Involuntary Resettlement Assessment and Measures. BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project

Transcription

1 Involuntary Resettlement Assessment and Measures Resettlement Action Plan: Main Bridge and Approach Roads Document Stage: Draft Project Number: June 2010 BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project Prepared by Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Government of Bangladesh. The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary...v Abbreviations...x Glossary... xii CHAPTER AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AND INTRODUCTION TO RAP II Project Background Project Boundary and Components Project Benefits & Impacts Scope of Land Acquisition & Requisition in the Project Measures to Minimize Impact Approach adopted towards safeguard issues Scope of RAP II Resettlement Impacts Objective of RAP II...7 CHAPTER Socio Economic Profile of the Affected Population Project Area General Profile of the Three Districts Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population Demographic Information Level of Education Occupational Profile Level of Income of Affected Population Poverty Status Migration Gender Status Gender impacts of the Project Summary...19 CHAPTER IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT The Project Impacts Scope of Land Acquisition Impact on Agricultural Land Project induced Displacement Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households Type of affected structures Construction Type of Affected structures Affected Trees Impact on Wage Earners Vulnerability Status of Affected Households...26 CHAPTER CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION Project Stakeholders Stakeholders Attitudes towards the Project Consultation Process adopted in the PMBP Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study Consultations during PPTA Studies...31

3 ii 4.4 Disclosure and Consultation on Main Bridge & Approach Roads Environmental Assessment Consultative Process Public Disclosure of RAP II Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation...33 CHAPTER POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh Harmonization with Co-financing Policies Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project Cut-off Dates Valuation of Assets Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements Eligibility Criteria Compensation and Entitlement Policy...38 CHAPTER RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT Displacement and Relocation Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement Preferred Option for Relocation Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households Small Group Resettlement Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites Resettlement Site Selection and Development Participation and Site Development Plot Sizes and Allocation Host Community Facilities Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups Physical Cultural Resources CEMP and Public Health Action Plan...55 CHAPTER INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP) Impacts on Income Approach Towards Income and Livelihood Restoration Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan Needs Assessment and Feasibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration options Institutional Arrangement for ILRP...61 CHAPTER INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP II IMPLEMENTATION Introduction Institutional Framework for RAP II Roles and Responsibilities Role of the Executive Director Role of the Project Director Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) RU Role of the SE (Resettlement) Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement Role of Deputy Director M&E Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer-Resettlement Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers...70

4 iii Role of Deputy Commissioners Office(s) Role of Implementing NGO Role of Project Consultants Role of External Monitoring Agency Resettlement Management Committees Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) Capacity Building for Resettlement Management Implementation and Monitoring Database RAP Implementation Schedule...78 CHAPTER LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS Introduction Budget Unit Costs of Land and Assets Replacement Value of Land Replacement Value of Structures Market Value of Trees Market Value of Crops Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance Additional Assistance Dislocation Allowance Transfer Grant Reconstruction Grant One Time Special Assistance Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management Approval of the Resettlement Budget Management of Resettlement Fund...87 CHAPTER MONITORING AND EVALUATION Introduction Objectives of M&E Stages of M&E M&E Indicators Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy Internal Monitoring External Monitoring M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE) M&E by Co-financiers Methodology and Approach Institutional Arrangements for M&E Office of the Project Director Independent External Monitoring Agency Reporting Requirements...94 Annex I: Harmonization of Co-financiers Safeguard Policies...96 Annex II Gaps and Gap-filling Measures in Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) Annex III: Terms of Reference (TOR) for Coordinating-NGO (CNGO) for implementation of Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP) Annex IV: Terms of Reference for External Monitoring Agency (EMA)...119

5 iv Annex V DETAIL LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT BUDGET, RAP-II Annex VI Draft Information Brochure RAP II (Bengali Version) Annex VII Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009)...158

6 v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. The Project 1. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River on Mawa-Janjira points. This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A prefeasibility study 1 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS) 2 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design 3 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high priority project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of this bridge in September B. Overall Project Benefits & Impacts 2. The project impacts have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA 4, BBA, 5 and ADB. 6 According to the most recent studies and estimates, 7 a total of 13,501 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 8,526 households (AH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 4,975 AHs losing structures (housing and commercial). It is estimated that a total of 2,882 persons will be losing wage employment temporarily. In addition, about 1,000 persons experiencing indirect or secondary impacts such as loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters 8 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 74,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. 3. A total of ha of land will be required as per detailed design for various project components. Of the total land to be acquired, it is estimated that ha would be acquired for River Training Work (RTW) whereas the Bridge components (construction of approach road, service area and toll plaza) would entail acquisition of ha of land of the total affected land. Sixty-eight (68.66) ha of land has been acquired for 5-resettlement sites for relocation of Project affected households and businesses. About 81 ha of land will be acquired for the construction yard on the Mawa site. Apart from land acquisition, ha land (12% of the total land) would be requisitioned for construction yards for a period of 5 year. After five years, on completion of the Project, this land shall be duly returned to the previous land owners. C. Approach adopted towards Safeguard issues 4. The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the 1 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 3 ADB Loan BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 5 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 6 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 7 BIDS Census Survey, September Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April

7 vi project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, bridge end facility (BEF) and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection 9 add to this complexity. Accordingly, as agreed with the Co-financiers, the RAPs and other social safeguard documents has been delivered in a phased manner but packaged under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. In accordance with this phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components of the Project have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures. 5. This RAP II has been prepared for the Main Bridge and Approach Roads components. It is set out to address and mitigate the impacts of (a) 6.15 km long double deck steel truss bridge (4- lane divided highway on the top and single track rail on the bottom deck) with two toll plazas and service areas; (b) 12 km long 4-lane approach road on the Janjira side with service area 10 (near the landing point) for construction management and tourism in the post-construction phase; (c) provision for 7 km of rail line (3 km in Mawa and 4 km in Janjira side) and two railway stations; (d) access roads of 8.86 km and service roads of 14.5 km and (e) a roundabout connecting the bridge to N8. D. Resettlement Impacts for RAP II 6. This RAP has been prepared based on JICA feasibility study 2005 and detailed census survey carried out in July 2009 to February The survey brought forth that a total of 7,614 households would be affected as a result of main bridge and approach road. The impacts of the components covered in RAP II (approach road, service area and toll plaza) shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihood (owners, wage earners). A total of ha of land will be affected in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts as a result of the components included in this RAP. Of the total land affected, the majority of the affected land is on the Janjira side, amounting to 80% of the total land affected, whereas the remaining lies on the Mawa side. Table A presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP II; detailed impacts are discussed in Chapter 3 of the RAP. Table A Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP II Description Units Quantity % Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 41, PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons PAPs losing agricultural land Persons PAPs to be relocated Persons PAPs losing wage income Persons Total Project Affected Households (PAH) Households PAH losing structure (housing, commercial and others) Households PAHs losing agriculture land Households PAHs losing businesses Households PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households Affected vulnerable households Households Total land getting affected 11 Ha Source: JICA, Feasibility study, March 2005 and BIDS census survey 2009/ Although the civil works will be introduced in phases, they will run concurrently to be able to complete the bridge construction and RTW by More than two-thirds of the Service area selected during the FS has now been eroded, requiring new Service Area in Janjira site. A new site for toll plaza replacing the FS study selected area so as to bring the toll gate closer to the bridge landing area. 11 Based on BBA/ADB PPTA Feasibility design 2006 and DDC Land Acquisition Plan for additional areas of the main bridge and approach roads, February 2010.

8 vii 7. However, as per the final scheme design report (FSDR) and particularly due to the erosion of the service area in Janjira site, an additional ha of land has been aquired for the service area. A census survey of the additional land was carried out in Dec/09-Jan/10. The impacts of additional land have been included in this revised and updated version of RAP II. E. Measures to Minimize Impacts 8. All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods as far as possible. Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and concerns and incorporate the same in the Project design, as far as possible. The technical and social teams have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation as well as innovative technical solutions. The realignment of the corridors has led to avoidance of impact on a total of 7 villages on the Janjira side, which were earlier on the proposed right-of-way of the Service Area (#2) of the Project. Further, to keep impacts to a minimum, the design of the provision for the railway line has been realigned on the Mawa side thereby reducing the adverse impacts on structures (homesteads) substantially. The total acquisition for additional service area has been reduced from 95 ha to 66 ha by means of design adaptations. F. Objective of RAP II 9. The RAP II is guided by legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh - the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance II (1982) and subsequent amendments of the Ordinance II (1989, 1993, and 1994), PMBP (LA) Act 2009, ADB Social Safegaurd Statement (SPS), 2009, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010 and World Bank, 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and World Bank Policy on PCR 4.11, The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate the various adverse impacts of the Project components (Approach road, toll plaza & service area). The RAP is based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons in the Project area. The RAP presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, and (iv) R&R budget; (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation. G. Stakeholder Participation and Disclosure of RAP 11. The public consultation process in the project area was initiated in 1999 as part of the first prefeasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study ( ), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in The project-affected persons (PAP), particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households. The summary and overview of the consultations held during the project preparation period and detailed design are detailed in Chapter Project design, impact and policies for mitigation of adverse social and environmental impacts has been discussed and disclosed to the people, particularly the affected persons and host communities. A summary of this RAP has been translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by BBA - the Executing Agency (EA) prior to loan appraisal. An information booklet in local language has already been designed for approval of the government for distribution among the affected persons as the primary tool for disclosure.

9 viii H. Relocation and Livelihood Restoration 13. Taking into account the severity of impact, the RAP has provided for adequate provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies whereby PAPs can either continue their previous occupation, initiate new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to improve or atleast restore the economic status of the PAPs enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the cofinanciers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement. In order to achieve that the project will adopt a two-fold approach with regard to livelihood restoration comprising of short term intervention for income restoration and long term (10 years intervention) for sustainable livelihood restoration. A dedicated Social Development Fund (SDF) has been designed for undertaking the long term program 14. In order to come up with appropriate relocation options with minimum disruption of the way of life of those displaced, the potential resettlers and host populations were consulted to understand their choices or options for relocation as well as during selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. These interactions and surveys brought forth that more than 50% of the displaced households preferred self-managed relocation with assistance from the project. About 26% opted for relocation in Projectsponsored resettlement sites whereas only a small proportion of the displaced households (i.e. 7% households) preferred small-group resettlement (another variant of slef-managed option). In keeping with the same, the RAP II provides all three options to displaced households for resettlement - namely a) self-managed resettlement; b) small-group resettlement; and c) relocation to project-sponsored resettlement sites. In keeping with the same, adequate support provisions have been integrated into the project entitlements matrix for the displaced households. I. Institutional Arrangement & Grievance Redressal 15. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) 12 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the PMBP. A Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of RAP II - compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health, and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director - Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira, headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director Resettlement). An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director M&E. A Safeguard Department has been proposed within BBA with separate Environmental and Resettlement Units as a move for strengthening and capacity building for project management 13.In addition, NGOs will have a key role to play in the RAP implementation. An experienced NGO for implementation of the RAP has already been mobilized by BBA under RAP I for 5 years to complete land acqusition and resettlement aspects of the project. 16. RAP II implementation will be undertaken in a participatory manner with representation of all key stakeholders namely - the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level has been formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. Similarly, Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory 12 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to maintain consistency, the government has changed it s name to Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA). 13 An advertisement has been floated for recruitment of staff consultants with BBA and three (3) Senior Resettlement Specialists so recruited will be assisting the RU under a Safeguard Manager (chief of consultants with the Safeguard Department).

10 ix Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA in timely relocation of PAPs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in this RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of affected properties concretely, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed. 17. At the BBA level, some capacity building initiatives such as - analysis of existing capacity, staff development and training needs have already been undertaken by the Social/Resettlement Advisor 14 to BBA. DD Consultant will conduct short-term and targeted resettlement management trainings and workshops, involving related agencies and field staff dedicated to RAP implementation, to build their capacities on social safeguard issues. In addition, a set of operational guidelines and a handbook will be prepared to guide the field staff for consistent applications of the policies and practices. J. Budget 18. The total estimated cost of implementation of the RAP-II is BDT 6, million (US$ million). This includes BDT 5, million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT million for rehabilitation of affected households and BDT million for implementation, monitoring and evaluation. K. Monitoring and Evaluation 19. BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for collecting, collating and analyzing information on RAP implementation in a systematic and continuous manner and identify the limitation of the process. Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA as well as to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation. 20. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation namely a) RAP preparatory stage, b) relocation stage and c) rehabilitation stage. The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director - M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring both the process and output indicators. A progress and performance monitoring software will be developed to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP II implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA. 21. External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field and recommending adjustment in delivery mechanisms and procedures, as necessary. External monitoring will be independent of the BBA RU and will be carried out by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA). The external monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Further, mid-term and final evaluations will also be undertaken to assess the achievement of the RAP objectives against the performance impact indictors. In addition, Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers, comprising of international and national technical experts, will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP II implementation. POE monitoring will focus on achievement of the targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe. 22. The Head of RU will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review reports directly to the co-financiers detailing whether resettlement goals have been achieved and more importantly whether the livelihoods and living standards of the PAPs have been restored and or/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvements, if needed. 14 The advisor has been hired under the World Bank Project Preparation Facility.

11 x ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ADC Additional Deputy Commissioner PAP Project Affected Persons AR Approach Road BBA Bangladesh Bridge Authority BCL Bangladesh Consultants Limited BEF Bridge end facilities BIDS Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies CCL Cash Compensation under Law CEGI Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services COD Cut-off-date CMP Current market price CONGO Coordinating non government organization CPP Common Property Resources CRIMP Community Environmental Management Plan CSC Consultant Supervision Consultant DC Deputy Commissioner DD Deputy Director RU DDT Detailed Design Team DOF Department of Forest EA Executing Agency EMA External Monitoring Agency EP Eligible Persons FGD Focus Group Discussions FS Feasibility Study FSDR Final scheme design report GOB Government of Bangladesh GRC Grievances Redress Committee HARD Human Resources Development ID Identity Card IDB Islamic Development Bank INGO Implementing NGO IOL Inventory of Losses ILRP Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan ILRG Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant IVC Inventory Verification Committee JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JAMB Jamuna Multipurpose bridge project LA Land Acquisition

12 xi LAP Land Acquisition Plan LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement MARV Maximum Allowable Replacement Value M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIS Management Information System MOC Ministry of communication NGOs Non-Government Organizations PAP Project Affected Persons PCR Physical Cultural Resources PHAP Public Health Action Plan PMO Project Management Office POE Panel of Experts PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRA Participatory Rapid Appraisal PVAC Property Valuation Advisory Committee PWD Public Works Department RAP Resettlement Action Plan RS Resettlement Site RTW River Training Work ROW Right-of-Way RAC Resettlement Advisory Committee RU Resettlement Unit RV Replacement Value SA Service Area SC Supervision Consultant SAP Social Action Plan SDF Social development Fund SLAO Special Land Acquisition Officer TGB Target group beneficiaries TP Toll Plaza TOR Terms of Reference UP Union Parishad WB World Bank

13 xii GLOSSARY The various terms used in this RAP 1 are briefly defined below for clarity and consistency: Affected Persons or Project Affected Person (AP/PAP): Persons affected directly or indirectly by project-induced changes in use of land, water, or other natural resources are called APs. In other words, a person who as a consequence of the changes sustains (a) damages by reason of severing land, or (b) loss of immovable property in any manner, or (c) experience loss of income and livelihood. Such impacts may be temporary or permanent in nature and most often occurs through land expropriation using eminent domain or direct purchases for development projects Indirectly affected people are those likely to lose subsistence or income due to project intervention without loss of any physical assets. A clear definition of indirectly affected people must be based on a careful review and assessment of indirect impacts of the project as well as economic displacement due to loss of land, access to land as well as forest resources, commercial establishments and any other impacts such as severance that adversely affects lives and livelihood sources. Displaced Persons: A person who is compelled to change or relocate his/her place of residence and/or work or place of business, due to project construction. Eminent Domain: Regulatory authority of the government to obtain land for public purpose use and/or private sector development projects under the 1982 Ordinance or other laws of the land. Entitlements: Range of measures comprising of compensation resettlement benefits, including shifting allowance, subsistence, and relocation which an PAP is entitled to, depending on the nature of losses, to restore and/or improve the living standards. Gender Equity: Equal recognition of both genders in the provision of entitlements, treatment and other measures under the Resettlement Plan. Agricultural labourer: A person who earns his/her livelihood mainly from manual labour engaged in agriculture practices. The non- agricultural labourer includes artisans and other occupational groups such as masons, potters, cobblers, barbers, etc Compensation: Payment in cash or kind (for example land-for-land) to the APs as per LA Act. Census Survey: A survey covering 100% households being affected by the project, irrespective of their ownership into the land. Cut-off Dates: Date of notification under Section 3 of 1982 Ordinance is the cut off date for title owners. The Census will be considered cutoff date for all others, including non-title holders for resettlement benefits. Head of Household: One who makes major decisions within the family structure and generally lead the family as the principal provider. Household: A household unit includes family members who share food from the same kitchen. In the project area, it consists of parents with children living together as an economic and production unit. Host population: Community residing in or near the area to which affected people are to be relocated. Host communities should also be project beneficiaries for better host-resettlers integration. Community Participation and Consultation: The active process of sharing information seeking inputs from community about the project, seeking community-wide inputs, and integrating those in the project design as well planning mitigation measures.

14 xiii Displacement: Refers to physical displacement in terms of physical dislocation Inventory of losses Verification Committee (IVC): In an erosion-prone area and due to piecemeal acquisition, Inventory of Losses (IOL) prepared for a section of project may change as people move with the erosion and acquisition. A committee headed by Executive Engineer (Resettlement), with Representative of respective DC and Resettlement Specialist of the Management Consultants as members to verify the IOL established through census wherever necessary. Person(s) having usufruct rights: The right to use land belonging to others for example, lease from government department or agency or individuals. Poor Women headed household: Poor households where a woman decides on the access to and the use of the resources of the family. In resettlement context, women-headed households and/or widows also suffer from lack of labour for relocation purposes. Public Disclosure: Process of disclosing and sharing project impacts with affected people and disseminating amongst them information on their entitlements, compensation, R&R measures and project timeline etc. Project-Affected Area: An area under the project, declared by the Government, where land is being acquired under Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance II of 1982 or any other Act in force or an area not acquired,but affected by the project and its related activities. Relocation: Rebuilding housing, assets including productive land, and public infrastructure, in a new location to build their capacity to deal with resettlement. Uthuli (also called Nodibashi): People displaced by flood/erosion, who live on land provided by neighbour or relative free of cost. Vulnerable Person: The vulnerable group/persons may include (i) persons below nationally defined poverty line; (ii) indigenous people or adibasis; (iii) poor women-headed households; (iv) landless and marginal farmers; (v) people with disability (vi) elderly and (vii) any other groups or persons found to be disproportionately affected by project impacts. Relocation: Rebuilding housing, assets including productive land, and public infrastructure, in a new location. Rehabilitation: Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): A time- bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement impact strategy, objectives, entitlement, actions, implementation responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation. Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R): Resettlement refers to rebuilding housing, assets, including productive land and public infrastructure in another location while rehabilitation means restoration of income, livelihoods, and re-establishment of socio- cultural system. Replacement Value: The costs of replacing lost assets (e.g., land, houses/structures, trees and crops) and income, including cost of transaction. Right-of-Way: Demarcated land proposed for infrastructure development. Social Preparation: The process of consultation with affected people, undertaken before key resettlement decisions are made, infrastructure, a structure, in a new location. Rehabilitation: Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living and social systems.

15 xiv Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): A time- bound action plan with budget setting out resettlement impact strategy, objectives, entitlement, actions, implementation responsibilities, monitoring and evaluation. Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R): Resettlement refers to rebuilding housing, assets, including productive land and public infrastructure in another location while rehabilitation means restoration of income, livelihoods, and re-establishment of socio- cultural system. Replacement Value: The costs of replacing lost assets (e.g., land, houses/structures, trees and crops) and income, including cost of transaction. Right-of-Way: Demarcated land proposed for infrastructure development.

16 1 CHAPTER 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AND INTRODUCTION TO RAP II 1.1 Project Background 1. The rivers of Bangladesh mark both the physiography of the nation and the life of the people. The three major rivers the Padma, the Brahmaputra /Jamuna and the Meghna divide the country into four principal regions namely the northwestern region, north central region, eastern and southwestern. The mighty Padma River separates the southwestern region from the central region Dhaka, the capital city, and requires time consuming ferry crossings to major destinations such as Barisal, Khulna, Jessore, Faridpur, Mongla sea port and the Benapole land port. In order to provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) intends construction of a bridge on the mighty River Padma on Mawa Janjira points and has undertaken the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (the Project). This project is cofinanced by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) for this Project. 2. Once the bridge is built, travel among all major cities and ports on both sides of the River Padma will be faster and easier, in turn benefitting not only the relatively undeveloped southwestern region, but also the country as a whole. The bridge lies on the Dhaka-Kolkata (India) route and will also form an integral part of the Asian Highway and Euro-Asian railway network systems. The whole country is going to enjoy uninterrupted transport network and mainstream with the international corridor augmenting international trade and balanced regional development with addition of this longest bridge of this country. 3. The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four-lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study 15 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS) 16 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design 17 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high priority project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September Project Boundary and Components 4. At the feasibility level design, the bridge components consisted of: (i) a 5.48 km long 4-lane bridge with 2 toll plazas and service areas; (ii) 12 km 4-lane approach road in Janjira side with service area (near the landing site) for construction management and tourism in post- construction phase; (iii) 17 km of riverbank protection/training work (6 km in Mawa and 11 km in Janjira side); and 5 resettlement sites (RS) 3 in Mawa and 2 in Janjira sides. A project boundary was hence established following the feasibility study for land acquisition (see Table 1.1). 5. However, since the feasibility study was undertaken, a number of changes took place in the Project area and scope. Firstly, the Janjira side bank line, near the landing site, experienced about 500m erosion, which had an impact on the length of the bridge, viaduct structures, and location of the approach embankments, bridge end facilities and construction yards. Secondly, land acquisition for the railway alignments and stations on both sides was not previously considered. Thirdly, the transition structures separating the rail and the highway on Mawa and Janjira sides extend outside the original project boundary. Finally, a new roundabout was proposed at the tie in point of the approach 15 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 17 ADB Loan BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), 2009.

17 2 road connecting N8 near Panchar Bazaar. All these necessitated the review and extension of the project boundary. 6. In view of the above, changes in the scope and design of the Project, particularly the Main Bridge (including transition structures) and Bridge End facilities (BEF) have been introduced. Presently, the Project consists of the following components: A 6.15 km long two-level steel truss bridge (4-lane divided highway on the top and single track rail on the bottom deck) Bridge end facilities (BEF) that include toll plazas and service areas for construction management and tourism in post-construction period, particularly on the Janjira side; Transition structures that include road and rail viaducts from the bridge to the approach roads. The road viaduct in Mawa is 1 km while the Janjira road viaduct is 0.87 km. The length of the rail viaduct is 3 km in Mawa and 4 km in Janjira with new railway stations at both ends. The Approach Road consists of a km of 4-lane divided highway and includes 6 small bridges over local waterways, 7 road underpasses and 14 drainage culverts; Access roads of 8.86 km and service roads of 14.5 km A round about connecting the bridge to N8. The project boundary also includes 4 resettlement sites (2 in Mawa and 2 in Janjira side) for relocation of affected households and business enterprises. 7. Figure 1 (on the next page) presents the project boundary and highlights various project components. Figure 1: The Project Map

18 3 8. The detailed design of the river training works (RTW) is subject to further adjustments during project implementation; 18 therfeore, any changes in the RTW (as established during the detailed design period) may change the project boundary further, entailing anticipated up and down-stream impacts of the bridge. 1.3 Project Benefits & Impacts 9. The country as a whole will enjoy uninterrupted transport network between all the major cities and ports, on both sides of the River Padma, as a result of the Project, directly benefitting more than 30 million people of Barishal and Khulna division, Greater Faridpur and Munshiganj districts. However, despite the far-reaching social and economic benefits of the Project, the life and livelihood of the residents of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts (in and adjacent to the proposed sites of various Project components) will face both negative and positive impacts The project impacts have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA 20, BBA, 21 and ADB. 22 According to the most recent studies and estimates, 23 a total of 13,501 households will be affected by the Project. This includes 8,526 affected households (AH) incurring impact on agricultural land and 4,975 AHs losing structures (housing and commercial). It is estimated that a total of 2,882 households/persons will be losing wage employment temporarily. In addition, about 1,000 perosns will be experiencing indirect or secondary impacts such as -loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, and porters 24 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. In all, it is anticipated that about 74,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. 1.4 Scope of Land Acquisition & Requisition in the Project 11. The Project covers three districts Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The land acquisition plan (LAP) was prepared by Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) in 2006 based on the feasibility study. The same LAP was used to initiate the process of land acquisition from 2008 onwards. While all the LA procedures have been completed in keeping with the legal requirements, compensation has not been disbursed so far based on the request made by the co financiers. However, the Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) has already deposited the funds for payment of compensation to the Deputy Commissioners (DCs) of Munshiganj, Madaripur and Shariatpur districts. The total land required, as per the feasibility design and recent developments in detail design (as of March 2010), for the various project components is ha. Table 1.1 below details the component-wise breakup of the land requirement. Table 1.1: Scope of Land Acquisition & Requisition in the Project Components Approach Road acquisition Service Area acquisition RTW acquisition Land Acquisition and Requisition (in ha) by District Total % Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur RTW Alternative 1 has been adopted, which is basically a confirmation of the FS design; however, further adjustemnt (due to erosion) is expected during the construction. 19 Due to river protection work, the problem of erosion will permanently stop on both sides of the river. 20 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 21 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 22 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007). 23 BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 and Feb Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April

19 4 Toll Plaza acquisition 3 Resettlement sites acquisition 7 Construction Yard 8 Subtotal acquisition 100 Construction Yard requisition 25 TOTAL Affected Land Source: JICA Feasibility Study, 2005 revised in Detail Design Consultant s LA estimates as of March As enumerated in the Table 1.1 above, it is estimated that of the total ha of acquired land, ha would be acquired as a result of the River Training Work amounting to 49% of the total acquired land. The Bridge components such as construction of approach road, service area and toll plaza would entail acquisition of ha land amounting to 36% of the total affected land. A total of ha of land has also been acquired for the 5-resettlement sites for relocation of Project affected households of which one RS has been abandoned due to reduction in RTW work in the Mawa site. 13. Apart from land acquisition, a total of ha land (12% of the total affected land) would be requisitioned for a 5-year period for Construction yards. After five years, once the Project construction is complete, this land shall be returned to the land owners (from whom the land was requisitioned). It is also worthwhile to note that this land will be upgraded for commercial and residential use as per request of the landowners. 14. Additional land included in the Table 1.1 is based on LA estimates by detail design consultants as of March More than two-thirds of the Service area selected during the FS has now been eroded requiring new Service Area in Janjira site. Inclusion of railway approach, railway stations and improvement of approach roads demanded additional land. As a result, in addition to the above land, an additional ha of land will be acquired in the three districts. An additional Land Acquisition Proposal (LAP) has been prepared for the new acquisition. Table 1.2: Additional Land Acquisition for Railway and Approach Roads Components of Main bridge Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Road and rail viaduct Railway approach Approach road Service Area Toll Plaza Total Less govt. road and river Net acquisition Source: DDC, Additional Land Acquisition Plan, 04 February Land for construction yard in the Mawa site has been chosen in an alternative location which is an adjacent charland. This land is proposed to be procured through acquisition for future potential use of the BBA for maintenance good movement and storage, display and archiving of the bridge construciton. The construction yard in the Janijira site has also been shifted and proposed for requisition of about 78 ha land.

20 5 15. In addition to the above, about 81 ha of land will be acquird for the construction yard in the Mawa site, ha of land will be additionally acquired for the RTW work in the Janjira site and 0.35 ha of land will be acquired for spill channel from the Service Area in Janjira site. 1.5 Measures to Minimize Impact 16. All necessary efforts have been made in order to minimize the Project impacts on assets and avoid disruption of livelihoods, as far as possible. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. The key efforts undertaken to minimize impacts comprise of the following: Extensive consultations have been conducted with the affected communities and people in the Project areas to take in their views and incorporate the same in the Project design, as far as possible; Technical and Social team have worked together to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions. The realignment of the corridors has led to avoidance of impact on a total of 7 villages on the Janjira side, which were earlier getting displaced as a result of the Project. Further, in order to minimize impacts, the design provision for the rail has been realigned on the Mawa side, significantly reducing adverse impacts on structures (homesteads) substantially. The total acquisition for additional service area has also been reduced from 95 ha to 66 ha by means of design adaptation. 1.6 Approach adopted towards safeguard issues 17. The Padma Bridge is a large, complex and challenging Project. Thus, the social and resettlement safeguard issues necessitate attention to physical and economic displacement, consultation & participation, gender, livelihoods, public health and up/downstream impacts on the char land settlements, including management and monitoring of any other unanticipated impacts of the project. The accelerated program and a phased construction for - (i) the Main Bridge, BEF and Approach Road, and (ii) RTW for bank protection 26 add to this complexity. Accordingly, BBA has agreed with the Co-financiers that the RAPs and other social safeguard documents will be delivered in a phased manner but packaged under the umbrella of the Social Action Plan (SAP) for the Project, covering all safeguard aspects, including institutional and implementation arrangements. The SAP is guided by the national laws and policies and Co-financiers social safeguard policies. Table 1.2 presents the main contents of the SAP. Table 1.2 Social Action Plan: Key Documents Vol. 1 Executive Summary (Technical summary of all SAP documents) Vol. 2 Social Impact Assessments Vol. 3 RAP I (Resettlement Site Development) Vol. 4 RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Roads)* Vol. 5 RAP III (River Training Works)* Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework Vol. 7 Public Consultation and Participation Plan Vol. 8 Gender Action Plan Vol. 9 Public Health Action Plan Vol. 10 Charland Impact Monitoring and Management Framework Vol. 11 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 26 Although the civil works will be introduced in phases, they will run concurrently to be able to complete the bridge construction and RTW by 2013.

21 6 *Includes (i) Physical Cultural Resource Plan and (ii) Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP) 18. In keeping with the phased-approach, the deliverables under Phase I include: RAP II (Main Bridge and Approach Road), Public Consultation and Participation Plan, Gender Action Plan Physical Cultural Resources Plan (to be included in RAP II). 19. Phase II deliverables comprise of: RAP III (based on ADB PPTA 2006 (to be updated during RTW implementation), Resettlement Framework, Public Health Action Plan, Charland Impact Monitoring and Management Framework 20. Updated versions as of January 2010 of these safeguard documents and others under SAP were submitted to the Co-financiers at the end of January 2010 for initial round of comments. This revised and updated version has been prepared taking into consideration of the comments by the Cofinanciers and the Safeguard Joint Mission of March Scope of RAP II 21. In accordance with the phased approach adopted for this Project, the key components of the Project have been sub-divided for preparation of resettlement mitigation measures. RAP II has been prepared to address and mitigate the impacts of the following components: A 6.15 km long double deck steel truss bridge (4-lane divided highway on the top and single track rail on the bottom deck) with two toll plazas and service areas; 12 km long 4-lane approach road on the Janjira side with service area 27 (near the landing point) for construction management and tourism in the post-construction phase; 7 km of rail line (3 km in Mawa and 4 km in Janjira side) and two railway stations; Access roads of 8.86 km and service roads of 14.5 km A around about connecting the bridge to N The above components will necessitate acquisition of a total of ha of land in the three Project districts as detailed in Table 1.3 below, with maximum land to be acquired for Approach road and service areas. Table 1.3: Scope of Land Acquisition in RAP II Components of Main bridge Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Road and rail viaduct Railway approach Approach road Service Area Toll Plaza More than two-thirds of the Service area selected during the FS has now been eroded, requiring new Service Area in Janjira site. A new site toll plaza replacing the FS study selected area to bring the tollgate closer to the bridge landing area.

22 7 Total Source: BBA LA Plan 2006 and DDC, Additional LA Plan, 4 Feb Resettlement Impacts 23. This RAP has been prepared based on JICA feasibility study 2005 and detailed census survey carried out in July-August 2009 in original areas and in February 2010 in additional areas. The survey brought forth that a total of 7614 households would be affected as a result of main bridge and approach road construction. The impacts of the components covered in RAP II (approach road, service area and toll plaza) shall largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and PCR) income and livelihoods (owners, wage earners). A total of ha of land will be affected in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts as a result of the components included in this RAP. Of the total land affected, the majority of the affected land is on the Janjira side, amounting to 80% of the total land affected, whereas the remaining lies on the Mawa side. Table 1.4 presents a summary of the Project impacts included in RAP II; the detailed impacts are discussed in Chapter 3 of the RAP. Table 1.4: Summary Profile of Affected Population in RAP II Description Units Quantity % Total Project Affected Persons (PAPs) Persons 41, PAPs losing structure (housing & commercial) Persons 7, PAPs losing agricultural land Persons 33, PAPs to be relocated Persons 6, PAPs losing wage income Persons 1, Total Project Affected Households (PAHs) Households PAHs losing structure (housing, commercial and others) Households PAHs losing agriculture land Households PAHs losing businesses/commercial structure Households PAHs requiring relocation and/or resettlement Households Vulnerable PAHs Households Total land getting affected 28 Ha Source: JICA, Feasibility study, March 2005 and BIDS census survey 2009/ However, as per the final scheme design report (FSDR) and particularly due to the erosion of the service area in Janjira site, an additional ha of land has been proposed for acquisition to accommodate the new service area, railway and improvement of approach roads.. BIDS has conducted census survey and updated the impact inventory and socioeconomic information of the affected persons (losing physical assets) for the entire main bride and approach road areas. This RAP has been updated based on the updated impact inventory and census of affectd population. 1.9 Objective of RAP II 25. The RAP is guided by legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh - the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance II (1982) and subsequent amendments of the Ordinance II (1989, 1993, and 1994), PMBP (LA) ACT 2009, ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009, JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, 2010 and World Bank, 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, 2003 and Policy on Physical Cultural Resources (PCR), The primary objective of this RAP is to identify impacts and to plan measures to mitigate various losses of the Project components (Approach road, toll plaza & service area). The RAP is 28 Based on BBA/ADB PPTA Feasibility design 2006 and DDC Land Acquisition Plan for additional areas of the main bridge and approach roads, February 2010.

23 8 based on the general findings of the census survey, field visits, meetings and consultations with various project-affected persons (PAPs) in the Project area. The RAP presents (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including land and structures; (ii) principles and legal framework applicable for mitigation of these losses; (iii) the entitlement matrix, and (iv) R&R budget; (v) institutional framework for the implementation of the plan, including monitoring and evaluation.

