most of these immigrants and their predecessors settled were London and the South East. Figure 6 shows that significant numbers of EU15-born residents in the UK are from Germany and the Republic of Ireland. 5 EU Slovenia Estonia Czech Republic Hungary Figure 7. EU8 residents in the UK, by country of birth Slovakia Latvia Lithuania Poland The EU8 are the eight countries of the EU that joined in 24 from what used to be popularly referred to as the Eastern bloc. They are Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Prior to that they were included in the other foreign category, so our analysis only covers the years since 24. Unlike the EU15 figures, migration to the UK from these countries is more diffuse and less concentrated. It was significant for every year between 24 and 211, with the exception of the recession of 28 and 29, when february214 27
5 New Zealand Canada Australia South Africa Figure 8. Old Commonwealth residents of the UK, by country of birth Commonwealth, old and new Immigration from the Commonwealth is also a live political topic. We can compare the old Commonwealth Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa with the new. The significant country of origin for old Commonwealth-born residents in the UK is South Africa (see Figure 8). The balance of migration from the new Commonwealth the remaining commonwealth countries, though with some anomalies has been positive since 1975 and was reasonably level until the mid-199s, when it started to rise, and has done so ever since. Again the red bars in Figure 9 show significance according to the Pearson algorithm. The significant countries for new Commonwealth-born residents in the UK are India and Pakistan (Figure 1). it dropped off dramatically. Similarly, whereas EU15 migrants were concentrated in London and the South East, EU8 migrants are spread evenly across the country, with the exception of Wales and the North East. However, significant numbers of EU8-born residents in the UK are from one nation: Poland. Four countries Malta, Cyprus, Bulgaria and Romania are members of the EU but are not included in the EU15 or EU8. For completeness, we looked at their figures also. Our analysis covers only the years since 24. Among them, there is significant migration to Britain only from one nation: Romania. Other foreign The balance of migration from the rest of the world was at a low level until the mid-199s, when it suddenly jumped, and has remained high ever since. Significant countries of birth are more widespread: they are Iran, Iraq, Hong Kong, Turkey, Somalia, China, the Philippines and the USA (Figure 11) Overall Having discussed variation within various categories, we then inspected them grouped together. The pattern by year was unsurprising: positive and at a low level until the mid-199s, then a sudden jump, and remaining high ever since. Similarly, the significant area of immigration was unsurprisingly London. What did come as a surprise was the categories from which significant immigration originated: other foreign and new Commonwealth outweighed the EU categories even combined, and dwarfed the old Commonwealth category. The countries that attract the most attention in debates on migration are not necessarily the most significant. 2 Figure 9. New Commonwealth migration into the UK, by year, Conclusion So we had made for ourselves a powerful graphical tool for flow maps. Since we can animate flow maps, this means we can identify significance and display meaningful information for billions of data points in a intuitively 28 february214
6 comprehensible manner and in seconds. Even five years ago, such feats were beyond us. Even better, we can generalise this tool to analyse any given series of numbers and apply it to any data. Since the algorithm is easily reproducible, the public can use it in turn to check the pronouncements of politicians and the media. Judgements should be based on accurate knowledge and data, and we hope our statistical tool will help towards this end References 1. Holmes, J. H. and Haggett, P. (1977) Graph theory interpretation of flow matrices: A note on maximisation procedures for identifying significant links. Geographical Analysis, 9(4), Timothy Martyn Hill was, and Alan Smith still is, in the Data Visualisation Department of the Office for National Statistics. Figure 1. New Commonwealth residents in the UK, by country of birth Figure 11. Other foreign residents in the UK, by country of birth february214 29
European Union Passport
European Union Passport European Union Passport How the EU works The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries that together cover much of the continent. The EU was
More informationStandard Note: SN/SG/6077 Last updated: 25 April 2014 Author: Oliver Hawkins Section Social and General Statistics
Migration Statistics Standard Note: SN/SG/6077 Last updated: 25 April 2014 Author: Oliver Hawkins Section Social and General Statistics The number of people migrating to the UK has been greater than the
More informationFertility rate and employment rate: how do they interact to each other?
