Palm Beach County Jail Population Forecast: 2003 to 2015 March 25, 2003

Transcription

1 Palm Beach County Jail Population Forecast: 2003 to 2015 Prepared for the Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission March 25, 2003 By William D. Bales, Ph.D. Justice Research and Analysis Services (JRAS) 1801 Marston Place Tallahassee, Florida (850)

2 Special Thanks to the following for their contributions to this report Edward Bieluch, Sheriff, Palm Beach County Colonel George Ottmer, Director of Corrections, Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office Captain Chris Kneisley, Inmate Management, Palm Beach County Sheriff s Office Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission CORRECTIONS TASK FORCE/ PUBLIC SAFETY COORDINATING COUNCIL MEMBERS Douglas Duncan, Esquire, Chairman Honorable Nelson E. Bailey, 15 th Judicial Circuit Robert Bozzone, Comprehensive Alcoholism Rehabilitation Program Honorable Jack Cook, 15 th Judicial Circuit Karen Fagan, Chief Assistant Public Defender Ted Booras, State Attorney s Office Valerie Rolle, Correctional Probation Deputy Administrator, Department of Corrections Kenneth Montgomery, Executive Director, Workforce Alliance Commissioner Warren Newell, PBC Board of County Commissioners Colonel George Ottmer, Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office Linda Rondone, Director, Criminal Court Services Alton Taylor, Drug Abuse Foundation of PBC Charlie Trotta, Manager, PBC Pretrial Services Agency Brian Harper, PRIDE Integrated Services, Inc.

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary...1 Introduction...2 Section 1: HISTORICAL JAIL POPULATION TRENDS AND ACCURACY OF CURRENT JAIL FORECAST Page Trends in Palm Beach County Jail Population...4 Table 1: Average Annual Daily Jail Population: 1988 to Chart 1: Average Annual Daily Palm Beach County Jail Population: 1988 to Table 2: Average Daily Jail Population by Month: January 1987 to April Comparison of 2001 Jail Forecast and Actual 2001 and 2002 Jail Population...7 Table 3: Comparison of Actual 2001 and 2002 Jail ADP and Forecasts From August 2001 Report.. 8 Section 2: JAIL FORECASTING METHODS AND RESULTS.2 Demographic and Time Series Modeling Techniques, Results...10 Results of Methods and Best Forecasting Model..11 Table 4: Forecast of Annual Average Daily Jail Population Table 5: Forecast of Highest Daily Jail Population Chart 2: Final Palm Beach County Average Annual Daily and Highest Daily Jail Forecast: 2003 to Jail Forecast Versus General, Current and Future Capacities..15 Table 6: Average Daily Populations from 2003 to Table 7: Highest Daily Populations from 2003 to Chart 3: Projected Palm Beach County Jail Population Versus General, Current and Future Jail Capacity Section 3: CRIMINAL JUSTICE TRENDS IN PALM BEACH COUNTY Summary of Trends and Characteristics of PBC Jail Population Table 8: Inmates in the PBC Jail in December 2002 by Demographic Categories Table 9: Average Days Served in Palm Beach County Jail for Inmates Released From January 2001 to December Table 10: Gender and Offense Types of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to Chart 4: Offense Types of Inmates in the PBC Jail in the Year Table 11: Status of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to Chart 5: Status of Inmates in the PBC Jail in the Year

4 Executive Summary The Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission contracted with Justice Research and Analysis Services (JRAS) to update the existing Palm Beach County jail forecast based on the latest demographic data from the 2000 Census, in an effort to predict as accurately as possible the number of inmates the Palm Beach County jail will need to accommodate for the period of 2003 to The last forecasting report was published in August 2001 and used two types of forecasting methods, one based on the demographics of the resident population in Palm Beach County and one using an econometric time series method. A comparison of the actual and forecasted jail populations shows that the average of the three models was accurate, especially for While the time series model #2 did track the actual jail population better than the forecast adopted, it is recommended that the average methodology be used for this updated forecast because research indicates that time series models typically are best suited for short-term forecasting. The new forecast results in a slight reduction in future jail populations from the forecast in the August 2001 report. The average of the three forecasts predicts that the average daily population will increase from the actual level of 2,475 in 2002 to 3,157 in The highest daily population is expected to reach a level of 3,419 in Based on the updated jail forecast produced for this report, the earliest any of the three types of jail capacities will be exceeded is in 2010 to accommodate the average daily jail population. However, the projected highest jail population on a given day during the year will exceed general jail capacity in It is important that the Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission monitor the accuracy of this updated jail forecast each year in the future and determine if any adjustments are required. 1