24 9 CHAPTER 2 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION 27. This chapter presents an overview of the Project area highlighting the key socio-economic development indicators such as demographic trends, state of the economy, poverty, literacy and trends in urbanization in the project area and districts. 2.1 Project Area 28. Bangladesh, the largest delta in the world, is largely made up of alluvial soil deposited by the three major river systems the Ganges (locally called Padma), the Brahmaputra/Jamuna and the Meghna rivers. The land in the delta has generally a gentle slope, resulting in rapid silt deposition in the river beds. 29. The Project area covers a total of 31 mouzas in four upazilas (sub-districts) namely Lohajang and Srinagar (in Munshiganj District), Janjira (in Shariatpur) and Shibchar (in Madaripur). The floodplain is generally flat particularly on the Janjira side at 2-8 meters above the sea level. Thus, people living in the floodplain area usually do not construct permanent houses and are ready to move to safer places in the event of major flood or erosion. The affected villages in the Janjira side are relatively new settlements developed on the chars formed years ago. The soil is mixed type but fertile as it is inundated every year (3-6 meters deep) during monsoons. Many of the islands up and downstream from the proposed bridge site can be used for cultivation during the winter season only. There are several large settled chars on the upstream from project site. 30. The affected areas in Mawa side are semi-urban in nature with high density of population (4,900 per sq.km) with more or less compact settlements, mostly commercial along the existing highway. The village settlements are linear and compact along the riverbank and include households displaced by erosions, who live on lands provided by relatives either on rental arrangements or freeusers locally known as nodibashi (or uthuli). In contrast, the affected areas in Janjira site are largely used for agricultural purposes, followed by village settlements and commercial establishments (e.g., semi-permanent rural market, ferry stations) with comparatively low population density (1,319 per sqkm) 29. The farmers in this area typically have two crops, including winter crops and vegetables such as onion, squash, spices etc. The village settlements locally called kandi are mostly linear along the riverbank and are typically named after the pioneer settler or influential matabbar (village leader) signifying kinship and/or patronage character of village settlements in the floodplain. 2.2 General Profile of the Three Districts 31. Demographic Aspects: The three Project districts of Munshiganj, Madaripur and Shariatpur have a collective population of 3.4 million. These districts are pre-dominantly rural with an average urban population of 11% (Census 2001). As per the 2001 Census, the average household size in the project districts is 5.05 members per family. In addition, the proportion of single member households was noted to be 0.55% in the project districts. 32. According to BIDS Census in Jul-Aug 2009 and Feb 2010, 10% of the households in the project area have 1-2 members only, which is about 12% nationally. About 36% of the sample households covered under the census was very close to the national average of household size while another 43% are below and 21% are above it (Table 2.1). 29 JICA, Social/Resettlement Issues, Final Report, March 2005

25 10 Table 2.1 Distribution of Sample Households (%) by Household Size Number of East End-Mawa West End-Janjira Grand household members Munshiganj District Sub Total Shariatpur District Madaripur District Sub Total Total (%) Lauhajang Upazila Sreenagar Upazila Janjira Upazila Shibchar Upazila Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Land Use Pattern: The total land area of the three districts Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur constitutes 312,348 ha (771,501 acres) with a cultivable land area of 204,695 ha (505,598 acres) (Table 3.2). About 66% of the total land area in the Project affected districts is cultivable which is highest in Madaripur (76%) and the proportion is almost similar in Munshiganj and Shariatpur districts (about 60%). Only 19% of the total land is irrigated which is 23% in Madaripur, 17% in Munshiganj and 16% in Shariatpur districts. River area is highest in Munshiganj (11%) and it is almost same in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts: 7 and 8%s respectively (Table 2.2). Land use Table 2.2 Land Use in Project Districts Area in Acre Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total (acre) Area % Area % Area % Area % Total Land Area 235, , , Cultivable Area 138, , , Fallow Land 5, , ,023 2 Area Irrigated 40, , , Area in Rivers 26, , ,820 9 Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, Ownership of Agricultural Land: About 60% of the residents in the three districts own agricultural land however the proportion of land ownership was found to be higher in rural areas with 63% of the households owning land vis-à-vis 41% land ownership in urban areas. The highest land ownership is noted in Madaripur district with 72% of the total households owning land thereby pointing towards a high level of dependence on agricultural land whereas in case of Munshiganj land ownership stands 48% as shown in Table 2.3. Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts Project district Total households Households own agri-land In Number In %age Munshiganj 246, , Urban 31,980 9, Rural 214, , Madaripur 225, , Urban 27,740 13, Rural 198, , Shariatpur 210, , Urban 19,400 10, Rural 191, , Total 682, , Urban 79,120 32,

26 11 Table 2.3 Ownership Pattern of Agricultural Land in Project Districts Households own agri-land Rural 603, , Source: BBS, Population Census 2001, National Report, July 2003 Access to Socio-economic Facilities 35. Health: According to the 1998 national databank, there was 1 doctor per 12,000 people and 1 bed for per 5,000 people in terms of health facilities in Munshiganj district. The proportion of doctors in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts was 1:30,000 and 1:20,000 respectively. That of hospital beds (hospitals, clinics, FWCs, maternity centers, primary healthcare together) the proportion was 1:5,000 for both Madaripur and Shariatpur districts (Table 2.4) Table 2.4 Medical Facilities in Project districts S. Health facilities Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur No. Nos. of No. of Nos. of No. of Nos. of No. of Doctors Beds Doctors Beds Doctors Beds 1 Hospitals Clinics FWCs Maternity Centre Primary healthcare Population ratio (thousand) Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, Health services in the Project affected areas as evident from the study villages are poor. Most people go to quacks and medicine shops for minor medical treatment. Qualified doctors in Mawa side are available at a distance of 4 km and hospital facilities at a distance of 6 km; and those are at 10 km and 40 km respectively in Janjira side. Economically solvent people go to Dhaka for better health care. But the poorer ones are dependent on available practitioners including quacks, kabiraj and pharmacies only. 37. Educational Facilities: Madarsa institutions (Islamic educational institutions) are almost double in number in respect of mainstream educational institutional particularly against the number of primary schools in all the three Project districts. There is high concentration of religious education in Madaripur and Shariatpur districts mostly attracting students from very poor families of the districts (Table 2.5) Table 2.5 Educational Infrastructure in Project districts Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur S. Educational Nos. of Nos. of Nos. of No. Institutions Nos. Nos. Nos. Teachers Teachers Teachers 1 Kindergarten Primary School Junior High School Secondary High School 5 College Teacher's Training Mass Education Centre 8 Islamic Madarsa Girl's School/College Source: National Data Bank, Bangladesh, 1998

27 Socioeconomic Profile of Affected Population 38. Several studies have been conducted at different levels of project preparation and planning to establish the socio-economic profiles of the affected and impact area population. The impacts of the project as a whole have been documented at various stages of project preparation by JICA 30, BBA 31, and ADB 32 under project preparation technical assistance. The following section presents the key findings with regard to the socio-economic profile of the affected population as derived from updated census survey by BIDS conducted from July to September 2009: Demographic Information 39. The census survey interviewed 1552 respondents from the affected households. The composition of the total affected population comprised of 52% males and 48% females. The surveys brought forth that the proportion of male population is the highest in Shariatpur (53:20%) followed by Madaripur (51.26%) and Munshiganj (51:24%). About 10% of the affected population comprises of infants (up to 4 years old) and another 24% are children below 15 years age. Amongst the economically active population, 28% of the total affected population is in the age group of 15 to 29 years whereas 30% of them are between years. Only 8% of the population is noted to be in the age group of 60 years and above considered as senior citizen or elderly. 40. Age distribution of female population is almost similar to that of males. Gender proportion in various age groups shows a heterogeneous composition. The proportion of male infants is a little higher than the female infants. Again proportion of female children is higher than the male children. However, in the age group years, proportion of males is little higher than the females. In the working age of 30 to 59 years, female proportion is again higher. At the senior ages (60 years and over) women is again less than the men (Table 2.6). Table 2.6 Affected Populations by Age and Sex by District (%) Age Group Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total (Yrs) Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Overall Total % Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Across the components, there is significant variation in the age distribution of the affected population (Table 3.7). Proportion of infants (0-4) in Mawa site was about 10% in the Service Area (SA) and Approach Road (AR) with Toll Plaza (TP) but it was a little more than 18% in the additional area. However, the proportion of infants was almost similar in all components in the Janjira site. The proportion of population in the age group of 5-14 years was 22% in the SA and AR&TP but it was only 9% in the additional area in the Mawa site. In the Janjira site, proportion of 5-14 year old children was the highest in SA (32%) followed by AR&TP (27%) and additional area (26%). Table 2.7 shows that the proportion of working age population is higher in all components at Mawa site (37% in SA, 32% in 30 Environmental and Social/Resettlement Report, Vol. VII (Nippon Koei Co., 2005) 31 Land Acquisition Plan, and Resettlement Action Plan (BBA, 2006). 32 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (ADB PPTA 4652 BAN: Preparing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Jan 2007).

28 13 AR&TP and 33% in additional area) compared to those in Janjira site (27% in SA, 29% in AR&TP and 27% in additional area). Considering this, resettlement and livelihood restoration will be a special concern in the Mawa site. Age Group (Yrs) Service Area Table 2.7 Affected Populations by Age at Components (%) Mawa Site Janjira Site Approach Road & Toll Plaza Additional Area Service Area Approach Road & Toll Plaza Additional Area Total Total Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Demographic dependency ratio (DDR), in the affected area works out at 68.4% which is lower than the national average (73.5%), while economic dependency ratio (EDR) is estimated at 66% compared to the national average of 71% (Table 2.8). The higher the EDR, the more inactive people are dependent on the active population. While both dependency ratios in Munshiganj are lower than their corresponding national average, yet the dependency on active population in all three districts was found to be high. Table 2.8 Demographic and Economic Dependency Ratios in Project Area Name of District DDR EDR Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Level of Education 43. The survey brought forth that the literacy rate among the affected population is 75%. The literacy rate was noted to be higher among the males (79%) than the females (71%). As shown in Table 2.9, the literacy rate amongst the affected population in Mawa site was noted to highest with 82% literacy. 44. In terms of the level of education among the literate population, it was interesting to note that with increase in level of education there was a marked drop in the number of persons. As a result, only 11% of the affected person comprised of those who have attained higher education with 12% males and 9% females.

29 14 Table 2.9 Level of Education of Affected Population (7 years and above) Level of Mawa Site Janjira Site Total Education Male Female Sex Male Female Both Male Female Both Primary Secondary SSC/HSC Graduate Post Graduate Informal literacy Illiterate Total Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Occupational Profile 45. Agriculture is the basic occupation of the people in the project affected areas of the main bridge components while business is the major preferred option as the livelihood means of the affectd population. Spatially, people in Mawa site are more inclined to business and service while those in the Janjira site are inclined to agriculture business and transportation. Mawa site is a semi-urban area while Janjira site is totally rural. In addition, Mawa site is within a proximity to commercial activities and has easier access to Dhaka. A small proportion of the affected population is also noted to be involved in industries, construction and some other gainful activities (See Table 2.10). 46. The survey also brought forth that a significant proportion of women in the affected households are engaged in economic activities with service industry, business, construction and industry. However, agriculture comprised of the major sector of their engagement. Women are over represented in agriculture as most of them are engaged in household chores major in agriculture and crop processing. Table 2.10: Primary Occupation of Affected Population (15 years and above) Primary Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Occupation M F Both M F Both M F Both M F Both Agriculture Industry Construction Transportation Trade/ Business Service Others Total (N) , , ,421 Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Across the components, proportion of employed population in agriculture is the highest in SA in Mawa site (79%) followed by SA in the Janjira site (74%). Again, AR&TP on Mawa site has the lowest proportion of employed population in agriculture (45%) and the highest proportion of employed population in business (24%). There is nobody employed in industry, construction, transportation or business in the SA at Mawa site. Business in Mawa site and Service in Janjira site employed the second largest populations among the affected persons (Table 2.11).

30 15 Table 2.11 Primary Occupation of APs by Component 33 Mawa Site Janjira Site Approach Primary Service Additional Service Approach Road Additional Total Road & Toll Occupation Area Area Area & Toll Plaza Area Plaza N % N % N % N % N % N % N % Agriculture Industry Construction Transportation Trading Service Others Total Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Table 2.12 presents the position of secondary occupation of the affected population. A total of 41% of the employed population reported a secondary occupation with 33% of them being employed in agriculture as a second means of livelihood. The situation was noted to be similar across all three components except SA in Mawa site. No one reported any secondary occupation other than agriculture in the SA in Mawa site. Also no one is involved in construction work at Mawa site. It is likely that about 8% of the employed population may opt to switch into non-agriculture secondary occupations as their main occupation after relocation. Table 2.12 Secondary Occupation of APs by Component Mawa Site Janjira Site Approach Approach Service Road & Toll Additional Road & Toll Additional Secondary Area Plaza Area Service Area Plaza Area Total Occupation N % N % N % N % N % N % N % Agriculture Industry Construction Transportation Trading Service Others Total Proportion (%) of APs reporting secondary occupation Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Level of Income of Affected Population 49. Average per capita income based on stated income of the affected households was found to be BDT 41,479 which is well above the national per capital income recorded for the year in these areas (BDT 24,407). The highest per capita income, as reported, comes from industry of affected areas of Madaripur district (BDT 185,017 for male and 117,667 for female headed households), which is more than four times the area average and 7 times above the national average. The income is less than national average for male headed households contributed from transportion and for only female-headed households contributed from agriculture, construction, and service in Janjira site. Similar picture is found for female headed households in Mawa site for sources of income 33 Occupation for persons above the age of 15 years has been considered and unemployed, invalid, student, apprentice and babies are excluded.

31 16 like construction, business, and service. Contribution of occupations in per capita income accounts the highest from industry and the lowest from agriculture. Transportation covers the rickshaw pullers and boatmen wherein mainly poor households are engaged. Business ranks the second followed by service, construction and transportation (See Table 2.13). Table 2.13 Average Per Capita Income (BDT) of Affected Households by Occupation by District Sources of Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Income Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Both sex Rank Agriculture ,909 7 Industry ,178 1 Construction ,618 5 Transportation ,331 6 Trading ,015 2 Service ,481 4 Others ,277 3 Total ,479 Av Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb The highest average per capita income was recorded in Munshiganj district (BDT 49,116) followed by Shariatpur and Madaripur affected areas. As can be seen from Table 2.14, the highest proportion of incomer earners are between BDT 10,000 to BDT 50,000 (68%) which is 73% in Madaripur, 68% in Shariatpur and 65% in Munshiganj districts. Proportion of the lowest income earners is the highest in Shariatpur (10%) and the number of the highest income earners (BDT 75,000+) is the highest in Munshiganj district (16%). Table 2.14 Level of Per Capita Income of Affected Households by District No. of Households by District Level of Income Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total 34 (BDT) No. % No. % No. % No. % Up to 10, ,000-20, ,000-30, ,000-50, ,000-75, , Total , Source: BIDS, Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Poverty Status 51. According to the household income and expenditure survey of 2005, proportion of poor population amongst the affected population was noted to be 32% in the year 2005 based on consumption expenditure (CBN method). When compared to the official poverty level in the areas, the poverty level among the affected population is noted to be relatively low. Commercial activities concentrated to the river terminal, fishing and transportation business, diversified agriculture and remittance flow (from migrated family members) seems to be some factors contributing towards low level of poverty in the area. It is also because income of the poor people has gone up considerably for different reasons after the poverty index has been established. 52. On an average, more than 90.5% of the households are non-poor. As evident from Table 2.15 below, female headed households are noted to be more prone to poverty as most proportion of the poor female headed households are hard core poor mostly in Shariatpur and Munshiganj. 34 Income data was available for 1539 households. The question for household income excludes 27 community structures and 10 bus counter. In additiona, income data for 3 absentee households could not be collected (BIDS, Feb 2010).

32 17 Table 2.15 Level of Poverty among Affected Households Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Poverty Level 35 Femal Femal Femal Femal Male Male Male Male Both Sex e e e e Hard core poor Poor Non-Poor No data Total Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Migration 53. Both internal (within the country) and external (outside the country) migration was reported during the socioeconomic survey conducted in June-August In Mawa side, among the 120 sample households, 38 persons were found to have migrated internally. In Janjira, 122 persons were found as internal migrants within the 270 sample households. 54. The survey also found 11 persons in Mawa side and 20 persons in the Janjira side migrated outside the country for wage earning. The survey results estimated that for each 3 households in the Mawa and Janjira sides, there is one person migrated locally for wage earning. As for external migration, one person in each 11 households in Mawa side and one person in each 14 households in Janjira side have migrated outside the country for wage earning (Table 2.16). Table 2.16 Migration for Wage Earning in Impact Area Households Mawa Janjira Type of migration No. of migrants No. of family per migrant No. of migrants No. of family per migrant Internal migration External migration Total Source: ADB PPTA, 2006 (Initial Poverty and Social Assessment) Gender Status 55. Like many other countries in the developing world, Bangladeshi women too fare worse than men on most of the social indicators. During the course of the Project preparation and assessment, detailed Gender analysis was also undertaken to look into the current status and needs of the women in the Project area (RAP II) and its potential impact on them. The gender status, impacts and issues have been specifically analyzed and documented in form of the Gender Report. 37 Some of the key findings arrived from the analysis and surveys are summed up below: 56. Social Status: The census survey and assessments brought forth that the gender role and relations between male and female in the project-affected areas on both banks of the Padma River is 35 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT are considered as Hard-core Poor. Households earning per capita monthly income between BDT and BDT are poor and Households having per capital monthly income above BDT are non-poor. 36 Total number of affected households in residence, business and other structures is Income data for 10 businesses (bus counter) was not collected. In addition, 3 families were residing in Dhaka and their income data could not be collected. 37 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design, Gender Action Plan, (revised April 2010, Appendix-4 and 6).

33 18 typical of the Bangladesh society at large. Little gender differences were noted between the two sites Mawa and Janjira. Despite Mawa s greater proximity to services and Dhaka city unlike Janjira, in both areas, men were noted to be much more mobile than women. Women in the affected villages on the Janjira site are lead a village based existence with mobility restricted to visiting relatives or medical facilities in times of emergency. It s the husbands or sons generally who undertake shopping and selling at the markets on behalf of the village women. Many women in the Mawa site met shared that their husbands or sons live and work in Dhaka. As a result, women around Mawa predominantly live in rented houses or leased land and in much closer proximity to each other. However, women in Janjira site enjoy wider spaces mostly on their own land. 57. About 51% of the female heads of households amongst the affected population are reported to be widows, 2% unmarried, 1% separated, and 1% divorced. 38 FHH are smaller in size compared to the male-headed households (MHZ), with 3.75 members per family compared to 5.32 members per household in case of MHH. 58. Women are over-represented among the illiterate population (55%) with low levels of literacy. The incidence of higher education is low in case of females with only 2% females reporting proportion among females attaining higher education. 59. Economic Participation: The surveys brought forth that men normally work in the field in agriculture, do businesses or are employed requiring greater mobility to cities and distant markets. Women are traditionally involved in home-based reproductive and unpaid productive work. Participation of women in agriculture is evident in the form of rice husking and crops processing (paddy, jute and others) at the household level. It was also noted that women have access to NGO based micro-credit but in most cases, they borrow the money for investment through their sons, husbands or fathers. Very few women have been able to invest directly like operating household attached shops, cattle raising, cattle fattening, etc. Women and girls mostly in the Mawa site are involved in sewing for design on garments. Women in Mawa site are also found to be involved in resale of fabric, home-based tailoring, as cooks in local restaurant or in mess of migrant workers. Poor widows and divorcees normally work as domestic help in local households for food, paddy, cloths and the like. 60. About 10% of the total employed women (considering also those in households work and home based agricultural activities) are involved in gainful occupation like industry, construction, service and other informal work. About 90% of the women reported to be engaged in agriculture. A significant proportion of the employed women are in service (6.6%). 61. Income Status: Interactions and survey in the area also brought forth the gender inequality with employed women earning about 15% less than their male counterparts. In some cases, remittance from migrated household members in case of FHH acts as a major factor for higher income. As a result in case wherein the FHH receives regular remittances, the average per capita income of the household worked out to be 85% of the MHH income. However, omitting income from remittance, average income of FHH is equivalent to 57% of the per capita income of MHH. The survey brought forth that the FHH have the lowest average per capita annual income in Shariatpur, at BDT 38,736 compared to Madaripur and Munshiganj. 62. Poverty amongst FHH:The survey also brought forth that the FHH in the project-affected area are more prone to poverty than the MHH. A little less than 9% of the FHH comprised of the hardcore poor 39 as compared to 7.5% MHHs falling in this category and 3.9% of the FHH poor in comparison to 1.6% poor MHH. A little less than eighty eight percent of the FHH can be considered non-poor Gender impacts of the Project 63. The construction of the bridge and the augmentation of road network and services, as per the women interacted with, will have far-reaching impacts on them and their lives. One of the major 38 Gender Action Plan (revised, April 2010, Appendix 6). 39 Households with monthly per capita income less than BDT are considered as Hard-core Poor. 40 Households earning per capita monthly income between BDT and BDT are poor and Households having per capital monthly income above BDT are non-poor.

34 19 benefits of the Project as expressed by women would be in terms of enhanced mobility. The bridge construction would definitely augment the frequency and quality of the transport; thereby further improving access of women (& men) to various social services and income opportunity. 64. However, as anticipated, due to the displacement some village women were noted to be anxious about having to move to a new location (resettlement areas). This anxiety was very much correlated to age, with older women particularly upset and worried about the changes the project would induce in their lives vis-à-vis the younger women who were found to be more accepting and pragmatic towards the same. Women voiced that it would take them some years to reestablish their lives and re-create relationships and social ties with their neighbours, re-establishing shade and fruit trees, gardens etc. 65. In case of those who will not be affected or displaced, coping with the construction disruption will be challenging. Informed about the influx of project labour, most of the women shared that while this would be a good income generation opportunity whereby they can sell garden produces to these labourers at a roadside stall. Most noted improved access to roadside small business in the future, and improved transport links, as possible project benefits. 66. Of the total affected population in the areas of main bridge and approach roads, nearly half (48%) comprise of women. Proportion of female population is the highest in Munshiganj (49%) and the lowest in Shariatpur (47%). 67. In terms of servere impact on structures, data from BIDS survey (Jul & Aug 2009 and Feb 2010) brought forth that of the 1552 households affected by the project land acquisition, 153 (9%) are female headed households (FHH). However, adequate provisions have therefore been included in RAP II to provide additional assistance to these FHH so as to restore their livelihood. 2.5 Summary 68. The affected population is largely non-poor according to the definition of official poverty line 41 in Bangladesh for the region where the project is located. But they are vulnerable to endemic riverbank erosion and flooding due to the presence of the mighty Padma River. People are affected by the river due to its shifting nature requiring frequent migration but dependent on it for their livelihoods in water and road transport sectors owing to the important river crossing at this point on the national highway from Dhaka to Khulna. Remittance flow, river and terminal oriented commercial activities, proximity to Dhaka city and NGO interventions are important factors of the economy of the projectaffected area. The bridge, after it s opening, will reduce the scope of river and road transport oriented livelihoods substantially. Acquisition of agricultural land will affect livelihood resources for majority of the affected peoples in the Janjira side. Relocation and income and livelihood restoration will, therefore, need careful scrutiny of the loss of livelihood resources and the likely occupational disruption due to undertaking of the project. 69. The following issues received specific attention in the policy formation and developing mitigation measures for resettlement and livelihood restoration: Affected population comprises of 52% male and 48% females. Demographic dependency ratio in the project affected area is about 68.4% which is lower than the national average by about 3.6%. Economic dependency ratio in the area is 65.6% again lower than the national average by 5.4%. Literacy among the affected population is 75% and only 11% have higher education (SSC and above) and functional literacy among the females is 72%. 41 BIDS, Census, September Households with per capita monthly income above BDT as per BBS Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2005 have been considered as non-poor.

35 20 Agriculture is the dominant occupation is Shariatpur and Madaripur while trade and business account the highest in Munshiganj area. Only 41% of the employed population has a second occupation where agriculture is a major option. Only 7% of the employed population has second occupation other than agriculture. Only 54% of the affected populations have their own homestead and the rest are mainly tenants and uthuli. Affected population is mainly using tin made kutcha houses (80% in Mawa and 91% in Janjira). Only 1.25% of the households in Janjira and 17.7% in the Mawa side owns pucca and semi-pucca structures. About 2.4% households in Mawa side and 7.5% households in Janjira side are living in thatched houses representing the poor segment of the population. Poverty rate is insignificant among the project-affected households losing their homestead or businesses. Only 9.5% of the households are reported to be poor as per their stated income. Among the female-headed households, 18.5% in Madaripur, 12.3% in Shariatpur and 10.2% in Munshiganj are reported to be poor. In one household of each 3, there is someone migrated elsewhere in the country for earning. In each 11 households in Mawa side and each 14 households in Janjira side have one household having someone migrated outside the border.

36 21 CHAPTER 3 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT 70. This chapter focuses on project impacts loss of land, structure and other assets resulting from main bridge and approach road construction. 3.1 The Project Impacts 71. The project impacts have been ascertained based on the most recent census survey undertaken by BIDS in Jul-Aug 2009 and Feb 2010 for all type of structural losses whereas the agriculture land impacts have been estimated based on the Land Acquisition Plan prepared in 2006 by BBA in the ADB PPTA LARP These surveys brought forth that a total of 7614 households would be affected in their housing and business and other structures. The adverse impacts of the components covered in RAP II (approach road, service area and toll plaza) largely include loss of land (residential and commercial); structure (residential, commercial and community/pcr), and income and livelihood (owners, wage earners). In addition, the construction of the project components (the approach road, toll plaza and service area) shall also entail some indirect impacts such as loss of access to land by tenants and informal occupants; loss of access to residential and commercial structures and loss of employment and workdays. Such PAPs have also been included in this RAP. The project is also keeping provisions for single track rail, power transmission line, gas pipeline, and fibre optic cable on the bridge. But costruction of these facilities will be undertaken at a future date. Therefore, safeguard issues for these components are not included in this report. 72. Table 3.1 below details the category wise number of households affected in RAP II. Table 3.1:Type of Losses of the Affected Households Affected Households Types of Loss (AHs) Agriculture land 6072 Structures (which include homestead, Commercial establishment and others) 1542 Total Affected Households (AHs) 7614 Indirect impacts (Wage earners and others belonging to the AHs losing structures) Community owned structures including PCRs 27 Bus Counters (of transport owners/associations) Grand Total 8658 Source: ADB PPTA LARP 2006 & BIDS Census Survey Jul-Aug 2009 and Feb Scope of Land Acquisition 73. A total of ha of land will be affected in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts as a result of the components included in RAP II. Of the total land affected, the majority of land affected is located on the Janjira side amounting to 80% of the total acquired land, whereas the remaining affected land lies on the Mawa side (Table 3.2).

37 22 Table 3.2 Distribution of Affected Land by Components Components of Main bridge Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Total Road and rail viaduct Railway approach Approach road Service Area Toll Plaza Total Source: BBA LA Plan 2006 and DDC, Additional LA Plan, 4 Feb As indicated earlier, an additional ha of additional land will be acquired for the main bridge, bridge end facilities and the approach roads. This RAP has hence been updated based on the census survey undertaken for the additional land acquisition by end of February Impact on Agricultural Land 75. In absence of updated land title records, owners of agricultural and other types of land are identified by the Deputy Commisioners in the process of land acquisition. A census of agricultural land parcels, without legal scrutiny, cannot identify the current legal owners of land. The agricultural land inventory developed during the ADB PPTA study in 2006 will, therefore, be updated based on the award information obtainable from DCs in the process of land acquisition. According to the 2006 agricltural land inventory, an estimated 6,072 households will be affected due to acquisition of agricultural land for the main bridge and approach roads in the three districts (The number is unlikely to change by any major margin due to very limited land transaction in the project area as indicated in the BIDS land valuation replacement survey). About half of the affected households will be in Shariatpur district and a little more than one third in Madaripur district. As the existing highway will be developed into approach road only entailing strip acquisition on both sides, the impact on agricultural land would be limited in Munshiganj. As a result, only 17% of the 6,072 households incurring impact on agricultural land fall in this district. 76. The analysis of the impact ratio on affected households brought forth that 22% (1338 HHs) of the affected households will be losing more than 10% of their income as a result of the land acquisition. Amongst these severely affected households, the majority 738 HHs (55.0%) comprise of those who would be losing 10 to 20 % of their total income as a result of the acquisition whereas 11% (150 HHs) would lose more than 50% of their total income (See Table 3.4). Taking into account the severity of impact, specific livelihood measures (detailed in Chapter 7 of RAP II) have been planned in order to restore or improve the livelihoods of the affected households. Table 3.4: Extent of Income Impacts from loss of Agricultural land Number of Affected Households Level of impact on income (% of total income loss) Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total No. No. No. No. % More than Data not available Total (In Number) (in %age) Source: ADB PPTA of Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, 2006

38 Project induced Displacement 77. Apart from agricultural land, a total of 1,579 structures would also incur severe impact as a result of the construction of main bridge, approach roads, toll plaza and service area. The survey data revealed that all these structures would incur impact on their main structure leading to displacement of a total of 1,321 affected households and necessitating their relocation. Out of these, 60% of the displaced households comprise of titleholders whereas the remaining comprise of non-titleholders Gender Disaggregated data of the Displaced Households 78. Relocation of structures in 1,579 structure owners (Table 3.6) would lead to the displacement of a total of 6,770 persons of 1,321 affected households (AHs) necessitating measures for their appropriate relocation and resettlement. The highest proportion of displaced persons are located in Shariatpur (42%) followed by Munshiganj (40%) and Madaripur (17%). As detailed in Table 3.5, in keeping with the men-women ratio in the Project area, more than half of the 7,874 persons getting affected in housing and businesses comprise of 4,095 men followed by 3,779 women. Table 3.5 District wise Gender Profile of the Affected Population Population to be Households (No.)* Affected Population (AP) District Relocated Affected Displaced Male Female Total % No. % Madaripur , Shariatpur , Munshiganj , Total , , Proportion (%) * There are 10 bus counters affected in Munshiganj district those are not attached to any affected household. No data on income or household demography was therefore collected. Households in this table also include households and other 196 businesses to be displaced. Source: BIDS Census Survey, Jul-Aug 2009 and Feb Type of affected structures 79. Out of the 1579 affected structures, the highest number of structures getting affected comprise of residential structures (80%) followed by 13% commercial structures. The survey brought forth that some households, which are operating a commercial enterprise (such as small shop) as well as residing in the same will also be affected as a result of the Project. Such structures have been classified as residential-cum commercial structures. A total of 59 such structures would be affected, amounting to 4% of the total affected structures. Apart from these three types of structures, a total of 27 households will incur loss of other structures mainly comprising of wall/fences, tube wells, latrines, etc. 80. Table 3.6 below presents district wise details of the affected structures. The number of households and other establishments requiring relocation is the highest in Munshiganj (47%) followed by Shariatpur (36%) and Madaripur (17%). 81. In addition to private structures requiring relocation, a total of 27 structures have been listed under physical cultural resources (PCR). This is further explained and defined in Section 6.7.

39 24 Name of District Residential Structures Table 3.6 District wise Impact on Structures Private Assets Residential cum Others Commercial Commercial Structures Enterprise (CE) Enterprise (OS) Community-owned assets including PCR No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total % Source: BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb The surveys brought forth that the majority of the Project-induced displacement will result from the construction of the approach roads on either side of the bridge. About 53% of the total affected structures (Residential, CEs, common property including PCRs and OSs) will be displaced from main bridge components on the Janjira site whereas 47% will be affected on the Mawa site. There will be no displacement of commercial establishments as a result of land acquisition for Service Areas on both sites. 83. As represented in Table 3.7 below, the affected households with commercial establishments are also concentrated more on the Approach Road section on both the sites. Total Table 3.7 Project Component wise Impact on Structures Household with Community Commercial Other Household commercial Establishment Project Components enterprise structures enterprise including PCR Total No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % Mawa Site Service Area Approach Road and Toll Plaza Additional Area Janjira Site 0 Service Area Approach Road and Toll Plaza Additional Area Total % Source: BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb Construction Type of Affected structures 84. Of the 1,579 affected structures, close to 60% comprised of kutcha houses, followed by 26% pucca structure construction. Only 3% of the total structures comprised of semi-pucca houses and about 5% of tin structures. About 5% of the affected structures were noted to be thatched structure mainly belonging to the poor and hard-core poor households in the affected area (See Table 3.8).

40 25 Table 3.8 Quantity of Affected Main Structures (Floor Area in sft) by District Structure Type by Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total construction materials Sft % Sft % Sft % Sft % Pucca Semi Pucca Tin Kutcha Thatched Total % by district Source: BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb Affected Trees 85. In addition to impacts on structure and land, the main bridge and approach road construction will cause felling of about 273,656 private trees of various species and sizes. It is also important to note that since these trees are located on the affected agriculture land or affected homestead structure, the affected households to lose trees are already included in the list of Affected Households and do not comprise of new/additional affected households. 86. Of the total affected trees, 25% trees comprise of saplings and the rest 85% are matured trees countable trees including small trees. In term of species, 29% of the total affected trees comprise of banana plants followed by 21% bamboo, and 1.6% papaya trees. Timber trees comprise of 15% wile fruit trees comprise 29% of the total affected trees. Less than one percent of the affected trees is medicinal and other trees (Table 3.9). Table 3.9 Number of Trees affected in Main Bridge Components under RAP-II Species of Matured trees Sapling Total trees Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur Matured % Sapling % Timber trees Fruit trees Medicinal trees Fuel wood trees Banana plant Papaya tree Bamboo Others Total % total by district by type Source: BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb Impact on Wage Earners 87. Apart from the direct impact on households (incurring impact on structures and land), a total of 1,007 wage earners belonging to the AHs will also be indirectly affected due to displacement and impact on commercial enterprises and agricultural land. The maximum number of wage earners would be affected in Shariatpur (478 wage earner), followed by 356 wage earners in Madaripur mostly comprising of unskilled farm labourers. A total of 173 wage earners would be affected in Munshiganj of whom majority comprise of unskilled farm labour (See Table 3.10).

41 26 S.No. Table 3.10 District wise Project Impact on Wage Earners No. of wage earners affected by district Category of wage earners Munshiganj Shariatpr Madaripur Total 1 Farm labor (unskilled) Non-farm labor (unskilled) Skilled non-farm labor Total Source BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb Vulnerability Status of Affected Households 88. Certain groups of population by virtue of their socio-economic realities are considered socially vulnerable and thus in need of special consideration so that they can benefit from the development activities project. These groups include: (a) Hard core poor households (b) Tribal/Indigenous Peoples households (c) Female-headed households (FHH) and (e) Disabled households 89. The above groups have been recognized as vulnerable groups under the Project. In addition to the above groups taking into account the severity of impact the households losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project impacts, have also been included in the list of vulnerable households. 90. It is also worthwhile to note that the studies and surveys did not bring forth the presence of Indigenous groups in the Project area. As a result, no Indigenous People would be affected as a result of the Project. S.N o. Table 3.11: Vulnerable Affected Households by District Districtwise Vulnerable Households Total Vulnerable category Affected Munshiganj Shariatpur Madaripur No. % 1 Female Headed HH Disabled and elderly HH Hardcore Poor Male HH HH losing >10% of their income due to loss of agri-land Total (in HHs) Source: BIDS Census Survey, July-Aug 2009 & Feb A little more than one-fifth (23%) of the total affected households were identified as falling in the category of socially and economically vulnerable groups. As detailed in Table 3.11 above, of the 1728 vulnerable affected households 77% (1338 HHs) comprise of those losing more than 10% of their agriculture land thereby making them vulnerable. Amongst the remaining vulnerable households, 10% comprise of disabled households, followed by 7% Female-headed household and 5% hardcore poor households. 92. Taking into account the socio-economic vulnerabilities of the affected households, specific provisions and special measures have been incorporated in the RAP II to ensure that they are not marginalized in the process of Project development.