Fertility rate and employment rate: how do they interact to each other? Presentation by Gyula Pulay, general director of the Research Institute of SAO Changing trends From the middle of the last century
More informationVISA POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
VISA POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Country Diplomatic Service National Term of visafree stay CIS countries 1 Azerbaijan visa-free visa-free visa-free 30 days 2 Kyrgyzstan visa-free visa-free visa-free
More informationMonthly Inbound Update June th August 2017
Monthly Inbound Update June 217 17 th August 217 1 Contents 1. About this data 2. Headlines 3. Journey Purpose: June, last 3 months, year to date and rolling twelve months by journey purpose 4. Global
More informationIMMIGRATION IN THE EU
IMMIGRATION IN THE EU Source: Eurostat 10/6/2015, unless otherwise indicated Data refers to non-eu nationals who have established their usual residence in the territory of an EU State for a period of at
More informationEuropean patent filings
Annual Report 07 - European patent filings European patent filings Total filings This graph shows the geographic origin of the European patent filings. This is determined by the country of residence of
More information3.1. Importance of rural areas
3.1. Importance of rural areas 3.1.1. CONTEXT 1 - DESIGNATION OF RURAL AREAS A consistent typology of 'predominantly rural', 'intermediate' or 'predominantly urban' regions for EC statistics and reports
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationMigration Challenge or Opportunity? - Introduction. 15th Munich Economic Summit
Migration Challenge or Opportunity? - Introduction 15th Munich Economic Summit Clemens Fuest 30 June 2016 What do you think are the two most important issues facing the EU at the moment? 40 35 2014 2015
More informationEurope divided? Attitudes to immigration ahead of the 2019 European elections. Dr. Lenka Dražanová
Europe divided? Attitudes to immigration ahead of the 2019 European elections Dr. Lenka Dražanová Europe divided? Europeans, overall, becoming more positive to immigration BUT country differences matter!
More informationSize and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline
January 31, 2013 ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.doc Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2013: A Further Decline by Friedrich Schneider *) In the Tables
More informationImproving the accuracy of outbound tourism statistics with mobile positioning data
1 (11) Improving the accuracy of outbound tourism statistics with mobile positioning data Survey response rates are declining at an alarming rate globally. Statisticians have traditionally used imputing
More informationASYLUM IN THE EU Source: Eurostat 4/6/2013, unless otherwise indicated ASYLUM APPLICATIONS IN THE EU27
ASYLUM IN THE EU Source: Eurostat 4/6/2013, unless otherwise indicated ASYLUM APPLICATIONS IN THE EU27 Total number of asylum applications in 2012 335 365 450 000 400 000 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (EU, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the EU, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More information2. The table in the Annex outlines the declarations received by the General Secretariat of the Council and their status to date.
Council of the European Union Brussels, 10 June 2016 (OR. en) 9603/16 COPEN 184 EUROJUST 69 EJN 36 NOTE From: To: Subject: General Secretariat of the Council Delegations Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA
More informationIdentification of the respondent: Fields marked with * are mandatory.
Towards implementing European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) for EU Member States - Public consultation on future EPSAS governance principles and structures Fields marked with are mandatory.
More informationMiddlesbrough. Local Migration Profile. Quarter
Middlesbrough Local Migration Profile Quarter 1 2011-12 This document summarises the main migration trends and data that we can access for Middlesbrough up to 30 th June 2011 Any reproduction of the data
More information2.3 IMMIGRATION: THE NUMBERS
1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2.3 IMMIGRATION: THE NUMBERS HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE COMING TO THE UK
More informationBelgium s foreign trade
Belgium s FIRST 9 months Belgium s BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE AFTER THE FIRST 9 MONTHS OF Analysis of the figures for (first 9 months) (Source: eurostat - community concept*) After the first nine months of,
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationThis refers to the discretionary clause where a Member State decides to examine an application even if such examination is not its responsibility.
2.6. Dublin Information collected by Eurostat is the only comprehensive publicly available statistical data source that can be used to analyse and learn about the functioning of Dublin system in Europe.
More informationINVESTING IN AN OPEN AND SECURE EUROPE Two Funds for the period
INVESTING IN AN OPEN AND SECURE EUROPE Two Funds for the 2014-20 period COMMON ISSUES ASK FOR COMMON SOLUTIONS Managing migration flows and asylum requests the EU external borders crises and preventing
More informationThe new demographic and social challenges in Spain: the aging process and the immigration
International Geographical Union Commission GLOBAL CHANGE AND HUMAN MOBILITY The 4th International Conference on Population Geographies The Chinese University of Hong Kong (10-13 July 2007) The new demographic
More informationVisa issues. On abolition of the visa regime
Visa issues On abolition of the visa regime In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 838 dated 23 December 2016 About the introduction of amendments and additions to
More informationOptions for Romanian and Bulgarian migrants in 2014
Briefing Paper 4.27 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. The UK, Germany, France and the Netherlands are the four major countries opening their labour markets in January 2014. All four are likely to be
More informationHowever, a full account of their extent and makeup has been unknown up until now.