5 Introduction The Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission contracted with Justice Research and Analysis Services (JRAS) to update the existing Palm Beach County jail forecast based on the latest demographic data from the 2000 Census, in an effort to predict as accurately as possible the number of inmates the Palm Beach County jail will need to accommodate for the period of 2003 to This report documents the latest trends in the jail population since the last jail report in August 2001 and examines the level of accuracy of the jail forecast in the previous report. Also discussed are the types of analysis and statistical modeling used to generate a new jail population forecast through Finally, the new jail population forecast is presented, along with comparisons between the future jail populations and the current capacity of the jail. This will inform policy makers when new prison beds will need to be built and will help them determine the level of funding required to operate future jail populations. This report is divided into three sections: 1. Historical Trends in the Palm Beach County jail population from 1988 to 2002, including a comparison of the jail forecast conducted in 2001 and the actual jail population in 2001 and Jail Forecasting Methods and Results 3. Criminal Justice Trends in Palm Beach County 2

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7 Trends in the Palm Beach County Jail Population: 1988 through 2002 Table 1 and Chart 1 below show the changes in the annual average daily PBC jail population from 1988 to The population remained relatively stable from 1988 to 1993, ranging between 1,602 and 1,695. The jail population experienced significantly growth from 1,646 in 1993 to 2,587 in From 1999 to 2001, the population decreased by 156 inmates (2,587 to 2,431). This was followed by an increase in 2002 of 44 inmates to a population of 2,475. Table 2 shows that the jail population ended at a level of 2,439 in April Table 1 Average Annual Daily Jail Population: 1988 to 2002 Average Change in Year Annual Daily Jail Annual Population (ADP) Jail ADP , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Chart 1 Average Annual Daily Palm Beach County Jail Population: 1988 to ,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, ,587 2,494 2,475 2,465 2,254 2,378 2,431 2,095 1,743 1,602 1,695 1,647 1,616 1,671 1,

8 Table 2 Average Daily Jail Population by Month: January 1987 to April 2003 Year Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) Year Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) Year Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) 1987 January 1, January 1, January 1, February 1, February 1, February 1, March 1, March 1, March 1, April 1, April 1, April 1, May 1, May 1, May 1, June 1, June 1, June 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, August 1, August 1, August 1, September 1, September 1, September 1, October 1, October 1, October 1, November 1, November 1, November 1, December 1, December 1, December 1, January 1, January 1, January 1, February 1, February 1, February 1, March 1, March 1, March 1, April 1, April 1, April 1, May 1, May 1, May 1, June 1, June 1, June 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, August 1, August 1, August 1, September 1, September 1, September 1, October 1, October 1, October 1, November 1, November 1, November 1, December 1, December 1, December 1, January 1, January 1, January 1, February 1, February 1, February 1, March 1, March 1, March 1, April 1, April 1, April 2, May 1, May 1, May 2, June 1, June 1, June 2, July 1, July 1, July 2, August 1, August 1, August 2, September 1, September 1, September 2, October 1, October 1, October 2, November 1, November 1, November 2, December 1, December 1, December 2,166 5

9 Year Table 2 (Continued) Average Daily Jail Population by Month: January 1987 to April 2003 Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) Year Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) Year Month Average Daily Jail Population (ADP) 1996 January 2, January 2, January 2, February 2, February 2, February 2, March 2, March 2, March 2, April 2, April 2, April 2, May 2, May 2, May 2, June 2, June 2, June 2, July 2, July 2, July 2, August 2, August 2, August 2, September 2, September 2, September 2, October 2, October 2, October 2, November 2, November 2, November 2, December 2, December 2, December 2, January 2, January 2, January 2, February 2, February 2, February 2, March 2, March 2, March 2, April 2, April 2, April 2, May 2, May 2, June 2, June 2, July 2, July 2, August 2, August 2, September 2, September 2, October 2, October 2, November 2, November 2, December 2, December 2, January 2, January 2, February 2, February 2, March 2, March 2, April 2, April 2, May 2, May 2, June 2, June 2, July 2, July 2, August 2, August 2, September 2, September 2, October 2, October 2, November 2, November 2, December 2, December 2,431 6