42 27 CHAPTER 4 CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND PARTICIPATION 93. Consultation and participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives, and the decisions and resources that affect them. It is a two way process where the executing agencies, policy makers, beneficiaries and affected persons discuss and share their concerns in a project process. The international co-financiers safeguard policies give high priority on public consultation and participation to enhance the community voice and assure incorporation of community s views in design and implementation of a socially and environmentally compliant project. The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) also has some acts and policies inline with this issue. 94. In keeping with the same, attempts have been made both in Project design and RAP II preparation to encourage consultation and participation of the affected people and communities and incorporate their views, needs and aspirations into the Project components. The community was consulted during the public consultation meetings, which were organized at various stages. The objectives of all these consultations has been to maximize benefits and minimize adverse social effects on the affected people, as far as possible, in keeping with the co-financiers safeguard policies and the national legislations. 95. The focus of all these public discussions and meetings was to inform the communities and population about the positive as well as negative impacts of the Project and seek their views, suggestions and inputs on the Project. 4.1 Project Stakeholders 96. A stakeholder is any person, group or institution that has an interest in an activity, plan or program. This includes intended beneficiaries and intermediaries, winners and losers, and those involved or excluded from decision-making processes. Stakeholders can be divided into two very broad groups: Primary stakeholders are those ultimately affected, either positively (beneficiaries) or negatively (for example, those involuntarily displaced). Primary stakeholders of the PMBP are the beneficiaries (residents and road users) of the southwestern, north-central and central region of Bangladesh and the affected persons due to involuntary displacement and resettlement in the project area. Residents of upstream char lands from the bridge location will also experience some impact of the project. Secondary stakeholders are those with some intermediary role including the executing agency, line ministries, financing institutions, consultants, construction contractors, suppliers and service providers. The secondary stakeholders are the project owner (BBA), deputy commissioners and their supporting agencies, local governments, design and management consultants, local level NGOs and implementing NGOs, independent external monitors, construction contractors, suppliers, and health and security services of the GOB to the project. BBA will acquire land through the LA offices of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. The local government representatives will be involved in the process of implementation of RAP-I to identify and advocate for the affected persons. The local NGOs working in the area will also be instrumental in RAP-I implementation. 97. Owing to their proximity to the capital city and being on a major commercial route through prominent districts of Bangladesh, the primary stakeholders are far more sensitive to any infringement on their lands and livelihoods and more conscious of their rights. At the same time, the communities are supportive to the implementation of the Project. 4.2 Stakeholders Attitudes towards the Project 98. As a major infrastructure project, the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project will have several impacts of varying significance. Despite those impacts, the affected households and communities were seen to have very positive attitudes to the Project. Aside from being proud of having a project of

43 28 national importance in their area, the communities recognized the benefits of the bridge in terms of improved transportation and access to the southwest region, increased value of residual land, protection against erosion, multimodal transport facilities, opportunities for new businesses, employment and local development, resettlement in properly designed sites with civic amenities, and marketing and tourism development. The affected households were of the view that they would have a greatly improved living environment at the resettlement sites with the availability of extensive civic amenities and social infrastructure. Notably, poor and highly vulnerable households who had earlier no secured tenure would, for the first time be provided with titled land (housing plots), economic stability and improved quality of life at the resettlement sites. 99. The support for the Project was further evidenced during the consultation meetings with the Co financiers Safeguard Review Mission at proposed project sites in Mawa, Naodoba and Bakhorerkandi on 19 May The meetings were attended by a large number of affected families, community leaders, local officials and administrators. The mission members encouraged the participants to express themselves and engaged in detailed discussion on project impacts, community consultation, compensation, and awareness about the project and resettlement policies, and their level of support for the project. Some concerns were raised by the participants, particularly with regard to replacement costs for land acquired by the project. The degree of participation at the meetings was very active and those who attended the three consultation meetings showed their fullest support for the Project. 42 The World Bank mission visited the project sites on November 13 th 2009 and interacted with the affected communities and other stakeholders. Local support to the project and the level of consultation held in the past was further verified during visits by the Co-financiers Safeguard Joint Mission (March 2010) members to the project sites, particularly development of the RS sites and bridge landing area in Janjira. The community shared very positive views about the bridge project and showed full knowledge of the compensation packages under the project. 4.3 Consultation Process adopted in the PMBP 100. Although the consultative process in preparing a resettlement plan is both mandated and critical, the situation under Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project demonstrates the usefulness of continuity in stakeholder communication through the several phases of project development. The public consultation process entailed clearly explaining the project and its impacts, in a consistent manner, to the community through the many technical assessments. 43 This approach was applied in the development of the RAP-II and the responsiveness of the communities was well reflected in their strong support for the Project, which fully considered their concerns in setting out options that would be acceptable to them The public consultation process in the project area began in 1999, as part of the first prefeasibility study. The process continued under the JICA-funded Feasibility Study ( ), at the preparation of RAP, LAP and EMP by the BBA (then JMBA) during and during project preparation technical assistance study by ADB in The project-affected persons, particularly those in the corridor of impact, were consulted in designing the resettlement policy framework and entitlements. The meetings and workshops held with stakeholders on the Mawa and Janjira sides provided the affected households opportunities to express their concerns about land acquisition, compensation, and resettlement. The consultation process was further intensified during the detailed design period through formal and informal meetings, village level workshops, and disclosure of project impacts to the affected households and communities. This chapter presents a summary and overview of the consultations held over the project preparation period and detailed Design. Further details are available in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) The support was also recorded in the mission s Aide Memoire: The mission found tremendous support for the project among the people in the region, on both sides of the river, among various stakeholders, the government, and also among the project affected people. It was heartening to see unanimous support for the project among all concerned, even affected people, who view this as a project of high national priority which will bring prosperity to the nation and SWR (southwest region) when completed. Aide Memoire: Safeguard Issues Identification and Review Mission (16-21 May 2009), para Pre-feasibility Study of Padma Bridge by the Government of Bangladesh in 1999, JICA Feasibility Study during , BBA LAP, RAP and EMP preparation and ADB PPTA in Public Consultation and Participation Plan, (revised April 2010).

44 Public Consultation and Participation during Feasibility Study 102. BBA conducted a number of consultation meetings with the stakeholders during the feasibility studies and preparation of RAP, EMP and LAP (up to December 2005). The key methods adopted during the consultation process were Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) and stakeholders Workshops Nine FGDs were conducted between October 2004 and December The FGDs were primarily focused on land acquisition, environmental and social issues, wildlife/migratory birds and health hazards. Of the 9 FGDs, 3 were held in Mawa (Kandirpar, 9 October 2004; Medinimondol, 9 October 2004; and South Medinimondol, 12 December 2004) and 6 in Janjira (Mataborchar, 28 September 2004; Sikderkandi, 4 October 2004; Joynuddin Matbarkandi, 8 October 2004; Naodoba Bazaar, 14 December 2005; Matborchar Union Parishad (UP) Office, 20 December 2005; and Naodoba, 22 December 2005). On an average, close to 50 participants (BBA staff, consultants, village leaders, local officials, affected persons farmers, women and the poor) attended each FGD The anticipated impacts of the Project were disclosed to the affected people at the beginning of the FGDs. Major issues discussed included: (i) Land acquisition and possible alternatives ROW; (ii) Hydrology, drainage and. riverbank erosion; (iii) Fisheries, wildlife; (iv) Health hazards; (v) Tree cutting and impacts on local ecosystems; (vi) Community severance; (vii) Employment/job opportunities and occupational changes; (viii) Traffic congestion; (ix) Cultural resources and social infrastructure; (x) impacts on char lands; and (xi) relocation and resettlement. The participants were very active in the discussions and their approaches to the problems associated with the Project. The recommendations were recorded as minutes of meeting (with the communities concerned) that would provide the basis for follow-up discussions, if required. Some of the key recommendations of the FGDs were: All possible alternatives should be examined to minimize land acquisition for the bridge, approach roads and river training works. Impacts of the bridge construction on the flood regime, drainage, erosion, water and fisheries particularly hilsa migration -- should be considered with utmost care and attention Adequate number of tube-wells should be installed for drinking and other uses Local health facilities should be further developed to control water-borne diseases New cultural resources and social infrastructure should be established in consultation with local people Compensation for all losses land, structure, trees - should be at market rate Resettlement sites should have all basic civic amenities Underpasses should be constructed in case of community severance due to the approach road Project impacts on chars should be considered carefully In addition to the above, five PRA workshops were conducted involving affected villagers of all social classes. Two PRA workshops were held on the Mawa side (South Medinimondol, 9 October 2004 and Medinimondol UP office, 12 December 2005), and three were conducted on the Janjira side (Naodoba, 8 October 2004; Fazlu Matbor Kandi, 14 December 2005; and Bakhorerkandi, 19 December 2005) The objectives of these exercises and village-level workshops was to make qualitative assessment of social impacts, including (i) project impacts and benefits, together with community response to the Project; (ii) nature and type of project-induced losses; (iii) potential mitigation measures for resettlement; and (iv) restoration of income losses; and (v) social development issues, with particular emphasis on women and vulnerable groups. Further goals of PRA exercises were to:

45 30 Ensure participation of the local people Create opportunity to play a role and express their views Promote people-centered resettlement and development strategies Analyze household and community level issues to draw early attention for mitigations and/or resolution Social preparation for relocation, confidence and capacity building for community level resettlement management Empowerment of the community with information so that they can use their best judgment in deciding appropriate measures Through village mapping and profile analysis, the villagers identified potential positive and negative impacts of the proposed Project. They noted that the Project would (a) create new employment and business opportunities; (b) make river crossing easier, safer and quicker; (c) provide for better healthcare and recreational facilities; and (d) increase the mobility of women, which would enhance family incomes. The negative impacts that they perceived include loss of properties due to project development, and indirect impacts and job losses at the ferry ghat due to closure of ferries in the postproject period. Table 4.1 lists their perceived categories of loss, mitigation measures, and compensation schedules. Table 4.1: Identification of Losses and Recommended Entitlements S.No. Category of Losses Proposed Entitlements Time schedule for payments 1 Land, homestead, Replacement value 6 months before handing commercial over 2 Crops, fruits trees, timber plants, fruits 3 Residential, commercial structures 4 Loss of residence by non-titled persons/squatters 5 Tube-wells, sanitary facilities 6 Loss of income by men and women 7 Loss of business premises Market price Market price Compensation for lost structures, house plots at resettlement sites, and employment opportunities To be established by the project Employment by the Project; establish new cottage industry Special assistance to re-establish business One month before handing over 3 month before dislocation 3 months before dislocation During shifting of houses One month before losing income source During shifting 8 Pond aquaculture Replacement value of pond, value of fish stock (allowed to take) 9 Brick kiln Replacement value of land and brick kiln and compensation for loss of business Cost of structure, house plot at resettlement site and employment opportunity Prior to removal of structure 108. The recommendations from FGD, PRA and Workshops have been considered in developing social and environmental safeguards framework for the Project.

46 Consultations during PPTA Studies 109. The stakeholders consultation meetings conducted during the ADB PPTA period focused on resettlement sites, site development issues, and relocation of community-cultural resources. 45 In addition, five consultation meetings in the chars, upstream of the bridge site were conducted. During the consultative process, it was emphasized to the EA that land acquisition should be minimized and creative solutions devised to achieve that end; for example, in drawing attention to the relocation of the mosque at Mawa, it was suggested that constructing a retaining wall along the viaduct might allow the mosque to remain at its present site. The char dwellers were consulted to understand the potential impact of the bridge structure on the chars (up and down stream) and a Charland Study was prepared. The design consultants updated the study into a Charland Monitoring and Management Framework, with additional surveys in the chars and consultation meetings with the char dwellers. 46 The recommendations from the consultation meetings were reflected in the RAP preparation. Table 4.2 summarizes the outcome of consultations with various stakeholders conducted during the PPTA study. Table 4.2: Summary of Consultations held under ADB PPTA Study Stakeholders 1 Consultation with Cobbler families 2 Relocation of Kabutarkhola Market 3 Relocation of Mawa Wholesale Fish Market (Arat) 4 Project Impacts on Mosque and Graveyard 5 Consultation with Women s Groups 6 Consultation with Char dwellers Issues and Concerns Sixteen cobbler families (a special caste) living along the Mawa bank line will be affected by the project construction. The consultation meeting focused on their relocation needs and livelihood issues. The permanent market at Kabutarkhola will require relocation due to river training works. Meetings were held with the Market Committee and shop owners to understand and record their concerns, including rental/lease agreements with shop owners. Traders and employees of the wholesale fish market were consulted. This is a wholesale fish market that caters to the needs of the local fishermen and fish traders. Potential relocation sites were discussed. At Mawa side, Kumarbhog mosque and community graveyard will likely be affected by the approach road/viaduct of the bridge. Various options were considered, including a replacement mosque and fencing of the existing graveyard as part of the bridge security zone. Small group consultation meetings were held in Mawa and Janjira with women involved in embroidery work as income generating activities. Discussion revolved around how to support the activities as a part of the project for livelihood restoration and empowerment of the women. Despite the fact that the impacts of the bridge on upstream chars are still uncertain, consultation meetings were held to understand their concerns and how they could benefit from the Project. 45 Padma Bridge Project (Annex 2:1 Consultation and Stakeholder Participation), November Attempts were made thru internet and s to contact Jamuna Char Development Program (JCDP) without success. The street address of JCDP available in the internet is not up to date.

47 Disclosure and Consultation on Main Bridge & Approach Roads 110. As part of detailed design preparatory work, disclosure and consultation meetings were carried out in Mawa and Janjira on 27 October and 29 October respectively. These meetings were attended by the affected households, affected households, local elected officials (i.e., Upazila chairman and members), Upazila (sub-district) officers, Design Consultants (Main Bridge/AR Engineer, RTW Specialist, Safeguards Specialists, INGO and BBA staff The main objective of these meetings was to explain the need for additional land acquisition resulting from change in Project design due to erosion of the service areas. During these meetings, the new design was explained to the community and their views were taken on the same in order to build consensus and acceptance of the design Follow up consultations were undertaken in both the locations on 7 Nov 2009 in which the new design for Service Areas and road/rail alignment were shared and explained to the affected communities and other key stakeholders. The new designs were formulated keeping in mind the suggestions made by the community in the previous meetings. It is pertinent to note that the new design significantly reduced the scope of fresh land acquisition for the service areas from 94 ha to 61 ha Similar public consultations will be carried out throughout the Project implementation for other Project components as well. 4.5 Environmental Assessment Consultative Process 114. The consultative process for the RAP was complemented by a series of consultations conducted as part of the environmental assessment. Although approaching the project from a different perspective, it nonetheless provided a valuable way of assessing not only the awareness and concerns of the communities regarding environmental issues, but also their responsiveness to associated social issues. The consultations continued the process of closely interacting with the affected communities during project planning The stakeholder consultations included 10 FGDs held during April-September at various proposed project sites (5 at the resettlement sites, one on the Char lands, two at the service areas, and two at construction yards). The participants mentioned that a sound environmental mitigation plan be prepared to address the various impacts anticipated during the pre-construction, construction and implementation stages and to ensure the protection of sensitive locations. Among the issues discussed was the development of the resettlement sites, which would involve the construction of internal roads, drainage, sewerage and sanitation facilities, and the provision of utilities and social infrastructure. The participants were provided with preliminary designs of the resettlement sites and reassured that the design team had taken those aspects fully into consideration to be able to provide improved living conditions for resettlers as well as adequate housing plots. It was also recognized that a community environment management plan would be important to provide guidance to community management teams who would be drawn from resettlement site residents. As with the resettlement discussions, the participants reiterated their major concerns about land acquisition and the need for proper compensation, livelihood restoration, and access to religious structures and civic amenities. Overall, the outcomes of the consultations and discussions were positive, with participants expressing their expectation that the Padma Bridge would bring significant economic benefits to the region. 4.6 Public Disclosure of RAP II 116. Project design, impact and policies for mitigation of adverse social and environmental impacts will be disclosed to the influence area people particularly the affected persons and host communities. A summary of this RAP will be translated into Bangla and will be made available to the affected people by the Executing Agency (EA) prior to Loan Appraisal An information booklet has been designed for approval of the government for distribution among the affected persons as the primary tool for disclosure (Annex VI). Disclosures will also be continued using the following other instruments: Advertisement in newspapers;

48 33 Advertisement in radio and television; Billboards and posters; Community workshops; Information brochures; Information in focal points at district, upazila and union levels; Information pamphlets; Personal contact; and Village level meetings In case of change in Project design thereby entailing change in resettlement impacts, this RAP will be updated. The updated RAP II will be disclosed to the APs, endorsed by the EA. The updated RAP will be submitted to Co-financier for approval prior to award of civil works contracts for the Project. 4.7 Strategy for Community Consultation and Participation during implementation 119. BBA will continue the consultation process during the implementation of the RAP II. Resettlement-related brochures, leaflets and other communications materials in the local language (Bangla) will be published for distribution among the affected households. These materials will also be available in the Union Parishad, Upazilas and district offices in the project area. Further steps will be taken to (i) keep the affected people informed about additional land acquisition plan, compensation policies and payments, resettlement plan, schedules and process, and (ii) ensure that project-affected persons are involved in making decisions concerning their relocation and implementation of the RAP II. The consultation and participation will be instrumented through individual contacts, FGDs, open meetings and workshops. Details of the consultation and participation process have been presented in the Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). The PCPP is a comprehensive document that seeks to define a technically and culturally appropriate approach for consultation and participation and has been prepared in compliance with co-financiers policies and national legislations. The larger goal of this Plan is to ensure that adequate and timely information is made available to the project affected people and communities and sufficient opportunities are provided to them to voice their opinions and concerns and participate in influencing upcoming project decisions.the PCPP serves the following purpose: Lays down the key guiding principles for C&P; Provides the details of the public participation and consultation processes undertaken in the Project so far and outcomes of the same; and Elaborates strategy for public consultation and participation to be adopted over the life of the Project in the subsequent stages In sum, consultation will remain a hallmark in the project implementation processes. The consultation meetings, issues discussed and outcomes and subsequent follow up actions will alll be recorded for future verification.

49 34 CHAPTER 5 POLICY FRAMEWORK, ENTITLEMENTS AND RELOCATION 5.1 Legislations Governing Land Acquisition in Bangladesh 121. The principal legal instrument governing land acquisition in Bangladesh is the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance II (1982) and subsequent amendments of the Ordinance II (1989, 1993, and 1994). The 1982 Ordinance requires that compensation be paid for (i) land and assets permanently acquired (including houses, trees, and standing crops,); and (ii) any other impacts caused by such acquisition. The Ordinance provides certain safeguards for the owners and has provision for payment of fair value for the property acquired. In addition to the Ordinance, another relevant law that applies to the Project due to acquisition of bankline for river training works, is the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1951 (Section 7) that defines the ownership and use right of alluvion (payosti) and diluvion land (sikosti) in the country. Legally, GOB owns the bankline and eroded land in the river. However, the original owner(s) can claim the land if it reappears in a natural process within 30 years from the date of erosion. Due to river training and other protection measures, landowners might lose access to new land in situ or original site. Therefore, land acquired for the bridge, including bankline, would be considered for compensation after a joint review of the alluvion and diluvion (AD) line established by the Deputy Commissioner(s) of the three districts In all cases, the Deputy Commissioner (DC) determines (i) market value of acquired assets on the date of notice of acquisition (based on the registered value of similar property bought and/or sold in the area over the preceding 12 months); and (ii) 50% premium on the assessed value (other than crops) due to compulsory acquisition. The DC payments or awarded to owners is called cash compensation under law (CCL). The value thus paid is invariably less than the market value as owners customarily report undervalued land transaction prices in order to pay lower stamp duty and registration fees. As a result, compensation for land paid by DC, including premium, remains less than the real market price or replacement value (RV). 47 If land acquired has standing crops cultivated by tenant (bargadar), the law requires that part of the compensation money be paid in cash to the tenants with registered deeds only. Places of worship, graveyard and cremation grounds are not to be acquired for any purpose. The Ordinance does not permit the affected persons to take the salvageable materials for which compensation have been paid by the DC Under the 1982 Ordinance, the Government is obliged to pay compensation only for the assets acquired. Further, the Ordinance does not deal with social and economic impacts as a consequence of land acquisition. For instance, the Ordinance does not cover project-affected persons without titles such as informal settler (squatters), occupiers, and informal tenants and lease-holders (without registration document). Further, the Ordinance has no provision for resettlement of affected households and businesses or any assistance for restoration of livelihoods of the affected persons. In addition to the 1982 Ordinance this project will also use PMBP (LA) ACT 2009 for the process of land acquisition. 5.2 Resettlement Experience in Bangladesh 124. At present, there exists no approved national policy on involuntary resettlement in Bangladesh. A draft national policy on involuntary resettlement was prepared in early 2008 by the Ministry of Land for consideration of the Government of the Bangladesh. 48 Despite this internationally financed Project particularly in large bridge projects such as the Jamuna, Bhairab, Paksey, and Rupsa Projects, the ensuing involuntary resettlements were planned and implemented successfully in the country. Resettlement in the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (JMBP), indeed, is considered a 47 There is provision for Arbitration Appellate Tribunal on compensation assessment by the DC, but the law allows only 10 percent enhancements on the DC award. 48 The Policy was drafted under ADB TA 4517-BAN: Development of a National Policy on Involuntary Resettlement in Bangladesh. The Ministry of Land (MOL) was the Executing Agency of the TA. MOL is in the process of finalizing the policy for submission to the Cabinet.

50 35 leading example with many good practices for example, (i) identification of all affected persons and issuance of ID cards; (ii) cut-off date established by census 49 ; (iii) preparation automated EP files and EC (iv) Preparation of payment statement (v) compensation for losses irrespective of titles; (vi) replacement value of land and other assets; (vii) resettlement of the affected households; (viii) special provisions for assistance to poor women and vulnerable groups; (ix) training/livelihood programs for income and livelihood restoration; (x) project benefits for host villages; (xi) management information system for processing resettlement benefits, monitoring and evaluation; and (xii) involvement of NGOs in RAP implementation which has influenced many other projects since its completion in 1998, including the development of the draft national policy, which is awaiting approval by the Government. BBA (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) is fully familiar with the cofinanciers policy requirements and has adopted many of the JMBP good practices in designing safeguard policies for the RAP prepared for resettlement of affected persons of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project. A matrix of the good parctices and lesson learned from the Jamuna experience and how these were used in the development of the Padma resettlement policy matrix is available in Volume 6- Resettlement Framework. 5.3 Harmonization with Co-financing Policies 125. The international development financing institutions, co-financing the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, have their own safeguard policies to minimize displacement and require time-bound action plans with measures to restore or improve livelihood and income of those affected by development projects. Since the 1982 Ordinance falls short of the safeguard requirements, the project land acquisition and resettlement policy has been developed and harmonized with Co-financiers safeguard requirements. The harmonization was carried out through a gap analysis involving the 1982 Ordinance II and the co-financiers safeguard policies 50 and identification of gap-filling measures. The harmonization has also benefitted from the good practices in resettlement of affected persons in Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project (for details, see Annex 1-Vol. 6 Resettlement Framework). The harmonization of co-financiers safeguard policies is given in Annex I. The gaps between the harmonized policy matrix and the Government of Bangladesh policies, including project-specific gap filling measures, are detailed in Annex II. The harmonized policy forms the basis for preparing resettlement action plan (RAP) for various components of the project. 5.4 Resettlement Policy Framework for the Project 126. The resettlement policy framework for RAP-II has been designed to (a) cover all affected persons irrespective of titles to land, (b) compensation for lost assets, and (c) restore or enhance the livelihoods of all categories of affected persons. The households/persons affected by the components of main bridge (service area, toll plazas and approach roads) will not only receive cash compensation for land and other assets at full replacement cost as per market price at the time of dispossession, additional measures will be taken to ensure minimum disruption during the project construction period. Thus, households to be displaced physically and affected economically will receive due compensation, relocation assistance, and allowances in accordance with the following guidelines and policy which are also part of Project Resettlement Framework. 51 (i) (ii) Affected persons will receive replacement value of the land and other assets before relocation. Likewise, loss of standing crops and trees will be compensated at market price. Owners of residential/commercial units will be compensated at replacement costs. Renters/leaseholders affected by loss of living quarters or commercial premises will receive compensation and resettlement benefit due to loss of income. 49 Impact inventory is generated through census of affected physical assets (other than land) including cultivated ponds, trees and crops. The dates of conducting census are considered as cut-off dates established by Census for non-titled persons. All assistance as per resettlement policy framework is provided based on losses identified by the Census. However, losses for titled owners are taken from the DCs award information. 50 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009; JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations, March 2010, and World Bank, OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, SAP- Resettlement Framework (Vol. 6, Final report), April 2010).

51 36 (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Affected community structures or physical cultural resources will be re-built or replaced at market prices under project supervision. Affected people will receive assistance to re-establish lost assets or livelihood. The needs of women and vulnerable groups will be identified and provisions made for social and economic development support, employment, and means of subsistence to improve their status/livelihoods. Resettlement sites will be developed by the project with civic amenities to resettle the affected people, particularly those losing homestead and business structures, within the proximity of their original villages. (vii) BBA/resettlement implementing NGO will assist APs and business-owners/operators directly and indirectly affected in all aspects. The EA (through resettlement unit) will involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process concerning relocation and resettlement. (viii) (ix) (x) BBA will guide, supervise, and monitor the land acquisition, compensation payment, and resettlement of the APs, including grievance redress and resolution of disputed claims for compensation/resettlement benefits. Grievance redress committees (GRCs) will be formed to ensure participation, and speedy and out of court settlement of as many disputes as possible. Independent third party monitoring by an External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will be contracted to monitor resettlement operations and outcomes evaluation All affected households and persons, as per the above policy/principles and guidelines, will be eligible for compensation and resettlement assistance from the project. The policy framework for the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project has been designed to ensure that those affected are not disadvantaged, receive full support during the resettlement processes and can regain their lost income and livelihoods. The entitlements are further explained and elaborated in the entitlement matrix. 5.5 Cut-off Dates 128. Eligibility to receive compensation and resettlement assistance will be limited by the cut-off date (COD). The cut-off date for compensation under law (Ordinance II of 1982 with amendments) is considered for those identified on the project right of way land proposed for acquisition at the time of service of notice under section 3 or joint verification by Deputy Commissioners (DCs) whichever is earlier (legal COD). The affected households and titleholders have already received notice under section 3 from the concerned DC on in Munshiganj, in Madaripur and in Shariatpur district The BIDS Census survey conducted during July to September 2009 will be considered cutoff date for eligibility for any non-titled persons such as nodibashi or uthuli or other informal settlers living in the acquired area or similar designated date by BBA (BBA COD) Any persons moving into the project area after the cut-off dates will not be entitled for compensation from DCs or any assistance from BBA. However, any APs not covered in the enumerations before the CODs can be enlisted with sufficient proof and approval from the GRCs. 52 As per Ordinance II of 1982, service of notice under section (u/s) 3 prohibits the owners of the land under proposed acquisition from any change of land type, their use and construction of any structure on the land or transfer ownership. If acquisition takes unusual time after notice u/s 3 or exceeds 60 days after placement of fund from requiring body (BBA), the owners can transfer the land on emergencies. In such case, new owners can claim compensation when acquisition takes place producing ownership documents and mutation. In case of new construction, DCs (as per PMBP LA Act 2009) has the discretion to review and consider, if not constructed on malafide intention to defraud the government. However, BBA will rely on award information for identification of owners of affected land and property for resettlement. If any loss is not recognized by DCs, the BIDS census will recognize them as per safeguard policy. The Ordinance II is strict to avoid manipulation in the compensation process which is further supported with the PMBP (LA) Act 2009.

52 37 BBA carried out a video filming of the right-of-way land, structure and trees during the survey conducted by BCL in 2006 to control fraudulent claims at implementation stage. This will be further updated and cross-verified by satellite images of the project area to be provided by CEGIS 53. Meanwhile, the Government of Bangladesh has already taken legal measures to refuse compensation for fake structures erected on project right-of-way to claim compensation (Annex VII) Valuation of Assets 131. Deputy Commissioner (DC) follows the rules laid down in the 1982 Ordinance to determine market prices for assets like land, structures and trees/crops, with assistance from other relevant departments such as Public Works Department (PWD) for structures, Forest Department for trees, and Department of Agricultural Extension for crops. The assessed value is typically lower than the replacement costs. To ensure that the project-affected persons can replace the lost property, replacement value will be provided as determined by a Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) constituted by BBA with representatives from BBA, concerned DC office, upazila (local government), and PWD (Public Works Department). PVAC has already been approved by the government and gazette on Government gazette on formation and functions of PVAC and the methogoloy of determining replavcement value of affected assets are attached in Annex-VIII The Detailed Design (DD) Team will provide all technical support to the PVAC to assess and recommend the replacement value of properties acquired to the Bridge Division, Ministry of Communication for approval. BBA will pay the difference between the replacement value and the DC payments under the 1982 Ordinance II. In addition, APs will be allowed to take away the materials salvaged from their dismantled houses and shops at no costs, despite compensation paid by the DCs. A notice to that effect will be issued by DC Office that APs can take away the materials. 5.7 Resettlement Eligibility and Entitlements Eligibility Criteria 133. All affected persons will be entitled to compensation and resettlement assistance based on severity of impacts and ownership status. 55 Lack of legal documents for customary rights of occupancy/titles shall not affect eligibility for compensation and assistance. In addition to compensation paid by the concerned Deputy Commissioner (DC), the APs will receive additional assistance in cash or kind to match replacement costs, which are the assessed market value of land at the time of dispossession including cost of titling such as stamp duty and registration costs, assessed cost of consruction of houses/structures including land development, market value of trees, crops and perennials, and other cash grants and resettlement assistance such as shifting and reconstruction allowance, compensation for loss of workdays/income due to dislocation Structures located on previously acquired land, if affected on project purpose, shall not be compensated by the DCs but will be entitled for resettlement benefits from the Project. Socioeconomically vulnerable households such as - female-headed households, households below poverty line, households headed by disabled and those losing more than 10% of their total income as a result of the Project will be given additional cash assistance for relocation and house reconstruction. Households losing land only will be provided with additional assistance as dislocation allowance over the compensation for land at full replacement cost Affected Physical Cultural Resources (PCR) will be entitled for all compensation as above and will be rebuilt at project cost at alternative permanent sites selected by the affected community. These resources will be replaced through the concerned service providers and public authorities. 53 The satellite image will be taken by end January 2010 using WorldView-2. Satellite image of Right of Way using WorldView-2 will be able to show more specific view of the existing structures and physical setting and will serve the purpose of video image of project right of way. 54 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009). 55 The severity of impacts is based on the difference between temporary and permanent effects and minor and significant impacts as defined in the Glossary of Terms derived from co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement.

53 Measures such as host area benefits for example, additional class rooms in the existing schools, access roads, improved water supply and sanitation to increase the carrying capacity in the existing facilities and areas will be undertaken so that resettled families are welcomed by the host community Resettlement sites have been selected at designated locations suitable for relocation of the residence losers failing in finding out alternative permanent sites for relocation. The residence losers will be entitled for a plot at nearby resettlement sites on 99 years lease basis (see more in chapter 6) Unit of entitlement will be Entitled persons (EP) or household (if there is only one EP) in the household unless otherwise stated in Administrative Manual/Payment Modality. Additional cash grant to reach at replacement value of land will be entitled to individual titleholders /titled co-sharers. Titleholders will be eligible for individual compensation from DC as well as other resettlement assistance from RU. Non-titleholders of land will not be eligible for compensation for land but the structure, trees, crops and other investments made by them on the land occupied by them and recognized legally or socially. For loss of access to land, they will be assisted to covercome the income losses and find new lands to move. APs identified as vulnerable will be eligible for additional assistance. APs will be permitted to take away the salvaged materials free of cost Compensation and Entitlement Policy 139. Entitlements for different categories of losses and their corresponding APs have been given in the entitlement matrix. Eligibility of APs will be governed by the entitlement matrix, cut-off dates and other conditions as per RAP implementation plan/guideline (Administrative Manual and Payment Modality) Table 5.1 provides an entitlement matrix for different types of losses and dislocation, based on established IOL. The matrix also includes provisions for any unanticipated impacts arising during project implementation. The mitigation measures in the matrix are consistent with co-financiers safeguard requirements. They also reflect good practice for examples (e.g., replacement value for land, dislocation allowance, transfer grant, relocation at project-sponsored RS site, grievance redresses, income and livelihood restoration, third party independent monitoring etc.) from the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project. Compensation and other assistance will be paid to APs prior to dislocation and dispossession from acquired assets or three months prior to construction activities, whichever is earlier.

54 39 Table 5.1 Eligibility and Entitlement Matrix Loss Item 1: LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Legal owner(s) as 1. Replacement Value 1. RV will be recommended by 1. Legal owners will be identified by (RV) of agricultural PVAC. assisted by INGO to Deputy land. 2. Deputy Commissioner (DC) will organize legal documents in Commissioner pay cash compensation under support of their ownership. (DC) in the law (CCL) for the land. process of CCL payment and/or recognized by court in cases of legal disputes. 2. Dislocation BDT 100 (one hundred) per decimal but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand) for each owner. 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the difference will be paid by BBA with assistance from the RAP Implementing NGO (INGO). 4. The dislocation allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. 2. INGO will identify loss and entitlement of female owners and co-sharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office. Implementation Issues: 1. Landowners (private owners) will be informed of the details of the land acquisition and compensation process, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. PVAC will recommend RV for land based on current market price (CMP) assessed by an independent agency at the time of dispossession including cost of titling. CMP will be assessed for each affected mouza for each type of land averaging (i) minimum approved price of land available at respective Sub-registrars offices, and (ii) reported price and (iii) transacted price of land at those mouzas (CMP should not be less than minimum approved price of land). RV will be obtained by adding the titling cost prorated on the CMP thus obtained (RV=CMP+CMPxa%, where a is the rate of applicable registration cost for purchasing the land for CMP equivalent amount of money). The RV will be approved by the Ministry of Communications. 3. DC will determine the market price of land averaging last 12 months sale prices (from the date of service of notice u/s 3) as per registration deeds in affected mouzas for each type of land obtained from respective sub-registrar s offices. For all private land, the market price will be enhanced by 50% for compensation under law (CCL). For khas land (DC is the owner at respective districts representing the government), CCL will be the assessed market price without 50% enhancement. 4. Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with assistance from INGO. 5. The INGO shall encourage Entitled Persons (EPs) to consider purchasing land or investing the money in productive/ income generating activities (IGA). Loss Item 2: LOSS OF HOMESTEAD, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL LAND AND COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Legal owner(s) 1. Legal owners will be as identified by assisted by INGO to DC in the organize legal process of CCL payment and/or recognized by court in cases of legal disputes. 1. Replacement Value (RV) of land. 2. Dislocation BDT 200 (two hundred) per decimal but the total amount will not exceed BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand) for each owner. 3. A plot in the residential or commercial area of the resettlement site (RS) for the homestead or commercial land losers respectively. 1. PVAC will recommend RV. 2. DC will pay CCL for the land. 3. If RV is higher than CCL, the difference will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. 4. Other resettlement benefits will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. 5. AP, upon allocation of an RS plot, will pay the price of the plot to BBA at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS. documents in support of their ownership. 2. INGO will identify loss and entitlement of female owners and cosharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office. Implementation Issues: 1. Affected persons (APs) will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package

55 40 and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM CCL for private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under Section 6 with assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO will encourage and motivate EPs to purchase homestead/ commercial/ community or industrial land or invest the compensation money in productive or income generating activities. 6. The resettlement site plots will be allocated to the deserving households on a 99 years lease basis on payment at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS. Loss Item 3: LOSS OF WATER BODIES (PONDS, BOTH CULTIVATED AND NON-CULTIVATED) Unit of Entitlement Legal owner(s) as identified by DC in the process of CCL payment and/or recognized by court in cases of legal disputes. Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. RV of the water body (private 1. PVAC will recommend 1. Legal owners land). RV of private land. will be assisted 2. Dislocation BDT DC will pay CCL for the by INGO to (one hundred) per decimal for land. organize legal perennial water-body but the total 3. If RV is higher than documents in amount will not exceed BDT CCL, the difference will support of their 20,000/- (twenty thousand) for be paid by BBA with ownership. each owner. assistance from INGO. 2. INGO will 4. Other resettlement identify loss and benefits will be paid by entitlement of BBA with assistance female owners from INGO. and co-sharers through share determination at the field upon receipt of payment data from DC office. Implementation Issues: 1. Land and water body owners or cultivators will be informed of the details of the compensation policy, resettlement package and payment procedure. 2. RV will be determined and approved for the project following the procedure as stated under LOSS ITEM CCL of private and khas land will be determined by DC as stated under LOSS ITEM Title updating for usufruct and other rights will be done before issuance of notice under section 6 with assistance from the INGO. 5. The INGO shall encourage and motivate EPs to consider purchasing water body or investing the compensation monies in productive or income generating activities. Loss Item 4: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Legal owner(s) as identified by DC in the process of CCL payment and/or recognized by court in cases of legal disputes. 1. RV of residential structure. 2. Transfer BDT 7 (seven) per sft of affected structure. 3. Reconstruction BDT 10 (ten) per sft of affected structure. 4. Special Assistance of 1. Applicable to all structures located on the Right of Way (ROW) at cut-off dates. 2. PVAC will recommend the RV of structures. 3. Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will verify and record structures eligible for RV and other assistance. Assistance in relocation and reconstruction.

56 41 one-time payment of BDT 5,000/- (five thousand) for each female, disabled, elderly headed and very poor household. 5. Owner will be allowed to take away all salvageable materials 4. DC will pay CCL for structure and if CCL is less than RV, BBA will pay the difference directly with assistance from INGO. 5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits directly with assistance from INGO. free of cost. Implementation Issues: 1. Joint Verification (DC and BBA) and/or Census will identify (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners. 2. PVAC will recommend replacement value (RV) of structure considering the cost of materials, labour inputs and land development cost at current market rates. Ministry of Communications will approve the RV of structures recommended by PVAC. 3. DC office with assistance from district PWD office will determine the market price of structures and enhance it by 50% for cash compensation under law (CCL). 4. Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 5. The date of service of notice u/s 3 will be the cut-off date for titled owners and BIDS Census will be recognized as the cut-off date for structures not covered by DC. In case of major differences identified between databases, BBA will verify the data through the Inventory Verification Committee (IVC). Loss Item 5: LOSS OF COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL/PCR STRUCTURES WITH TITLE TO LAND Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Legal owners as identified by DC in the process of CCL payment and/or recognized by court in cases of legal disputes. Assistance in relocation and reconstruction. 1. RV of commercial, industrial, PCR structure. 2. Transfer BDT 10 (ten) per sft of affected structure. 3. Reconstruction BDT 15 (fifteen) per sft of affected structure. 4. Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials back free of cost. 1. Applicable to all structures located on ROW at cut-off dates. 2. PVAC will recommend the RV of structures. 3. IVC will verify and record structures eligible for RV and other assistance. 4. DC will pay CCL for structure and if CCL is less than RV, BBA will pay the difference with assistance from INGO. 5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits with assistance from INGO. Implementation Issues: 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved in the process as stated in LOSS ITEM CCL will be determined in the process as stated in LOSS ITEM Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 5. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM 4.