SPECIAL REPORT F2008 African International Student Census However, a full account of their extent and makeup has been unknown up until now. or those who have traveled to many countries throughout the world,
More informationINTERNAL SECURITY. Publication: November 2011
Special Eurobarometer 371 European Commission INTERNAL SECURITY REPORT Special Eurobarometer 371 / Wave TNS opinion & social Fieldwork: June 2011 Publication: November 2011 This survey has been requested
More informationMigration, Mobility and Integration in the European Labour Market. Lorenzo Corsini
Migration, Mobility and Integration in the European Labour Market Lorenzo Corsini Content of the lecture We provide some insight on -The degree of differentials on some key labourmarket variables across
More informationREFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS, THE CRISIS IN EUROPE AND THE FUTURE OF POLICY
REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS, THE CRISIS IN EUROPE AND THE FUTURE OF POLICY Tim Hatton University of Essex (UK) and Australian National University Noise from America Firenze 11-12 June 2016 Introduction
More informationPopulation and Migration Estimates
An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh Central Statistics Office 21 September 2010 Components of population growth Population and Migration Estimates April 2010 Natural increase Net migration 80 60 40 20 0 Year ending
More informationThe Outlook for EU Migration
Briefing Paper 4.29 www.migrationwatchuk.com Summary 1. Large scale net migration is a new phenomenon, having begun in 1998. Between 1998 and 2010 around two thirds of net migration came from outside the
More informationSecond EU Immigrants and Minorities, Integration and Discrimination Survey: Main results
Second EU Immigrants and Minorities, Integration and Discrimination Survey: Main results Questions & Answers on the survey methodology This is a brief overview of how the Agency s Second European Union
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More information8193/11 GL/mkl 1 DG C I
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 25 March 2011 8193/11 AVIATION 70 INFORMATION NOTE From: European Commission To: Council Subject: State of play of ratification by Member States of the aviation
More informationPopulation and Migration Estimates
22 September 2009 Components of population growth Population and Migration Estimates April 2009 Natural increase Net migration 80 60 40 20 0 Year ending April 2008 April 2009 Natural increase 44,600 45,100
More informationRound 1. This House would ban the use of zero-hour contracts. Proposition v. Opposition
Round 1 This House would ban the use of zero-hour contracts New Zealand Bermuda Wales Romania Greece Estonia USA Scotland Slovakia Philippines Qatar Ireland Hungary Australia Japan Canada Sri Lanka Sweden
More informationAsylum Trends. Appendix: Eurostat data
Asylum Trends Appendix: Eurostat data Contents Colophon 2 First asylum applications in Europe (, Norway and Switzerland) Monthly asylum applications in the, Norway and Switzerland 3 First asylum applications
More informationBrexit. Alan V. Deardorff University of Michigan. For presentation at Adult Learning Institute April 11,
Brexit Alan V. Deardorff University of Michigan For presentation at Adult Learning Institute April 11, 2017 Brexit Defined: The exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union What that actually means
More information2016 Europe Travel Trends Report
2016 Europe Travel Trends Report One-third of worldwide travellers report1 they ll spend more on travel in 2016 than the year previous. Of those big spenders, Europeans dominate the list, with Switzerland,
More information1. Why do third-country audit entities have to register with authorities in Member States?