10 Comparison of the Jail Forecast Conducted in August 2001 and the Actual Jail Populations in 2001 and 2002 The issue addressed in this section is the level of accuracy of the jail forecasting project reported in the August 2001 forecasting report. There were three separate forecasts conducted for the August 2001 report: 1. A forecast that used changes in the resident population of Palm Beach County predicted from the 1990 Census data and the makeup of the jail population based on age, gender and racial groups. 2. A forecast that used an econometric time series forecasting methodology that uses historical trends to predict the future population. This first time series model used the historical period from January 1995 to April 2001 to forecast the annual ADP from 2001 to A second time series model used a longer historical period from January 1987 to April The PBC Criminal Justice Commission decided to use all three forecasting methods by taking the average annual forecast of the three models as the final forecast. Table 3 displays a comparison between the jail populations forecasted in the August 2001 report and the actual annual average jail populations in 2001 and This comparison shows that, for 2001, all three models were very accurate. The range of variance between the forecasted jail population in 2001 and the actual ADP for 2001 ranged from 45 to 57 or 1.9% to 2.3%, for the three modeling techniques and the agreed-upon average forecast. All four forecasts exceeded the actual jail population, though the differences were minor. The final forecast adopted by the PBC Criminal Justice Commission was the average of the demographic and two time series model results. This forecast was quite accurate for 2002, with the forecast exceeding the actual population by only 25 inmates, or 1.0% (2,475 versus 2,450). The demographic model was less accurate with a variance of 57 (2.3%). The time series #2 model produced the most accurate forecast for 2002 with an average ADP only three higher than the actual population. While the time series #2 forecast was more accurate than the final forecast adopted by the PBC Criminal Justice Commission, it is recommended that the average forecast be adopted again for this updated forecast. The reason for this recommendation is that, in practical terms, both forecasts were very close to the actual population in 2002 and time series-based forecasts typically are considered appropriate for short-term estimates and are less reliable in the long term. 7

11 Table 3 Comparison of Actual 2001 and 2002 Jail ADP and Forecasts from August 2001 Report Average of Demographic and Time Series Models: Final Forecast Adopted by PBC Actual Annual Jail ADP Forecasted Annual Jail ADP Year ,431 2, % ,475 2, % Actual Annual Jail ADP Forecasted Annual Jail ADP Year ,431 2, % ,475 2, % Actual Annual Jail ADP Forecasted Annual Jail ADP Difference between Actual and Forecast Demographic Forecast of Jail ADP Difference between Actual and Forecast Time Series Model #1 Forecast of Jail ADP Difference between Actual and Forecast Year ,431 2, % ,475 2, % Time Series Model #2 Forecast of Jail ADP Actual Annual Forecasted Difference between Year Jail ADP Annual Jail Actual and Forecast ADP ,431 2, % ,475 2, % 8