57 42 Loss Item 6: LOSS OF RESIDENTIAL AND OTHER PHYSICAL STRUCTURES (WITHOUT TITLE TO LAND) Unit of entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. Legal owners identified by DC in the process of CCL payment and/or established by court in cases of legal disputes. 2. Socially recognized owners of structures built on the ROW as identified by Census and verified by IVC. 1. RV of structure. 2. Transfer BDT 7 (seven) per sft of affected structure. 3. Reconstruction BDT10 (ten) per sft of affected structure. 4. Special Assistance of a onetime payment of BDT 5,000/- (five thousand) for each female-headed, disabledheaded, elderly-headed and poor household. 5. If landless, the residence losing households will get a homestead plot of 2.5 decimals at RS free of cost. 6. An AP losing a shop will be entitled to purchase a commercial plot at RS at a cost equivalent to CCL. 7. Owner will be allowed to take all salvageable materials free of cost. 1. Applicable to all structures located on ROW at cut-off dates. 2. PVAC will recommend the RV of structures. 3. IVC will verify and record structures eligible for RV/ other assistance and the landlessness of residence losing households for allocation of RS plot. 4. DC will pay CCL for structure to legal owners and if CCL is less than RV, or there is no CCL (for socially recognized owners), BBA will pay the difference or the RV directly with assistance from INGO. 5. BBA will provide other resettlement benefits directly with assistance from INGO. 6. AP, upon allocation of a commercial plot at RS, will pay the price of the plot to BBA at the rate of CCL of the land acquired for the RS. Plot in the resettlement site will be provided for residential and commercial structure losers, and assistance in relocation. Implementation Issues 1. Joint Verification identifies (records floor areas and category) structure for titled owners and Census identifies structure for non-titled owners. 2. Replacement value (RV) of structure will be determined and approved as stated in LOSS ITEM Compensation must be paid before EP dismantles and removes the structures as per civil works requirement. 4. The cut-off dates for titled owners and socially recognized owners as stated in LOSS ITEM The homestead losers will produce documentary evidence and the BBA through IVC will cross verify the landlessness of the homestead losers for allocation of an RS plot for free. 6. Residential sites plots in the settlement sites will be allocated to the landless households on a 99 years lease basis in the name of both spouses. In case of single parent household, the household head irrespective of gender will get the allocation. Loss Item 7: LOSS OF TIMBER AND FRUIT BEARING TREES, BAMBOO AND BANANA GROVES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines 1. Legal owner(s) as 1. Timber trees and bamboo: RV identified by the of trees and bamboo. DC in the process 2. Fruit-bearing trees without of CCL payment timber: if the tree is at or near and/or recognized fruit-bearing stage, the by court in cases estimated current market value 1. Applicable to all trees and plants located on ROW at cut-off dates. 2. DC will pay CCL as applicable for Additional Services INGO to explain RAP policies regarding compensation for the trees of different categories and size and make the EPs

58 43 of legal disputes 2. Socially recognized owners of trees grown on public or other land, as identified by Census and verified by the IVC. of the fruit. 3. Fruit-bearing trees with timber: RV for the timber, and estimated current market value of fruit. 4. Banana groves: RV of all trees and estimated current value of one-time crop of each fullgrown tree 5. Owners will be allowed to fell trees and take the timber, free of cost after payment of CCL or RV as applicable. trees/plants. 3. If CCL is less than RV or there is no CCL (for socially recognized owners), the difference or RV of different species of trees will directly be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. 4. PVAC will recommend RV of trees and fruits. aware that they could take the timber and fruits free of cost. Implementation Issues: 1. Standard rates for trees of different species available with the Department of Forestry will be considered by PVAC in calculating the RV. 2. DCs will determine the market price of trees with assistance from district Department of Forest and enhance it by 50% to fix compensation under law (CCL). 3. The INGO will provide guidance in plantation and post-plantation care. Loss Item 8: LOSS OF STANDING CROPS/FISH STOCK Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Owner cultivators as 1. RV of standing identified in joint crops/fish stock. verification by DC 2. Owners will be and BBA allowed to harvest crops and fish stock. 1. Applicable for all crops/fish stock standing on land/pond within ROW at the time of dispossession. 2. DC will pay CCL for crops/fish stock. 3. BBA will pay the difference directly with assistance from INGO if CCL is less than RV. 4. PVAC will recommend RV of crops/fish stock at harvest. INGO will assist APs in the process of claiming compensation from DC offices for organizing necessary documents. Implementation Issues: 1. RV of crops/fish stock will be recommended by PVAC (based on data obtained from district agriculture extension office and district marketing officer) for those identified through joint (DC/BBA) on-site verification before taking over land. 2. DCs will determine the market price of crops with assistance from district Department of Agriculture Extension and District Agriculture Marketing Officer and market price of fish with assistance from district fisheries officer. Loss Item 9: LOSS OF LEASED /MORTGAGED IN LAND/PONDS Unit of Entitlement 1. Leaseholder with legal papers. 2. Socially recognized lessee or sharecropper, in case of Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. RV of crops/fish 1. With legal agreement: Legal owner 1. INGO will stock. and mortgagee/ leaseholder will be assist in 2. Outstanding lease paid CCL by DC in accordance with ensuring that money back to the the law. the lessee lessee by the owner 2. With customary tenancy agreements, receives all as per agreement. including socially-recognized verbal eligible 3. Dislocation agreements: Legal owner will receive payments. BDT CCL from DC. The legal owner will 2. INGO will

59 44 customary informal tenancy arrangements, including socially recognized agreements. 100 (one hundred) per decimal for actual cultivator to cover the income loss from the land, but the total amout will not exceed BDT 5,000/- (five thousand). pay the outstanding liabilities to the lessee/mortgagee. Under the following conditions: (i) all contractual liabilities are already paid up; (ii) if not, the legal owner will get the residual payment after all liabilities are paid up. 3. BBA will ensure RV of crops to the cultivator with direct payment of the difference, if CCL is less than RV, with assistance from INGO. 4. Dislocation Allowance will be paid to the actual cultivator of the acquired land by BBA with assistance from INGO. mediate refund of outstanding lease money by the owner to the lessees. Implementation Issues: 1. JVT will identify each land owner and any persons who presently have interest in the acquired land due to mortgage, lease or khai-khalashi right. 2. Any disputes over status of present interest in the land will be resolved through grievance redress procedure. Once resolved, INGO will assist in processing payments of all outstanding liabilities on the land to the appropriate persons. 3. Dislocation Allowance to cover loss of income will be paid to the tenant as per project-specific policy provisions. 4. IVC will verify and confirm socially recognized lessees for identification. Loss Item 10: LOSS OF INCOME FROM DISPLACED COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL PREMISES (OWNER OPERATED) Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Any proprietor or businessman or artisan operating in premises, at the time of issuance of Notice u/s 3 or during BIDS Census. Implementation Issues: 1. Grant for Loss of 5% of DC s payment for the structure. 2. One time Moving Assistance of BDT 5,000 (five thousand) for tenants. 3. A commercial plot of 80 sft in the resettlement site at cost equivalent to CCL. 1. Business owners will be paid the entitlements after award of compensation by DC to the owner of premises. 2. BBA will directly pay the entitlement to the eligible affected persons with assistance from INGO. 3. Price of commercial plots to be paid by AP to BBA will be at the rate of CCL for the land acquired for the RS. EPs will be brought under income generating program. 1. Primary eligibility to be based on businessmen identified by BIDS Census and /or DC/BBA joint verification. 2. IVC will verify eligibilities not covered by joint verification. 3. All the business operators will be entitled for grant against loss of business and a commercial plot at resettlement site. However, one time moving assistance will be provided to only the tenants. 4. The income-generating program will be implemented engaging an NGO experienced in rehabilitation and livelihood generation activities for the poor.

60 45 Loss Item 11: TEMPORARY LOSS OF INCOME (WAGE EARNERS IN AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE & SMALL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY) Unit of Entitlement Regular wage earners affected by the acquisition. Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. Grant to cover temporary loss of regular wage BDT 220 X 90 days for farm BDT 220 X 60 days for non-farm BDT 300 X 60 days for skilled non- farm labour. 2. Female-headed households, disabled, elderly and extremely poor to be paid a one-time grant BDT 5,000 (five thousand) as Special Assistance. 3. Income and livelihood restoration assistance from Social Development Fund, to be created by the Project. 1. EP must have been an employee of landowner or business located in the acquired lands for at least twelve months, as identified by Joint Verification and/or BIDS Census. 2. The needs of vulnerable groups will be assessed. 3. The resettlement benefits will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. 1. EPs will be brought under income generating program. 2. Involvement of qualified APs in construction work. 3. Involvement of qualified APs in tree plantation and social aforestation. Implementation Issues: Primary eligibility to be based on wage earners identified by BIDS Census and/or Joint Verification. Further claims and grievances, if any, will be settled by the grievance redress committee. Loss Item 12: LOSS OF INCOME FROM RENTED -OUT AND RENTED-IN RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL PREMISES Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services 1. Owner of the rentedout premises as identified by Census and verified by IVC. 2. Household rented-in any such structure as identified by Census and verified by IVC. Dislocation Allowance of BDT 4,000 for loss of income from rentedout and rented-in structures. Dislocation Allowance will be paid by BBA with assistance from INGO. EPs will be brought under income generating program. Implementation Issues: BIDS Census or Joint Verification will identify the owner and renter of the residential and commercial premises duly verified by IVC.

61 46 Loss Item 13: ADVERSE IMPACT ON HOST POPULATION DUE TO RELOCATION OF APS Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Households relocated Enhancement of BBA will assess the to the host villages carrying capacity of needs and develop common civic facilities at host amenities/utilities of areas. the host communities as per assessment by BBA. Additional Services 1. Investment in the host area to improve health, education, and other public services. 2. Afforestation in the host area. Implementation Issues Community needs for enhancement of common facilities in host areas will be assessed through a needs assessment survey. Loss Item 14: HOUSEHOLDS LOSING MORE THAN 10% OF THEIR INCOME (FROM AGRICULTURE OR BUSINESS) DUE TO THE PROJECT Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Persons losing more 1. One time 1. The one time than 10% of their Dislocation Dislocation income from all BDT Allowance will be sources as identified 4,000/- per paid by BBA with by Census and household. assistance from verified by IVC. 2. Skill training and Implementation Issues: credit under generation program. support income INGO. 2. Income generation program will be implemented engaging an NGO. Additional Services EPs will be brought under income generating program. 1. Loss of income will be assessed as per actual loss of productive resources (land and businesses) to the project and the total income of the affected households from all sources through Census of all affected households. 2. IVC will verify the percentage of loss comparing the actual loss and the total income from all sources of the affected households. 3. Households turning into landless due to acquisition of agricultural land will be eligible for larger credit from the social development fund for longer duration. Loss Item 15: UNFORESEEN ADVERSE IMPACTS Unit of Entitlement Entitlements Application Guidelines Additional Services Households or Entitlements will be The unforeseen impacts will be As appropriate persons affected by determined as per identified through special survey any unforeseen the resettlement by the IVC as per request from impact identified policy framework impacted population. The

62 47 during implementation of the RAP- II entitlements will be approved by the MOC and concurred by the Co-financiers Implementation Issues: The unforeseen impacts and affected persons will be identified with due care as per policy framework and proposed to the MOC and the co-financiers for approval including quantity of losses, their owners and the entitlements.

63 48 CHAPTER 6 RELOCATION, SITE DEVELOPMENT AND RESETTLEMENT 6.1 Displacement and Relocation 141. All necessary efforts have been made so as to minimize the Project impacts and to reduce impacts on assets and disruption of livelihood. In order to minimize impacts to the maximum possible extent, adequate provisions have been incorporated into the planning and design of the Project to minimize or mitigate any unavoidable impacts. Technical and Social team has worked closely to reduce the social impacts of the Project by means of both design adaptation and innovative technical solutions. As a result the displacement impact has been reduced as far as possible. The realignment of the corridors on the Janjira side has led to avoidance of impact on a total of 7 villages, which were earlier getting displaced by the Project construction While all efforts have been made to reduce the adverse impacts of the Project as far as possible, a total of 1,579 structure will still be severely affected leading to the displacement of 1,321 households as a result of the construction of Main bridge, approach road, toll plaza and service area. Out of the 1579 affected structures, the highest number of structures affected are the residential structures (1262 structures), followed by 204 commercial structures and 59 Residential cum Commercial Structure. In addition, a total of 27 households would incur impact on other structures such as wall/fences, tubewells and latrines Apart from the 1525 private structures requiring relocation, a total of 31 community structures including physical cultural resources (PCR) would also be displaced as a result of the Project. These PCRs/community establishmens mainly comprise of 14 mosques, 1 school, 1 madrasa, 10 clubs, 3 mazars, 1 graveyard and 1 bank which will be adversely affected and need to be relocated. Table 6.1 below provides the districtwise distribution of affected structures. Table 6.1 District wise Distribution of Affected Structures (including PCRs) District No. of Affected Structures Madaripur 260 Shariatpur 574 Munshiganj 745 Grand Total 1579 Source: BIDS, Census Survey, September Social Preparation for Relocation and Resettlement 144. The scale and extent of displacement and relocation became clearer during the feasibility study in As a result, the feasibility study team looked at the existing settlement patterns, and involved potential resettlers and host populations in the discussion in understanding their choices or options for relocation as well as the selection of sites both in Mawa and Janjira. In village level PRA/workshops, the Jamuna experience, particularly the good practices introduced by the Jamuna for example, (i) project-sponsored resettlement site, (ii) self-managed resettlement by the affected people (with full assistance from the project), (iii) host area benefits, and (iv) livelihood programs in post-relocation period were discussed for informed choices by the affected households A group of some 40 community/village level leaders, opinion-makers, elected officials and affected persons were also taken to the Jamuna resettlement sites for a day long trip to consult the resettlers in Bhuapur and Sirajganj. The outcome of this trip helped in shaping up the various options and alternatives in designing the resettlement plan and strategies for relocation of the displaced households.

64 It also became evident during village-level meetings and discussions that the affected households prefer to remain with and/or in close proximity to their original samaj. The samaj is a patron-based traditional social organization of kin and/or non-kin members. It is an informal but important local community typically led by a village elder or matabbar (socially recognized leader). The samaj, which performs religious, ritual, ceremonial and adjudicative functions at the village level, displays a strong sense of solidarity among its members and thus works as a mutual aid group in crisis and disasters, particularly in adjustments to erosion displacement. Displaced samaj members receive assistance in the form of free use of land (owned by relatives or samaj members) for reconstruction of houses and settlement in the floodplain villages (refer to nodibashi or uthuli households in Mawa and Janjira side). The choices concerning relocation and site selection was largely influenced by samaj consideration, particularly in Janjira side During consultations with the displaced families, some of the major concerns voiced and challenges identified comprised of decrease in income opportunities, decrease in agricultural land, increase in landlessness, and scarcity of land for permanent relocation sites. Inadequacy of compensation for purchase of equivalent amount of land and decrease in income opportunities were the most prominent issues affecting relocation choices. All these issues have been addressed while working out the relocation strategy in the RAP. 6.3 Preferred Option for Relocation 148. More than 50% of the displaced households preferred self-relocation with assistance from the project. About 26% opted for relocation in developed resettlement sites provided by the government whereas only a small proportion of the displaced households (7% households) prefer group relocation for them (See Table 6.2). It is useful to note that it s mostly the displaced households in Janjira who prefer self-relocation, in comparison Munshiganj. In Munshiganj, 27% of those getting displaced have opted for Project-developed resettlement sites for their relocation and 26% reported no option. Name of District Table 6.2: Relocation Preferences of the Displaced Households Type of Relocation Self-relocation with In small-groups Project-developed No option Total project help with project help resettlement sites No. % No. % No. % No. % No. Madaripur Shariatpur Munshiganj Total Source: BIDS, Census Survey, Jul-Aug 2009 and Feb Self-Managed Resettlement by Affected Households 149. The self-managed resettlement could be on their own land in same village or in nearby villages; through purchase of new land for housing and resettlement elsewhere. A total of 51% of affected households preferred to self-relocate themselves in the same or nearby villages after receiving all eligible benefits as per the policy framework and entitlement matrix. In most cases, they would need to develop the new land by filling it about 3-4 meters as the nearby areas, in most cases, are predominantly low-lying. Provision to assist the families for undertaking these tasks (land-filling) has already been included in Resettlement assistance. It is anticipated that the self-managed relocation strategy would limit social disruption by allowing the displaced families to stay around their own social kin groups as per their own choice.

65 Small Group Resettlement 150. The displaced households in groups of families, typically related to kin or other social groups, will be encouraged to resettle in cluster in nearby (host) villages. This is another form of selfrelocation enabling the affected families to remain together for mutual self-help. The preference for this kind of small group resettlement has been voiced by a total of 7% of the displaced households In keeping with the same, the project will provide additional support to these families and host villages (in which the small group would be relocated) in the form of additional civic amenities (such as provision of arsenic free tube-well and sanitation, development of road, additional rooms and spaces in mosques, schools, clinics in the host area etc. and others) so as to enhance the carrying capacity of these host villages and improve settlers-hosts relationship in these host villages Relocation to Project-Sponsored Sites 152. As per stated options by the affected households in the BIDS Census Survey 26% (407 households) of the affected households and busineses preferred to be relocated in Project developed resettlement sites requiring only 20% of the RS plots (total 2024 plots in 4 RSs). It is important to note that these displaced households largely comprise of squatters or informal settlers and members of vulnerable groups (female headed households, households with disabled family members) mainly landless, who may not succeed in resettling themselves on their own. Hence they have preferred project-sponsored relocation over self-relocation In keeping with the same, residential and commercial plots (as appropriate) in Projectdeveloped resettlement sites will be allocated to these displaced households as per the entitlement matrix. In order to ensure resettlement these 407 households, a total of four resettlement sites, two in the right bank and two in the left bank of Padma, have been under development. These sites necessitated acquisition and ensuing resettlement impacts. As a result, a separate RAP (i.e. RAP I) has been prepared for the same Displaced persons receiving allotments of plots in the Resettlement Sites will pay lease money determined by BBA and bear the cost of stamp duty and registration fee (reimbursable later from project) for titling. A lease deed for 99 years will be registered in the joint names of the husband and the wife in case of couples and in the name of household head in case of single parents. On divorce/separation/death of husband, the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife in case of plots registered jointly with husband and wife. In case of the wife dies, the husband will be the sole owner of the plot. The lease deeds will specifically ensure these conditions Families belonging to same kin group (gusthi) will be allowed to relocate in cluster in the resettlement sites. Interested women entrepreneurs will be given preference in allotment of commercial plots in the resettlement sites. Members of Association of the Women Entrepreneurs will be privileged in distribution of these plots. The women will be organizing cottage-type industry and marketing of the homemade products to generate employment and income for them as well as other women residing in the RS. Few plots will be kept for organizing community level livestock raising in a large sheds. 6.4 Resettlement Site Selection and Development Participation and Site Development 156. Resettlement site (RS) selection preceded extensive community consultations in Mawa and Janjira. All 4 sites were identified and selected in keeping with the principle of minimization of further displacement due to site development. Further, the issues of proximity, social networks, and employment opportunities have also been considered while selecting these sites. The displaced households will be given the choice to choose the nearest site to maintain their current social ties and networks.

66 51 Table 6.3 Potential Migration of APs at Resettlement Sites River side Mawa Resettlement Sites RS-2: Jashaldia RS-3: Kumarbhog Location of Displaced Households and Businesses Kabutarkhola, Jasaldia, Kandipara and Medini Mandol (partial) Medini Mandol, Kumarbog and Construction Site Likely Migration of RAP- II APs Affected households from Mawa RTW Affected households and businesses from the approach road and RTW Janjira RS-4 West Nawdoba RS-5 Bakhorkandi Kathalbari, Charchandra, Baghia, Kutubpur, West Nawdoba, Diara Nawdova, Nawdova, Korali, Painpara Panch Char, Char Roghunathpur, Bakhorerkandi, Kathalbari, Char Janajat, Baghia, Boro Keshobpur, Kutubpur Kutubpur, West Nawdoba, Naodoba affected by Approach roads and RTW Bakhorerkandi, Char Janajat, Boro Keshobpur, Kutubpur affected by Approach Roads and RTW Site-specific plans for the four sites have been revised and finalized, based on consultations with the affected households and communities. In all, the four sites have provisions for 1,944 housing plots and 80 commercial plots for shops and small businesses. The layout and design of the sites has already been disclosed to the affected communities through community consultation meetings for their inputs. The sites are currently in the process of development and expected to be ready by Sept 2010 for relocation of the displaced households. All civic amenities for example, access road, power, water, drainage etc. would be provided prior to moving people to these sites. The physical cultural resources like school, mosque/temple, and community centers will also be built in each of the five sites. A sample layout and design of the Resettlement site is illustrated in Figure 6.1. Figure 6.1 Sample layout and design of the Resettlement site

67 Plot Sizes and Allocation 158. Three categories of plot sizes namely A. 2.5 dec; B. 5.0 dec, and C. 7.5 dec have been designed. Broad principle has been established (as detailed in Table 6.4 below) for allotment of the same, which will be further refined during implementation: Table 6.4 Principle for Allotment of Household plots Category Plot Size Category A 2.5 decimal Category B 5.0 decimal Category C 7.5 decimal Commercial Plots 345 sqm Principle for Allotment This category is for landless, squatters, and uthulis displaced by the project ROW. APs receiving allotments of 2.5 decimal size plots will receive it free of cost. They will only bear the cost of registration. The registration of the plot will be in the joint names of the husband and wife or only women in case of female headed households. On divorce/separation/death of husband the ownership will automatically be vested to the wife. Affected households losing their homestead and structures due to land acquisition for the project will be entitled to 5.0 decimal plots. They will pay a modest price for the plot and bear the registration cost. They will bear full cost of stamp duty and registration fee admissible under the compensation package for the registration of the plots. Affected households losing large homestead land (20 dec or more) or have two or more married sons living with the head of households will be entitled for getting 7.5 decimal land under the same conditions explained in B herein above. Affected households losing businesses (poor and vulnerable) will be provided with commercial plots of 345 sqm to build shops on their own in the resettlement sites Each of the affected households will be allowed to build their own house rather than be supplied with pre-built shelter. Each plot will be marked and developed by BBA for handing over and re-construction. A system of lottery will be used in presence of the resettlers for distribution of plots under each category to avoid and favor or dispute. Table 6.5 presents distribution of plots by size and site to be available once the site development is complete. Table 6.5 Plot Size Distribution by Site and Category Residential Plots (No.) Commercial Plots Resettlement Sites Category A Category B Category C (No.) for Shops Sq m Sq m Sq m Total Total (No.) 15 Sq m RS-II RS-III RS-IV RS-V Total Source: DDC, PMBP, Layout Plans of Resettlement Sites, 20 January Affected businesses will get commercial plots in the nearest resettlement sites to re-establish their businesses. Since the sites are located nearby, they may not lose their business or clients significantly. Further, the RS will have several hundred families who will further act as their captive

68 53 customers. Like the homestead losers, no business loser will be allowed to have more than one plot irrespective of quantum of loss In each RS, there are provisions for open spaces that may be used by floating/temporary traders or for celebration of occasions such as village fair to celebrate new year or other seasonal or national holidays or even temporary cattle markets on the wake of Eid Ul Azha. In all the cases, BBA will lease out the places under agreements vetted by the districts administrations. 6.5 Host Community Facilities 162. The resettlement strategies in this project preclude any resettlers-hosts conflict since the households will largely remain within the same general area of the existing villages and thus will continue to maintain their pre-project social ties and networks. RAP I will provide infrastructure facilities to enhance the carrying capacity of the host villages where more than 25 families will resettle in small-groups. It is expected that these facilities will help strengthen the mutual relation with the host villagers and resettlers. Therefore, no conflict or tension between the host village and resettlers is anticipated. The requirements of the host villages to enhance the carrying capacity will be identified by the RU and implementing NGO in consultation with the communities and the RAC at the time of implementation. If necessary, BBA and implementing NGO will conduct meetings with host communities in post-resettlement period to establish a good host-resettlers relationship. The public amenities to be constructed in host villages will further lead to congenial atmosphere amongst them. 6.6 Gender Planning and other vulnerable groups 163. Gender and vulnerability are particular issues in instances of development-induced displacements. Women are particularly impacted due to land acquisition in the project due to their low level of awareness, lack of access to information, and low levels of training and education. Displacement from housing and dislocation in livelihood resources may put additional burden on them. There is hence potential risk of women being deprived of their due share of compensation to parental land being acquired under the project. There is also possibility of reduced access by women to replaced assets and regenerated livelihood resources In consideration of the above context, the policy framework adopted in this RAP specifies that vulnerable groups will enjoy special attention in planning and implementation of the RAP. Vulnerable groups are those likely to be particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of acquisition and resettlement, more prominently poor female-headed households, disabled headed households and those households under the absolute poverty line. The RAP has special provisions for the project affected women and vulnerable groups to meet their needs and support their means of subsistence: for example, (i) provision for additional shifting allowance for female headed households; (ii) income and livelihood restoration allowance for loss of income or employment; and (iii) roadside tree plantation as an alternative income generating program Women interest will be further safeguarded in allocation of resettlement site plots (residential and commercial), identification of affected persons in jointly owned plots and payment of resettlement cash entitlements. A Gender Action Plan has also been prepared for safeguarding the interest of the women in the resettlement process Physical Cultural Resources 166. In RAP II, as per the BIDS survey, the total numbers of affected common property resources (CPRs) are 30 (see Annex IX). The list for example, includes graves (kabor) on homestead or private land. These are not graveyard for community use, which are registered wakf (community) property. In all such cases, the graves (see Photo 1- grave on homestead land) belonging to the owner(s) of the homestead plot or private land have received notifications for compensation by the DC. Second, there are instances of temporary mosques (locally called waktia mosque) on private land, where family members as well as immediate neighbors pray five times a day (see Photo 2- temporary mosque). No Juma (Friday) prayer is held in these temporary mosques. These are 56 Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project, Gender Action Plan, October 2009

69 54 considered as individual private property; and the DC offices have included such temporary mosques as private structure eligible for payments to owners, because this type of mosques is not registered community property that qualifies as cultural resources and vested with wakf administrator in the country. Third, the list also include social clubs (for example, youth society, cooperative society, private unregistered informal institution such as religious school), which are on private land and treated as private property.in sum, these categories of structures listed do not stand the test of PCR as community resources. In sum, many on the list do not stand the test of PCR as defined by WB OP 4.11 (i.e., PCRs are defined moveable and immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, histrorical, architectural, religious, aesthetic or other cultural significance, para 1). A family grave marked by bamboo A wakatia Mosque Kumerbhog Mosque 167. The Kumarbogh Jamey Mosque (see Photo 3) and and a shrine (locally called mazar) may be considered PCRs under RAP II (see Table 6.6) Table 6.6 Screening CPRs for Identification of PCRs Sl.No. Type of structure No of Background description Structure 1. Private school/ 2 One is a private elementary school operated for profit earning. The other madrasa is a residential house for students of a Madrasa 2. Temporary 12 Residents in a cluster of settlement (part of a village) constructed these mosques temporary mosques for their daily prayers. Private land is voluntarily allowed for construction of such structure for use by the surrounding residents. The structure is constructed under joint contribution or sometimes by a rich person. These structures are considered part of a household and the land owners are known to receive compensation as a Status as PCR No No

70 55 Sl.No. Type of structure No of Background description Structure private owner. 3. Mazar 1 Shrine of a local fakir Sufi known as Gaus Mastan. Local Muslims visit the shrine (mazar). 4. Graves 2 These are graves of family members buried on family land. The graves or kabor are placed within the courtyard of the households. 4. Club/Society 11 These are structures built on roadside public and sometimee private land, often for profits and social status. The communities do not have open access to these structures. 5. Jamey Mosque 2 Structures of these two mosques are constructed on community owned land (registered in the name of the mosques). The residents of the village (or a number of surrounding villages) are responsible for development, operation and maintenance of the structures and the activities there. A committee represents the community and the access to the mosques is open to all Muslim community beyond the local community. Status as PCR Yes No No Yes Kumarbogh Mosque 168. The Kumarbogh mosque lies to the east of the main approach to the bridge in Mawa side (see Photo Kumarbogh Jame Mosque). This mosque stands near the Junction of Dhaka Mawa Highway and Lohajang- Mawa Ferry Ghat road to the East of the so called zero point. It is the biggest Mosque that has fallen in the acquired land which is of 75 X50, two storied, standing on area of approximately 1.40 acres, and can accommodate 700 to 800 devotees on the Juma day. This is also a registered wakf property and the land, including the graveyard is recorded in the name of the mosque. The compensation assessed by DC for the mosque, graveyard and tree is Taka 50 Lakh. The detailed design team is working to avoid the mosque by adjusting the approach road and rail road viaducts.in the case of impacts of the bridge project on the mosque, BBA will undertake community consultation to determine all relocation arrangements and reconstruction of the PCRs in accordance with the resettlement policy guidelines. The mosque will be rebuilt at alternative sites selected by the community. Further, access road to the new mosque site and other associated facilities such as power, water supply etc. will be provided at project costs. While INGO will facilitate the process, BBA will coordinate site selection, design and estimate, site development and reconstruction. Authorized representative of the mosque for example, the head of the management committees of the mosque will be directly involved in the process in formal agreement with the community members. The compensation will be used for procurement of land at selected site and the construction will be undertaken by BBA by means of deployment of construction contractors through competitive bidding or through the community. The community members under the leadership of the head of management committee will supervise the construction of the PCRs with assistance from the BBA field engineers. 6.8 CEMP and Public Health Action Plan 169. A Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) 57 has been prepared taking into account the community inputs with regard to environment management and enhancement in the resettlement sites. Specific recommendations of the Public Health Action Plan 58 will be implemented for both the resettlers and residents of project area. However, relocated families in the resettlement sites will be facilitated for good sanitation and drainage, and encouraged to use improved cook stove (ICS) for less consumption of fuel and less emission of carbon. 57 CEMP, Padma Bridge, 13 th October Public Heath Action Plan, 28 th October, 2009

71 56 CHAPTER 7 INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PROGRAM (ILRP) 170. Change in land-use pattern, as a result of infrastructure development projects, often leads to adverse impacts on the assets and livelihood resources of the project affected communities. Restoration of income of those affected to pre-project level is thus one of the most important tasks in resettlement management. The RAP has provisions for alternative income generating/skill development and other enabling strategies through which APs can either continue their previous occupation or can start new venture or undertake an alternative occupation. The basic objective behind the income and livelihood restoration activities and schemes is to restore the economic status of the affected persons enjoyed prior to the project, which also complies with the co-financiers safeguard policies on involuntary resettlement. 7.1 Impacts on Income 171. Affected persons will experience loss of livelihood sources mainly due to loss of shops/commercial enterprises and agricultural fields. In addition, wage earners such as employees in shops and businesses and those working on the affected agriculture fields will also incur impact on their income and thus have also been included in this income and livelihood restoration plan. A total of 2,863 such households will experience direct and indirect impact on their income (See Table 7.1). From among the AHs, 1,007 persons will experience temporary loss of wage income due to dislocation and losse of employment due to acquisition of business premises. Table 7.1: Types of Income impacts on Affected Households Type of loss No. of AHs Losing more than 10% of income due to land acquisition 1,338 Loss by dislocation of house and commercial establishment 1,525 Total number of AHs 2,863 Loss of wages and employment 1,007 Grand Total 3,870 Source: ADB PPTA LARP 2006 and BIDS census, Jul-Aug 09 and Feb Livelihood means and resources in the project-affected area of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project include land (agricultural land and fish ponds), transportation in roads and waterways, and commercial and businesses activities. People engaged in commercial and business activities include traders, transporters, hawkers, and ferry/boat operators; and those engaged in agricultural activities include farmers, sharecroppers and agricultural laborers. Women are involved in poultry/cattle raising and naksi (embroidary) work for cash income. 7.2 Approach Towards Income and Livelihood Restoration 173. The main objective of income and livelihood restoration program is to improve or, atleast restore, the livelihood of all displaced person. The Plan recognizes diminishing income and dislocation of livelihoods during and after relocation. As a result, in addition to providing compensation and resettlement benefits, appropriate support measures have been included for income and livelihood restoration of those affected. The project will adopt two-fold approach for ILRP. To begin with there will be short-term livelihood restoration followed by a long term input The RAP also recognizes the time needed for social absorption of the affected population in the new social and economic settings (of the RS). In keeping with the same, income and livelihood restoration efforts will be extended to those affected in form of both short-term support and long-term program to achieve sustainable livelihood for affected households. Table 7.2 give details of various activities being anticipated which will help affected HH to either improve or atleast restore their livelihood.

72 57 Table 7.2: Details of Anticipated Income & Livelihood Restoration Options for AHs Income & Livelihood Restoration Options Income Restoration Options for the Affected Households In No. In %age Tenant Farming/Cash crop cultivation 1, Fish Cultivation Fishing Boat Operation (engine boat by groups) 57 2 Nakshi Internet Café (at service area) 29 1 Poultry/Cattle Raising Horticulture/vegetable cultivation Skill based occupation Entrepreneurship Total Source: ADB PPTA 2006 and BIDS Census Survey 2009/ The feasibility of the above options was verified through various studies conducted during ADB PPTA 2006 and most recent survey undertaken by BIDS in 2009/2010. The survey s brought forth that the above options are quite viable as necessary skills exists amongst the affected HH to undertake these activities as well as there is assured market exist for the same. However, during implementation detailed business plans will be made for each activity to further establish its viability and sustainability Short-term Income and Livelihood Restoration Measures 176. All the persons losing their livelihood resources or places of generating income as a result of the Project will be supported with short-term income and livelihood restoration assistance for subsistence during the transitional period. These short-term income and livelihood restoration measures will be for immediate assistance and include the following measures: Compensation for land and other lost assets is paid in full prior to relocation. Temporary or short-term employment in construction activities at the resettlement or project construction sites; and Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and the disabled In addition to the above, the RAP will provide the following short-term assistance for income and livelihood restoration through BBA with assistance from the implementing NGO: A. Cash Assistance to Support Lost Income 178. APs, including those experiencing indirect impacts, will be eligible for assistance for loss of employment/workdays (wage earners) owing to dislocation and relocation. One-time cash grant for a certain number of days will be paid to all such eligible APs. It is expected that the APs would be able to recover their losses and/or find alternative employment within this period. Following are the specific measures in the form of entitlements of APs to support their lost income: Affected unskilled farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 19,800 calculated for 90 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day.

73 58 Affected unskilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 13,200 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 220 per person per day. Affected skilled non-farm labourers will get a sum of BDT 18,000 calculated for 60 days wage at the rate of BDT 300 per person per day. Owners of residential and commercial premises will be entitled for an additional one-time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per owner for loss of rental income from structures. Persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time dislocation allowance of BDT 4,000 per person. B. Assistance to re-establish business/enterprises 179. All owners of affected businesses will receive cash compensation and cash grant for loss of business premises plus shifting or moving allowance. This assistance is intended to help them reestablish their enterprises in new locations. All APs are likely to continue their previous occupations and commercial activities in new relocated site. In addition, commercial plots will be allotted to the some of the intending business-losers in project sponsored resettlement sites on lease basis to reestablish affected businesses. Project assistance to re-establish business/enterprises in the shortterm are the following: Replacement value of structure at current market price at the time of dispossession along with the salvaged structure materials. One time cash BDT 10 per sft of structures for titled owners BDT 7 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for shifting the salvaged structure materials to new alternatibe locations. One time cash BDT 15 per sft of structures for titled owners BDT 10 per sft of structures for non-titled owners for reconstruction of structures at new alternatibe locations. One time cash grant to each business proprioter in owned structure for loss of 5% of the compensation for structure received from DC. One time moving assistance of BDT 5,000 for each proprietor of business in rented in structures. C. Special Assistance for Vulnerable Groups 180. Both the co-financier safeguard policies and good resettlement practices in Bangladesh stress on the need for special attention to vulnerable groups (female-headed, elderly-headed, disabled-heaeded and poor households) during implementation of resettlement program so that resettlement acts as an opportunity which enables improvement of their socio-economic status. Since vulnerable groups are at risk of becoming particularly disadvantaged as a consequence of involuntary resettlement, special assistance would be provided to them to assist in their rehabilitation. One time special assistance of BDT 5,000 for each vulnerable household affected by the project. Landless vulnerable households will be offered one residential plot each in the project designated resettlement sites free of cost. D. Employment in Construction work 181. The Project construction activities will require many unskilled laborers and skilled staff for earthwork in embankment and construction of bridge, approach road, offices and management work for a period of about 3 years. BBA will make provision in the contract with the contractors for

74 59 employment of qualified APs and their dependents in the recruitment of local labor, including affected women. Employment in the project construction will act as an added source of income in the income and livelihood restoration processes of APs The ILRP implementing NGO will prepare a list of all capable women workers (from amongst the affected households) and provide the same to local contractors through BBA. The supervision/ management consultants shall also monitor this through monthly statements of number of labor employed from the affected people Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will get preference in jobs associated with the project construction. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the APs on a preferential basis. E. Roadside Plantation and Social Forestry 184. Huge plantation work will be required to develop the resettlement sites, approach roadsids, interior road, guide bund aprons, service areas and other facilities of the bridge infrastructure. These are the tested areas for employment of the rural destitute women by NGOs and the DOF of the government. Affected women, who are particularly vulnerable, will be employed to these jobs BBA, with the help of NGOs, will organize plantation programs by engaging affected women and other vulnerable groups from the local poor of human resources prefereably the affected population. Selection of tree species, design, plan, and other technical support (for example, training) for roadside plantation will be as per Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Community Enviromental Management Plan (CEMP) involving BBA and other appropriate agencies, including Departments of Forestry/Environment of GoB Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan 186. Long-term income & livelihood restoration plan (ILRP) for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10 years. This is a post relocation intervention for sustainable livelihood program. Under the guidance of a national level NGO, local NGOs will be involved for fostering the ILRP activities among the deserving project affected persons. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries (TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities The long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan will be developed for the following categories of project-affected people, eligible as Target Group Beneficiaries (TGBs): 1) Eligible members 59 of poor 60 and other vulnerable (women and disabled person headed) households to be relocated as a result of Project construction; 2) Poor households or the employees and daily wage earners of the diminished businesses or their nominated representatives; 3) Poor households losing access to agriculture land including sharecropper, and leaseholders; 4) Poor households losing access to commercial land including business proprietorship; 5) Poor households losing more than 10% of their regular income due to acquisition and execution of the project; 6) Women entrepreneurs and their association to be organized to establish cottage-type activity and marketing network for the rural products In order to ensure smooth implementation of the long-term livelihood restoration plan, a Social Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has been included in 59 Male or female household members between ages 18 to 45 years will be eligible for special assistance under income and livelihood restoration program. 60 Households having income below the national property line (BDT 4800 per household per month) in Bangladesh as on 2006 (estimate by consultant).