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Form A Annex to the Common Application Form for Registration of Third-Country Audit Entities under a European Commission Decision 2008/627/EC of 29 July 2008 on transitional
More informationPutting the Experience of Chinese Inventors into Context. Richard Miller, Office of Chief Economist May 19, 2015
Putting the Experience of Chinese Inventors into Context Richard Miller, Office of Chief Economist May 19, 2015 Outline Data and Methods Growth in PTO Filings Focus on foreign co-invention Patent examination
More informationMigration Report Central conclusions
Migration Report 2013 Central conclusions 2 Migration Report 2013 - Central conclusions Migration Report 2013 Central conclusions The Federal Government s Migration Report aims to provide a foundation
More informationGALLERY 5: TURNING TABLES INTO GRAPHS
CSSS 569 Visualizing Data GALLERY 5: TURNING TABLES INTO GRAPHS Christopher Adolph Department of Political Science and Center for Statistics and the Social Sciences University of Washington, Seattle CENTER
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN SEPTEMBER 2015
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN SEPTEMBER 2015 In September 2015, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 450.9 thousand (Annex,
More informationStockton upon Tees. Local Migration Profile. Quarter
Stockton upon Tees Local Migration Profile Quarter 1 2011-12 This document summarises the main migration trends and data that we can access for Stockton-on-Tees up to 30 th June 2011 Any reproduction of
More informationNew York County Lawyers Association Continuing Legal Education Institute 14 Vesey Street, New York, N.Y (212)
New York County Lawyers Association Continuing Legal Education Institute 14 Vesey Street, New York, N.Y. 10007 (212) 267-6646 Who is Who in the Global Economy And Why it Matters June 20, 2014; 6:00 PM-6:50
More informationWORLD DECEMBER 10, 2018 Newest Potential Net Migration Index Shows Gains and Losses BY NELI ESIPOVA, JULIE RAY AND ANITA PUGLIESE
GALLUP WORLD DECEMBER 10, 2018 Newest Potential Net Migration Index Shows Gains and Losses BY NELI ESIPOVA, JULIE RAY AND ANITA PUGLIESE STORY HIGHLIGHTS Most countries refusing to sign the migration pact
More informationEurostat Yearbook 2006/07 A goldmine of statistical information
25/2007-20 February 2007 Eurostat Yearbook 2006/07 A goldmine of statistical information What percentage of the population is overweight or obese? How many foreign languages are learnt by pupils in the
More informationExtended Findings. Finland. ecfr.eu/eucoalitionexplorer. Question 1: Most Contacted
Extended Findings Finland Preferences Question 1: Most Contacted Finland (2%) is not amongst the most contacted countries within the EU: Germany (22%), France (13%), the UK (11%), Poland (7%), Italy (6%),
More information2014 BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE
2014 BELGIAN FOREIGN TRADE 2 3 01 \\ EXPORTS 6 1.1 Geographical developments 1.2 Sectoral developments 02 \\ IMPORTS 14 2.1 Geographical developments 2.2 Sectoral developments 03 \\ GEOGRAPHICAL TRADE
More informationThe Markets for Website Authentication Certificates & Qualified Certificates
The Markets for Website Authentication Certificates & Qualified Certificates Clara Galan Manso European Union Network and Information Security Agency Summary 01 Contents of the study 02 Market analysis
More informationThe evolution of turnout in European elections from 1979 to 2009
The evolution of turnout in European elections from 1979 to 2009 Nicola Maggini 7 April 2014 1 The European elections to be held between 22 and 25 May 2014 (depending on the country) may acquire, according
More informationPostings under Statutory Instrument and Bilateral Agreements
Social Welfare Services Postings under Statutory Instrument 312-96 and Bilateral Agreements RETENTION OF AN EMPLOYEE TO IRISH SOCIAL INSURANCE LEGISLATION FOR A TEMPORARY POSTING OUTSIDE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
More informationUNDER EMBARGO UNTIL 9 APRIL 2018, 15:00 HOURS PARIS TIME
TABLE 1: NET OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FROM DAC AND OTHER COUNTRIES IN 2017 DAC countries: 2017 2016 2017 ODA ODA/GNI ODA ODA/GNI ODA Percent change USD million % USD million % USD million (1) 2016
More informationThe Ombudsman's synthesis The European Ombudsman and Citizens' Rights
European Ombudsman The Ombudsman's synthesis The European Ombudsman and Citizens' Rights Special Eurobarometer Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of the European Parliament and the European
More informationSTATISTICAL REFLECTIONS
World Population Day, 11 July 217 STATISTICAL REFLECTIONS 18 July 217 Contents Introduction...1 World population trends...1 Rearrangement among continents...2 Change in the age structure, ageing world
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2016 In August 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 590.6 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2015
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN AUGUST 2015 In August 2015, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 512.0 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationthe United Kingdom Furniture Produced by IAR Team Focus Technology Co., Ltd.