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13 Jail Forecasting Methods and Results The August 2001 PBC jail forecasting report contains detailed documentation of the forecasting methods considered for that study and the reasons why two methods, demographics and time series models, were ultimately selected and employed. This earlier report can be referred to for readers interested in these details. This updated forecasting study uses the demographic method and time series methods selected as the most reliable methodologies in the 2001 report to update the jail forecast. Demographic Modeling Technique The 2001 report used estimates of the future Palm Beach County resident population within various age, gender, and race groups based on the 1990 Census count. The current demographic based jail forecast is based on estimates of changes in the size and makeup of the PBC resident population based on the 2000 Census figures. The forecasted demographic data is estimated by the University of Florida s Bureau of Economic and Demographic Research. The steps used to develop a jail forecast using the demographic projections are as follows. First, data supplied by the PBC Jail on all offenders in jail in December 2002 was used to determine the number and percent of the total population within 32 different age, gender, and racial groups. These figures are contained in Table 10 in Section 3. Calculations were then made of the percentage of the resident population within each of the 32 groups that were in the jail in These percentages were then applied to the number of the residents within each of the groups that are projected to be in PBC from the demographic data from 2003 to Time Series Modeling Technique This projection method uses a well-established econometric time series statistical model. This technique relies solely on the historical trends of what is being forecasted to predict the future. This modeling technique places more weight, or importance, on the later years of the historical series and less weight on the earlier years. The assumption made is that whatever is influencing a change in the recent past is more likely to affect the future than factors in the more distant past. It is a judgment call as to the appropriate length of the historical time series of data that should be used to forecast into the future. As in the 2001 report, this study uses two historical time frames, one longer than the other. Model #1 uses a short time span of January 1995 to December 2002 to forecast the annual ADP from 2003 to Model #2 uses a longer time frame from January 1987 to December 2002 to forecast the annual ADP from 2003 to Both models use monthly jail ADP figures to forecast monthly populations, which are then averaged for each year in the forecasting period. 10

14 Results of the Three Jail Forecasting Methods Table 4 displays the result of the three average daily annual jail forecasts and one that averages the three. The salient points of the forecasts produced from the models are as follows: 1. All three models show moderate, but consistent, increases in the jail population each year between 2003 and The demographic based model produces lower expected increases than either of the Time Series Models, to a population level of 2,861 in The Time Series Model #1, using the short historical period from 1995 to 2002, produces a lower estimated jail population in 2015 than Model #2, which uses the longer period from 1987 to 2002 (3,176 versus 3,433). Table 5 displays the highest jail population during any given day in each year of the forecasting period from 2003 to These figures are important to consider when making decisions about when new jail beds will need to be built and will be discussed further when comparisons are made between the jail population forecast and the current capacity of the jail. Selection of Best Forecasting Model In Section 1 of this report, an evaluation of how well the different jail forecasts performed from the August 2001 report was presented. This analysis, along with the relative strengths and weaknesses of the demographic and time series modeling techniques, led to the recommendation that the average of the three forecasts be adopted as the final forecast. 11

15 Table 4 Forecast of Annual Average Daily Jail Population (Demographic Model, Time Series Models, and Average of Three Models) Time Series Forecast: Model #1 Time Series Forecast: Model #2 Average of Demographic and Time Series Models #1 and #2 Demographic Year Model ,431 2,512 2,516 2, ,478 2,558 2,592 2, ,524 2,614 2,669 2, ,565 2,670 2,745 2, ,608 2,726 2,822 2, ,649 2,783 2,898 2, ,687 2,839 2,975 2, ,722 2,895 3,051 2, ,754 2,951 3,127 2, ,784 3,008 3,204 2, ,811 3,064 3,280 3, ,836 3,120 3,357 3, ,861 3,176 3,433 3,157 12

16 Table 5 Forecast of Highest Daily Jail Population (Demographic Model, Time Series Models, and Average of Three Models) Time Series Forecast: Model #1 Time Series Forecast: Model #2 Average of Demographic and Time Series Models #1 and #2 Demographic Year Model ,633 2,720 2,725 2, ,684 2,770 2,807 2, ,733 2,831 2,891 2, ,778 2,892 2,973 2, ,824 2,952 3,056 2, ,869 3,014 3,139 3, ,910 3,075 3,222 3, ,948 3,135 3,304 3, ,983 3,196 3,387 3, ,015 3,258 3,470 3, ,044 3,318 3,552 3, ,071 3,379 3,636 3, ,098 3,440 3,718 3,419 13

17 Chart 2 Final Palm Beach County Average Annual Daily and Highest Daily Jail Forecast: 2003 to 2015 (Average of the Three Models) 3,500 3,300 3,100 2,900 2,700 2,500 2,300 3,007 2,944 2,881 2,818 2,754 2,693 2,777 2,719 2,660 2,602 2,543 2,486 3,362 3,419 3,305 3,248 3,188 3,129 3,069 3,157 3,104 3,052 2,999 2,944 2,889 2,834 Annual Average Daily Population Forecast Highest Average Daily Population Forecast