75 60 the RAP II budget. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the affected households: Working Capital Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program. Business development services Market Linkages Skill development Women entrepreneurs Collective Enterprises Farm based inputs and extension services. 7.3 Needs Assessment and Feasibility Study for viable income and livelihood restoration options 189. Sustainability of income and livelihood restoration activities depends on local resources, skills, needs and market opportunities. To enable viable livelihood activities, a detailed in-depth Baseline & Needs Assessment Study was conducted for identification of resources and/or opportunities available, present level of occupation, income generation activities, pattern of trading, small business, and other employment opportunities, needs and aspirations of the affected person The main objective of this study was to: Analyze the economic activities of all APs (by gender, age group, education, skills, income, household size, preference, options) so as to assess their needs primarily from census data Identify multiple income and livelihood restoration programs (both individual and group specific) through beneficiary consultation, market and financial feasibility analysis. Explore product-marketing opportunities within and outside the affected area The study made a detailed inventory of all possible options and skills available or which can be developed for income and livelihood restoration. These options and skills are detailed below: Agriculture Development Program: Land acquisition for the project will reduce the farm size of the affected households in the project affected area as replacement land will be scarce. It is further evident from BIDS survey that the displaced persons particularly the affected households losing agricultural land in the south bank (Janjira site) will opt to retain their current occupation in agriculture. However, to cover the gap in agriculture production, the farmers will have to increase productivity to restore the level of income. Diversification of high-value horticultureal and agricultural crops, improved varieties and better marketing may facilitate them increase production. An agriculture development program will, therefore, be worked out to integrate interested affected persons with improved farming and enhanced production. Under the program, a number of agricultural extension workers in close cooperation with the Department of Agriculture Extension will be placed to guide and assist the farmers. The farmers will be provided with agriculture inputs (quality seed, fertilizer, and the like), technology support (soil testing and fertilization planning, crop selection, etc.) and finally short-term credit. Farmers will be trained how to increase their farm incomes through the organization of farmers and demonstration farming Cage Culture and Floating Pond: Padma River at the bridge-end points holds sufficient perennial flow with its adjoining channels and tributaries holding water round the year. This water can be used for fish culture using cage and floating pond by the TGBs without any restriction from any corner (government or private). The target people can catch fish (if not cultivate) as a source of income and livelihood resource. This income activity is widely practiced by the people along the river bank and has been reported very profitable. Nakshi (design in stitches): There is a growing trend of utilizing low cost women labour available in the village in producing handicraft items. Private entrepreneurs, with adequate skills in

76 61 designing, color processing and marketing locally and internationally, are effectively tapping this manpower. Women and girls can earn on average BDT /head/month even along with tending to the domestic chores. The women in the affected households will be organized by providing them with adequate training, technology, marketing facility, financial and organizational support. River Based Activities: The project sites, especially at the bridge endpoints, there are landing stations for river vessels and country boats in addition to the ferry operations. There are also commercial activities especially the fish market at Mawa. When the bridge will be constructed, it is expected that the channel along the guide-bund will remain open perennially at both banks of the river, which opens up the following opportunities for the affected communities: a. Possibility of developing landing stations for boats and inland vessels using the harbor to be used for transportation of construction materials and equipments. b. These can also be used for river cruising using small traditional and speedboats c. Establishing small shops and restaurant along the bank d. Attract tourists and generate employment for anybody interested to do it. Occupational Skill Training: Effective occupational rehabilitation of the APs largely depends upon the trainings they and their family members have received over the past years. The surveys undertaken brought forth that about 25% of the affected persons have undergone training in the past on occupational skills. Trainings received by the PAPs and their family members encompass a wide array of subjects/areas including cattle/goat rearing, poultry raising, beef fattening, driving, primary and other health care, plastic goods manufacturing, banana cultivation, radio/tv repairing, tailoring, sewing/embroidery, Ansar, Village (rural) doctor, family planning, car repairing, fish cultivation, workshop mechanic and carpentry. Most important among them are tailoring (21.2%), poultry (20.2%), Sewing/embroidery (14.1%) driving (12.6%), cattle/goat rearing (7.1%) and radio/tv repairing (6.1%). Such households would be provided with credit support, through MFIs, for setting up their own small enterprises. Tourism development: The project has designed a tourism development site in Janjira with a viewing tower and all tourist amenities on sites to attract national and international visitors to the bridge site. The construction of bridge will provide enormous opportunities for local boat operators for tourism as source of income. Indeed currently the boat operators, particularly the speedboat operators are conduct tourist operations during weekend in the project area. This will be enhanced as an income source for the local affected person willing to undertake this as livelihood restoration program. The scope of tourism will include rips to local chars up and down stream of bridge site which provides a fascinating view of the flood plain and river system In addition to above measures, the GOB is also seriously considering a proposal for comprehensive development of the southwest region. This Master Development Plan includes development of new industries, businesses and urban settlement and is anticipated to create several new opportunities for the affected persons and the local community at large. The construction of the bridge will provide an impetus to the various economic initiatives. 7.4 Institutional Arrangement for ILRP 193. BBA will be responsible for implementation of the ILRP through RU field offices. The Superintending Engineer in charge of the RU at HQs will coordinate the entire process. Figure 7.1 below give details of the institutional arrangements for ILRP.

77 62 Figure 7.1: Institutional Arrangement for Income and Livelihood Restoration Program (ILRP) Executive Director, BBA PD, PMBP CSC SE, RU-HQ EMA INGO, RAP RU-Field, BBA CNGO - ILRP Local NGOs, ILRP 194. A Coordinating NGO (CNGO) selected from willing national NGOs, TORs attached, as Annex III with sufficient experience in poverty reduction activities and linkages with micro-finance institutions (MFI) will be employed to coordinate the ILRP. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of local NGOs for effective implementation. The entire focus will result based and on achievement of results. Mere completion of activities shall not be considered as the indicator of success. CNGO will also establish linkages with MFI and vocational training institutions, to extend all possible business development services and inputs to the affected persons. After completion of income and livelihood restoration program, the local NGOs will support the local communities for capacity building ensuring sustainability of the various programs The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will assist BBA in supervising and monitoring the activities of the CNGO and the NGOs at the field level. The External monitor will monitor the overall implementation approach, process and outcome of the ILRP. In addition, difficulties experienced by the CNGO & NGO in program implementation as well as the lapses in notifying the BBA for taking corrective measures on time shall also be monitored and looked into.

78 63 CHAPTER 8 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT FOR RAP II IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 Introduction 196. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) 61 under the Bridge Division of the Ministry of Communications (MOC) is representing the Government of Bangladesh as the Executing Agency (EA) of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP). BBA is responsible for undertaking all studies, design, and construction of this Bridge. It will also be responsible for operation and maintenance (O&M) of the bridge after its opening. BBA is mandated to undertake steps, as per guidelines of the MOC and advice of the Government, to secure required funds both from external and internal sources for the implementation of the Project. The WB, the ADB, the JICA and the IDB have agreed to co-finance the Project alongwith the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) A detail design consultant (DDC) is assisting BBA in scheme design, detail-engineering design on the approved scheme design and safeguard plans. DDC is also preparing procurement documents to employ construction supervision consultant, civil works contractor, NGOs and other agencies to assist BBA. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur have been assisting BBA in acquiring land In addition to engineering construction contractors, BBA will also engage NGOs and agencies for implementation of safeguard plans including EMP, RAP, GAP, PHAP and CMP as well as monitoring and evaluation of these plans. The NGO for implementation of the RAP has already been engaged by BBA. 8.2 Institutional Framework for RAP II 199. Project Management Office (PMO), headed by a Project Director (PD), has already been set up within BBA for execution of the PMBP. A Resettlement Unit (RU) has been established within this PMO, which is responsible for implementation of the RAP compensation disbursement and resettlement of the project affected peoples (PAPs) including livelihood restoration, public health security, and gender equity management in the process of construction of the bridge and resettlement of PAPs. The RU is headed by a Superintending Engineer (Additional Director Resettlement) and has field offices at both Mawa and Janjira headed by an Executive Engineer (Deputy Director Resettlement) each. An Executive Engineer has also been put in place for Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of the implementation of the Safeguard Plans as the Deputy Director M&E (Figure 8.1) BBA is taking assistance from DCs of Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts for acquisition of land for the Project. Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged for computerization of land acquisition data with GPS reference. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) has been engaged for necessary surveys and verifications for preparation of RAP. An experienced NGO (Christian Commission for Development in Bangladesh) has already been mobilised for implementation of RAP at the field level Services of national and local level experienced NGOs will be utilized by BBA in design and implementation of a livelihood and income and livelihood restoration plan within the framework of the RAP II as outlined in Chapter 7. Public health safeguards will be ensured through implementation of 61 Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) (formerly Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority) was created by Ordinance No XXXIV of 1985 on 4 July, The objective of Ordinance was to construct a Multipurpose Bridge over the mighty River, Jamuna. It was further amended in November 23, 1998 (Act. XXI of 1998)]. In order to keep consistency of it s works the government has changed it s name as Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA).

79 64 the public health action plan (PHAP) 62 and gender issues will be addressed through implementation of the gender action plan (GAP) Specialized NGOs will be employed for implementation of the ILRP, PHAP and GAP while the RAP implementing NGO, the DDC/CSC and the Construction Contractors will cooperate in respective areas for effective implementation of the said plans. In the Resettlements Sites, special arrangement will be made by BBA to operate the schools and health centers. Experienced NGOs with necessary skills and resources will be engaged to operate these services BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Division with separate environmental and resettlement units. The Safeguard Division will be permanent and part of BBA administration in postconstruction period. The institutional study has recommended a reformed BBA with a new organogram 64. An action plan for setting up the permanent Safeguard Department within BBA has been recommended in the Institutional Study. The recruitment of new staff/consultants is being done in accordance with the plan. Three Senior Resettlement Specialists will be recruited with BBA for five years. Figure 8.1 Project Management Organizations in BBA Executive Director Safeguard Department Project Management Office -PMBP Engineering Department Administrative Department Planning, Programming & Monitoring Finance and Accounting Roads & Bridges Bldg. & RTW Other Works Acct. & Budget Audit Admin. Protocol Security Estate Environmental Unit Resettlement Unit Roads and Bridge RTW Permanent Unit Project Specific Unit 8.3 Roles and Responsibilities Role of the Executive Director 204. The Executive Director (ED) BBA has the overall responsibility of the Project and is responsible for following: Overall implementation of the resettlement program as per the RAP and the agreements signed with the Co-financiers. 62 PMBP, Public Health Component Preliminary Action Plan, 28 October PMBP, Gender Action Plan, 26 October Padma Project: Institutional Strengthening Study December 2009

80 65 Effecting necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions, necessary for the successful implementation of the RAP, as per GOB decisions. Timely release of necessary funds to the Resettlement Unit for implementation of the resettlement program, as per the approved implementation schedule. Delegating responsibility and powers to the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), as required, for smooth implementation of the RAP Role of the Project Director 205. The Project Director (PD) is the chief executive of PMO - PMBP. The PD is responsible for necessary policy, administrative and financial decisions and actions for effective and timely implementation of the Project as per the approved policy and implementation arrangements. PD may delegate his/her power through the Superintending Engineer (Additional Director Resettlement), heading RU for overall management & implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP) and Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP). Figure 8.2 RU Organization Structure Project Director PMBP Safeguard Manager (Staff Consultant) Superintendent Engineer Head, Resettlement Unit Sr Resettlement Specialist (3) Exec Engr Mawa DD, LA DD, M&E Exec Engr Janjira Computer Asstt. Engr (2) AD, M&E Asstt. Engr (2) Programmer Kanungo Accountant Sub- Asst.Engr (2) Kanungo Accountant Sub- AsstEngr (2) Data Entry Operator Computer Operator Data Entry Operator Support Staff Support Staff Support Staff

81 Role of Resettlement Unit (RU) 206. BBA-RU will be stationed at the BBA headquarter in Dhaka. A total of three field offices will be opened one each in Mawa and two in Janjira with respective desks to handle cases of Janjira and Shibchar thanas separately. The main task of the Resettlement Unit,under the SE-Resettlement, shall comprise of the following: Overall planning, management and monitoring of the Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood Restoration Program (ILRP). Synchronization of resettlement activities with the construction schedule of the Project; With the help of consultant/ingo design and set up necessary computer and software facilities necessary for preparation of ID cards, automated loss, entitlement and payment files of individual EPs so as to effectively monitor and evaluate RAP implementation; Ensure that all eligible persons are identified, provided with their respective entitlements (as per to the resettlement policy/package) and are relocated/resettled as per the implementation schedule, in time, with minimum hardships; Liaise with the DCs offices for the timely acquisition of land required for Padma Multipurpose Bridge and payment of compensation and ensure that these activities are completed as per the planned schedule; Ensure that all APs are informed about their entitlements and provided with ID cards as a proof of their eligibility to resettlement benefits; Form Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and ensure their smooth functioning, including disposal of grievances; Monitor the effectiveness of entitlement packages and delivery mechanism and, if necessary, propose modifications to BBA management; Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for Resettlement Implementing NGOs/Agency (INGO) and other agencies that are to execute specific components of resettlement implementation on behalf of the BBA RU Select and appoint such agencies to implement and monitor progress and take remedial action against slippages. Prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports for BBA Management as well as the Cofinanciers; Prepare Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Post Resettlement Survey as well as select and appoint appropriate agency to execute these survey(s). Propose to BBA any remedial action needed, based on the Post Resettlement Survey results, Payment of additional grant for replacement land purchase, house/business reconstruction grant, and dismantling and removal assistance and all other assistances in cash or kind, as stipulated under the resettlement policy, to all the eligible APs; Develop the proposed resettlement sites for housing and businesses in Mawa and Janjira sides with civic amenities and services (in line with Jamuna Model);

82 67 Devise procedures for allotment of housing and commercial plots through SE Resettlement /EE Resettlement/Deputy Directors, Consultants and INGO; Propose establishment of PVAC to determine realistic replacement costs of Land, Structure, Trees and crops and accordingly recommend prices/rates for all types of losses incurred by the APs; Update, if required, the Land Market Survey to determine the replacement cost of land in and around the project area and accordingly recommend Maximum Allowable Replacement Value (MARV) for replacement land; Identify and plan resettlement measures for EPs who have already vacated their lands; Co-ordinate with related agencies regarding possible adverse impact on population as a result of changed river regime and where necessary assist BBA to design and carry out mitigation measures; Arrange afforestation programs on BBA surplus land, resettlement sites, road sides and embankments and in host areas, with the help of Forest Department and / or NGOs, involving poor & vulnerable APs; Negotiate with Contractors for providing preferential employment to APs in the construction activities; Prepare area development programs including expansion of community facilities like education, sanitation, health, drinking water supply etc. in the RS and host villages in consultation with host population Study and monitor unforeseen adverse effects during and after construction and take necessary mitigation measures; Liaise with other government and non government agencies in the country, on matters of mutual interest, related to resettlement RU Role of the SE (Resettlement) 207. The SE (Resettlement) will be the head of the RU in BBA and will work under the overall guidance and supervision of the Project Director/Executive Director. The SE Resettlement will be directly responsible for executing all tasks assigned to the RU and any other tasks assigned to him/her by the Executive Director/PD from time to time. The SE-Resettlement will be assisted by three Deputy Directors and four/six Assistant Engineer for HQ and field level management of the resettlement operations. The SE-Resettlement, as the head of the resettlement unit, will be responsible for: Preparation of job descriptions of Deputy Directors/Assistant Directors (HQ and Field), delegate tasks, responsibilities and powers to them, and supervise and monitor their work; Plan, organize and manage the implementation of Land Acquisition Plan (LAP), Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP) and Income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) in consultation with other participating agencies and in accordance with the agreed time schedule. In consultation with the Executive Director and the GoB carry out negotiations and deploy NGOs and other participating agencies, contract specific tasks and activities with them and

83 68 ensure that these agencies carry out and complete activities as per the agreement with BBA and within the agreed time schedule; In consultation with the Executive Director and GoB, negotiate and finalize contract with banks, financing and micro-financing institutions, operational modalities of credit schemes, implement that as part of the resettlement program and ensure that such arrangements and agreements are working; Identify and bring to the notice of the Executive Director any policy, administrative or financial actions that are necessary at the government level for smooth implementation of RAP; Ensure that the funds necessary for carrying out resettlement activities in the field are released to field officers, INGO and other agencies (as assigned with resettlement tasks) on time and such activities are carried out without any administrative hindrances; Closely monitor the implementation of LAP, GAP, PHAP, PCPP and ILRP and propose modification/improvement to BBA and to the Co-financiers, as necessary; Submit comprehensive periodic progress reports to BBA Management and through them to GOB and the Co-financiers. The SE-RU will also have full administrative and financial powers to manage the resettlement program in all matters including the following: (i) (ii) (iii) appointment of work-charged staff, up to certain levels, with prior sanction of the post. (In case of recruitment, promotion, transfer and disciplinary action against staff, normal rules of the government will be followed); administrative control of all officers and staffs of the RU, and will exercise the full financial powers in following matters related to resettlement project/unit, subject to availability of fund and with PCP/PP provision the SE-RU: a. Regarding finalization of tenders of resettlement project, the PD will form tender evaluation committee (s) in line with the GoB procurement policy and process the selection and award. b. All kinds of bills related to the resettlement program will be finalized and approved by the SE-RU and payments will be made through cash/check by RU Accounts section. The Resettlement Project Accounts section will assist SE-RU in the process of finalization and approval of these bills. For reconciliation of accounts, a quarterly meeting will be held with Resettlement Accounts section and BBA Accounts Dept. the same will also be audited annually. c. Salary and allowance of officers and staffs either deputed or recruited in RU will be prepared and passed by SE-RU Role of Executive Engineer - Resettlement 208. Executive Engineers will be the field level-implementing officers of the Resettlement Unit responsible for field level coordination of the resettlement operation in Mawa and Janjira. The RU-field Offices will be located at Mawa and Janjira and shall have the responsibility for the overall implementation of all field level operation related to resettlement.

84 The key functions of the Executive Engineer at the field office level would comprise of the following: o o o Issuance of ID Cards to all eligible persons (EP); Provide necessary assistance for purchase of replacement land; Ensure that all EPs are relocated on time and are provided with the Transfer Grant in cash and or in kind; o Identify eligible E\Ps who need to be allotted plots at resettlement sites and Commercial areas; o o o Organize grievance redress committee meetings; In consultation with DC and local leaders, organize meetings in host area villages to persuade and encourage the host population to provide replacement lands and settlement sites to PAPs; Sanction and provide various cash grants planned under the RAP to entitled persons and ensure that these grants are made available as per the system defined in the RAP; o Selection of homestead losing EPs for temporary settlement on "KHAS LAND" or surplus land (only in addition to their other entitlement); o Provide hard copies of draft and final EP file, EC and Payment Statement to respective EPs o Liaise with the NGOs for the effective implementation of information campaign, vocational training, income and livelihood restoration and other activities delegated to them. o Maintain close contact with HQ and submit monthly/quarterly progress report on Resettlement implementation o o o Supervision of civic amenities at RS sites; Effective management of site offices and timely implementation of the directives. Develop a system of verification of all land transactions and ensure that the revenue officer follows the prescribed process in case of each transaction Role of Deputy Director M&E 210. Deputy Director Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will be responsible to maintain the database of the entire resettlement operations covering RAP I, II and III. DD will be assisted by a trained computer programmer who will manage the database using software that will allow quick verification and assessment of the status of compensation payment and other relocation benefits of individual households DD M&E will review the monthly progress report submitted by implementing NGO and verify the progress through field level investigations and consultation with the affected households The DD will be responsible for preparation of quarterly progress report for co-financiers on resettlement implementation based on monthly reports of INGO and field inputs.

85 Functions and Powers of Assistant Engineer-Resettlement 213. The main function of Assistant Engineer- Resettlement will be as follows: Maintaining close contact with PAPs, informing them about their entitlements and resettlement benefits, verifying claims and grievances and accordingly take necessary action or inform the Deputy Director. Promptly bring to notice of Deputy Director/SE Resettlement matters of urgent nature. Closely monitor migrating PAPs to the host areas. Organize squatters and uthulis for their settlement at RS site or elsewhere. With the help of Kanungos, demarcate plots in surplus land and khas land. In consultation with Forest Officer, demarcate areas for plantation. Supervise, monitor and evaluate the training programs of NGOs. Demarcate plots on RS sites. Ensure that all legal and administrative formalities necessary for disbursement of entitlement to EPs are completed according to the Payment Modality/administrative manual. Submit regular progress reports to the Executive Engineer Functions of Sub-Assistant Engineers 214. The main function of the Sub-Assistant Engineers will be to: Liaise with the ADC Land and NGOs to ascertain land purchase by the Eps; Through the implementing NGO contact and supervise the activities of resettlement workers; and Monitor and resolve the problems arising out of migration of PAPs to host areas, if any Role of Deputy Commissioners Office(s) 215. The Deputy Commissioner (DC) has a key role to play in land acquisition (LA) and R&R processes. He/she has the legal responsibility of acquiring land and paying compensation directly to the APs as per the Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance, 1982 and subsequent amendments made thereafter. Furthermore, he/she has access to official records and the Legal/Administrative authority for title of land and eligibility of APs for Cash Compensation under Law (CCL) for land as well as for other assets, covered by the law Taking into account the additional land acquisition requirement of the Project, there is a definite need to enhance the capacity of the LAO section of the concerned DCs, by means of engaging additional senior LA staff, for efficient processing of LA requests. It is also necessary that like the DC Munshiganj, the other DCs also initiate their own website for disclosure of necessary information relating to LA cases.

86 The EA and the implementing NGOs, will work with the representatives of the DCs during the Joint Verification of affected properties and the market survey of the properties, for ascertaining the current replacement value, before budgeting the total compensation payable to the APs DC would be asked to appoint Special Land Acquisition Officer (SLAO) for PMBP in each of the affected districts. Each thana of the project area would be assigned to one officer each on deputation for helping in identification of the owners of the affected properties and process the papers for the compensation payment. These officers would be in-charge of land records and revenue The DC offices will receive funds for CCL payment from BBA and effect payment of CCL to the directly affected persons immediately, following issuance of notice under section 7 to facilitate quick disbursement of differentials, if any, by the BBA. Participation of the DC will be necessary in the host area meetings. Similarly DC s intervention/assistance will be required in matters such as land requisition, disposal of land ownership disputes, allotment of khash land and other surplus land Role of Implementing NGO 220. It has now been generally recognized that the task of successfully implementing a RAP requires special attitude, experience and skills in dealing with the grassroots level people, which are available among some reputed NGOs in the country. Therefore, it has been adopted as a government policy to commission the services of such an NGO to assist in the implementation of this RAP. The principal task of the implementing NGO would be to identify the project affected households/business enterprises and persons relating to the enterprises, estimating their losses and dislocations, and processing their entitlement as per the packages. The next main task would be to assist BBA in disbursing entitlements, which are outside the purview of CCL The INGO would also play an important role in addressing legitimate grievances of the APs and vulnerable groups. INGO would also undertake Income and livelihood restoration activities Role of Project Consultants 222. Resettlement specialists of the Detail Design Consultant (DDC) and Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) Team, acting on behalf of the Project and BBA, will ensure that sound methodologies and practices are followed in the implementation of RAP. The consultants will advise on any changes in the modalities of the implementation work, participate in meetings with the contracted agency/ngo and BBA, and monitor the work of the implementing NGO/agency in the field. The consultants will also review, on behalf of SE-RU, the implementation progress report, submitted by the contracted NGO/agency, on a regular basis Role of External Monitoring Agency 223. Except internal monitoring and evaluation by the EA for land acquisition and resettlement, an independent monitoring agency (EMA) will be engaged through competitive bidding process to undertake resettlement supervision, monitoring and evaluation for the land acquisition and resettlement implementation. EMA will carry out observation of the resettlement program and implementation and submit an independent monitoring and appraisal report of the RAP implementation to the PMO, BBA and to the Co-financiers. The responsibilities of the EMA are indicated in detail in Chapter Resettlement Management Committees 224. RAP implementation will be participatory with representation from the government, local elected representatives, community and the affected persons. Selected representatives from appropriate stakeholders will be absorbed in various resettlement management committees. A Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) at the Upazila level will be formed for determination of replacement market value of land and assets for compensation. A Grievance Redress Committee

87 72 (GRC) for each union will be formed for addressing grievances of the affected persons in the resettlement process. Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) will be formed to facilitate BBA for timely relocation of APs from the required land and assist delivery of project sponsored resettlement benefits as designed in RAP. Besides, to identify the quantity and quality of affected properties concretely, in case of any confusion, an Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will be formed In order to ensure collective sharing of responsibilities, PVAC, GRC, RAC and IVC be formed with representatives of the BBA, Consultant and representatives of the LGI through administrative order of the Ministry of Communications with appropriate legal authority through gazette notification. Formation, roles and responsibilities, and the mandates of the committees proposed are presented below: Property Valuation Advisory Committee (PVAC) 226. Given that compensation levels are often inadequate in reflecting RVs, it is necessary to form Property Valuation Advisory Committees (PVACs) to (i) provide guidance for the valuation of properties at replacement cost, and (ii) recommend the replacement value to the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for approval. The Executive Director (ED), BBA/Secretary, Bridges Division, Ministry of Communications, will authorize the formation of PVACs in each of the Upazilas covered by the Project. The PVACs, which should record proceedings of all their deliberations, shall comprise the following: Munshiganj Lauhajang Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Lauhajang (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Munshiganj Srinagar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Srinagar (Member) LAO, Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Shariatpur Janjira Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Janjira (Member) LAO, Shariatpur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Shariatpur (Member) Deputy Director, Resettlement Unit, PBMP (Member-Secretary) Madaripur Shibchar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), Convener Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Shibchar (Member) LAO, Madaripur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Madaripur Deputy Director (Resettlement), PBMP (Member Secretary) 227. The Detail Design Consultants (DDC) will assist the PVACs by providing technical expertise in assessing the RVs for properties (land by type and mouza, structure by basic construction type, trees by broad species-type, and crops by type. DTC will undertake consultations, as needed, with

88 73 affected persons and host populations to obtain adequate information about property values, and review, as needed, past reports on replacement value.65 For land, DDC will seek to reconcile those values with the land market survey data obtained under the census surveys conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) The PVACs will review and verify, as needed, through additional field investigations, the replacement values assessed by type in all three districts will be submitted to MOC for approval. The difference between CCL and RV will be paid by BBA to the eligible persons (EPs) with the assistance from the RAP implementing NGO Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) 229. In dealing with a vast number of affected persons, disputes on entitlement processes are very likely to arise due, for example, to gaps in legal/land records systems and need for updated titles of holdings during project implementation. Experience from past projects shows that there are often (i) fraudulent authorization and no-objection documents; (ii) errors in establishing inventory of losses (IOL); (iii) cases of dispute over ownership such as an earlier owner receiving an award even after the sale of land prior to acquisition; (iv) issues related to Government vested property, and (v) other socially and legally identified owners. Also, there may be issues arising out of environmental impacts and mitigations. Objectives of GRC 230. In order to provide an accessible mechanism to APs to raise their issues and grievances as well as raise concerns about their assistance, Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs) has already been established in the project area in each Union Parishad. The GRCs are officially recognized nonjudicial community-based body that will seek to resolve non-judicial disputes arising out of various matters related to the implementation of the SAP and EAP. The fundamental objectives of GRCs are to resolve any resettlement-related grievances locally in consultation with the aggrieved party to facilitate smooth implementation of the social and environmental action plans. Another important objective is to democratize the development process at the local level and to establish accountability to the affected people. Composition of GRC 231. There will be one GRC for social/resettlement and environmental action plans. The following GRC composition has been gezetted for the entire project with representations from BBA, INGO, local elected officials, representatives of affected people and women in the project area to ensure participatory process and to allow voices of the affected communities in the grievance procedures. Executive Engineer PMBP : Convener 1 representative of INGO : Member Secretary Chairman concerned Union Parishad : Member Female member of concerned ward of the UP : Member Representative of Women APs : Member One (1) representative of APs (based on the recommendation of INGO and approved by Convener) 232. This format of GRC has worked in the past projects for example, Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Project, Bhairab Bridge Construction Project, Pakshey Bridge Project and Southwest Road Network Development Project. The post-project evaluations indicate that GRCs have worked well and was successful in resolving disputes in a participatory manner and with fairness in the decision making process. The GRC is empowered to take a decision which is binding on BBA and considered final. In RAP I, the GRC processes under the above format is functioning well in resolving dispute quickly. In case of technical nature of environmental issues, CSC envirobmental specialist will advise the GRC on technical matters. 65 In particular, BCL (2006) and ADB PPTA (2007).

89 74 TOR for GRC 233. The scope of work and the Terms of Reference (TOR) for GRC are: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) The GRC shall review, consider and resolve grievances related to social/resettlement and environmental mitigations during implementation received by the RU Field Office Any grievances presented to the GRC should ideally be resolved on the first day of hearing or within a period of three weeks, in cases of complicated cases requiring additional investigations. Grievances of indirectly affected persons and/or persons affected during project implementation will also be reviewed by GRC The GRC will not engage in any review of the legal standing of an awardee other than in the distribution of shares of acquired property among the legal owners and associated compensation or entitlement issues GRC decisions should ideally be arrived at through consensus, failing which resolution will be based on majority vote. Any decision made by the GRC must be within the purview of RAP policy framework and entitlements The GRC will not deal with any matters pending in the court of law A minimum three (3) members shall form the quorum for the meeting of the GRC GRC meetings will be held in the respective RU Field Office in the project area or other location(s) as agreed by the Committee. If needed, GRC members may undertake field visits to verify and review the issues at dispute, including titles/shares, reason for any delay in payments or other relevant matters. Procedures for Filing GRC Cases 235. APs will be able to file their grievances without any fear and intimidation. Where required, the implementing NGO will assist the APs in drafting the grievances. All grievances must be submitted in writing to the Chair, GRC. The complainant may be represented by the AP him/herself or appointed agent. The judgment made by GRC will be communicated to the concerned AP in writing. If dissatisfied, and with the agreement of the GRC, the AP may request a further review of the judgment of GRC by the Project Director, Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project GRC procedures and operational rules will be publicized widely through community meetings and pamphlets in the local language (Bangla) so that APs are aware of their rights and obligations, and procedure of grievance redress. Approval of GRCs and Entitlements of GRC Members 237. GRC members will attend a training and orientation meeting prior to commencement of their work. The training will be conducted by Project staff and consultants/resettlement experts. GRC members (except for BBA and NGO representatives) will be entitled to Tk. 300/- (three hundred) per day as honorarium from the implementing NGO budget (i.e., reimbursable head). Light snacks/refreshments will be provided during the meetings under the NGO budget. In case of day-long meeting, GRC members may also be served lunch. Necessary stationery and other logistics will be made available by the NGO. All GRC docments will be maintained by INGO for review and verification by CSC/MC, Co-financiers and Panel of Expert. The BBA Field Office(s) will act as the Secretariat to the GRC Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) 238. Inventory of losses (IOL) has been established at different stages of project feasibility study and preparation starting from JICA feasibility study ( ) through BBA RAP study ( ), ADB PPTA study (2006) and DDC census by BIDS (July 2009). The DCs have also conducted joint verification of physical property and usage of land under acquisition for the Project. During implementation stage, identification of affected persons and determination of their losses will be based on IOL data consistent with present condition and project implementation status. Data has to be verified and confirmed against COD and legitimate impact following the IOL at various stages. An

90 75 Inventory Verification Committee (IVC) will, therefore, be formed with particular responsibilities of data validation through gazette notification by the MOC. Formation of the IVC will be as follows: Executive Engineer Resettlement (field), RU : Chairman Resettlement Specialist, DDC/CSC : Member Representative of DC office : Member Representative of APs : Member 239. IVC will compare the IOL with that of different sources and verify cases where variations will be identified more than 10% on either side. Based on the volume of work, IVC may use services of an NGO/consultant with computerized data processing and programming capacity at the field level Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) 240. At the implementation stage, BBA will form a Resettlement Advisory Committee (RAC) in each union with the approval of the head of BBA-RU in order to involve the local communities and APs in the implementation process. The committee will ensure local participation, provide local inputs and assist in all matters related to implementation of the RAP. This Committee shall comprise of the following: Executive Engineer Resettlement : Convener The Areas Manager of INGO : Member- Secretary LGI representative : Member Representative of Women APs : Member

91 76 Figure 8.3 RAP Implementation Arrangement Executive Director BBA Project Director PMBP (BBA) Coordination Line of Authority GOB (BBA/DCs) NGO/Consultants Stakeholders committees- RAP Deputy Commissioner Superintending Engineer [Resettlement (R)] Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC) LA Officer LA Officer Resettlement Management Committees (GRC, PVAC, IVC) Dy. Director (LA-BBA) Team Leader (INGO) Exec Engr (R) Mawa Dy. Director (M&E) Deputy TL Gender Specialist Systems Analyst Deputy TL Sr. Asst. Engr (R) Asst. Director (M&E) Sr. Asst. Engr (R) Area Manager Database Manager Area Manager Asst. Engr (R) Asst. Engr (R) Supervisors Supervisors Kanungo Accountant Sub-Asst. Engr (2) Kanungo Accountant Sub-Asst. Engr (2) Resettlement Workers Computer Operator Resettlement Workers Data Entry Operator Computer Operator Data Entry Operator Support Services Support Services Support Services Support Services

92 Capacity Building for Resettlement Management 241. There is a need for an efficient organizational set-up for involuntary resettlement management. The key organizations/agencies responsible for implementation of RAP involve: BBA as the Executing Agency (EA) for the project Deputy Commissioner(s) of the concerned districts Department of Fisheries, Forestry, Agricultural Extension, Cooperative, Upazila administration and Banks, Local Government Institutions like Upazila Parishad and Union Parishad which represents the APs in all forums in connection with land acquisition, resettlement and income and livelihood restoration; Experienced NGOs/Institutions/Consultants for assisting BBA for RAP implementation, income and livelihood restoration and need based surveys and services and internal monitoring; and BBA is in the process of establishing a Safeguard Division within the permanent structure of the organization with separate environmental and resettlement units Participation of these organizations/agencies is important to implement a time-bound (i) Land Acquisition Plan, (ii) Resettlement Plan (iii) Gender Action Plan, (iv) Public Health Action Plan, (v) Public Consultation and Participation Plan and (vi) Income and Livelihood Restoration Program. In order to build capacity of these bodies, specific terms of reference, legal/administrative authority, intensive training/orientation focusing on the tasks and responsibilities, are considered imperative DD Consultant will conduct training on resettlement management for capacity building of the agencies (e.g., RU, DC/Local administration, RAC and GRC members) for effective implementation of RAP. The DD Consultant will also conduct briefing on RAP and implementation issues with implementing NGOs prior to mobilization and resettlement implementation At the BBA level, some capacity building initiatives for example, analysis of existing capacity, staff skills, staff development and training needs have already been taken by the Social/Resettlement Advisor 66 to BBA. DD Consultant will conduct short-term resettlement management training and workshops involving related agencies and field staff dedicated to RAP implementation. In addition, a set of operational guidelines and a handbook will be prepared to guide the field staff for consistent applications of the policies and practices Presently, BBA is in the process of recruiting new staff/consultants for the safeguard department including a Safeguard Manager (environmental and resettlement) and three Senior Resettlement Specialists (2 for Field Level Supervision and monitoring, and 1 HQ Resettlement operations and management) for five years. 8.6 Implementation and Monitoring Database 246. The DD team, with assistance from concerned agencies, will establish a complete electronic databank and document archive as the key source of information on all resettlement-related data for implementation and monitoring purposes. The Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), which was hired for conducting the census and land market survey, has established an inventory of losses and a cut-off date for entitlement eligibility. The database prepared by BIDS will provide assessment of losses and price of all types of land in all the affected mouzas. 66 The advisor was hired under the World Bank Project Preparation Facility and services of the advisor concluded by the end of third week of January 2010.