2010-2013 the United Kingdom Furniture 2013.10 Produced by IAR Team Focus Technology Co., Ltd. Contents 1. The United Kingdom Furniture Imports from 2010 to 2012...4 1.1. The United Kingdom Seats and Parts
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MAY 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MAY 2017 In May 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 653.3 thousand (Annex, Table 1) or
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2017
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN FEBRUARY 2017 In February 2017, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 366.8 thousand (Annex,
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MARCH 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN MARCH 2016 In March 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 354.7 thousand (Annex, Table
More informationIMMIGRATION, ASYLUM AND NATIONALITY ACT 2006 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
- 1 - IMMIGRATION, ASYLUM AND NATIONALITY ACT 2006 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES As an employer, we have a responsibility to ensure that each prospective employee is eligible to work in the United Kingdom,
More informationCO3.6: Percentage of immigrant children and their educational outcomes
CO3.6: Percentage of immigrant children and their educational outcomes Definitions and methodology This indicator presents estimates of the proportion of children with immigrant background as well as their
More informationSKILLS, MOBILITY, AND GROWTH
SKILLS, MOBILITY, AND GROWTH Eric Hanushek Ludger Woessmann Ninth Biennial Federal Reserve System Community Development Research Conference April 2-3, 2015 Washington, DC Commitment to Achievement Growth
More informationTerritorial indicators for policy purposes: NUTS regions and beyond
Territorial indicators for policy purposes: NUTS regions and beyond Territorial Diversity and Networks Szeged, September 2016 Teodora Brandmuller Regional statistics and geographical information unit,
More informationEducation Quality and Economic Development
Education Quality and Economic Development Eric A. Hanushek Stanford University Bank of Israel Jerusalem, June 2017 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Development = Growth Growth = Skills Conclusions
More informationWORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL ASSETS Munich, November 2018 Copyright Allianz 11/19/2018 1 MORE DYNAMIC POST FINANCIAL CRISIS Changes in the global wealth middle classes in millions 1,250
More informationTRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN DECEMBER 2016
TRIPS OF BULGARIAN RESIDENTS ABROAD AND ARRIVALS OF VISITORS FROM ABROAD TO BULGARIA IN DECEMBER 2016 In December 2016, the number of the trips of Bulgarian residents abroad was 397.3 thousand (Annex,
More informationBritain, the EU & Tourism
Written evidence submitted by VisitBritain (IOB0027) Britain, the EU & Tourism About VisitBritain and VisitEngland Tourism is currently worth 126.9 billion to Britain s economy. It is Britain s third largest
More informationEU Ornamental Fish Import & Export Statistics 2017 (Third Countries & Intra-EU Community trade)
ORNAMENTAL AQUATIC TRADE ASSOCIATION LTD. "The Voice of the Ornamental Fish Industry" 1 st Floor Office Suite, Wessex House 40 Station Road, Westbury, Wiltshire United Kingdom BA13 3JN T: +44 (0)1373 301353
More informationMigrant population of the UK
BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP8070, 3 August 2017 Migrant population of the UK By Vyara Apostolova & Oliver Hawkins Contents: 1. Who counts as a migrant? 2. Migrant population in the UK 3. Migrant population
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 464b. Report
Europeans attitudes towards security Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication This document
More informationEU Settlement Scheme Briefing information. Autumn 2018
EU Settlement Scheme Briefing information Autumn 2018 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT You can use the information in this pack to increase awareness about the EU Settlement Scheme and provide EU citizens with
More informationWALTHAMSTOW SCHOOL FOR GIRLS APPLICANTS GUIDE TO THE PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL WORKING
WALTHAMSTOW SCHOOL FOR GIRLS APPLICANTS GUIDE TO THE PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL WORKING 1.0 Introduction Under the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006, the School is required to consider all new employees
More informationBRIEFING. EU Migration to and from the UK.