18 Jail Forecast Versus General, Current and Future Capacities: The Palm Beach county jail system uses three definitions of jail capacity: 1. General Population Capacity is the number of jail beds that are staffed and funded minus the number of beds needed for special needs, such as segregation, medical, and crisis stabilization. The General Capacity of the jail system as of March 2003 was 2,858 beds. 2. Current Capacity is the total number of jail beds that are staffed and funded to house all inmates, including those in general population as well as special needs populations. The Current Capacity of the jail system as of March 2003 was 2,922 beds. 3. Future Capacity is the number of inmates the jail system can hold if the necessary staff and funds are made available to enable occupancy of all available jail beds. The Future Capacity of the jail system as of March 2003 was 3,320 beds. Table 6 shows that Palm Beach County will not have to increase its general jail capacity until the year 2010 to accommodate the average daily population during the year. Table 7 indicates the general jail capacity will have to be increased in 2006 to accommodate the highest daily jail population during the year when the population is projected to reach a high of 2,881 inmates while the current capacity is 2,858. Additionally, the highest daily population will be within only 40 beds in According to the final jail forecast, the current jail capacity will not have to be increased until 2011 to accommodate the average annual daily jail population. However, the highest daily population is projected to exceed the current jail capacity by 22 in The future jail capacity of 3,320 beds will not have to be increased throughout the 2015 forecasting period to accommodate the average annual jail population, but will need to be increased in 2014 to accommodate the highest daily jail population. Based on the updated jail forecast produced for this report, the general jail capacity will need to be increased in 2006 to accommodate the highest daily population, but will not need to be increased until 2010 to handle the average daily population. It is important that the Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Commission monitor the accuracy of this updated jail forecast each year in the future and determine if any adjustments are required. 15

19 Table 6 Average Daily Populations From 2003 to 2015: Difference between Final Jail Forecast and General, Current and Future Jail Capacities Final PBC General Jail Current Jail Future Jail Jail Capacity of Capacity of Capacity of Year Forecast 2,858 2,922 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

20 Table 7 Highest Daily Populations From 2003 to 2015: Difference between Final Jail Forecast and General, Current and Future Jail Capacities Final PBC General Jail Current Jail Future Jail Jail Capacity of Capacity of Capacity of Year Forecast 2,858 2,922 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

21 Chart 3 Projected Palm Beach County Jail Population Versus General, Current and Future Jail Capacity 3,900 3,700 Highest Daily Population Forecast Average Annual Daily Population Forecast General Jail Capacity (2,858) Current Jail Capacity (2,922) Future Jail Capacity (3,320) 3,500 3,300 3,100 2,900 2,700 2,500 2,300 3,419 3,362 3,320 3,320 3,320 3,320 3,320 3,248 3,305 3,320 3,320 3,188 3,129 3,069 3,104 3,157 2,922 2,922 2,922 3,052 2,922 3,007 2,999 2,944 2,944 2,858 2,881 2,889 2,858 2,858 2,858 2,818 2,834 2,754 2,777 2,693 2,660 2,719 2,602 2,486 2,

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23 Summary of Trends and Characteristics of the Palm Beach County Jail Population The purpose of this section is to present general information about the jail population in Palm Beach County. The following is a brief summary of what this data indicates: Table 8 PBC Jail Population in December 2002: Over one-quarter (27.2%) of the jail population were males between the ages of 18 and 24. Table 9 - Average Days Served in Palm Beach County Jail for Inmates Released From January 2001 to December 2002: On average, inmates released from the PBC jail in 2002 served 26.9 days in jail. No meaningful change occurred in the average time served from 2001 to 2002 (26.2 to 26.9 days). Table 10 - Gender and Offense Types of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to 2002: The proportion of the total jail population comprised of female inmates was virtually the same in 2002 as it was in 1998 (10.9% versus 10.7%). The proportion of the jail population incarcerated for felony offenses has increased somewhat over the past five years (68.3% in 1998 versus 71.1% in 2002). Table 11 - Status of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to 2002: The percentage of the jail population comprised of offenders awaiting trial increased significantly from 1998 to 2002 (54.8% to 68.3%) In contrast, the percentage of jail inmates sentenced to 364 days or less has decreased significantly from 1998 to 2002 (31.9% to 22.0%). 20