93 The Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) has been engaged to assist the DD consultants for providing technical services for the tasks. CEGIS will collect satellite images of the affected area, digitize mauza maps, and establish a geo-referencing system to ensure that the database is accurate and there is no manipulation of information and subsequent abuse of the policy framework. CEGIS will also provide software and prepare program for entitled person (EP) files on individual households for checking and verification purposes. The file will contain detailed socio-economic data on individual EPs, lost assets, compensation entitlements and payments, and relocation and resettlement status. The databank will enhance institutional capacity of BBA/Field Offices and the implementing NGO in resettlement management and operations of the project. 8.7 RAP Implementation Schedule 248. A time-bound implementation schedule is presented in Figure 8.4. The overall schedule of implementation is based on the principle that (i) all affected households are paid their due compensation and other benefits/allowances prior to relocation; and (ii) relocation of the households/businesses will be synchronized with the schedule. The activities listed concern vacating lands for main bridge and approach roads and resettlement activities for example, payment of additional grant over CCL to reach replacement value, income and livelihood restoration activities, and social development for vulnerable groups.

94 79 Figure 8.4 RAP II Implementation Schedule No. Activity A. ADDITIONAL LAND ACQUISITION 1 Preparation of LAP and Submission to DCs 2 Land Acquisition Processing by DCs 3 Notice u/s 3, Joint Verification, Notice u/s 6 4 LA Estimate and Fund Placement with DCs 5 Payment of CCL 6 Transfer of Land B. SOCIAL PREPARATION 1 Mobilization of INGO in the field 2 Disclosure of RAP 3 NGO assistance to APs for CCL collection 4 Formation of PVAC/IVC/GRCs/RACs 5 Identification of EPs/Issuance of ID Cards 6 Determination of Entitlements C. PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION 1 Coordinate with DC offices on land acquisition 2 Assist APs in the process of CCL collection 3 Prepare application for CCL collection for APs 4 Opening Bank Account by the APs 5 APs apply and receive CCL 6 APs approach and receive RV/AG for RV D. RELOCATION 1 Payment of Transfer and Reconstruction Grants 2 Payment of other resettlement grants O N Dec Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

95 80 3 Allotment of RS Plots 4 PAP mobilization and relocation 5 Monitoring relocated households E. GRIEVANCE REDRESS 1 Complaints from aggrieved APs 2 Review, Approval and Actions F. MIS AND MONITORING 1 Design, Develop and Operate Automated MIS 2 Internal Monitoring 3 Independent External Monitoring G. IMPLEMENTATION OF ILRP 1 Hiring Coordinating NGO 2 Develop/update ILRP 3 Implement ILRP 4 Monitoring ILRP Implementation Start of Civil Works

96 81 CHAPTER 9 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT COSTS 9.1 Introduction 249. The costs for land acquisition and resettlement in the RAP-II have been estimated at current market price of land as per land rates of 2009 under RAP-I, physical assets and businesses by enhancing 2006 PPTA rates, and additional assistance for loss of income and vulnerabilities as per the resettlement policy framework. This budget is indicative of outlays for different expenditure categories assessed by BIDS census (Jul-Aug 09 & Feb 10) for physical assets and ADB PPTA data (2006) for affected households due to acquisition of agricultural land. These costs will be updated and adjusted once the land acquisition boundaries will be finalized and the government adopts a price of land and other assets based on recommendations of PVAC for replacement value. Replacement value of land and property will be updated annually if the PVAC at the district level justifies the same at the time of dispossession for any considerable price escalation All land acquisition and resettlement funds will be provided by BBA based on the financing plan agreed by the Government of Bangladesh and international co-financiers. Relocation of affected persons, squatters, encroachers and lessees, their R&R will be considered as an integral component of the project costs. The rehabilitation and training to the potential affected persons will be provided under the income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) based on vulnerability and needs assessed through a special census and consultation exercise using the social development fund (SDF) BBA will ensure that the land acquisition and resettlement budgets are delivered on time to the DCs and resettlement account of the field office of the BBA-RU respectively. BBA will also ensure that the RAP- II is submitted to co-financiers for concurrence, and that funds for entitlements under the RAP-II is fully provided to APs prior to the award of the civil work contract. Compensation and resettlement funds will be provided to the APs in two separate ways: Compensation under law for acquisition of land will be disbursed through the Deputy Commissioners; Additional assistance for resettlement of project-affected persons will be disbursed directly by BBA with assistance from INGO. 9.2 Budget 252. The RAP II budgets for replacement value of land, structures and other assets, and special assistance will be calculated using the market rates reflecting replacement cost or updating the replacement value of assets at the time of dispossession. The costs for relocation and special assistance will be consistent with the resettlement policy framework and entitlement matrix. Other costs involving project disclosure, public consultations and focus group discussions, surveys, training and income and livelihood restoration, and monitoring and evaluation have been included in the RAP- II budget. There is also a budget allocation for RAP-II implementation (15% of the total) and a 10% contingency. The cost estimate in this RAP is based on inventory of losses updated as of February 2010 and current compensation rate evaluation. This estimate will be revised based on changes on any additional impacts to be considered. Therefore, the budget will remain as a dynamic process for cost estimate even during implementation. However, GOB is firmly committed to mobilize additional funds, if necessary The total estimated cost of implementation of RAP-II is BDT 6, million (US$ million). The budget includes BDT 5, million for replacement value of land, structures, trees and crops; BDT million for relocation of housing and businesses, BDT million for rehabilitation of affected households and BDT million for implementation, monitoring and evaluation (Table

97 82 9.1). All funds for land acquisition and resettlement will be entirely provided by the Government of Bangladesh from the revenue budget. Funds for SDF are presently from GoB source; however, the co-financiers, particulary the WB and ADB, have expressed their interest to fund the income and livelihood restoration program. Detailed RAP-II budget is given at Annex V. Table 9.1 Summary Land Acquisition and Resettlement Budget No. Expenditure Item Total BDT Total US$ A. Replacement Cost 5,632,042,510 82,219,599 1 Land 4,632,695,348 67,630,589 2 Structure 528,260,727 7,711,835 3 Trees/crops/perennials 471,086,435 6,877,174 B. Relocation Cost 21,814, ,453 1 Dislocation allowance for land 10,144, ,088 2 Transfer grant for structures 4,092,412 59,743 3 Reconstruction grant for structures 5,877,650 85,805 4 Reconstruction of physical cultural resources 1,700,000 24,818 C. Rehabilitation assistance 65,294, ,203 Specialist assistance for 1 vulnerable households 765,000 11,168 2 Moving assistance for owner operated business premises 1,315,000 19,197 3 Assistance for loss of income by owner operated commercial premises 4,379,844 63,939 4 Assistance for affected wage earners 17,451, ,768 5 Dislocation allowance for loss of income 8,382, ,379 6 Social development fund (SDF) 30,000, ,956 7 Host area incentives 3,000,000 43,796 E. Administration and management cost 157,727,922 2,302,597 Administrative overhead for Land 1 Acquisition for DCs 120,852,922 1,764,276 2 Implementation of RAP 30,000, ,956 3 Implementation of ILRP 1,875,000 27,372 4 Independent monitoring agency 5,000,000 72,993 F. Subtotal (A+B+C+D+E) 5,876,878,916 85,793,853 G. Contingency (10%) 587,687,892 8,579,385 H TOTAL 6,464,566,807 94,373, Unit Costs of Land and Assets Replacement Value of Land 254. Price of land in Bangladesh varies substantially depending on productivity, commercial utility, and proximity to urban centers and access to roads. Land price, therefore, varies also within a given

98 83 geographical boundary like the smallest land administrative unit called Mouza. The Deputy Commissioners, therefore, determine the compensation for land for each mouza or location of the land to be acquired. BBA, to estimate the cost of land, also carried out land market survey at the end of 2005 to collect market price of land for each Mouza. ADB PPTA in 2006 also conducted land market survey covering government price, and identifying local level existing prices from knowledgeable persons, actual sale prices from sellers and expected prices of land from potential sellers. The replacement price of land was determined for each mouza by category of land by its uses like (i) residential land, (ii) commercial land, (iii) agricultural land, (iv) water body, (v) fallow land, and (vi) sandy land. The owners of acquired land purchasing replacement land will be waived from all taxes and charges for land titling through appropriate reimbursements Table 9.2 indicates the estimated current market price (CMP) of land based on the recommendations of BIDS on current market price of land (for the year 2010) for RAP-I affected areas. Replacement Value of land is defined as the combined CMP and the cost of land transfer for replacement land purchase with the equivalent amount of CMP. However, these rates will be updated based on land market survey in the main bridge and approach road areas. Table 9.2: Acquisition of Land and Current Market Price (Rates) Category of Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total Land Rate Land Rate Land Rate Land Rate land (dec) (BDT/dec) (dec) (BDT/dec) (dec) (BDT/dec) (dec) (BDT/dec) Homestead 3, ,433 2, , ,891 6, ,975 Agri-land 10, ,482 53, ,597 12, ,830 76, ,559 Vita , , ,141 1, ,668 Water-body 1, , , ,597 1, ,386 Fallow land 2, , ,597 4, ,598 7, ,598 Total 18, ,976 56, ,478 18, ,389 93, ,062 Source: Consultants Estimate based on BIDS Land Market Survey, September Replacement Value of Structures 256. Loss of building structures, either commercial or residential have been assessed through BIDS census survey in September 2009 following the original land acquisition plan in the main bridge facilities and the approach roads. Based on BIDS market survey, PWD rates, ADB PPTA rates recommended in 2006, rates used in BBA RAP 2006 and some other similar projects, replacement market value of structure has been assessed for review and recommendation by the PVAC. Common rates for all districts by type of structures have been assessed and the draft report has been submitted to BBA on 30 March The owners of structures will be compensated at replacement cost irrespective of their title to land The Deputy Commissioners has determined the market price of structures involving the Public Works Department (PWD) at district level. However, current market prices have been assessed for BBA to recommend replacement value of physical structures for housing, commercial structure and community buildings (including primary, secondary and associated structures) based on cost of materials, type of construction, labor, transport and other construction costs and comparing those with the similar prices as stated above. No deductions will be applied for depreciation and transaction costs. Table 9.4 indicates the compensation rates for acquisition of residential/commercial/religious structures as wll as assessed current market prices of structures. The land cost has been given in Table 9.1 does not include land of squatter and vulnerable encroacher. It includes the structures of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also Table 9.4 provides current market prices (CMP) to be recommended as replacement value of structures for units and types recognized in the joint verification, DCs award information and the census survey by BIDS in late 2009 and early 2010 in the project affected areas. The rates will be replaced once the PVAC recommends replacement value of structures for payment to the affected structure owners before dismantling. However, compensation rates (higher than CMPs) have been applied for preparation of Budget (Table 9.1).

99 84 Table 9.4 Current Market Price of Affected Structures for 2010 Type of Main Structure CMP (BDT/Sft) Type of Auxiliary Structures Unit CMP (BDT) Pucca 1,365 Kutcha Latrine No. 2,766 Pucca-Upper floor (each) 1,516 Slab Latrine No. 3,798 Semi-Pucca 771 Pucca Latrine No. 32,963 Tin-Brick 702 Tubewell (20M) No. 7,480 Tin-Wood 960 Tubewell (60M) No. 11,730 Tin 412 Platform Sft 98 Kutcha 264 Bricked boundary Rft 1,260 Thatched 84 Tin boundary Rft 143 Tin-Double Storied 2,437 Tin-Semi-double storied 1,763 Source: DDC, Draft Report on Valuation of Structure, Tree and Crop, 30 March Market Value of Trees 259. Number of trees of different sizes and species including Bamboo and Banana plants has been assessed through BIDS census survey in September 2009 based on the original land acquisition plan in the main bridge facilities and the approach roads and the additional area. Market value of these trees, bamboo and banana groves has been taken from the ADB PPTA rates (determined through independent property valuation survey in 2006) enhancing by 50% to match with 2009 prices for preparation of budget (Table 9.1). However, current market prices of trees have been assessed for affected trees following the units used by the Divisional Forest Offices (DFOs) of Faridpur and Dhaka divisions. These rates will be reviewed by PVAC for recommending the replacement value of trees for The owners of trees will be compensated at current market cost irrespective of their title to land The Deputy Commissioners have determined the market price of trees involving the Department of Forest (DOF) at district level (with the help of respective DFOs). However, CMPs of trees have been determined through an independent market evaluation obtaining data from saw mill owners, timber traders, sellers and buyers and comparing those with the DFO rates with 50% enhancements as per law. In absence of data on quantity of trees as per DFO units, ADBP PPTA rates enhanced with 50% have been used to prepare budget for trees (Table 9.1) Table 9.5 shows the number of affected trees and their estimated current market price excluding the cost of the land. It includes the trees of the squatters and the vulnerable encroachers also or partners of social forestry program. Table 9.5: Number and Market Value of Trees by Size Districtwise No. of Affected Trees on Acquired Land Size of Trees by Category Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Market Rate 67 In Nos. In Nos. In Nos. In BDT I. Timber Trees Large 952 1,694 1, Medium 1,457 5,600 2, Small 2,993 8,077 8, Saplings 1,559 2,227 1, II. Fruit-bearing trees 67 The ADB PPTA Rates (2006) were enhanced by 50% to match 2009 market value of the affected trees.

100 85 Table 9.5: Number and Market Value of Trees by Size Districtwise No. of Affected Trees on Acquired Land Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Market Rate 67 Size of Trees by Category In Nos. In Nos. In Nos. In BDT Large 3,589 3,180 4, Medium 1,811 1,376 1, Small 3,770 1,876 4, Saplings 4,413 1,487 4, III. Bamboo Large 1,394 25,332 30, Medium 1,292 10,651 26, Small 771 7,900 18, Saplings 408 4,158 3, IV. Fuel wood tree Large 1,394 25,332 30,607 6,508 Medium 1,292 10,651 26,783 3,747 Small 771 7,900 18,928 1,201 Saplings 408 4,158 3, IV. Banana/Papaya Large 2,758 3,410 11, Medium 1,577 1,401 6, Small 1,416 1,455 4, Saplings 1,681 2,057 5, Market Value of Crops 262. Standing crops on acquired land have been identified through joint verification by DCs in The amount of yield has been taken from the district agriculture extension offices and the market rates of crops at the time of dispossession have been taken from the Department of Agricultural Marketing office (Dhaka). Crop yield and market pirces have also been taken through field survey in February 2010 for assessing the current market price of standing crops. Table 9.6 indicates the quantum of agricultural land and the rates for compensation of crops for each unit of land (dec). Table 9.6 Current Market Price of Standing Crops 68 Crop land Agricultural land Munshiganj Madaripur Shariatpur Total Rate Land Rate Land Rate Land (BDT) (dec) (BDT) (dec) (BDT) (dec) Land (dec) Rate (BDT) 18, , , , , , Provisions of Resettlement and Rehabilitation Assistance Additional Assistance 263. Provision for additional assistance (difference between Replacement Costs and Compensation under Law) will be assessed on the actual compensation paid by the Deputy Commissioners. The amount obtained from DC offices will be deducted from the Replacement Value 68 DDC, Draft Report on Valuation of Structure, Tree and Crops, 30 March 2010

101 86 of land, structure and trees to obtain any balance for ensuring replacement value of land and property. The balance will be paid to the owners of land and property directly by BBA with assistance from the INGO Dislocation Allowance 264. A dislocation allowance for loss of land will be provided to all affected persons losing land. The allowance will be BDT 100 (one hundred) for one decimal of acquired agricultural land, water body and fallow land, and it will be BDT 200 (two hundred) in case of homestead and commercial land. The maximum amount of dislocation allowance determined at these rates will be BDT 20,000/- (twenty thousand) for any types of land. Lessees of land will be provided dislocation allowance at the rate of BDT 100 (one hundred) per decimal of land and the maximum amount determined at this rate will be BDT 5,000/- (five thousand) for each owner of land Transfer Grant 265. All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources will require shifting their belongings and salvaged materials for which a Transfer Grant will be provided at the rate of BDT 7 (seven) per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 10 (ten) per sqft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures Reconstruction Grant 266. All the displaced households, businesses and physical cultural resources (community premises) will require reconstructing their housing, business and community premises at permanent alternative sites. A Reconstruction Grant will be provided to the affected persons at the rate of BDT 10 (ten) per sqft for residential structure, and BDT 15 (fifteen) per sgft for commercial and physical cultural resource structures One Time Special Assistance 267. Affected female-headed households, disabled-headed households and owners of selfoperated commercial premises will be provided with One Time Special Assistance at the rate of BDT 5,000 (five thousand) each. The entitlement will be paid directly to the head of households and actual owners of the commercial premises Income and Livelihood Restoration Grant 268. Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises, affected agricultural and commercial/ industrial wage labourers, renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and affected households losing more than 10% of their income due to acquisition of land will be provided with income and livelihood restoration grants (IRGs). The rates of the IRGs as per type so affected persons will be as follows: Owners of affected self-operated commercial premises will get a sum of BDT equivalent to 5% of the cash compensation under law received from DC offices for the affected commercial structure. Affected unskilled farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 19,800 (nineteen thousand eight hundred) calculated based on 90 (ninety) days wage at the rate of BDT 220 (two hundred twenty). Affected unskilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 13,200 (thirteen thousand two hundred) calculated based on 60 (sixty) days wage at the rate of BDT 220 (two hundred twenty).

102 87 Affected skilled non-farm labourer will get a sum of BDT 18,000 (eighteen thousand) calculated based on 60 (sixty) days wage at the rate of BDT 300 (three hundred). Affected renters and rentees of residential and commercial premises and persons losing more than 10% of his/her income due to acquisition of agricultural land will be entitled for a one time lump sum of BDT 4,000 (four thousand) Livelihood Regeneration and Social Risks Management 269. The project will develop four (4) resettlement sites for permanent relocation of willing households and businesses covered in the RAP- I 69. It is expected that the self-relocated households will be absorbed in groups in the neighboring villages to share existing civic facilities. To accommodate them socially, improvement and extension of existing civic facilities like religious and educational institutions, access roads, water supply and drainage systems, and power transmission lines will be supported from the project. Affected physical cultural resources will be supported for reconstruction and operation as well. A social development fund (SDF) will be in place to provide long-term livelihood restoration support to the affected wage earners and peasant families losing more than 10% of their productive land to the project. An STI management program (under the public health action plan with respective budget rovisions) will be implemented during construction period to safeguard public health in the project-affected areas. The RAP- II has budgetary provisions as follows: Budget for host areas development BDT 3,000,000/- Budget for re-establishment of CRPs BDT 1,700,000/- Social Development Fund BDT 30,000,000/- 9.5 Approval of the Resettlement Budget 270. Resettlement and rehabilitation budget included in this RAP will be revised as per findings in the detail design through inventory verification and determining replacement value of property at the time of dispossession. The Ministry of Communications along with the revised RAP will approve the revised budget. The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council (ECNEC) has already approved a total budget of BDT 6060 million (USD million) for land acquisition and resettlement under the project. The approved budget includes a total amount of BDT 3000 million (USD million) for land acquisition and BDT 3060 million (USD million) for resettlement of project affected persons. Additional funding requirements will be considered and approved as per the project needs to cover all three RAPs The rates for cash entitlements for rehabilitation as well as allowances payable to AHs will be adjusted annually, based on the actual annual inflation rate. BBA will determine the annual inflation rates to be applied to all cash entitlements during the updating of the RAP based on final inventory verification upon detailed engineering design and confirmation of the acquisition boundary of the bridge end facilities and the approach roads The NGO implementing the RAP will assist BBA preparing resettlement budgets covering all eligible loss and entitlements confirmed through joint verification and determination of replacement market price of land and property by PVAC. This budget will be approved by BBA through appropriate authorities and make available for placement with the RU account of the BBA as per requisition from the Superintending Engineer heading the RU. 9.6 Management of Resettlement Fund 69 The length of RTW in Mawa side has been reduced from 6 km to 4 km. As a result, Resettlement Site 1 (Kobutorkhola Market) has been dropped from the list of RS as it is outside the new RTW project boundary.

103 BBA does not have any set codified rules for payment of cash to APs eligible for resettlement assistance from the project. In JMBP, BBA (former JMBA) adopted an Administrative Manual/ Payment Modality for identification of entitled persons, determination of their losses and entitlements and payment of entitlements to the right person. A detail implementation procedural guideline will be required to implement the RAP at the field level. Both the BBA-RU and the RAP implementing NGO will follow the implementation procedure after its approval from the Executive Director (ED), BBA. The detail design consultant (resettlement specialists) will prepare the guideline following the Payment Modality adopted for JMBP and in consultation with the Head-RU and the RAP implementing NGO. The implementation procedure will include definition of various resettlement terms, the entitlements, detail procedure for identification of eligible persons for resettlement entitlements of the RAP, and prepare loss and entitlement files of individual APs, process payments, effecting their disbursement and documentation The ED with requisition of payments under bi-annual assessment from the Superintending Engineer (Resettlement) will place fund with the RU resettlement account in the field. The implementation guideline will contain details of the management aspects and monitoring mechanism. All payment to the affected persons will be paid in crossed bank cheques. Vouchers on payment will be prepared in quadruplicates: one for RU-Field, one for RU HQ, one for INGO, and one for Bank (with the resettlement account of BBA-RU). The Executive Engineer (Resettlement), field Accountant, and authorized representative from INGO will sign the vouchers. Payment will be made and records maintained as per approved RAP implementation guideline.

104 89 CHAPTER 10 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 10.1 Introduction 275. Resettlement of affected persons of the Project aims for improving on or at least restituting of their social and livelihood resources at the pre-project level. The process of implementation must ensure that the affected persons are able to regain their pre-project socioeconomic status. Therefore, monitoring of the process of planning, implementation and delivery of institutional and financial assistance to the project affected persons has been designed as an integral part of the overall functioning and management of the Project. BBA will establish a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system as a systematic and continuous process of collecting, collating and analyzing information about the progress and a tool for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the process. Also a periodic evaluation of the process and the outcomes will enable BBA to identify lapses, procedural weaknesses, policy inadequacies and institutional drawbacks to devise and implement corrective measures to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the RAP A comprehensive and relevant database and management information system (MIS) will be established and updated periodically for monitoring various activities of RAP implementation. The RAP database generated through land acquisition plan, census, baseline socio-economic survey, land market survey and consultation, CCL payment and resettlement benefit payment database will become essential input of the MIS. BBA will develop a monitoring program that covers all essential stages of resettlement including apprehension of RAP and planning, relocation and rehabilitation through progress monitoring and evaluation of intended outcomes of RAP implementation. The monitoring should also cover performance of the individual staff in resettlement operation. Data generated through Focus Group discussion will be an integral part of the monitoring process Objectives of M&E 277. The M&E system will serve as a tool for monitoring and evaluation of resettlement program ensuring timely and fair delivery of entitlements. The M&E will enable BBA to get feedback from target population and the field operatives to devise corrective measures to ensure achievement of targets within schedule. The objectives of M&E will enhance the delivery capacity of the BBA and maximize benefits of RAP packages to the affected persons and the host communities The M&E will be carried out through collecting, analyzing, reporting and using information about resettlement progress as per scope of the RAP and the process adopted for achieving the progress. It will ensure that inputs are provided, procedures are followed, and outputs are monitored and verified as per approved plan and schedule of actions. Identifying lapses and failures at implementation process, BBA will undertake timely management actions. A benchmark database will be developed for the purpose of ongoing monitoring and periodic and ex-post evaluations of the RAP targets BBA field offices will conduct field level monitoring and assess the daily operation of land acquisition, payment of compensation, identification of entitled persons physically, and processing their entitlements, relocation and resettlement Stages of M&E 280. Monitoring will be done both internally and externally to provide feedback to BBA and to assess the effectiveness of the RAP policy and implementation. Internal monitoring will be carried out by BBA at three consecutive stages of the process of RAP implementation: RAP apprehension or preparatory stage, relocation stage and rehabilitation stage. Scope of M&E at these stages will be as follows:

105 90 Preparatory Stage 281. During the pre-relocation phase of resettlement operation, monitoring is concerned with administrative issues such as, establishment of resettlement unit, budget management, requirement for further land acquisition, consultation with APs in the preparation of resettlement plan and their participation in the implementation process, information dissemination on payments of entitlement due, grievance redress, and so on. The key issue for monitoring will be to:- Conduct baseline survey; Consultations; Identify APs and their numbers; Identification of different categories of APs and entitlements of individuals; Collection of gender disaggregated data and preferences of women; Establish Inventory of losses; Ascertain Entitlements; Valuation of different assets not covered by PVAC; Budget delivery; Information dissemination; Institutional capacity assessment; Implementation schedule and items of expenditure. Relocation Stage 282. Monitoring during the relocation phase covers such issues as site selection in consultation with APs, development of relocation sites, assistance to APs (especially to vulnerable groups) in physically moving to the new site. Likewise aspects such as adjustment of APs in the new surroundings, attitude of the host population towards the new comers and development of community life are the issues considered at this stage. The key issue for monitoring will be:- Payment of compensation; Delivery of entitlement; Grievance redressing; Support in CCL collection process ; Preparation of resettlement site, including civic amenities (water, sanitation, drainage, paved streets, electricity supply); Consultations; Relocation; APs who do not relocate; Payment of resettlement benefit; Income and livelihood restoration assistance. Rehabilitation Stage 283. Once APs have settled down at the new sites, the focus of monitoring shifts to issues of economic recovery programmes including income generating schemes (IGSs), acceptance of these schemes by APs, impact of IGSs on living standards, and the sustainability of the new livelihood patterns. The key issue for monitoring will be: Initiation of income generation activities; Provision of basic civic amenities and essential facilities in the relocated area; Consultations; Assistance to enhance livelihood and quality of life.

106 M&E Indicators 284. Compliance of the RAP policy and targets in the implementation process will be monitored through setting up indicators. The most crucial components/indicators to be monitored are specific contents of the activities and entitlement matrix. The RAP contains indicators and benchmarks for achievement of the objectives under the resettlement program. These indicators and benchmarks are judged for implementation process, outcomes and impacts (see boxes 1, 2 and 3). Project input, public participation and monitoring Delivery of entitlements, relocation and rehabilitation Box 1: Process Indicators Setting up RU and placement of staff Deployment of implementing agencies Training of RU staff Census, IOL, baseline socioeconomic survey Placement of funds for land acquisition and resettlement Expenditure of implementing agencies Deployment of independent monitoring agency Procedure of identification of eligible affected persons Procedure of determining loss and entitlements Procedure of allocation of RS plots Development of livelihood and income restoration program Preparation of disclosure instruments Disclosure and consultation events Formation of GRC, RAC, PVACT, and IVC Grievance redress procedures in-place and functioning Level of public awareness on RAP policy and provisions Cost of compensation collection by APs Monitoring reports submitted Box 2: Output Indicators Number of households relocated (by RS and host areas) Number of households compensated and assisted Number of businesses relocated (by RS and host areas) Number of affected persons purchased replacement agricultural land Amount of compensation disbursed Amount of resettlement benefits disbursed Number of eligible persons identified for training Number of vulnerable households resettled Number of vulnerable households brought under ILRP Longer term impacts Box 3: Impact Indicators Changes in housing Changes in water and sanitation Changes in land holding Changes in occupation Changes in income and expenditure Pace of income against change in expenditure Changes in attending health problems Nutrition of women and children Gender balance and women empowerment Changes in vulnerable households and women headed households.

107 Monitoring Levels and Hierarchy 285. Monitoring will be carried out at three levels. The Project Director (PD) will carry out regular internal monitoring with input from the field operation. An external monitoring will be commissioned by BBA employing independent external agency. The Construction Supervision Consultants will also carry out supervision and monitoring to assist BBA and the co-financiers. The Panel of Experts (POE) of the co-financiers will monitor the overall performance of project including the RAP and ILRP implementation. The co-financiers themselves will also commission supervision missions time to time. The institutional hierarchy is understood at Figure Internal Monitoring 286. The Project Director (PD) will carry out internal monitoring through the Deputy Director, M&E with the help of the implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). Internal monitoring will comprise of monitoring the process indicators and the output indicators (section 8.3). The INGO will gather information on RAP implementation covering relevant activities as per schedule. CSC resettlement specialists (one international and two national) will assist the PD in monitoring the activities of the INGO and review field progress reports regularly. INGO will prepare monthly progress reports (MPRs) that will include the monitoring issues. PD will develop progress and performance monitoring software to get monitoring output on a regular basis. Internal monitoring reports on RAP implementation will be included in the quarterly Project Progress Report (PPR) of the BBA The report of internal monitoring will contain: (i) accomplishment to-date, (ii) objectives attained and not attained during the period, (iii) problems encountered, and (iv) suggested options for corrective measures. The internal monitoring reports submitted by the INGO will be synthesized by the CSC resettlement specialists. The international resettlement specialist (IRS) with the CSC will assist PD in preparing the overall resettlement status in the PPR in consultation with the national resettlement specialists (NRSs). However, the NRSs will particularly monitor the activities of INGO and report to PD, PMBP on a monthly basis under the guidance of the IRS External Monitoring 288. External monitoring will be carried out periodically for review and assessment of resettlement implementation, verification of the results of internal monitoring in the field, and suggesting adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures as required. The main objectives of external monitoring will be to review the RAP implementation and assess the achievements vis-à-vis resettlement objectives; changes in living standards and livelihoods of those affected; restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people; the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of entitlements, and the need for further mitigation measures. The overall aim of external monitoring will be to learn strategic lessons for future policy formulation and planning. External monitoring will be independent of BBA RU involved in implementation of the RAP External monitoring will be carried out on a quarterly basis. Mid-term and final evaluations will be done to assess the achievement of objectives of RAP against the performance impact indictors. A database for monitoring and evaluation, building upon the project's own M&E system will be developed for external monitoring. It will optionally include maps, charts, photographs of affected property, copies of contracts and land titles, payments, and valuation documents relating to resettlement M&E by Panel of Expert (PoE) 290. Panel of Experts (POE) with nominated members from co-financiers comprising of international and national technical experts will commission periodic monitoring and evaluation of RAP implementation. The objectives of POE supervision and monitoring will be to ensure safeguard compliance from respective safeguard policies of the co-financiers. POE monitoring focuses on achievement of targets of process indicators within agreed timeframe.

108 M&E by Co-financiers 291. In addition to POE missions, the co-financiers will also commission monitoring of progress in RAP implementation with respective safeguard specialists. The GOB has also commissioned a special committee for monitoring timeliness of the execution of the project activities Methodology and Approach 292. The M&E approach will be to identify and select a set of appropriate indicators and gathering information on them to assess the changes and variations. Participation of stakeholders especially the affected persons, women and vulnerable groups will be ensured in the M&E process. The process will also undertake various formal and informal surveys for impact analysis. Assessment of resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability will be carried through the M&E process for identification of lessons from the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project for building upon future policies on involuntary resettlement in the country Monitoring tools would include both quantitative and qualitative methods as follows: Sample household survey: a baseline household survey of representative sample (20% of affected households), disaggregated by gender and vulnerability to obtain information on the key indicators of entitlement delivery, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. Focused Group Discussions (FGD): Consult with a range of stakeholder groups (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders and APs including women and vulnerable groups). Key informant interviews: Consult individuals like local leaders, village workers or persons with special knowledge or experience about resettlement activities and implementation. Community public meetings: Open public meetings at resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various resettlement activities. Structured direct observations: Field observations on status of resettlement implementation, plus individual or group interviews for crosschecking purposes. Informal surveys/interviews: Informal surveys of APs, host village, workers, resettlement staff, and implementing agency personnel using non-sampled methods. In the case of special issues, in-depth case studies of APs and host populations from various social classes will be undertaken to assess impact of resettlement Institutional Arrangements for M&E 294. BBA will carry out internal M&E of the RAP implementation involving the RU field offices, implementing NGO and the construction supervision consultant (CSC). An independent external monitoring agency (EMA) will carry out M&E independent of the BBA. Project supervision consultant will oversee and monitor safeguard compliance of the project while the Panel of Experts (POE) will conduct periodic missions for the compliance monitoring. In addition, the co-financiers will conduct their own mission within their own framework of social and environmental compliance monitoring. The project affected persons, their community and local level NGOs will also participate in the M&E process (Figure 10.1) Office of the Project Director 295. The Project Director (PD) will be responsible to oversee proper and timely implementation of all activities in RAP. The RU within the Office of the PD will operate and manage implementation of RAP with the assistance from an appointed implementing NGO. The monitoring will be carried out by Head of RU with support from the Field Offices and the resettlement implementation NGO. The RU will establish an M&E Section at the head office headed by a Deputy Director in charge of M&E (DD- M&E). The M&E Section will have sufficient staff having appropriate skills and capacity, and necessary resources. The Implementing NGO will collect appropriate data from the field and provide feedback to BBA on progress of RAP implementation and the day to day problems arising out of the process.

109 The implementing NGO will prepare monthly/quarterly reports on the progress of RAP Implementation. RU M&E Section will collect information from the project site and assimilate in the form of monthly progress of RAP implementation and adjust work program where necessary, in case of delays or problems. An automated MIS will be designed and developed by INGO to monitor the output indicators at the BBA field and headquarters level Independent External Monitoring Agency 297. An External Monitoring Agency (EMA), independent of the project, with prior experience in resettlement and rehabilitation of developed induced displacements will be engaged to carry out the external M&E and reporting of the implementation of the RAP. The EMA will carry out quarterly, annual, mid-term and final evaluation and recommend necessary changes to the Head of RU and the PD, PMBP for consideration. The scope of external monitoring will cover compliance monitoring and social impact evaluation of RAP implementation. A sample TOR for hiring an Independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) is attached as Annex IV The EMA will cover the compliance issues such as (i) compensation and entitlement policies, (ii) adequacy of organizational mechanism for implementing the RAP, (iii) restoration of APs incomes, (iv) settling complaints and grievances, and (v) provisions for adequate budgetary support by BBA for implementing the RAP. The EMA will assess if the APs: (i) have been provided with alternative sites for relocation; (ii) have reestablished their structures; (iii) have reestablished their business; and (iii) were extended assistance to restore their incomes from pre-project levels. It will also appraise the accounting documents used in recording the payments of compensation to APs by BBA. In addition to this at least once a year an annual impact evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the work being undertaken and level of results achieved. Figure 10.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Executive Director BBA POE Co-financiers Project Director PMO, PMBP Co-financiers ADB, IDB, JICA, WB CSC Superintending Engineer RU, PMBP External Monitoring Agency (EMA) Team Leader Implementing NGO RU, Field (BBA) Local Communities, NGOs INGO, Field PAPs 10.8 Reporting Requirements 299. The Head of RU responsible for supervision and implementation of the RAP will prepare monthly progress reports on resettlement activities to PD, PMBP. PD will submit quarterly reports to the co-financiers. The EMA will submit bi-annual review directly to co-financiers and determine

110 95 whether resettlement goals have been achieved, more importantly whether livelihoods and living standards have been restored/enhanced and suggest suitable recommendations for improvement. Monitoring reports will be submitted at regular intervals as specified. Both monitoring and evaluation will form parts of regular activities and reporting on this will be extremely important in order to undertake mid-way corrective steps. Table 10.1 provides details on the content and timing for various report associated with M&E. Table 10.1 Reporting Cycle/Frequency Activity Content Timeline Responsibility Monthly Progress Report Narrative as per Monitoring Plan format giving details on Submitted within 10 days of the next INGO activity, results, issues month affecting performance and variance if any and reason for same and corrections recommended Quarterly Financial Reports Expenditure vs. budgeted amount by budget heads and sub heads Submitted within 30 days of end of financial quarter BBA Quarterly Project Progress Report (R&R) Narrative as per monitoring program on R&R issues in the PPR Submitted within 20 days of the end of quarter BBA/CSC Quarterly, Mid-term (half yearly) and Annual Reports Narrative as per reporting format giving details on activity, results, issues affecting performance and variance if any and reason for same and corrections recommended Submitted within 30 days after the mid and year end EMA Annual Financial Audit Professional audit of accounts prepared by a qualified Chartered Accountant Within 90 days of the end of fiscal year BBA Final Report Project achievements, failures and impacts Submitted within 90 days of end of the project EMA

111 96 Annex I: Harmonization of Co-financiers Safeguard Policies Aspect Objectives ADB SPS 2009 World Bank JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Harmonized Policy 1. Avoid involuntary resettlement Avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible Involuntary resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. Avoid involuntary resettlement and adverse impacts on people and communities, wherever feasible. 2. Minimize involuntary resettlement Minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives Minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring all viable alternative project designs When, after such an examination, avoidance is proved unfeasible, effective measures to minimize impact and to compensate for losses must be agreed upon with the people who will be affected. If displacement is unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by: (i) exploring alternative project designs; (ii) Effective measures to minimize impact in consultation with the people who are affected.