BRIEFING EU Migration to and from the UK AUTHOR: DR CARLOS VARGAS-SILVA DR YVONNI MARKAKI PUBLISHED: 31/10/2016 NEXT UPDATE: 31/10/2017 5th Revision www.migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk This briefing provides
More informationInternational Egg Market Annual Review
07 International Egg Market Annual Review Global and regional development of egg production TABLE 1 2005 COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (1,000 T) (%) 2006 COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (1,000 T) (%) TABLE 2 COUNTRY
More informationPISA 2015 in Hong Kong Result Release Figures and Appendices Accompanying Press Release
PISA 2015 in Hong Kong Result Release Figures and Appendices Accompanying Press Release Figure 1-7 and Appendix 1,2 Figure 1: Comparison of Hong Kong Students Performance in Science, Reading and Mathematics
More informationIMMIGRATION, ASYLUM AND NATIONALITY ACT 2006 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
Morecambe and Heysham Grosvenor Park Primary School Roeburn Drive, Morecambe. Lancashire. LA3 3RY www.grosvenorpark.lancs.sch.uk (01524) 845708 Headteacher : Mr. Kevin Kendall head@grosvenorpark.lancs.sch.uk
More informationSpecial Eurobarometer 469. Report
Integration of immigrants in the European Union Survey requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication
More information112, the single European emergency number: Frequently Asked Questions
MEMO/09/60 Brussels, 11 February 2009 112, the single European emergency number: Frequently Asked Questions What is 112? 112 is the single European emergency number to dial free of charge in case of an
More informationPublic consultation on the EU s labour migration policies and the EU Blue Card
Case Id: a37bfd2d-84a1-4e63-8960-07e030cce2f4 Date: 09/07/2015 12:43:44 Public consultation on the EU s labour migration policies and the EU Blue Card Fields marked with * are mandatory. 1 Your Contact
More informationINTERNATIONALISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A CLOSER LOOK. Jon Deer and Gabi Lombardo GJForesight
INTERNATIONALISATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A CLOSER LOOK Jon Deer and Gabi Lombardo GJForesight INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRENDS BACKGROUND CLOSER LOOK AT STUDENTS INTERNATIONALISATION PUSH AND PULL BACKGROUND
More information5-Year Evaluation of the Korea-EU FTA Implementation
5-Year Evaluation of the Korea-EU FTA Implementation From Korea s perspective EU-Korea Business Forum "The EU-Korea FTA after five years: What s been achieved and what s next?" September 22 nd 2016, Seoul
More informationMigration in employment, social and equal opportunities policies
Health and Migration Advisory Group Luxembourg, February 25-26, 2008 Migration in employment, social and equal opportunities policies Constantinos Fotakis DG Employment. Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *4898249870-I* GEOGRAPHY 9696/31 Paper 3 Advanced Human Options October/November 2015 INSERT 1 hour 30
More informationMigration and Integration
Migration and Integration Integration in Education Education for Integration Istanbul - 13 October 2017 Francesca Borgonovi Senior Analyst - Migration and Gender Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
More informationMIGRATION TRENDS REPORT
MIGRATION TRENDS REPORT Migration Flows and Population Trends in Wales AUTHOR: Dr Yvonni Markaki PUBLISHED: February 2017 revision http://www.wrc.wales/migration-information This report is the third of
More informationMigration Report Central conclusions
Migration Report 2012 Central conclusions 2 Migration Report 2012: Central conclusions Migration Report 2012 Central conclusions The Federal Government s Migration Report aims to provide a foundation for
More informationThe diversity of Agricultural Advisory Services in Europe
ARIMNet2 International Conference on Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) in the Mediterranean 12-13 October 2016, Antalya, Turkey The diversity of Agricultural Advisory Services in Europe
More informationCLASSIFICATION/CATEGORISATION SYSTEMS IN AGENCY MEMBER COUNTRIES
CLASSIFICATION/CATEGORISATION SYSTEMS IN AGENCY MEMBER COUNTRIES The use of different systems of classification/categorisation of needs is currently being debated in a number of ways in almost all European
More informationEquality between women and men in the EU
1 von 8 09.07.2015 13:13 Case Id: 257d6b6c-68bc-48b3-bf9e-18180eec75f1 Equality between women and men in the EU Fields marked with are mandatory. About you Are you replying to this consultation in a professional
More informationGender pay gap in public services: an initial report
Introduction This report 1 examines the gender pay gap, the difference between what men and women earn, in public services. Drawing on figures from both Eurostat, the statistical office of the European
More informationEUROPEANS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SECURITY
Special Eurobarometer 432 EUROPEANS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SECURITY REPORT Fieldwork: March 2015 Publication: April 2015 This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration
More informationQ&A on the European Citizens' Initiative
Q&A on the European Citizens' Initiative From 1 April onwards, EU citizens will be able to ask the European Union to introduce new legislation - provided the organisers can muster one million signatures.
More informationIntellectual Property Rights Intensive Industries and Economic Performance in the European Union
Intellectual Property Rights Intensive Industries and Economic Performance in the European Union Paul Maier Director, European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights Presentation
More informationBULGARIAN TRADE WITH EU IN JANUARY 2017 (PRELIMINARY DATA)
BULGARIAN TRADE WITH EU IN JANUARY 2017 (PRELIMINARY DATA) In January 2017 Bulgarian exports to the EU increased by 7.2% month of 2016 and amounted to 2 426.0 Million BGN (Annex, Table 1 and 2). Main trade
More information