24 Table 8 Inmates in the PBC Jail in December 2002 by Demographic Categories Gender, Race and Age Groups Number Percent Cumulative Number Cumulative Percent 1 Male - Non-White - 18 to % % 2 Male - White - 18 to % % 3 Male - White - 35 to % % 4 Male - White - 25 to % % 5 Male - Non-White - 25 to % 1, % 6 Male - White - 30 to % 1, % 7 Male - White - 40 to % 1, % 8 Male - White - 45 to % 1, % 9 Male - Non-White - 35 to % 1, % 10 Male - Non-White - 30 to % 1, % 11 Male - Non-White - 40 to % 1, % 12 Male - Non-White - 45 to % 1, % 13 Male - Non-White - 17 or Under % 1, % 14 Female-White 18 to % 1, % 15 Male - White - 17 or Under % 1, % 16 Female-White 35 to % 1, % 17 Female-White 30 to % 1, % 18 Male - White - 55 or Older % 1, % 19 Female- Non-White - 18 to % 2, % 20 Female- Non-White - 35 to % 2, % 21 Female-White 45 to % 2, % 22 Female- Non-White - 25 to % 2, % 23 Female- Non-White - 40 to % 2, % 24 Female- Non-White - 30 to % 2, % 25 Female-White - 25 to % 2, % 26 Female-White - 40 to % 2, % 27 Male - Non-White - 55 or Older % 2, % 28 Female- Non-White - 45 to % 2, % 29 Female- Non-White - 17 or Under 2 0.1% 2, % 30 Female-White - 17 or Under 2 0.1% 2, % 31 Female- Non-White - or Older 1 0.0% 2, % 32 Female-White - 55 or Older 1 0.0% 2, % Total 2, % Source: Data provided by the Palm Beach County Jail 21

25 Table 9 Average Days Served in Palm Beach County Jail for Inmates Released From January 2001 to December 2002 Year Month Average Days Served 2001 January February March April May June July August September October November December January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Average Total Average 26.9 Data Source: Palm Beach County Jail System Dataset 22

26 Table 10 Gender and Offense Types of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to Types of Inmates: No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent Average Population 2,526 2,551 2,491 2,351 2,385 Gender: Males 2, % 2, % 2, % 2, % 2, % Females % % % % % Offense Type Felonies 1, % 1, % 1, % 1, % 1, % Mis demeanors % % % % % Other % % % % % Source: Florida Department of Corrections, Florida County Detention Facilities Average Inmate Population monthly report. Chart 4 Offense Types of Inmates in the PBC Jail in the Year 2002 Others 6.4% Misdemeanors 22.5% Felonies 71.1% 23

27 Table 11 Status of Inmates in the PBC Jail: 1998 to Jail Status: No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent Average Population 2,526 2,551 2,491 2,351 2,385 A waiting Trial 1, % 1, % 1, % 1, % 1, % Sentenced (364 Days or Les s) % % % % % Probation Violation - Technical % % % % 1 0.0% Sentenced (365 Days or More) % % % % % A waiting Sentencing % % % 7 0.3% 1 0.0% Other % % % % % Source: Florida Department of Corrections, Florida County Detention Facilities Average Inmate Population monthly report. Chart 5 Status of Inmates in the PBC Jail in the Year 2002 Awaiting Trial 68.4% Other 6.2% Awaiting Sentencing 0.0% Sentenced (364 days or less) 22.0% Sentenced (365 days or more) 3.4% Probation Violator - Technical 0.0% 24

28 Palm Beach County Board of County Commissioners Karen T. Marcus, Chair Tony Masilotti, Vice Chairman Jeff Koons Warren H. Newell Mary McCarty Burt Aaronson Addie L. Greene County Administrator Robert Weisman CRIMINAL JUSTICE COMMISSION Jorge Dominicis, Chairman Leo E. Noble, Vice Chairman Ric Bradshaw, Secretary Wendy Sartory Link, Treasurer L. Diana Cunningham, Executive Director