112 97 Aspect 3. Mitigate adverse social impacts Core Principles ADB SPS 2009 To enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all affected persons in real terms relative to pre-project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups. World Bank Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) People who must be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by project proponents etc. in a timely manner. Harmonized Policy Where IR is unavoidable, effective measures to mitigate adverse social and economic impacts on affected persons by: (a) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost; (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites. 1. Identify, assess and address the potential social and economic impacts Screen the project early on to identify past, present and future involuntary resettlement impacts and risks. Determine the scope of resettlement planning through a survey and/or census of displaced persons, including gender analysis, specifically related to resettlement impacts and risks Through census and socioeconomic surveys of the affected population, identify, assess, and address the potential economic and social impacts of the project that are caused by involuntary taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the The impacts to be assessed with regard to environmental and social considerations. These also include social impacts, including migration of population and involuntary resettlement, local economy such as employment and livelihood, utilization of land and local resources, social institutions such as social capital and local decision- Assess at an early stage of the project cycle the potential social and economic impacts caused by involuntary taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected person must move to another location) or involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas and to determine who will be eligible for compensation and assistance.

113 98 Aspect 2. Prepare mitigation plans for affected persons ADB SPS 2009 Develop resettlement plan on the basis of assessment during project processing, with the intent that plan will guide refinements of impact estimates and mitigating measures as project parameters are finalized. World Bank affected person must move to another location) or involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. To address the Project impacts, prepare resettlement plan or a resettlement policy framework prior to Project appraisal, estimating to the extent possible the total population to be affected and the overall resettlement costs. JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) making institutions, existing social infrastructures and services, vulnerable social groups such as poor and indigenous peoples, equality of benefits and losses and equality in the development process, gender, children s rights, cultural heritage, local conflicts of interest, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and working conditions including occupational safety. People who must be resettled involuntarily and people whose means of livelihood will be hindered or lost must be sufficiently compensated and supported by project proponents etc. in a timely manner. Harmonized Policy Preparation of Resettlement Plan or Resettlement Framework (RF) during Project processing to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement. The plan will provide estimate of the extent of total population affected and establish entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. 3. Consider alternative project design Explore viable alternative project designs to avoid and/or minimize involuntary resettlement. Assess all viable alternative project designs to avoid, where feasible, or minimize involuntary resettlement. Involuntary resettlement and loss of means of livelihood are to be avoided when feasible by exploring all viable alternatives. Multiple alternative proposals must be examined to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and physical, or economic displacement and to choose a better project option while balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits.

114 99 Aspect ADB SPS 2009 World Bank JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Harmonized Policy 4. Involve and consult with stakeholders Carry out meaningful consultations with affected persons, host communities, and concerned nongovernment organizations. Inform all displaced persons of their entitlements and resettlement options. Ensure their participation in planning, implementation and M&E of resettlement programs. Pay particular attention to the needs of the vulnerable groups, especially those below poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children and Indigenous people, and those without title to land, and ensure their participation in consultations. Establish a grievance redress mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the APs concerns. Support the social and cultural institutions of displaced persons and their host population. Consult project-affected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation. Appropriate participation by affected people and their communities must be promoted in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of resettlement action plans and measures to prevent the loss of their means of livelihood. Consult project-affected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation.

115 100 Aspect 5. Disclose and inform APs of RP and mitigation measures ADB SPS 2009 Disclose the resettlement plan and other relevant information in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public. World Bank Disclose draft resettlement plans, including documentation of the consultation process, in a timely manner, before appraisal formally begin, in an accessible place and in a form and language that are understandable to key stakeholders. JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) For projects that will result in large-scale involuntary resettlement, resettlement action plans must be prepared and made available to the public. In preparing a resettlement action plan, consultations must be held with the affected people and their communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. Harmonized Policy Disclose the resettlement plan including documentation of the consultation process, in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in an accessible place for a reasonable minimum period. 6. Support existing social and cultural institutions of the affected persons Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions are supported and used to the extent possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained. To the extent possible, the existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and any host communities are preserved and resettlers preferences with respect to relocating in pre-existing communities and groups are honoured. The impacts to be assessed with regard to environmental and social considerations. These also include social impacts, including social institutions such as social capital and local decisionmaking institutions, existing social infrastructures and services, vulnerable social groups such as poor and indigenous peoples. Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions of the resettlers and any host communities are supported and used to the extent possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained. Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned. The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project.

116 101 Aspect ADB SPS 2009 World Bank JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Harmonized Policy 7. Build capacity of the borrower(s) in IR implementation Assist in building capacity of DMCs on best practice on involuntary resettlement planning and implementation Financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations. JICA makes efforts to enhance the comprehensive capacity of organizations and operations in order for project proponents etc., to have consideration for environmental and social factors, appropriately and effectively, at all times Assist in building capacity of DMCs on best practice on involuntary resettlement planning and implementation Financing of technical assistance to strengthen the capacities of agencies responsible for resettlement, or of affected people to participate more effectively in resettlement operations. Project Processing Benchmark Screening Every development intervention will be screened, as early as possible in the project cycle, to identify the people who may be beneficially and adversely affected, and to determine the scope of a social assessment to assess those affects and impacts. - Before starting an environmental review of a project, JBIC classifies the project into one of the following categories. The subsequent environmental review will then be conducted in accordance with the procedures for that category. JBIC requests the borrowers and related parties to submit the necessary information promptly so that it may perform the screening process at an early stage. Every development intervention will be screened, as early as possible in the project cycle, to identify the people who may be beneficially and adversely affected, and to determine the scope of a social assessment to assess those affects and impacts.

117 102 Aspect Categorization ADB SPS 2009 The ADB IR requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. World Bank Project displaces fewer than 200 people & entails Minor Resettlement impacts namely a) all the DPs lose less than 10% of their land, regardless of the number of APs b) the remainder of their land is economically viable; c) they have no need for physical relocation Project that displace more than 200 people and entail major impacts JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Projects that are likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and society are categorized as Category A even if they are not included in the sectors, characteristic, or areas on the list. Sensitive Characteristics (1)Large-scale involuntary resettlement Harmonized Policy Categorize impacts by significance and define the scale of impacts both direct and indirect with particular attention to economic and livelihood impacts Plan mitigations for all types of losses in the RP Social Assessment The borrower/client will conduct socioeconomic surveys and a census, with appropriate socioeconomic baseline data to identify all persons who will be displaced by the project and to assess the project s socioeconomic impacts on them. As part of the social impact assessment, the borrower will identify individuals and groups who may be differentially or disproportionately affected by the project because of their disadvantaged or vulnerable status. The impacts to be assessed with regard to environmental and social considerations. These also include social impacts, including migration of population and involuntary resettlement, local economy such as employment and livelihood, utilization of land and local resources, social institutions such as social capital and local decisionmaking institutions, existing social infrastructures and Social Assessment be conducted as early as possible, and will specifically consider any impacts upon particularly poor and vulnerable Affected Persons.

118 103 Aspect Resettlement Plan ADB SPS 2009 The borrower will prepare a resettlement plan, if the proposed project, will have involuntary resettlement impacts. The objective of the Resettlement plans will elaborate ob displaced persons entitlements, the income and livelihood restoration strategy, institutional arrangements, monitoring & reporting framework, budget and a time-bound implementation schedule. World Bank To cover the direct social and economic impacts that that are caused by the involuntary taking of land and/or the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas, the borrower will prepare a Resettlement plan or resettlement policy framework. The RP or framework will include measures to ensure that the displaced persons are provided assistance during relocation; provided with residential housing, or housing sites, or as required agricultural sites; offered transitional support; provided with development assistance JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) services, vulnerable social groups such as poor and indigenous peoples, equality of benefits and losses and equality in the development process, gender, children s rights, cultural heritage, local conflicts of interest, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and working conditions including occupational safety. For projects that will result in large-scale involuntary resettlement, resettlement action plans must be prepared and made available to the public. In preparing a resettlement action plan, consultations must be held with the affected people and their communities based on sufficient information made available to them in advance. Harmonized Policy For all interventions that involve resettlement or physical or economic displacement, a resettlement plan will be prepared which will establish the entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. The RP will lay down appropriate time-bound actions and budgets, and the full costs of resettlement, compensation, and rehabilitation will be included in the presentation of the costs and benefits of the development intervention.

119 104 Aspect ADB SPS 2009 World Bank in addition to compensation. JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Harmonized Policy Supervision - The Bank regularly supervises resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument. Monitoring The borrower will monitor and measure the progress of implementation of the resettlement plan. For projects with significant involuntary resettlement impacts, the borrower will retain qualified and experienced external experts or qualified NGOs to verify the borrowers monitoring information. The borrower will prepare semiannual monitoring reports that describe the progress of the implementation of the resettlement activities and any compliance issues and corrective actions. The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. Over a certain period of time, JICA confirms with project proponents etc. the results of monitoring the items that have significant environmental impacts. This is done in order to confirm that project proponents etc. are undertaking environmental and social considerations for projects that fall under Categories A, B, and FI. After projects begin, project proponents etc. monitor whether any unforeseeable situations occur and whether the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures are consistent with the assessment s prediction. They then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring. Regular supervision on resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument. The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. It is desirable that the project proponents monitor: (i) whether any situations that were unforeseeable before the project began have arisen; (ii) the implementation situation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring (iii) involve independent external experts for resettlement monitoring (iv) monitoring reports must be made public and additional steps to be taken, if required.

120 105 Aspect Evaluation ADB SPS 2009 World Bank Assess whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved, upon completion of the project, taking account of the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement monitoring. JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations (April 2010) Harmonized Policy Mid-term evaluation to assess performance of RP implementation Assess whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved, upon completion of the project, taking account of the baseline conditions and the results of resettlement monitoring.

121 106 Annex II Gaps and Gap-filling Measures in Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) Aspect Objectives 1.Avoid involuntary resettlement Harmonized Policy Avoid involuntary resettlement and adverse impacts on people and communities, wherever feasible. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Avoidance of resettlement is not specifically mentioned in the 1982 Ordinance focus on mitigation than avoidance. Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Gaps with regard to this principle to avoid resettlement impact thru alternative options. Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP Padma RF adheres to this principle - i.e., avoid resettlement impacts where feasible 2.Minimize involuntary resettlement If displacement is unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by (i) exploring alternative project designs; (ii) effective measures to minimize impact in consultation with the people who are affected. The law only implicitly discourages unnecessary and excess land acquisition, as excess land remains idle and unused and lands acquired for one purpose cannot be used for a different purpose. Land that remains unused should be returned to the original owner(s). Section 3/under 1982 Ordinance requires notification only; no consultation is required - Minimize displacement of people as much as possible by exploring all viable design alternatives. - If unavoidable, provide for prompt payment of just compensation, replacement cost (for lost assets and income) and rehabilitation and livelihood assistance, towards better condition than before relocation for all displaced households, regardless of (land) tenure. Unused land be returned back to the original owners through deacquisition. 3.Mitigate adverse social impacts Where IR is unavoidable, effective measures to mitigate adverse social and economic impacts on affected persons by: (a) providing compensation for loss of assets at replacement cost; (b) ensuring that resettlement activities are implemented with appropriate disclosure of information, consultation, and the informed The mitigation measures are cash compensation only for lost assets. The complexities of resettlement is not addressed by the Ordinance Only cash-based compensation for acquired assets. The impacts of loss of land, houses and the need for resettlement are not considered. Provision for replacement value for assets lost (i.e., land, structures, trees etc.) at replacement cost. Resettlement in projectsponsored sites with civic amenities. Separate Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan RPs to be disclosed to the community and available in Bangla. The good practices are derived from the Jamuna resettlement model.

122 107 Aspect Harmonized Policy participation of those affected (c) improve or at least restore the livelihoods and standards of living of displaced persons, and (d) improve living conditions among displaced persons through provision of adequate housing with security of tenure at resettlement sites. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP Core Principles 1.Identify, assess and address the potential social and economic impacts Assess at an early stage of the project cycle the potential social and economic impacts caused by involuntarily taking of land (e.g. relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets, loss of income sources or means of livelihood The 1982 Ordinance requires preparation of a Land Acquisition Plan (LAP) for land acquisition and compensation purposes. However GOB environmental rules/guidelines (1997) synchronize various applicable laws and policy frameworks of the country for early identification of impacts on biophysical, socioeconomic and cultural environment of a project intervention and their mitigation. Requires the assessment of technical alternatives, including the no action alternative to minimize adverse environmental impacts, include impact on human health and safety. EIA identifies measures to minimize the Impact assessments are typically done in the case of externally funded projects; otherwise, a land acquisition plan is prepared for acquisition purposes. Project impacts on properties, livelihoods and employment, health and environment are discussed in IEE/EIA reports, but do not provide enough information to determine losses and basis for compensation. Existing laws do not have provision for identification of indigenous people to recognize their particular problem and inconveniences due to a project. RF requires identification of impacts caused by displacement whether or not through land acquisition (maintaining the principle that lack of formal title to land should not be a bar to compensation and resettlement assistance), including number of affected persons. The Framework also addresses both direct and indirect impacts.

123 108 Aspect Harmonized Policy GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines problems and recommends ways to improve the projects sustainability. Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP 2. Prepare mitigation plans for affected persons Preparation of Resettlement Plan or Resettlement Framework (RF) during Project processing to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement. The plan will provide estimate of the extent of total population affected and establish entitlements of all categories of affected persons (including host communities), with particular attention paid to the needs of the poor and the vulnerable. The Deputy Commissioners (DCs) have the mandate in their respective jurisdiction as per law to acquire land for any requiring person (public agency or private person). The requiring body requests the Deputy Commissioners for acquisition of land for their project/scheme. DCs investigate physically the requirement of land and carry out Joint Verifications of assets and type of land for assessing the quantity of losses (u/s 8(1) of the law). Affected titled holders receive the assessed value and 50% on that for compulsory acquisition Fair compensation is required for acquisition of land which is dependent on recorded data with relevant government agencies (subregistrar s office for land, PWD for structure, DAE for crops, DOF for trees, etc.). Affected owners have the right to appeal on acquisition or on the compensation amounts determined as per law. Existing law and methods of assessment do not ensure full replacement cost of property at current market price. The law does not consider resettlement or rehabilitation of affected persons or their loss of income or livelihood resources. Market value of property is often found low in respect of current market price, it can be raised, if appealed, by a maximum of 10 percent each time which in most case is not sufficient to match with real market price. Padma RF requires full census and/or updating, where possible, for upto-date database. RPs will be developed on the updated survey data Provide guidelines to ensure displaced persons and communities compensation for lost assets at full replacement costs and other assistance to help them improve or at least restore their standard of living at pre-project level. Includes special attention to gender and preparation of gender action plan

124 109 Aspect 3. Consider alternative project design Harmonized Policy Multiple alternative proposals must be examined to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and physical, or economic displacement and to choose a better project option while balancing environmental social and financial costs and benefits. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Feasibility studies including social, political, cultural and environmental impact assessments, detailed engineering surveys as basis for acquisition of private property or rights. Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB No specific laws for considering project design to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement. Feasibility study considers cost-benefit more from technical than socio-cultural considerations. Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP Padma RF considers feasible alternative project design to avoid or at least minimize physical or economic displacement, while balancing environmental, social, technical and financial costs and benefits. 4. Involve and consult with stakeholders Consult projectaffected persons, host communities and local nongovernmental organizations, as appropriate. Provide them opportunities to participate in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of the resettlement program, especially in the process of developing and implementing the procedures for determining eligibility for compensation benefits and development assistance (as documented in a resettlement plan), and for establishing appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms. Pay particular attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among those displaces, especially those below the poverty line, the landless, the elderly, women and children, Indigenous Peoples, The 1982 Ordinance have provisions (Section 3 and 3/2 ) to notify the owners of property to be acquired. Any party having any objections can appear to DC for a hearing with 15 days of notification. There is no provision in the law for consulting the stakeholders but the land allocation committees at district, division and central government level. People have limited scope to negotiate with the government on the price of land, but have no right to refuse acquisition. Padma RF has provisions for community consultation and public disclosure of impacts as well as mitigation measures, including disclosure of Resettlement Plan. Further, grievances redressal procedures involving cross-section of people, including representative of affected persons, have been established for accountability and democratization of the development process

125 110 Aspect Harmonized Policy ethnic minorities, or other displaced persons who may not be protected through national land compensation legislation. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP 5. Disclose and inform APs of RP and mitigation measures 6. Support existing social and cultural institutions of the affected persons Disclose the resettlement plan including documentation of the consultation process, in a form and language(s) accessible to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in an accessible place for a reasonable minimum period. Ensure that the existing social and cultural institutions of the resettlers and any host communities are supported and used to the extent possible, including legal, policy and institutional framework of the country to the extent that the intent and spirit of the IR policy is maintained. Projects must be adequately coordinated so that they are accepted in manner that is socially appropriate to the country and locality in which the Project is planned. The SEA should include an assessment of compliance with The 1982 Ordinance requires a notice to be published at convenient places on or near the property in a prescribed form and manner stating that the property is proposed to be acquired (u/section 3). --- Disclosure takes place in case of donorfunded projects. No provision in any existing laws. Padma RF requires disclosure of Draft RPs to the affected communities in a form or language(s) that are understandable to key stakeholders, civil society, particularly affected groups and the general public in a national workshop. Further, updated RPs will be disclosed based on material changes as a result of the concerns of affected families. Jamuna resettlement established this as a good practice in resettlement operation. Affected households were given options for relocation in accordance with their choices and support available from existing social networks. Host resettlers relation was enhanced by providing civic amenities and infrastructure services to the host villages. Padma RF has similar provisions to enhance carrying capacity of the host villages in postrelocation period.

126 111 Aspect Harmonized Policy applicable host country laws, regulations, and permits, and relevant social and environmental impacts and risks of the project. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP Supervision For all interventions that involve resettlement or physical or economic displacement, a resettlement plan will be prepared. The RP will lay down appropriate timebound actions and budgets, and the full costs of resettlement, compensation, and rehabilitation will be included in the presentation of the costs and benefits of the development intervention. No provision in the 1982 Ordinance. There is no law or directives on the supervision of the land acquisition process by Deputy Commissioner. Resettlement supervision in the Padma will follow the Jamuna model with cofinanciers periodic milestone meeting, supervision by CSC safeguard specialist, mid-term review of resettlement performance and regular supervision of resettlement operations by the Resettlement Unit of BBA. Monitoring Regular supervision on resettlement implementation to determine compliance with the resettlement instrument. The 1982 Ordinance II has provision that the DC will monitor and submit a statement to the Government annually about the properties acquired for different requiring bodies and mode of utilization of the land. Existing laws not have any provision for rehabilitation of project affected persons and therefore, no monitoring is done. Padma RF has provision for internal, external monitoring, plus periodic monitoring by independent POE to be hired by co-financiers fund. Monitoring results will be shared and findings will be used for enhancement, if needed. Evaluation The borrower is responsible for adequate monitoring & evaluation of the activities set forth in the resettlement instrument. It is desirable that the project proponents monitor: No provision for evaluations of the post-displaced lives of the affected households and communities CSC Safeguard Specialist will conduct annual evaluation of the performance of resettlement operations as well as impacts of resettlement during and after implementation of resettlement plans to assess resettlement

127 112 Aspect Harmonized Policy (i) whether any situations that were unforeseeable before the project began have arisen; (ii) the implementation situation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures prepared in advance, and that they then take appropriate measures based on the results of such monitoring (iii) involve independent external experts for resettlement monitoring (iv) Monitoring reports must be made public and additional steps to be taken, if required. GOB 1982 Ordinance II and other applicable laws/guidelines Gaps between Harmonized Policy and GOB Safeguard Measures Adopted in PMBP efficiency, effectiveness, impacts, and sustainability. POE will also conduct evaluations to reflect broadly on the success or weaknesses in RP implementation and lessons learned.

128 113 ANNEX III: TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR COORDINATING-NGO (CNGO) FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION PLAN (ILRP) A. PROJECT BACKGROUND 1. In order to provide direct connection between the central and southwestern part of the country, Government of Bangladesh (GOB) intends construction of a bridge on the mighty River Padma on Mawa-Jajira points and has undertaken the Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (the Project). This project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable, and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study 70 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS) 71 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design 72 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high priority project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September According to the most recent studies and estimates 73, a total of 12,000 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8000 households (HH) losing land, 3000 HHs losing structures and 1000 experiencing indirect or secondary impacts - for example loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters, etc 74 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 75,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. As a result an estimated 5506 households will be experiencing direct and indirect impact on their livelihoods affecting their usual living standards. Restoration of income of those affected to pre-project level is thus one of the most important tasks in resettlement management. The Project recognizes diminishing income and dislocation of livelihoods during and after relocation. As a result, in addition to providing compensation and resettlement benefits, an income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) will be implemented for income and livelihood restoration of those affected. B. OBJECTIVES OF THE ILRP 3. The main objective of the ILRP is to enhance or at least restore the income level of the livelihood affected people in the post relocation periods. The specific objectives of implementation of ILRP include the following: Identify potential livelihood opportunities that the target population can explore; Identify actions to help the target population access these opportunities; Facilitate likely partnerships between target population, local NGOs, and the public and private sector for market access, skills training, jobs and production. Facilitate capital support for undertaking income generating activities by the target population. Relocated in Resettlement Site-1 (RS-1) 70 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 72 ADB Loan BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), BIDS Census Survey, September Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April

129 114 Provide technical support for business planning, management and operation by the target population. C. STRATEGY FOR INCOME RESTORATION 4. The project will adopt a twofold approach for income restoration. The first phase will be short term to give immediate relief to affected households so as to meet their livelihood needs and whereas the second phase will be a long term one focusing on ensuring sustainable livelihood for affected households. C.1. Short-term Income Restoration Measures 5. The short-term income restoration measures will be for immediate assistance and will include the following measures: Compensation for land and other lost assets is paid in full prior to relocation. Temporary or short-term employment in construction activities at the resettlement or project construction sites; and Special assistance, appropriate to vulnerable groups such as women, the aged and the disabled. Assistance for small enterprises, which are farm based, non-farm based and river based. 6. Local people whose livelihood is impacted by the project will also get preference in jobs associated with the project construction. The jobs, in the semi-skilled and unskilled category, shall be offered to the APs on a preferential basis. C.2. Long-term Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP) 7. Long-term income and livelihood restoration program (ILRP) for post-relocation activities will be designed and implemented over a period of 10 years. The ILRP will be designed through identification of target group beneficiaries (TGBs) and assessing the needs and feasibility of potential income generating activities. 8. In order to ensure smooth implementation of the ILRP, a Social Development Fund (SDF) will be created by the Project. Allocation for the same has been included in the Project budgets. The SDF will be used for extending the following support to the affected households: Working capital Capacity building support and human resource cost required implementing the program. Business development services Market Linkages Skill development Women entrepreneurs Collective Enterprises Farm based inputs and extension services. D. SCOPE OF WORK 9. While the Short-term income restoration support will be provided under the scope of the RAP and will be undertaken by the RAP implementing NGO, this ToRs are for engagement of an experienced national NGOs who can design and coordinate the implementation of the long-term ILRP. 10. The Coordinating-NGO (CNGO) will be selected from willing national NGOs. The CNGO will identify local level NGOs having long presence in the area and skills to implement the ILRP. The CNGO will guide and build the capacity of local NGOs for effective implementation. The entire focus will result based and on achievement of results. After completion of income & livelihood restoration program, the local NGOs will support the local communities in capacity

130 115 building ensuring sustainability of the various programs. Both the CNGO and partner NGOs will be engaged by BBA. 11. The CNGO will specifically undertake the following activities to implement the ILRP: (a) Review the baseline data on existing livelihood pattern and opportunities, and the preferences on alternative occupations and livelihood activities created by BIDS survey and recheck viability of options for alternative income generation ventures/occupations to fit with the capacity, age and gender of the potential TGPs and their access to market. (b) 100% household survey for skills assessment of the members of livelihood affected households by age and gender. (c) Design and carry out feasibility study of alternative occupations considering the demand and saturation level, and capacity and vulnerability of TGPs. (d) Review the potentials for trading, fish cultivation, tourism, design stitching, garments making, cash crop cultivation, farming, etc. as appropriate. (e) Identify the potential members of affected families for bringing them under the ILRP. (f) Analyze market to generate information for affected persons on potential market opportunities. (g) Assess labor market potential and opportunities by gathering national data and incorporating district level studies on the same issue. (h) Identify local level NGOs to partner field plan and implementation of the ILRP and recommend a short list of NGOs for selection as local partner NGO. (i) Identify organizations/ngos and buyers at the district level and in Dhaka those provide job training and/or business development services. (j) Prepare an inventory of agencies and/or companies looking for unskilled and skilled labour and update the inventory on a regular basis. (k) Identify and negotiate international buyers and NGOs that may opt for handicrafts, garments, and agro-product purchase from the entrepreneurs and artisans at the resettlement sites, charland, and host areas. (l) Disseminate information on training opportunities, job opportunities, market opportunities to the livelihood groups. (m) Organize national level workshop on livelihood and linkage development. (n) Link beneficiaries for marketing products and/or services or help them establish new networks. (o) Assess needs and process disbursement and recovery of credits from the individuals and livelihood groups as appropriate. (p) Prepare micro-plan for individuals or livelihood groups for training and investment for approval from the BBA for implementation. (q) Prepare business plan, provide capital support and supervise income generation activities integrating buyers and outside entrepreneurs, feasible occupations and trades and production. (r) Monitoring, identification of weaknesses and devise and take corrective measures.

131 116 E. TEAM COMPOSITION 12. Expertise on livelihood assessment, employment generation and investment are the basic requirement for effective implementation of the ILRP. The willing NGOs should hence apply its staff resources with the field of specialization and skills as shown in Table 2. Table 1. Professional Staff with Qualification and Experience Position/expertise 1. Team Leader/ Social Development Specialist Qualification and experience Masters in economics/management with 10 years working background in similar fields including needs assessment, skills based training, human resource development, formation of groups, community mobilization, identification of livelihoods for poor target beneficiaries and managing micro-credit. Knowledge of government targets and programs on poverty reduction, women empowerment and participation will be an added qualification. Past experience in development induced or disaster driven relocation and resettlement is required. 2. Livelihood Specialist The consultant should have a master s degree in social science and a minimum of 10 years experience in participatory development field. S/he should have experience in dealing with the private sector, and linkage development and marketing. Individuals with specific experience in planning and implementation of small scale / micro enterprise projects in private sector. 3. Agriculture Extension and Development Specialist 4. NGO Operation Specialist The consultant should have a master s degree from agriculture college/univerty with minimum of 10 years experience as agriculture extension officer. The tasks include assessment of local farming practices, needs of the affected farmers, development of crop diversification, marketing in liaision with district/upazila agricultural extension officers. Masters in management/development studies/sociology/ economics with 5 years past experience in dealing with NGOs in any public and private sector organizations. Persons having 10 years working experience in large NGOs in joint venture projects are also eligible. The incumbent should be capable of assessing the performance of NGOs and monitor their activities for livelihood generation activities. 5. Gender Specialist Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in relevant field; Thorough knowledge of gender issues and their implications in development projects; research and work experience relating to gender issues; and knowledge of techniques and their applications in mobilizing community participation in development programs. 6. Financial/Investment Analyst Masters in finance, accounting, with 10 years experience or chartered accountant/cost accountant with 5 years practical experience in project formulation, investment design and project management.

132 In addition, the CNGO shall use the staff resources over 10 years period including support staff as indicated in the Table 2 below: Table 2 Team Composition and Staff Inputs Position No. Duration (In years) Total Input (manmonth) 1. Team Leader Livelihood Specialist Agriculture Extension and Development Specialist NGO Operation Specialist Gender Specialist Financial/Investment Analyst Field Workers Accountant Office Assistant F. TIME FRAME AND REPORTING 14. The CNGO will be employed over a period of 10 years, with intermittent inputs from the professional team, to synchronize project activities and ensure sustainable income restoration by the affected persons. The CNGO will partner local NGOs for the similar duration. A post evaluation will be carried out after one year of completion of the ILRP in the field. 15. The ILRP must include concrete actions for income restoration, including budget, timetables, responsibility for implementation, economic assumptions and risks and contingency arrangements. The Reports will include, but not limited, to the following: 1. Inception Report: A review of current socioeconomic conditions of the PAP including income baseline, if existing data is not sufficient, carry out supplementary socio-economic survey A summary of APs preferences for training and income restoration (indicating description of methods used to elicit APs views) A summary of potential training and income restoration programs (based on identified economic activities and opportunities prevalent in the area) and options available to APs and of the process of matching APs to particular programs or activities A gender strategy for the Program. 2. Income & Livelihood Restoration Program Plan Detailed feasibility studies of the technical, economic, financial and institutional viability of the proposed income restoration programs 75, including realistic estimation of incomes to be received by participating APs and the number of APs that can participate in each activity A time-bound plan on specific programs for poor and vulnerable APs 75 Can be existing or planned programs of the Government, NGOs, and other agencies within the project area with appropriate strategies to link up with or expand such programs.

133 118 A time-bound plan for development of human resources (appropriate trainings which have an established employment demand) A time-bound plan on job creation and provision of access to capital for small enterprise,, and agro-industry) Arrangements and indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of training and income restoration programs and for modifying plans found to be ineffective Implementation Arrangements including specific tasks and responsibilities for partner NGOs/agencies and of local authorities and concerned agencies to be involved in the program Budget and Implementation Schedule 3. Progress Reports (on a Quarterly basis) 16. The content will include progress based on arrangements and monitoring indicators as set out in the income restoration plan report. It will also include satisfaction of APs, problems encountered and strategies or resolutions agreed on. 4. Completion Report 17. It will include concise history of the program, evaluation of the implementation, including financial audit statements. 5. Post-Evaluation Report 18. It will include post-evaluation of the implementation, case studies, conclusion and lessons learned. G. QUALIFICATIONS OF A CNGO 19. Interested NGOs having experience in preparing and implementing (i) income restoration and livelihood restoration plan successfully will be short-listed through inviting expression of interest. Interesting NGOs will submit their expression of interests with statement of their capacity in terms of past experience in similar fields and available resources/expertise for qualifying the work for income restoration of affected persons. The stated experience must reflect gender perspective and experience to deal with the poor and vulnerable groups. 20. Proposals will be invited from the short-listed NGOs with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports. 21. The profile of consultant organization along with full CVs of monitors to be engaged must be submitted along with the proposal. H. BUDGET AND LOGISTICS 22. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, office accommodation, training, computer/software, transport, field expenses and other logistics necessary for field activities, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and evaluation work. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws. (Engr. Rafiqul Islam) Project Director Project Management Office (PMO) Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Dhaka

134 119 Annex IV: Terms of Reference for External Monitoring Agency (EMA) A. Project Background 1. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project will provide direct connectivity between the central and southwestern part of the country through a fixed link on the Padma River. This Project is co-financed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB). Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) is the executing agency (EA) of the Project. The Project covers three districts Munshiganj (Mawa/North bank) and Shariatpur and Madaripur (Janjira/South bank). The bridge is designed to be an approximately 6.15 km long fixed crossing double deck steel bridge over the River Padma with provisions for a four lane divided motorway, a rail line, gas pipeline, optic fiber cable, and power transmission lines on the bridge. A pre-feasibility study 76 was carried out in 1999, followed by a JICA-funded Feasibility Study (FS) 77 in 2005 for preparation of the Padma Bridge. The FS formed the basis for the Government to proceed with the current detailed design 78 and construction plan for the bridge. As a high priority project of the GOB, an accelerated design program has been adopted to start the construction of the bridge in September According to the most recent studies and estimates, 79 a total of 12,000 households will be affected by the project. This includes 8000 households (HH) losing land, 3000 losing structures and 1000 experiencing indirect or secondary impacts - for example loss of businesses by vendors, shop owners, boat operators, beggars, porters 80 due to closure of ferries in Mawa and Janjira sides. All in all, it is anticipated that about 75,000 persons will be affected directly and indirectly by the Project in Munshiganj, Shariatpur and Madaripur districts. A land acquisition and resettlement policy framework (RPF) has been adopted harmonizing the co-financiers safeguards requirements and the national legislations on land acquisition. Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) have been prepared for phase-wise Project components in line with the accelerated design process for compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration of the affected people. 3. BBA has already mobilsed an implementing NGO (INGO) to implement the RAPs for phase-wise components. The INGO will implement the RAPs as per the resettlement policy, ensure stakeholders participation as per the project need, and provide technical assistance for compensation and assistance to the APs. A monitoring mechanism has also been framed and adopted in the RAPs involving the BBA, the INGO, consultants and the co-financiers. 4. BBA seeks to engage an independent External Monitoring Agency (EMA) to review the internal monitoring and undertake third party monitoring & evaluation of the RAP implementation process for the Government of Bangladesh and the co-financiers. B. Key Objective of External Monitoring 5. Monitoring is an integral part of the resettlement process. As part of this Project, a threetier monitoring system has been designed to monitor and evaluate the progress of the Social Action Plan. These 3-levels comprise of: a) Internal monitoring at EA level involving the INGO and BBA-RU field offices; b) monitoring by project construction supervision consultant (CSC) and c) independent external monitoring. The primary objective for engaging an independent external monitor is to review the efficacy of internal monitoring, design and conduct periodic third party 76 Padma Bridge Study: Pre-Feasibility Report (Vol. VI/Annex G - Resettlement Policy and Data), RPT/ Nedeco/BCL, February Feasibility Study of Padma Bridge in Bangladesh Final Report (Nippon Koei Co. Ltd, 2005). 78 ADB Loan BAN: Padma Multipurpose Bridge Design (formerly Padma Multipurpose Bridge Engineering TA Loan), BIDS Census Survey, September Bangladesh Bridge Authority, 2006, Resettlement Action Plan, Dhaka, April

135 120 monitoring and feedback BBA and co-financiers on policy improvement and enhancement of implementation process. The External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will review implementation process as per set policies in the RAPs and assess the achievement of resettlement objectives, the changes in living standards and livelihoods, restoration of the economic and social base of the affected people, the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of entitlements, the need for further mitigation measures if any, and to learn strategic lessons for future policy formulation and planning. C. Scope of Work 6. The scope of work of the External Monitoring Agency (EMA) will include the following tasks: (1) To develop specific monitoring indicators for undertaking monitoring for Resettlement Action Plans (RAP), Public Consultation and Participation Plan (PCPP), Public Health Action Plan (PHAP), Gender Action Plan (GAP) and Income & Livelihood Restoration Plan (ILRP). (2) To review and verify the progress in land acquisition/resettlement implementation of the Project. (3) Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the land acquisition/resettlement objectives and approaches, implementation strategies. (4) Evaluate and assess the adequacy of compensation given to the APs and the livelihood opportunities and incomes as well as the quality of life of APs of project-induced changes. (5) Identification of the categories of impacts and evaluation of the quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements (compensation and rehabilitation measures) for each category and how the entitlements were used and their impact and adequacy to meet the specified objectives of the Plans. The quality and timeliness of delivering entitlements, and the sufficiency of entitlements as per approved policy. (6) To analyze the pre-and post-project socio-economic conditions of the affected people. In the absence of baseline socio-economic data on income and living standards, and given the difficulty of APs having accurate recollection of their pre-project income and living standards, develop some quality checks on the information to be obtained from the APs. Such quality checks could include verification by neighbors and local village leaders. The methodology for assessment should be very explicit, noting any qualifications. (7) Review results of internal monitoring and verify claims through sampling check at the field level to assess whether land acquisition/resettlement objectives have been generally met. Involve the affected people and community groups in assessing the impact of land acquisition for monitoring and evaluation purposes. (8) To monitor and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the consultative process with affected APs, particularly those vulnerable, including the adequacy and effectiveness of grievance procedures and legal redress available to the affected parties, and dissemination of information about these. (9) Identify, quantify, and qualify the types of conflicts and grievances reported and resolved and the consultation and participation procedures. (10) Provide a summary of whether involuntary resettlement was implemented (a) in accordance with the RAPs, and (b) in accordance with the stated policy. (11) To review the quality and suitability of the relocation sites from the perspective of the both affected and host communities. (12) Verify expenditure & adequacy of budget for resettlement activities.

136 121 (13) Describe any outstanding actions that are required to bring the resettlement activities in line with the policy and the RP. Describe further mitigation measures needed to meet the needs of any affected person or families judged and/or perceiving themselves to be worse off as a result of the Project. Provide a timetable and define budget requirements for these supplementary mitigation measures. (14) Describe any lessons learned that might be useful in developing the new national resettlement policy and legal/institutional framework for involuntary resettlement. D. Methodology and Approach 7. The general approach to be used is to monitor activities and evaluate impacts ensuring participation of all stakeholders especially women and vulnerable groups. Monitoring tools should include both quantitative and qualitative methods. The external monitor should reach out to cover: 100% APs who had property, assets, incomes and activities severely affected by Project works and had to relocate either to resettlement sites or who chose to self-relocate, or whose source of income was severely affected. 10% of persons who had property, assets, incomes and activities marginally affected by Project works and did not have to relocate; 10% of those affected by off-site project activities by contractors and sub-contractors, including employment, use of land for contractor's camps, pollution, public health etc.; 8. Supplemented by Focused Group Discussions (FGD) which would allow the monitors to consult a range of stakeholders (local government, resettlement field staff, NGOs, community leaders, and, most importantly, APs), community public meetings: Open public meetings at resettlement sites to elicit information about performance of various resettlement activities. E. Other Stakeholders and their Responsibility 1. Responsibility of BBA 9. Bangladesh Bridge Authority (BBA) through its Project Management Office at headquarters and in the RU-field offices will ensure timely supply of background references, data and project options to the independent monitor. It will ensure uninterrupted access to work sites, relevant offices of the GOB and BBA in particular. The independent external monitor will sit in quarterly coordination meetings with the BBA in presence of the supervision consultant and the BBA should organize that at PMO or Field level as appropriate. 10. Recommendation based on the result of the monitoring should be offered to BBA to cover up the deficiencies identified by the external monitor. BBA will accept the recommendations of the external monitor if it is within the scope of work and there is nothing incorrect in the report. 2. Responsibility of Supervision Consultant 11. The supervision consultant will provide appropriate protocol at site or at its Project Office for the mission of the EMA. It will on behalf of BBA ensure free access to work sites, impact areas and the database on resettlement and civil works. The supervision consultant will ensure timely intimation of its civil works planning as and when made or updated during the construction period and keep the external monitoring and evaluation consultant informed. 3. Responsibility of the Implementing NGO 12. The RAP implementing NGO will assist and cooperate the external monitor through providing free access to its database and the automated management information system (MIS).

137 122 It will provide copies of the progress reports and other reports as requested by the external monitor. The INGO may have to carry out surveys as well for fulfilment of the requirements of the external monitoring. 4. Co-financiers Panel of Experts (POE) 13. The POE will keep closer look into the activities of the external monitor in light of the social safeguard strategy and the involuntary resettlement guideline. It will ensure timely response from the EA on queries and recommendations from the independent monitor. F. Team Composition of the External Monitoring Agency 14. The EMA should focus on field based research on institutional arrangement, implementation strategy, policy objectives, and the targets. Data collection, processing and analysis to pin point problem areas and weaknesses, and to light on deserving measures to achieve the objectives on schedule are the special interest of the subject. Thus, there is a need for a dedicated monitoring team with adequate gender representation. Further, it is essential that the central team or field level coordinators responsible for monitoring, are skilled and trained in data base management, interview technique, and social and economic/finance. Keeping in mind these criteria, the team should ideally include: Position/expertise 1. Team Leader/ Implementation Specialist 2. Social Impact Specialist Qualification and experience Masters in social science with 15 years working background in planning, implementation and monitoring of involuntary resettlement for infrastructure projects. Experience in institutional capacity analysis and implementation arrangement for preparation and implementation of resettlement plans, and knowledge in latest social safeguard policies of the international development financing institutions in Bangladesh are preferred. Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in social impact assessment including census and socioeconomic surveys, stakeholders consultation, and analyzing social impacts to identify mitigation measures in compliance with social safeguard policies of the international development financing institutions and national legislations. Experience of preparing resettlement framework and action plans and implementation of plans for externally financed projects is essential. 3. Gender Specialist Masters in social science with 15 years working experience in relevant field; Thorough knowledge of gender issues and their implications in development projects; research and work experience relating to gender issues; and knowledge of techniques and their applications in mobilizing community participation in development programs. 4. Data Analyst Graduate with working experience and knowledge of software, preferably relational, those are most commonly used in Bangladesh; demonstrated ability to design and implement automated MIS(s) for monitoring progress, comparing targets with achieved progress and the procedural steps. G. Time Frame and Reporting

138 The EMA will be employed over a period of 5 years with intermittent inputs from the professional team to continue one year after completion of the RAP implementation. 16. Quarterly and annual monitoring reports should be submitted to the BBA with copies to the international co-financiers. An evaluation report at the end of the project should be submitted to the BBA and concerned parties with critical analysis of the achievement of the program and performance of BBA and INGO. 17. The external monitors will provide monitoring and evaluation report covering the following aspects: Whether the resettlement activities have been completed as planned and budgeted; The extent to which the specific objectives and the expected outcomes/results have been achieved and the factors affecting their achievement or non achievement; The extent to which the overall objective of the Resettlement Plan, pre project or improved social and economic status, livelihood status, have been achieved and the reasons for achievement / non achievement; Major areas of improvement and key risk factors; Major lessons learnt; and Recommendations. 18. Formats for collection and presentation of monitoring data will be designed in consultation with BBA, consultants and panel of experts. H. Qualification of the External Monitoring Agency 19. The EMA will have at least 10 years of experience in resettlement policy analysis and implementation of resettlement plans. Further, work experience and familiarity with all aspects of resettlement operations would be desirable. NGOs, Consulting Firms or University Departments (consultant organization) having requisite capacity and experience as follows can qualify for services of and external monitor for the project. a. NGOs registered with the Social Welfare Department of the GOB, Consulting Firms registered with the Joint Stock Company or Departments of any recognized university. b. The applicant should have prior experience in social surveys in land based infrastructure projects and preparation of resettlement plans (RP, RAP, LARP) as per guidelines on involuntary resettlement of any of the ADB, World Bank, JICA, DAC-OECD. c. The applicant should have extensive experience in implementation and monitoring of resettlement plans, preparation of implementation tools, and development and operation of automated MIS for monitoring. d. The applicant should be able to produce evidences of monitoring using structured instruments and computerized MIS with set criteria for measuring achievement. e. The applicant should have adequate manpower with capacity and expertise in the field of planning, implementation and monitoring of involuntary resettlement projects as per donor's guidelines. 20. Interested agencies should submit proposal for the work with a brief statement of the approach, methodology, and relevant information concerning previous experience on monitoring of resettlement implementation and preparation of reports. 21. The profile of consultant agency, along with full CVs of the team to be engaged, must be submitted along with the proposal.

139 124 I. Budget and Logistics 22. The budget should include all expenses such as staff salary, office accommodation, training, computer/software, transport, field expenses and other logistics necessary for field activities, data collection, processing and analysis for monitoring and evaluation work. Additional expense claims whatsoever outside the proposed and negotiated budget will not be entertained. VAT, Income Tax and other charges admissible will be deducted at source as per GOB laws. (Engr. Rafiqul Islam) Project Director Project Management Office (PMO) Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Dhaka

140 125 Annex V DETAIL LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT BUDGET, RAP-II Sl. No. Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in Amount in BDT BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 6, , ,805,644 2 Agricultural land dec. 76, ,559 3,088,565,304 3 Vita dec. 1, , ,714,079 4 Water-body dec. 1, ,386 44,209,084 5 Fallow land dec. 7, , ,136,627 93, ,028,430,737 Stamp duty and dec. 6 Registration 15% of Price 604,264,611 Sub Total 4,632,695,348 B. Standing Crops for dec. 38,366,540 76, acquired land C. I. Price of Structures 1 Kutcha sft. 188, ,718,328 Semi pucca sft. 19, ,357,068 Pucca sft. 36,994 1,872 69,252,768 Tin sft. 428, ,590,110 Thached sft. 38, ,342,453 Sub Total 711, ,260,727 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 4,110 19,524 80,243,640 2 Medium no. 9,681 11, ,814,440 3 Small no. 19,593 3,603 70,593,579 4 Sapling no. 5, ,721 II. Fruit-bearing trees 1 Large no. 10,833 7,039 76,253,487 2 Medium no. 4,746 4,117 19,539,282 3 Small no. 10,419 1,489 15,513,891 4 Sapling no. 10, ,325 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 57, ,754,546 2 Medium no. 38, ,480,994 3 Small no. 27, ,560,271 4 Sapling no. 8, ,418 IV. Fuel wood trees - 1 Large no ,508 4,373,376 2 Medium no ,747 3,349,520 3 Small no. 1,865 1,201 2,239,865 4 Sapling no. 1, ,070 V. Banana

141 126 1 Large no. 17, ,179,930 2 Medium no. 9, ,607,955 3 Small no. 7, ,957 4 Sapling no. 8, ,628 Sub Total 255, ,719,895 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 6, ,305,549 2 Agricultural land dec. 76, ,614,982 3 Vita dec. 1, ,698 4 Water-body dec. 1, ,037 5 Fallow land dec. 7, ,736 Sub Total 93, ,144,001 F Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to land Commercial and CRP structure with tittle to land Other Physical structure without title to land sft. 291,875 sft. 43,886 sft. 230, ,918, , ,300,612 Sub Total 565,822 5,877,650 G. Transfer Grant (TG) 1 Residential structure with sft. 291,875 tittle to land 7 2,043,123 Commercial and CRP sft. 43,886 2 structure with tittle to land ,861 Household and Other sft. 230,061 3 Physical structure without title to land 7 1,610,428 Sub Total 565,822 4,092,412 H. One Time Special Assistance Female Headed and Disabled Households Hardcore poor HH no. 5, ,000 Moving assistant for owner operated no. 5,000 1,315,000 commercial premises Sub Total 2,080,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/industrial premises (owner operated) 4,379,844

142 127 1 Kutcha sft. 29, ,696 2 Semi pucca sft. 4, ,850 3 Pucca sft. 10,074 1, ,941 4 Tin sft. 62, ,831,302 5 Thached sft. 3, ,055 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 17,451,600 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no ,800 9,424,800 2 Non-farm Labour 319 (unskilled) no. 13,200 4,210,800 3 Skilled non-farm labour no ,000 3,816,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of income 8,382,976 For rented out residential/commercial premises no. 4, ,000 For rented in residential/commercial accommodation (Renter) no. 4, ,000 Loss of 18,710 3 leased/mortgaged in land/ponds dec ,870,976 4 For losing more than 1,338 10% of income no. 4,000 5,352,000 Sub Total 30,214,419 J. Others Social Development 1 Fund for Income LS 30,000,000 Restoration Assistance 2 Adverse impact on Host population LS 3,000,000 3 Resettlement Site Development Cost LS - 4 Special Assistance for affected CRP LS 1,700,000 5 External Monitoring LS 5,000,000 6 Implementation of ILRP LS 1,875,000 Administrative overhead 7 for Land Acquisition for DCs (3% of land price) 120,852,922 8 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 30,000,000 Sub Total 192,427,922 Total 5,876,878,916

143 128 K. Contingency (10% of Total) 587,687,892 Grand Total (Total + K) 6,464,566,807

144 129 RAP-II BUDGET, MUNSHIGANJ DISTRICT Sl. No. Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 135,433 3, Agricultural land dec. 109,482 10, Vita dec. 150, Water-body dec. 23,798 1, Fallow land dec. 22,598 2, Amount in BDT 454,744,332 1,145,512, ,997,536 29,570,975 60,158,871 1,822,984,488 18, Stamp duty and dec. 6 Registration 15% of Price 273,447,673 Sub Total 2,096,432,161 B. Standing Crops for dec. 14,941,198 1,428 acquired land 10, C. I. Price of Structures 1 Kutcha sft. 20,611, ,073 Semi pucca sft. 13,277, ,212 Pucca sft. 66,433,536 1,872 35,488 Tin sft. 141,361, ,342 Thached sft. 7, ,001 Sub Total 292, ,294,657 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no ,524 18,586,848 2 Medium no. 1,457 11,240 16,376,680 3 Small no. 2,993 3,603 10,783,779 4 Sapling no. 1, ,211 II. Fruitbearing/medicinal trees 1 Large no. 3,589 7,039 25,262,971 2 Medium no. 1,811 4,117 7,455,887 3 Small no. 3,770 1,489 5,613,530 4 Sapling no. 4, ,845 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 1, ,628 2 Medium no. 1, ,948 3 Small no ,459

145 130 4 Sapling no ,464 IV. Fuel Wood Trees 1 Large no ,508 3,156,380 2 Medium no ,747 2,529,000 3 Small no. 1,338 1,201 1,606,938 4 Sapling no. 1, ,025 V. Banana/Papaya 1 Large no. 2, ,891,988 2 Medium no. 1, ,615 3 Small no. 1, ,016 4 Sapling no. 1, ,516 Sub Total 35,474 49,705,210 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 3, ,541 2 Agricultural land dec. 10, ,046,302 3 Vita dec ,213 4 Water-body dec. 1, ,258 5 Fallow land dec. 2, ,213 Sub Total 18, ,284, F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) 1 Residential structure with sft. tittle to land 44, ,651 Commercial and CRP sft. 2 structure with tittle to land 33, ,202 3 Other Physical structure sft. without title to land 68, ,818 Sub Total 146,127 1,627,671 G. Transfer Grant (TG) 1 Residential structure with sft. tittle to land 44, ,955 Commercial and CRP sft. 2 structure with tittle to land 33, ,801 Household and Other sft. 3 Physical structure without title to land 68, ,973 Sub Total 146,127 1,122,729 H. One Time Special Assistance 1 Female Headed and Disabled Households Hardcore poor HH no. 69 5, ,000

146 131 2 I. Moving assistant for owner operated no ,000 1,035,000 commercial premises Sub Total 1,380,000 Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/ Industrial premises (owner operated) 1 Kutcha sft. 21, ,558 2 Semi pucca sft. 4, ,887 3 Pucca sft. 9, ,070 4 Tin sft. 43, ,979,057 5 Thached sft. 1, ,554 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no ,800 1,267,200 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no ,200 2,904,000 3 Skilled non-farm labour no ,000 1,296,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no , ,000 For rented in 2 residential/commercial accommodation (Renter) no , ,000 Loss of leased/ 3 mortgaged in land/ ponds (20% of total land) dec. 3, ,130 4 For losing more than 10% of income no. 93 4, ,000 Sub Total 10,755,455 J. Others Social Development 1 Fund for Income LS 10,000,000 Restoration Assistance 2 Adverse impact on Host population LS 1,000,000 3 Resettlement Site Development Cost LS 4 Special Assistance for affected CRP LS 900,000 5 External Monitoring LS 2,000,000

147 132 6 Implementation of ILRP LS 675,000 Administrative overhead 7 for Land Acquisition for DCs (3% of land price) 54,689,535 8 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 12,000,000 Sub Total 81,264,535 Total 334,174,027 K. Contingency (10% of Total) 33,417,403 Grand Total (Total + K) 367,591,430

148 133 RAP-II BUDGET, SHARIATPUR DISTRICT Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in Sl. No. BDT Amount in BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 20,141 2, ,519,957 2 Agricultural land dec. 22,597 53, ,205,918,746 3 Vita dec. 20, ,801,690 4 Water-body dec. 22, ,651,786 5 Fallow land dec. 22, ,720,737 1,279,612,916 56, Stamp duty and dec. 6 Registration fees (@ 15% of Price 191,941,937 Sub Total 1,471,554,854 B. Standing Crops for dec. 19,532, acquired land C. I. Price of Structures 1 Kutcha sft. 18,369, ,581 Semi pucca sft. 1, ,683 Pucca sft , ,496 Tin sft. 161,549, ,527 Thached sft. 2,195, ,235 Sub Total 273, ,294,578 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 1,464 19,524 28,583,136 2 Medium no. 2,624 11,240 29,493,760 3 Small no. 8,523 3,603 30,708,369 4 Sapling no. 1, ,927 II. Fruit/medicinal trees 1 Large no. 4,064 7,039 28,606,496 2 Medium no. 1,559 4,117 6,418,403 3 Small no. 4,773 1,489 7,106,997 4 Sapling no. 4, ,825 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 11,079, ,607 2 Medium no. 5,865, ,783 3 Small no ,441,712

149 134 18,928 4 Sapling no. 3, ,740 IV. Fuel Wood Trees 1 Large no. 87 6, ,196 2 Medium no , ,507 3 Small no , ,787 4 Sapling no ,760 V. Banana/Papaya 1 Large no. 7,948, ,587 2 Medium no. 6, ,133,845 3 Small no. 4, ,986 4 Sapling no. 5, ,060 Sub Total 138,168 75,259,207 E. Dislocation Allowance 1 Homestead land dec. 2, ,803 2 Agricultural land dec. 53, ,336,632 3 Vita dec ,541 4 Water-body dec ,287 5 Fallow land dec ,018 Sub Total 56, ,967,281 F. Reconstruction Grant (RG) 1 Residential structure with sft. tittle to land 149, ,491,241 Commercial and CRP sft. 2 structure with tittle to land 3, ,196 3 Other Physical structure sft. without title to land 121, ,214,308 Sub Total 273,568 2,750,745 G. Transfer Grant (TG) 1 Residential structure with sft. tittle to land 149, ,043,869 Commercial and CRP sft. 2 structure with tittle to land 3, ,131 Household and Other sft. 3 Physical structure without title to land 121, ,016 Sub Total 273,568 1,924,015 H. One Time Special Assistance

150 135 1 Female Headed and Disabled Households no. 57 5, ,000 Hardcore poor HH 2 Moving assistant for owner operated no. 31 5, ,000 commercial premises Sub Total 440,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/industrial premises (owner operated) 1 Kutcha sft. 3, ,597 2 Semi pucca sft ,337 3 Pucca sft Tin sft. 9, ,184 5 Thached sft. 1, ,928 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no ,800 6,078,600 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no , ,600 3 Skilled non-farm labour no ,000 2,124,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no. 1 4,000 4,000 For rented in residential/ 2 commercial accommodation (Renter) no. 1 4,000 4,000 Loss of 3 leased/mortgaged in land/ponds dec. 11, ,138,522 4 For losing more than 10% of income no ,000 2,748,000 Sub Total 13,291,617 J. Others 1 Social Development Fund for Income LS 10,000,000 Restoration Assistance 2 Adverse impact on Host population LS 1,000,000 3 Resettlement Site Development Cost LS

151 136 4 Special Assistance for affected CRP LS 400,000 5 External Monitoring LS 1,500,000 6 Implementation of ILRP LS 600,000 Administrative overhead 7 for Land Acquisition for DCs (3% of land price) 38,388,387 8 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 9,000,000 Sub Total 60,888,387 Total 372,014,259 K. Contingency (10% of Total) 37,201,426 Grand Total (Total + K) 409,215,685

152 137 RAP-II BUDGET, MADARIPUR DISTRICT Category of losses Unit Quantity Rate in Sl. No. BDT Amount in BDT A. Replacement Value of Land 1 Homestead land dec. 101, ,541,354 2 Agricultural land dec. 59,830 12, ,133,786 3 Vita dec. 20, ,914,852 4 Water-body dec. 22, ,986,323 5 Fallow land dec. 22,598 4, ,257, ,833,333 18, Stamp duty and dec. 6 Registration 15% of Price 138,875,000 Sub Total 1,064,708,333 B. Standing Crops for dec. 3,893, acquired land 12, C. I. Price of Structures 1 Kutcha sft. 10,737, ,673 Semi pucca sft. 2, ,213,757 Pucca sft. 1,338 1,872 2,504,736 Tin sft. 86,679, ,252 Thached sft. 6, ,007 Sub Total 146, ,671,492 D. Price of Trees I. Timber trees 1 Large no. 1,694 19,524 33,073,656 2 Medium no. 5,600 11,240 62,944,000 3 Small no. 8,077 3,603 29,101,431 4 Sapling no. 2, ,583 II. Fruit-medicinal trees 1 Large no. 3,180 7,039 22,384,020 2 Medium no. 1,376 4,117 5,664,992 3 Small no. 1,876 1,489 2,793,364 4 Sapling no. 1, ,655 III. Bamboo 1 Large no. 9,170, ,332 2 Medium no. 2,332, ,651 3 Small no. 7, ,019,100 4 Sapling no. 4, ,214

153 138 IV. Fuel Wood Trees 1 Large no , ,800 2 Medium no. 71 3, ,013 3 Small no , ,140 4 Sapling no V. Banana/Papaya 1 Large no. 3, ,339,260 2 Medium no. 1, ,495 3 Small no. 1, ,955 4 Sapling no. 2, ,052 Sub Total 173,120,768 82,211 Dislocation Allowance E F Homestead land Agricultural land Vita Water-body Fallow land Sub Total Reconstruction Grant (RG) Residential structure with tittle to land Commercial and CRP structure with tittle to land Other Physical structure without title to land dec. dec. dec. dec. dec. sft. sft. sft , , , ,186 40, , ,232, , , ,505 1,892, ,856 7, , ,486 Sub Total G. Transfer Grant (TG) Residential structure with 1 tittle to land Commercial and CRP 2 structure with tittle to land Household and Other 3 Physical structure without title to land Sub Total H. One Time Special Assistance sft. sft. sft. 146,127 1,499,234 98, ,299 7, ,929 40, , ,127 1,045,668

154 139 1 Female Headed and Disabled Households no. 27 5, ,000 Hardcore poor HH 2 Moving assistant for owner operated no. 25 5, ,000 commercial premises Sub Total 260,000 I. Income Restoration Grant I. Loss of Income from displaced commercial/industrial premises (owner operated) 1 Kutcha sft. 3, ,541 2 Semi pucca sft ,626 3 Pucca sft ,023 4 Tin sft. 9, ,061 5 Thached sft ,573 II. Temporary loss of income (wage earners in Agriculture and commercial & Industry) 1 Farm Labour (unskilled) no ,800 2,079,000 2 Non-farm Labour (unskilled) no , ,200 3 Skilled non-farm labour no , ,000 III. Dislocation Allowance for loss of income For rented out 1 residential/commercial premises no. 0 4,000 - For rented in 2 residential/commercial accommodation (Renter) no. 0 4,000 - Loss of 3 leased/mortgaged in land/ponds dec. 3, ,324 4 For losing more than 10% of income (PEMI) no ,000 2,232,000 Sub Total 6,167,347 J. Others 1 Social Development Fund for Income LS 10,000,000 Restoration Assistance 2 Adverse impact on Host population LS 1,000,000

155 140 3 Resettlement Site Development Cost LS 4 Special Assistance for affected CRP LS 400,000 5 External Monitoring LS 1,500,000 6 Implementation of ILRP LS 600,000 Administrative overhead 7 for Land Acquisition for DCs (3% of land price) 27,775,000 8 NGO Operations for 5 years LS 9,000,000 Sub Total 50,275,000 Total 1,405,533,304 K. Contingency (10% of Total) 140,553,330 Grand Total (Total + K) 1,546,086,634

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173 158 Annex VII Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (Land Acquisition) Act 2009 (Act 31 of 2009)

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177 162 Annex VIII PVAC and Gazette Notification 1.0 Background 1.1 The Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project (PMBP) will be cofinanced by a number of multilateral (Asian Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank, World Bank) and bilateral (Japan International Cooperation Agency) development financing institutions (DFIs). The DFIs safeguard policies, particularly those of the ADB, JICA and the World Bank, require compensation payments to be made at replacement cost for property [this includes lands, structures, trees and crops, as defined under the Acquisition and Requisition of Immoveable Property Ordinance II (1982)] acquired for project construction purposes. In this proposal, the concept of replacement cost will be further elaborated and clarity provided on both replacement value and compliance requirements. 2.0 Overview 2.1 Experience with involuntary resettlement has shown that loss of property is often a major source of impoverishment. Mitigation of such impoverishment risks requires compensation at full replacement cost. However, the standards and valuation methods for properties vary across countries. For example, in the case of land, replacement cost is equivalent to fair market price of the replacement land, plus any transaction costs such as preparation, transfer, registration stamps/fees, taxes and other costs in restoring such assets. Nonetheless, the calculation of replacement costs for land is often very complex due to varied physical terrain types, land use patterns, valuation methods, and the level of land market development across developing countries. 3.0 The Context and Current Practices 3.1 In Bangladesh, the statutory compensation standards are determined by the Acquisition and Requisition of Immoveable Property Ordinance II (1982), which requires payments by the Deputy Commissioners (DCs) of a legally recorded market value (Section8/a) for acquired assets In the case of land, the market value typically includes land price by average transacted value registered in the local sub-registry office during the 12 months prior to the date of notification under Section 3 of the LA Ordinance for lands of the same type and quality as those acquired, and a premium or mark-up of 50% for compulsory acquisition. However, a common practice is that people understate the value of their lands in formal records to be able to pay lower stamp duty and registration fees. In that situation, cash compensation for land under the law (CCL), including the premium, remains less than the true market price or replacement value. Consequently, affected families are often unable to replace their lost assets with CCL thus incur losses, possibly becoming impoverished or poorer. 3.3 The fair market price is the price that the land might be expected to realize if sold in the open market by a willing seller to a willing buyer. The fair market valuation holds true only in cases where (i) markets provide reliable information about prices, and (ii) comparable assets or substitutes are available for purchase. In Bangladesh, land markets are still relatively undeveloped in rural areas as those do not provide reliable information about prices. Therefore, it is important to clearly and explicitly (i) define replacement cost in the project context, (ii) provide more specific direction for valuation to determine the replacement costs, and (iii) set payments for land at replacement cost to be able to comply with donor safeguard requirements. 3.4 Valuation of structures is based primarily on the PWD (Public Works Department) manual/schedule of rates. When the acquisition of structures is notified, PWD, at the request of the DC concerned, prepares an assessment and recommends a unit price for compensation. The compensation also reflects a deduction for depreciation of the assessed structure. Within those

178 163 parameters, the payments made are often inadequate for construction of similar structures. Once compensation is paid, the structure is legally owned by the Government of Bangladesh. 3.5 Similar to the assessment of structures, when clearing trees for development purposes, the FD, at the request of the DC concerned, assesses the value of those trees based on such factors as species, age, and types of timber and fruit-bearing trees. In case of fruit-bearing or perennials, the loss of fruits is often not adequately considered. 3.6 The assessment of standing crops is carried out following current valuation methods set by the District Agricultural Marketing Office. 4.0 Guidance on Replacement Cost and Valuation 4.1 Replacement cost as the method of valuing assets is expected to replace the loss of property at current market value, or its nearest equivalent. The fundamental principle of replacement cost is that it should be set at a level that enables project-affected persons to be adequately compensated for acquired properties. In the Bangladesh context, replacement cost is equivalent to the Replacement Value (RV). 4.2 The RV for land is based on: (i) fair market price, (ii) transaction costs (stamp duty, registration, titling, etc.); and (iii) an adjustment for price escalation, which is paid only in situations in which the payment of the CCL or RV has been delayed into a subsequent year, and is applicable only to the RV established by the Property Valuation Advisory Committees (PVACs), subject to a maximum of 15% increase per year until the RV is fully paid. As the CCL is a legally mandated payment by the DC, BBA will be responsible for compensation payments representing the difference between CCL and the fair market price determined by the PVACs, and associated transaction costs, together with an annual adjustment for escalation, if applicable. 4.3 The RV for structures is based on: (i) value of materials; and (ii) depreciation. Those who lose structures will be entitled to compensation by GOB based on the PWD schedule of rates, together with reimbursement by BBA for the depreciated amount assessed by PWD. They will also be allowed to take away any salvageable materials free of cost. 4.4 The RV for trees is based on (i) the value of the specific type of tree established by the FD; (ii) the value of fruits for fruit-bearing trees. Those who lose trees will not only be entitled to the value of the tree established by FD, but also be able to take the fruits and timber of that tree free of cost. 4.5 The RV for standing crops is based on the CCL applied by the DC for the particular type of crop. 5.0 Formation and Functions of PVAC 5.1 Given that compensation levels are often inadequate in reflecting RVs, it is necessary to form Property Valuation Advisory Committees (PVACs) to (i) provide guidance for the valuation of properties at replacement cost, and (ii) recommend the replacement value to the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) for approval. The Executive Director (ED), BBA/Secretary, Bridges Division, Ministry of Communications, will authorize the formation of PVACs in each of the Upazilas covered by the Project. The PVACs, which should maintain proceedings of all their deliberations, shall comprise the following: Munshiganj Lauhajang Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), PMBP(Chair) Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Lauhajang (Member) ADC (Revenue), Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member)

179 164 Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Munshiganj Srinagar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), PMBP (Chair) Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Srinagar (Member) ADC (Revenue), Munshiganj (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Munshiganj (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary) Shariatpur Janjira Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), PMBP (Chair) Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Janjira (Member) ADC (Revenue), Shariatpur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Shariatpur (Member) Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member-Secretary Madaripur Shibchar Upazila Superintending Engineer (Resettlement), PMBP (Chair) Chairman, Upazila Parishad, Shibchar (Member) ADC (Revenue), Madaripur (Member) Sub-Divisional Engineer, PWD, Madaripur Deputy Director (Resettlement), PMBP (Member Secretary) 5.2 The Design Team Consultants (DTC) will assist the PVACs by providing technical expertise in assessing the RVs for properties (land by type and mouza, structure by basic construction type, trees by broad species-type, and crops by type. DTC will undertake consultations, as needed, with affected persons and host populations to obtain adequate information about property values, and review, as needed, past reports on replacement value. 81 For land, DTC will seek to reconcile those values with the land market survey data obtained under the census surveys conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS). 5.3 The PVACs will review and verify, as needed, through additional field level investigations, the replacement values assessed by the DTC and recommend for BBA approval, the final RV for land by type in all three districts. The difference between CCL and RV will be paid by BBA to the eligible persons (EPs) with the assistance of the resettlement action plan (RAP) implementing NGO. 6.0 Schedule 6.1 Based on the above methodology, it is expected that by 31 March 2010, DTC will submit to BBA, for the consideration of the PVACs, the proposed RVs for property types in all three districts. DTC will incorporate suggestions made by BBA/PVACs, which will then be incorporated in the final RVs applicable to all three districts. It is expected that the PVACs will recommend the final RVs to BBA and MOC for approval by 30 June Annex IX Inventory of Common Property Resources 81 In particular, BCL (2006) and ADB PPTA (2007).

180 165 Sl. No. Name and location of CPRs A. Mawa Site, Lauhaqjang 1 Amin Ali Fakir Dargah Paschim Kumarbhog 2 School, Uttar Medinimondal 3 Paschim Kumarbhog Baro Pucca Jame Moszid, Paschim Kumarbhog 4 Medinimondal Samaz Seba Songha, Paschim Kumarbhog 5 Dayal Gaus Mastan (R) Mazar, Uttar Medinimandal 6 Oakta Jame Moszid, Uttar Medinimandal 7 Medinimondal Paradise Club, Uttar Medinimandal 8 Mazar, Paschim Kumarbhog 9 BAL Party Office, Dakshin Medinimandal 10 Padma Bhahumukhi Samobaya Somity, Paschim Kumarbhog 11 Kumarbhog Samobaya Somity, Paschim Kumarbhog 12 BNP Party Office, Paschim Kumarbhog Type of CPR Reference Person and relation with CPR Grave Md. Mofiz Fakir, Owner Schoo l Jamey Mosqu e Societ y Shaikh Md. Jabbar, Owner Md. Nazrul Islam, Secretary Shaikh Md. Jabbar, Vice President Background Description A grave of local saint belonging to the family within household premises. A private elementary school operated for profit A community owned mosque on land registered in the name of the mosque. Friday prayer (Juma prayer) is held in here. This is also operated as Muslim cultural dissemination/ learning centre. A social welfare organization operated for target population owned by a group of people. Mazar Md. Siraj, President A grave of a Sufi saint visited by the local Muslims for ziarat (prayer for salvation of the departed soul of the saint). Temp orary Mosqu e M. A. Motin Khan, President Club Mizanur Rahman (Iran), President Residents of a cluster in a village pray five times a day in this mosque. The land is privately owned. Friday prayer cannot be held here. A club of the villagers operating various youth development activities. Grave Yea Muskil, Owner A grave of local saint belonging to the family within household premises. Party Office Coope rative Societ y Coope rative Societ y Party Office Rasedul Haque Munna, President Md. Jinnath Khan, President Masudur Rahman, President Md. Jinnath Khan, President An informal and temporary office of the local leaders and workers of Bangladesh Awami League. A cooperative society operated for individual profit limited within a group A cooperative society operated for individual profit limited within a group An informal and temporary office of the local leaders and workers of Bangladesh Ownership (Private (group/individual ), Public, Community) Private (individual) Private (individual) Community Private (group) Community Private (group) Private (group) Private (individual) Private (group) Private (group) Private (group) Private (group) Status as PCR X X PCR X PCR X X X X X X X

181 166 Sl. No. Name and location of CPRs 13 BAL Party Office, Paschim Kumarbhog 14 BKB, Dakshin Medinimandalo 15 Gausul Azam Madrasha Hostel, Dakshin Medinimandal 16 Paschim Kumarbhog Jame Masjid, Paschim Kumarbhog B. Mawa Site, Sreenagar 17 Daskhin Paiksha S. Somity, Dakshin Paiksha C. Janjira Site, Janjira 18 Hazi Amzad Dhali Jubo Songha, Hazi Taher Dhali Kandi, Naodoba 19 Aktar Hossain Jame Moszid, Fazlu Matborer Kandi, Naodoba 20 Oakta Jame Moszid, Gafur Munshr Kandi, Paschim Naodoba 21 Oakta Jame Moszid, Kalu Bepari Kandi, Paschim Naodoba 22 Arab Ali Moulovir Panjegana Moszid, Arab Ali Moulovir Kandi, Paschim Naodoba 23 Kadom Ali Mollah Kandi Jame Mosjid, Kadom Ali Type of CPR Party Office Bank Madra sa Jamey Mosqu e Coope rative Societ y Societ y Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Reference Person and relation with CPR Md. Shahjahan, President Salim Uddin Mia, Principal Officer Salauddin President Titu, Alhaj Gias Uddin, President A. Mojid Bepari, General Secretary Tofazzal President Hossain, Md. Hasem Bepary, President Sayfur Chokder, President Dadon Ali Bepary, President Kutub Uddin Mollah, President Julmat Ali Mollah, President Background Description Nationalist Party. An informal and temporary office of the local leaders and workers of Bangladesh Awami League. This part of the premises of an agriculture development bank supported and operated by the Government. This is part of an Islamic education centre. The students of the Madrasa reside in this house. A community owned mosque on land registered in the name of the mosque. Friday prayer (Juma prayer) is held here. This is also operated as Muslim cultural dissemination/ learning centre. A cooperative society operated for individual profit limited within a group Ownership (Private (group/individual ), Public, Community) Private (group) Public Private (group) Community Private (group) A society of the youths of the village operating various Private (group) X youth development activities. Residents of a cluster in a Private (group) X village pray five times a day in this mosque. The land is privately owned. Friday prayer cannot be held here. =do= Private (group) X =do= Private (group) X =do= Private (group) X =do= Private (group) X Status as PCR X X X PCR X

182 167 Sl. No. Name and location of CPRs Mollah Kandi, Diara Naodoba 24 SIraj Boyati Mosjid, Hasen Boyati Kandi, Naodoba D. Janjira Site, Shibchar 25 Dotara Panjegana Moszid, Dotara, Kutubpur 26 Panjegana Moszid, Kutubpur 27 Munshi Bari Panjegana Moszid, Pakhorer Kandi 28 Jabbar Sikder Sritee Sangha, Abdul Jabbar Sikder Kandi, Kutubpur 29 Babor Ali Mollah Kandi Masjid, Babor Ali Mollah Kandi, Kathalbari 30 Sikder Kandi Jame Moszid, Sikder Kandi, Char Raghnathpur Type of CPR Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Societ y Temp orary Mosqu e Temp orary Mosqu e Reference Person and relation with CPR Hazi Hasen Boyati, President Md. Nandu Mollah, President Halim President Sarder, Abdur Rashid Mia, President Mobarak President Deloar President Sikder, Mollah, Md. Dudu Mia, President Background Description Ownership (Private (group/individual ), Public, Community) =do= Private (group) X Residents of a cluster in a village pray five times a day in this mosque. The land is Private (group) X privately owned. Friday prayer cannot be held here. =do= Private (group) X =do= Private (group) X This is a forum of local Private (group) X residents operating sports, festivals, and social welfare activities. The society centre is a temporary premise. Residents of a cluster in a Private (group) X village pray five times a day in this mosque. The land is privately owned. Friday prayer cannot be held here. =do= Private (group) X Status as PCR

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